Maximum light. Most vegetables are light-cup. It is better to choose a good and uniformly lit plot. For example, tomatoes reduce yield, even if they are in the shade of about 2-3 hours per day. To both sides heated evenly, the beds focus from north to south.

Calculate your strength. Take up for a garden smoothly as much space as you can - and want! - process. If you are in the country only on weekends and then not every time, it is unlikely to make sense to plan a big garden and strive to plant a maximum of cultures.

Wide beds - not always good. Traditionally, in our groats, the beds are made 100-120 cm wide. It saves the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe garden, but it makes it difficult to care for the landings: it is not always convenient to stretch. 70 cm width beds are much easier to leave. For the elderly, not only narrow, but also raised beds, over which you do not need to bend. Increasingly put in the frame of the boards, into which the fertile land is then falling asleep. In this case, both water and fertilizers are used by plants more rationally.

Do not get carried away by beds of complex shape: This makes it difficult to care and worsens the conditions for plants, since the land in the corners fastens faster, so plants can develop unevenly.

Passages between the beds should not be one width. For normal care, a distance of 40 cm is sufficient; for high beds Adjasted 20-35 cm due to the presence of walls. If the garden is large, a throughway track is needed for passage and walks, you can make a platform for recreation. However, before proceeding to the formation of the beds, think over how to pave. They must be wide enough, lead to all corners of the garden, should be conveniently used not only to walk, but also to carry the cart.

Do not be afraid to combine culturescompatible with each other. The combination on one bed of different forms of foliage, shades of color and height of plants look much more attractive than the same landing rows.

How to make beautiful beds

Basic principles are fully applicable to the garden garden designAfter all, volumetric decorative compositions can be created from almost any plants.

For single landing and creating the back plan will fit tall plants: Sunflower, corn, dill, high tomatoes. Under the rhives, sorrel and horseradish will find their place, will complement and decorate it with flowers and umbrellas of mint, perennial bows, and spicy herbs.

Add the composition additional volumeSo that the garden does not seem flat, helps vertical landscaping: it can be zucchini, pumpkins, cucumbers, beans, beans or peas fixed on supports. These can be added and blooming decorative plantsFor example, which drives out pests.

For border Excellent suitable little plants With bright color or beautiful foliage texture:, basil, leaf salad, carrots. A, oregano, parsley and coriander will also bring the rest of the benefits, scaring insects and creating an obstacle to weeds.

Color accents Stant flowering plants: low annuals, bulbous, even small shrubs, not inclined to form a row. Some decorative plants not only adorn the beds, but also bring tangible benefits by scaring pests and improving the composition of the soil. Especially favorable neighbors for garden crops are velvets, having both properties.

Draw a garden plan

The main problems when planning the garden is the need to observe crop rotation and different needs for vegetables. Suppose, the radishes on the family need one bed, salad - a third of it, and cucumbers - as many as three. On the next year All the same thing will have to plant a completely different way. On the one hand, it is a plus, as the picture every time looks like a new way. On the other hand, the headache, as this puzzle has to be solved from year to year. To see if all the desired volume of vegetables fit in beds or some positions will have to cut, draw a plate of the garden. Divide the area on the beds using squares, rectangles, triangles. In kind of their size should be such that you can get to the middle of the bed. Count how many sections under what culture you will need (for example: zucchini - 4, radish - 2, etc.). Then cut the required amount from the paper sheet and sign the name of the culture, its height, color. And then move these papers along the plate plan, changing them in places in accordance with the rules of crop rotation. Low plants are closer to the front edge, medium - behind them, high in the background and as accents. The insufficient height of vegetable plants can be compensated by the use of raised ridges. Naturally, they have a ladder, the lowest - closer to the observer. Do not forget about lighting: High plants should not for a long time shadow low.

What can and can not be planted nearby?

there is garden cropswhich cannot grow and develop nearby due to the mutual intolerance to root and essential discharges. But there are also plants capable of "mutual assistance": they lined in the neighborhood, they have a positive effect on each other.

Do not love neighborhood:

• "Tomatoes and;
• "Cucumbers and cabbage;
• "Onion (onions, garlic) and potatoes,
• cabbage, legumes,
• beet;
• "Legumes and grated (tomatoes, pepper);

Plan and smash the country area is a big creative process that will require not only certain knowledge from you, but also connecting your own imagination. At the same time, knowledgeable people recommend adhering to the councils of specialists who will help to fulfill all the work, as a result of each square meter of the territory will benefit and the day of the day to delight beauty and comfort. How the planning of the country area is being planned, we will look at a detail step by step.

Preparatory work

Before proceeding with the compilation of the future plan, it is necessary to determine the area, the nature of the relief, forms land plot, the presence of any buildings, as well as other area features. For example, in rural areas a large number of The streams and water bodies, if there is one being present on your site, then it is possible to use it correctly.

