Estimation of the centuries people locked their homes, closing the doors on the bump. The advantage of a mortise lock compared to the supercharge lock consists in the fact that closed door It is impossible to just take and unscrew. And the disadvantage of this device is that for its installation, it is necessary to make a remission in the doorway, as a result of which its integrity, and, consequently, the strength is violated.

Causes of door locks

Very often, manufacturers of locks are used for their manufacture of rather soft steel or alloys from non-ferrous metals, such as copper, aluminum, and they cannot withstand high