Pay attention to a few features of the cottage:

• lowland - elevation;
• the presence or absence of a water source;
• lessel terrain - steppe.

Quite often have to be attenuating or removing the ground, to make scene for walls, as well as make organized drains. Only with the competent placement of buildings on the site, you can use the cottage plot at the maximum and allocate all zones.

So that everyone preparatory work It was completed correctly, it is best to assess the space and start from the ground.

1. Relief: hilly, smooth, presence of ravines or mountains. It is from this indicator that the laying schemes of engineering communications will depend.
2. Soil: clay, humus, sandy. If it is planned to equip a garden, then the soil fertility should be enhanced by fertilizer. From the acidity indicator will depend on the plant for the garden and flower.
3. Form and size of the territory: Square, rectangular and elongated.
4. Groundwater: with a sufficiently high level, you should think about both the tap of water.
5. Climatic conditions.
6. Illumination.

All large buildings and trees are better orienting in the north side. This approach will reduce the effect of the shadows, and the view from the house will be as highlighted as possible throughout the day.

Zones on the cottage

The melting of the country area depends precisely from the zones that will be included here. In each individual case, there will be your list, but you can consider the largest example and a list of zones:

• residential;
• recreation;
• outbuildings;
• garden.

Each of them should have its own area depending on the total area. So, with the right zoning, the residential part should be up to 20%. If it is planned to build economic buildings, then this percentage should not exceed 15%. At the same time, the largest plot is given to the garden and the garden - 75%. Such an approach will allow to diversify landscape design and fill it with a variety of colors and species of plants.

1. The first place house. Most often, the central zone is taken away for him, but the buildings most often are somewhere in the depths. Interestingly and originally, they can be disguised with the help of decorative plantings that are not afraid of shadows.
2. Place for recreation should be the most comfortable and best. In this case, the nature of the zone may be arranged or scattered. Here you should not forget about the place for the playground.
3. The garden must be well lit, so it is given a sunny side. Shadow from buildings should not blame the territory.

Forms of plots

Options for the planning of the country area can be the most diverse, but almost everything will depend on the form of the land plot. The most common type of site is a rectangular form on which you actually implement a wide variety of solutions and ventures. There is a M-shaped type of site. It is quite complicated, so it will be necessary to think here and reflect where and how to place everything. The part that stands can be involved in a rest or playground.

In the triangular section, you can consider an asymmetric approach when planning and breaking the territory. Make an emphasis should be on round elements:

• lawns;
• reservoirs;

In remote corners, it is best to post economic buildings.

Planning is a creative thing. Specialists advise to consider a wide variety of options, but not to copy them completely, but make some changes.

After they were identified important moments And various options for planning are studied, it is necessary to draw everything on a sheet of paper. You can seek help from specialists, designers. landscape designthat use special programs for project development. But to save funds, there will be a conventional sheet of paper A4 format and handle (pencil).

To sketching the plan, consider an example - the country area of \u200b\u200b10 acres. Best of all, if you take the scale of 1: 100 and the watman sheet of the appropriate size - a square of 50 × 50 cm. For convenience, it is better to arm a pencil and a line to lay the entire sheet into a grid in a step of 1 cm. Next - Flight Flight: Arming Color Pencils, clippings from magazines and wovers, with which the real collage will be created.

Working with the scheme, it is necessary to consider:

• home location with all exits;
• places allocated for shopping and auxiliary buildings;
• rest zone;
• playground;
• tracks;
• fence;
• flowerbeds, mountaineering and parisades;
• reservoirs;
• engineering Communication.

Under the preliminary placement of objects, it is necessary to select the optimal place that will correspond to the appointment.

So, as already mentioned, the main elements on the category should be accommodated in the site first:

• the basis is home;
• additional buildings and household buildings: Summer kitchen, garage, well, barn, cellar and others;
• arrangements for recreation: terrace, patio, gazebo, playground, swimming pool and summer shower;
• garden and garden: flowerbeds, parisades, beds for vegetables and rooteploods, greenhouses.

It is important to pay attention not only to their placement and form, but also to decide on the materials that will be used during construction. Only in this case on the site will be a harmonious garden style. No less important and playground: selecting the place, you should stop your choice on the most viewed area so that the kids are always under visual control of the parents.

We take into account the requirements in legislation regarding the rules of distances:

• from home to the red line of the street - 5 m;
• from home to a neighbor's fence - 3 m;
• between stone houses - 6 m, tree - 15 m, mixed - 10 m;
• from fence for garden House - 3 m, animal structures - 4 m, hospostroops - 1 m, trees - 4 m;
• from the windows of the house to our neighbor - 6 m.

At the end of the article, the most different examples ready-made projects for the planning of country sites. Check out them and make conclusions for yourself.

Plot 12 acres

The garden area of \u200b\u200b12 acres will allow you to place more objects and allocate an additional place for recreation areas in comparison with the previous option. In this case, the layout will be distributed as follows:

• House with a spacious veranda - 150 m 2.
• Economic part 50 m 2.
• Recreation area and playground - 200 m 2.
• Garden and greenhouse - 200 m 2.
• garden plot - 550 m 2.
• Tracks and paths - 50 m 2.

The principle of placing buildings will be similar to the version of the section of 6 acres, but in this case an additional opportunity appears to implement various landscaping ideas. So, a large amount is connected not only fruit trees And shrubs, but also decorative. They can be planted around each object, as well as along the tracks.

In addition, additional square meters highlighted on the recreation area will make a gazebo, swimming pool, barbecue. It is very important to consider decorative lighting here, which will make a possible pastime on the evening.

Plot of 15 acres

First of all, we note that 15 acres are as much as 1500 m 2 of the free territory on which you can embody a wide variety of landscape combinations. Most often, the site has a rectangle shape of 30 × 50 m, or 25 × 60 m. The place is abused to include in the project everything you need for comfortable and functional accommodation is not only in summer, but in winter.

1. Residential house with attic and veranda - 200 m 2.
2. Summer kitchen - 30 m 2.
3. The house for guests is 50 m 2.
4. Bath - 50 m 2.
5. Outbuildings - 70 m 2.
6. A garage with an entrance for the car - 30 m 2.
7. The recreation area includes a gazebo, a playground, a place for a barbecue and a picnic, as well as shops around the territory - 300 m 2.
8. Decorative structures (fountain, artificial or natural reservoir, garden bridge, stone sculptures) - 100 m 2.
9. Garden - 200 m 2.
10. Flowers and mixtures - 70 m 2.
11. Garden - 400 m 2.

There are no special recommendations for such a plot, so pay attention to the first and second option. Everyone will be able to realize any idea here and not even one - everything is rather rational to weigh and develop that everything in each other is very well combined and harmonized.

The country house should drown in greenery, so it is precisely this stage a lot of time and strength is given. It is planned and a large number of flower beds is planned, and in front of the house there is a large parisade.

With independent development of the plan of its country area, it is necessary to take into account the set of nuances and moments that will help perform all the work correctly and rationally. Please note the recommendations and tips in the article, as well as familiarize yourself with the sketches of the plans of the plots. As a result, it will be possible to create a country area of \u200b\u200byour dreams, where it will be comfortable to spend all seasons regardless of weather conditions.

Video

Lot useful Soviets Given in the next video:

Schemes

Earth for us is a natural wealth that fed our grandfathers and parents. Today, only a small percentage of people it turns out to interact with it directly - arrival at the cottages for a couple of tens of kilometers, life in rural settlements or its own private house within the city. All these options, often converge on one - work on the cultivation, removal of weeds, landing of cultivated plants and (or) ... Sometimes, all these cases are held on the "weekend", after labor workers everyday life. But, after all, it is necessary to rest, go on a summer terrace or just become on the territory of the garden and contemplate how you could easily plan the garden on your site.

Of course, while you are in front of you, the snowy bedspreads are in front of you, they don't really "live", but it is a warm plaid, a cozy chair, you have brewed delicious tea and just, you can begin to be determined from a theoretical point of view, how do you want to plan a garden.

If you decide, you can give everyone square meter lands such that cultural plants will give up to 15% -20% crop more, the flowers will be slimmer, and the eye will only rejoice

Based on this, we offer for you the following theses that we will reveal during our "travel" on the planning of the "workspace":

• We are determined with the landing plan;
• We form the right dimensions and the position of the bed;
• Alternation of cultures - what it is and with what;
• Combined landing;
• Crossing crop rotation and many other "topical" questions and solutions.

Planning Greasok.

Soil on vegetable garden

We are sure that you are like an experienced person in terms of the annual choice of cultures grown in its plot, you know that for their planning it is necessary to know which soil in the garden is more suitable for a particular variety, varieties. And if earlier it was done "on the eye", now it is necessary to competently determine the soil composition, and therefore be sure to know it acidness (pH).

It is quite simple to do this - to attribute samples into a special laboratory taken in the garden. It is necessary for a more accurate composition, you need to take several samples from different parts. If there is no desire to wait long, pay or just interested, and Is it possible to make this test at home, I answer - even if not so accurate, but you can. To do this, take the same "samples", mix them carefully so that it turns out, literally homogeneous mass and part pour into a jar or other container. Next, pour some vinegar and see the result. There will be 2 them, and each will indicate their designation:

• On the sample of the soil, bubbles appear when contacting the vinegar, which will mean neutral P.H.;
• Vinegar will be absorbed into the ground without a visible reaction, which will determine sichu PH Soil.

Immediately let's say that this is not the maximum accurate analysis, but it allows you to quickly and clearly illuminate this important question.

Rules of planning or how to plan a garden

In addition to the composition of the soil, place the site It will help the competent location of those several beds that you already "go through" in your imagination. Here are a few rules that will help you with this:

• Most the best way The location of the garden is flat terrain. In cases where the site goes on the slope, choose the southern or southeast part;
• Be sure to decide the question with. Innovation or automation is not important here - this is your choice. Both big and small garden loves the availability of water, which will be more convenient for you;
• We define the soil. The chernozem is best suited to plan the garden and get a rich harvest. But if a heavy clay prevails in the ground, it will have to be created and imported it into a section of peat, sand, well, or a chernozem itself;
• If you have not yet decided how to make beds correctly and where to start, start from the planning of the site at a distance from the trees. They will not create a shadow, and at any time the ground will warm the sunshine.

• From the south to the north There are beds, if the site you own is in lowland. Often, the earth is constantly raw, and therefore it is necessary that she warms up the sun;
• From west to eastThe beds are planned in the case of dry soil. The aisle will be under the shadow of the plants, which will save moisture;
• With the bias of the soil, beds are better broken across;
• South side Suitable in order to plan the garden, and north - Garden, if the site is not very smooth.

How to plan a vegetable garden

Create a plan landing

We agree that to plan a garden - painstaking work, which will take one day, but without it you will not make rich yields, and this place will not be a holiday for you.

The first thing to start - draw the plan of "possessions" on paper

The drawing must be the most complete information: shape and sizes, information about the acidity of the soil, its orientation. Next, break the area on the zones - the garden, the garden, residential and economic zone. It will be great if you observe, and make, the size of the shade of buildings, trees. Now, to be clearer to plan the garden, make it "model". To do this, cut out of paper strips and write the name of the plants, which will be planted, as well as important devices, such as watering centers ,. Place them, "play" and find the right combination. For those who believe that these actions "can be omitted," say, it is better to prepare on paper than finding the right places in the very garden in the spring. When all forms and places are defined, you can think of the varieties and varieties of crops that are needed in the garden.

Proper Grokes

If there are no correct beds on the garden, then the rest will not work - everything will be painstaking work. Therefore, we will pay attention to the beds to competently glorify the garden.

• Lower or raising

There are several locations of the beds: in-depth, elevated, floss with the level of land. The level is determined by the ability to water every day, natural conditions. For example, if you can't watered your beds daily, it is better to deepen them, and vice versa.

• Gabarits.

Forms can be completely different, the most important thing is convenient access. If the length can be any, then the width for convenient access should not be more than 1 meter. The optimal width is from 60 cm. Designation - at your request (brick, slate, etc. or do not design).

• Crop rotation of your crops

This is one of the most important issues that need to be solved not only to plan the garden, but also get a rich harvest. The order of "return to the previous place" is about 4 years. Therefore, we advise you to share the entire area at 4 compartments, and we comply with all the necessary sequences, according to the crop crop turning tables.

• Combined planting culture

Here, in order to competently plan the plot, it is worth knowing what cultures will not be able to get along near, and which will even help grow, forming a "community". For example, beans and, among agronomists, the name "Three sisters" were called, since their growth rates are greatly suitable for each other. But it is worth knowing that not all plants are "friends". Dill and knowledgeable person will never sit next. This also applies to beans and. In order to understand what exactly cultures help, and what kind of friend's friend - see the table:

Table compatibility culture

Table compatibility culture

Interesting advice: Garlic can not only help a person to strengthen immunity, but also to take care of the "immune system" of plants. So they will hurt much less. To do this, make useful infusion By prescription: Cut 5 garlic teeth and pour them with boiling water (1 liter), and then, close the lid and let it insist about 20 minutes. Immediately after that, it is possible in order to prevent any diseases to water these innovation of indoor and garden plants.

Planning and landing of the garden of 6 acres

Place a large area to plan a large area is quite simple, due to good dimensions. But 6 weaves are not particularly walking. But this is not a problem, especially if you consider several nuances:

• Garage position;

Do not arrange a garage in the depths of the cottage (at home), because it will be necessary to highlight the road (entrance) for the car.

• The garden on the south side will cover most of the day the garden shadow;
• Marthal installation is better to produce from the windward side;
• Non-standard form of flower form will allow not only to plan a garden, but it will visually expand it;
• Located mini-garden in the mantal area or arbors will decorate the perimeter and save space;

For this, the unit is knocked out from the boards, the earth is poured and flowers or cultures are planted. The garden can be fenced with a shoulder, to limit the beds.

• Drainage systems in lowlands are simply indispensable;

If your site is under a slope, the lower part will always contain excess moisture. It is drainage systems that are disguised into special terraces visually will actually make more convenient use of the site.

These tips will serve as a good lesson, both in planning a simple garden of small sizes and sections of large dimensions.

So, adhering to the above measures, you can make the right garden, which will be fronding for joy

We wish you to relax on your household plot and do not believe people who suggest that at the country the work turns into torture. Turn your plot to the fairy tale right now.

Inexperienced summer houses, disembarking our own garden, often complain that it does not have that abundance of fruits on which they were calculated. And the trees begin to cut down, replacing them with super-modern seedlings. But in poor fruiting in 90% of cases, people themselves are to blame! Probably the landing was made chaotic, according to the principle "the more, the better," there was no layout of the garden, and the result is useless toe trees.

Video: how to plan the country's cottage

Creating a garden, as well as creating a house, begins with the design. Remember how the building project is chosen: study climate, terrain, the presence of free square, family members, etc., and only the accounting of all factors allows you to create the most comfortable and comfortable and warm house.

How starts the garden

The garden also begins with the study of the Earth, on which plants and climate will have to live, which directly affects the number of fruits. If the soil is too clay or one sand, it is necessary to enrich it with chernozem, peat and other useful components, which will depend on the roots.

In the climate, the main factor destroying fruits is frosty winters, spring late frosts and excess moisture. Therefore, it is necessary to select the range of trees, based on climatic conditions concrete terrain.

Choose trees

Apple trees, pears, allycha and cherries of local selection are the most resistant trees. They adapt almost in any area and fruit if not annually, then in a year.

Southern Guests - Apricot, Peach - are afraid of raw spring, because early bloom when high humidity It does not end in pollination. Pollen along with moisture settles to the ground. Dangerous and spring frosts, which are just falling on the apricot color.

The cherry absolutely does not tolerate short-range waters, and if not to perform amelioration, in a couple of years it will figure it out. The raw spring also imposes his imprint: the fruits crack and rot, not having time to mature.

Therefore, selecting the range of trees, consider their future performance. Whether it is necessary to take precious meters on five to six hundreds of trees that can give fruit every six years (under optimal weather conditions!). Is it no better to go to the nearest supermarket and buy a couple of kilograms of apricots or peaches, which in the season will not be very expensive, and in the garden only those plants that will ensure the seven vitamins in the garden?

We make markup

To decide how many trees to plant and how to do it right, it is necessary to draw all the available and planned on the paper: a house, a bath, a gazebo, fence, electric poles with wires (if any) and old trees that do not plan to irrigate.

Garden on small cottage plot

Why do you need it? Each object towering over the Earth discarded the shadow that affects the development of nearby plants. Trees, bushes, garden plants They will begin to stretch into the area of \u200b\u200bpermanent lighting, spending its strength not to lay the fruit, but on the struggle for the light. It will continue until the top will not be higher than the barrier. And since the house or bath will not always grow trees, then the fruit you will not wait even after 10 years. Therefore, in its plan, mark the number of each construction, as well as the side of the world. Shadows will be located from the West and the East from the objects, narrowing to the south. Draw a seat with strokes where the shadow of more than half of the day will be. This distance is half the height of your buildings.

Everything that turned out to be shaded on paper is not suitable for the garden. There you can lay tracks, make a flowerbed, break the lawn, pond, etc. So that the trees gave a harvest, the shadow zone is excluded from the plan of the future garden.

Looking out plants

First decide how many trees and shrubs are planning to plant. If pears, apple trees do not want to cut, then we can "sit down" with a maximum of 7 trees. Why not thicker? Because as they grow, they will begin to discard the shadow, preventing each other in normal development.

If the pruning is still planned, the number of trunks can be increased to 15 (per hundred). The most "advanced" dacnis should be embarrassed on the column forms of trees, which are planted with an interval in the meter.

Option layout of a rectangular area with garden and garden

It should be noted!
Pruning reduces the amount of fruits only in cherry and apricot, because they are located along the entire twig. They are not accepted. The remaining trees in pruning are very needed. The fruits from this will become larger, unnecessary branches will not take the light. It is best to keep trees in the amount of about 2 meters, forming a crown as a ball or a flat wall (if you plant trees near the fence).

Trees are planted in four meters, if it is planned to restrain them in the area of \u200b\u200bthe 2 m shape of the ball, and three meters, if you land the wall. Distance between shrubs (currant, gooseberry, etc.) - 1.5 m.

Rows must be located south to the north. So plants will discard less shadows, and you can plant shadowerous cultures in the aisle.

Planning OGOR

Modern garden layout and garden ceased to be strictly rectangular. And all because the straight corners are inconvenient to go through, moving with a wheelbarrow. therefore garden tracks And garden beds are placed such a form so that it is convenient to walk with inventory. Interesting examples Planning the garden and garden can be brought into account from other dacms, on the Internet or specialized directories.

But there are general laws that should be followed so that the minimum of the beds gave maximum harvest.

Those owners who did not suffer with layout are tormented with the cultivation of garden crops. Thoroughly, Pophots once, planning a garden and a garden, you will relieve yourself from excess work.

Before each owner of the household, country or gardening and gardening, the question arises of the right placement of the garden on its site. The word "correct" suggests that there are some rules, norms or mandatory principles for which the garden should be equipped. And some general principlesOf course, you can allocate - but it is some. This is due to a huge variety of conditions in which areas are located, but also also the personal preferences of the owners have an important meaning.

At all should not blindly copy someone else's experienceEspecially if it is an experience gained in another soil-climatic zone. And what about? What to take novice gardens?

Choose a place for the garden

Let's start with the question that certainly occurs when planning: where in the site to place a garden, what part of the total area under it. After the simplest calculation of the need for vegetables (see) it usually turns out that the site is enough to highlight the site area of \u200b\u200babout 3 acres. More or less - will depend on the composition of the family and the desire to experiment with any cultures.

Under the garden allocate the solar place, without shading on the south side. Unlike the garden, which is placed on the northern slope, for the garden is preferable southern Exposition. This is if the garden is only a garden. To the garden plot are presented certain requirements:

• under vegetables, elevated doses of fertilizers (both organic and mineral) are made;
• provide good air permeability to the soils, for which disintegrators are made in the form of straw cutting, straw manure, river coarse sand;
• create optimal conditions For moisturizing, excess water is removed through drainage or arrange watering with insufficient moisture;
• protect a plot from the dominant winds, planting decorative or on the windward side or fruit treesBut so that the shading is not - all vegetables are light-sounded.

Sometimes gardeners divide the total area on several areas According to this principle: the main cultures with a large landing area are isolated into one array, and green and spicy-aromatic are placed closer to the path and the structure, so that you can easily cut off the beam of parsley or dill, without running throughout the country or the preservation.

Recently has become fashionable to arrange decorative garden. Here, vegetable cultures are still executed and formed functions, so they are selected by decorative qualities. But this is still exotic. If the topic of decorative garden is interesting to you - read articles about the principles of its organization from the list of recommended literature to the lesson.

Undesirable to plant vegetables in the gardens of gardens, where there is shading, competition for water and nutrients, There is a danger of contamination of products with poisons used to protect the garden. Yes, and vegetables are better managed in open areas.

Place greenhouses and greenhouses

Vegetable crops are quite a lot, and they are very diverse in their external signs and the peculiarities of growing. The desire of the gardener to ensure itself with early vegetables leads to the need to highlight the area under warmed soil. Now there are no problems in the acquisition of various greenhouses and greenhouses or materials for independent construction.

In the protected ground, heat-loving vegetable cultures are grown in small quantities: tomatoes, pepper, eggplant, cucumber, cook. To obtain an early greenery in a warmed soil as sealing seals salad, dill, petrushka And other herbs. To meet the need for early vegetables, 4-5 plants of each culture are usually enough.

The area under warmed soil is usually no more than 100 sq.m. But in zones with cool summer, grow thermal-loving vegetables in the open ground is problematic, and they are grown only under the shelters. In this case, greenhouses are needed, and their area will already be higher - up to 300 sq.m. and even more. Of course, better culture is not related to growing separately, for example: cucumber with zucchild in one building, but tomatoes, pepper and eggplant - in another. But if there are few plants, it is difficult to implement, and not too need.

The peculiarities of growing vegetables in the greenhouses is dedicated next lesson -. There we will consider in detail all important nuances.

Construct Grokery

Crickerels make spring, just placing tracks. The tracks between the beds should provide a free passage and the ability to get a hand from the track until the middle of the beds. As a rule, for this width of the track must be not less than 40-50 cm. The length of the beds themselves can be arbitrary, and the width is convenient for work: such that the hand can be free to get a little further than the middle of the bed. It is necessary for manual work - sowing, weeding, harvesting.

Beds for individual cultures (like greenhouses) with a long side better place from North to South - So plants will be better covered during the day. The number of rows of plants in beds - arbitrary.

Usually do the beds rectangular shape. By your device, they can be different. So, in the south, they try to throw in the surface of the soil or even in-depth, and in the center of the country and in the north - raised. The edges of the beds are usually not limited to the frame, but when the device is narrow a variety of mittlider or warm steam beds, a frame of boards is arranged or flat slate, other materials.

Various methods Devices are a variety: beugoons or raised, in the frame and so on - it is better to master gradually. Read more about what beds are, how to build them, what are the advantages and disadvantages different options - Read in articles from the list to read this lesson.

For large plants (with a large bush) or Liana make wide distances between the rows - from 40 to 90 cm, and between small plants, on the contrary, the aisle is reduced to 15 cm and even less. The largest rivers require pumpkin and plenty zucchini- more than 1.5-2 m;

• wide aisle is needed for tomatov, pepper, eggplazana, white cabbage, beans.
• narrow aisle - for beets, carrots, green crops.

Plant placement schemes on beds:

• roots - 6 cm between plants in a row and 10-15 cm of aisle; It is also convenient to place most green and spyaromatic plants;
• polenovyov Support for each bush; Place them according to a 50 × 50 or 70 × 70 cm scheme;
• early cabbage placed according to the scheme 40 × 40 cm;
• late cabbage - according to a 50 × 70 cm scheme;
• cucumber: When growing on the support, it is left 25-30 cm between the bushes; When growing without gateway between plants, 60-70 cm are left, and the aisle increases to 90-120 cm;
• white-type zucchini placed after 40 cm;
• zucchini plenty - After 70-120 cm.

Source requirements

Plot under the garden should be fertile. Vegetables were traditionally grown on rural houses, where many organic organics were introduced into the soil, but there was a completely different situation in modern garden sites, additional landlocative measures may be required - so, for example, with a shallow groundwater running, drainage is arranged with the drainage of excess water in the arranged water bodies or Wells.

Usually beginners it is necessary to simply make a fertilizer from the fall:

• organic (manure, humid, composts from organic waste) at the rate of 60-100 kg per 100 sq.m;
• mineral complexwhere there are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (azophoska, nitroammophos, phoscade, autumn and others) - up to 5 kg per 100 sq.m.

Followed by spep a plot As deeper, but taking into account the thickness of the fertile layer. On poor podzolic soils, instead of a deep plowing, a gradual appendix is \u200b\u200bcarried out with a deepening an arable horizon by 5-7 cm per year and apply compostes from any kind of organics. Breaks are needed only on heavy and swimming soils.

Good results gives sowing perennial herbs (Lucerne, clover, Espartzeta) for 2-3 years and their scare. Instead of perennial herbs, you can plan one-year herbs as sideratov. It can be mixtures based on barley or oats with vika or pea. Before the stipples, it is necessary to grind and make a nitrogen-phosphoric fertilizer at the rate of 1-2 kg per weave.

Compost - good organic fertilizer

Fertilizer of individual vegetable crops has its own features. So, under the cucumber, the zucchini, late and middle cabbage makes the organic (manure, humid, compost), and under the tomato, pepper, eggplant - only humus or well-broken compost. Under the onion and root roots, only mineral fertilizers contribute early cabbage.

Fertilizers and feeding devoted separate lesson:. For more information, you will also find more information from the list to read this lesson.

What is a crop rotation, why is it needed and how to organize it

It is impossible to grow alone and the same cultures every year in one place. Specific pathifiers are accumulated in the soil, pests are overreed on plant residues, soil is unilaterally depleted, harmful substances accumulate in it - decay products, toxic for plants.

To avoid these negative consequences, scientists invented crop rotation - Scientific substantiated alternation of cultures in time and in the territory. In small areas, it is difficult to use full-fledged crop rotations, here more often use fruitman - alternation by year of alone crops with others.

In the fruit, there is one group of cultures to another in demand for nutrition. Better, if, after the cultures, the organizing was made, there are cultures that are well using the decomposable organic, and behind them - culture with mainly mineral nutrition.

For example, so:

1. cabbage middle and late;
2. tomato;
3. carrot.

Or so:

1. cucumber;
2. pepper, eggplant;
3. beet.

For some cultures are required early predecessor. For example, under winter garlic Only the cucumber, zucchini and green, because garlic is planted in autumn, and it is also necessary to prepare the soil. Perennial vegetable crops are grown on cracks where they can be more than 3-5 years in one place.

Details about the organization of crop rotation (fruitman) on the garden, favorable and negative combinations of cultures, the correct alternation and other nuances are spectacle on one of the following lessons: .

Organization of watering in the garden

Vegetables are demanding not only to soil fertility, but also to ensure moisture. Even in the regions where a sufficient precipitation falls out, there are periods when irrigation is required. Therefore, the site should be water source In the form of a centralized water supply, a well or a container of several tons of water.

If a groundwater Located closer 60-70 cm from the surface, it is better to arrange their assignment beyond the site either to the drainage well. In the arid regions, it is necessary to worry about artificial watering, creating a margin of irrigation water on a plot in tanks or pools.

You can feed water to a vegetable area with a hose, stationary pipeline or using the system drip irrigation. It is better to choose a reinforced or corrugated hose, which is resistant to flexibles, light polypropylene pipesResistant to ultraviolet, non-pressure drip lines of low pressure.

But with any methods of watering it is necessary to determine water quality. Here it is necessary to find out the degree of mineralization, the presence of toxic salts, the pH indicator. You can conduct analysis in zonal scientific institutions for agriculture or laboratories controlling the quality of drinking water.

If the water complies with the requirements, it can be used without feasible to water, but if the water is superfluous, or contains toxic salts, or very rigid, it is better to collect and use rainwater, apply filters (which is certainly expensive) - in any case, less use it.

there is rule: The toxicity of water is the less manifest, the higher the content organic in the soil.

Determine the dates of landing

Each culture is sown and planted in their time. If there is an opportunity, the warmed soil is very often used to extend the timing of the harvest: different kinds Greenhouses, greenhouses. Different films and nonwoven materials are used as a translucent coating, and seedlings of thermo-loving crops are planted in such structures: tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, cucumber and zucchini, as well as cold-resistant crops as an early cabbage, color, Peking - to get earlier products.

When using warmed soil, it is important that seedlings are not just high quality, but also certain varieties and hybridscapable of maximizing the crop costs of designs and films.

Also vegetables can be soiled directly in open sad Or plant seedlings. The most first in the ground usually seed green crops, followed by carrots, onions, beets, and then planted seedlings of thermo-loving crops and cabbage.

Selection of varieties - Case complex. It is better to navigate the assortment recommended for a specific zone. There are many options and each of their pros and cons. In detail how to choose a variety of vegetables for your garden, we talked.

Fasciner is C. sewage. The seller of seedlings does not always grow what we need, and it can happen that the selected variety does not give the necessary harvest. There is a way out - either to grow seedlings yourself, or contact reliable firms and garden centers that deserve confidence.

We devote several lessons to growing seedlings, where we consider in detail not only the general questions, but also the features of individual crops:

How to care for garden

Garden care is ruffle rods - Usually after rains, irrigations or feeding. As the plants develop, the depth of loosening will first increase, and then decrease to not damage the growing roots.

Subordinate Conducted to adjust the power. It is better for them to use special brands of complex water-soluble fertilizers containing 5-7 microelements. When applying fertilizers, the attached instruction is usually followed.

There is also a need for protection against pests, pathogens of diseases and weeds. Apply herbicides - means of combating weeds, in small areas it is impractical. Still, they are unsafe, and it is difficult not to damage the cultural plants themselves. Manual weeping Stay the most effective means of fighting weeds.

Among plant protection products There are not only chemical, but also biological, and they should be preferred. But in the fight against dangerous diseases And the pests still neglect chemical protection should not be. At the same time, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the regulations for the application of plant protection tools, do not exceed the dose and not reduce the waiting period - the time during which after processing it is impossible to work with plants and use products to food. This will be discussed in detail in one of the following lessons.

Vegetable crops are divided by one-eyed and multi-police. For multi-drug characteristics continuous blossom and harvesting. In such cultures like tomato, pepper, eggplant, zucchini, cucumber fruits are collected as they achieve removable maturity. Vintage at regular fees they increase. Cabbage, root and onions are removed once, with full maturation. Many cultures have a combination of periodic fees and disposable cleaning. In dope and lettuce, for example, you can first break part of the leaves, and at the end of removable maturity and all the plant.

The maintenance of the garden is fascinating: as they develop some questions, new, even more complex appears. This process is creative and affected by art.

Homework

Tell me how the garden is organized on your site. If there is a photo - just wonderful; Or maybe you draw the schemes for accommodating the beds and landing on them? Show your garden! Are you satisfied with everyone? Perhaps already see some of your mistakes or do you want to change something, improve? Tell us about this so that the beginners do not allow the same misses, studied in someone else's experience.

• Where in the site will be located garden, what kind of area does it take?
• What kind of garden will be in your garden?
• Are you going to build a greenhouse, put greenhouses?
• What sources of water do you have?
• What is the soil in the future garden plot, and what do you intend to do if it is required to improve?

Most active and inquisitive can perform additional task: To look into "and pick up what your garden is missing, in your opinion: maybe a big watering can, for example, - and maybe the drip irrigation systems.

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Memo for students

• Do not forget publish homework And do not postpone its execution!
• To the material of the lesson - your opinion is important to us.
• , Get answers to them from specialists and summer house practitioners.
• , answer questions, share your experience.
• If the occupation was useful for you, share a link with friends in social networks - Perhaps this information will also come in handy.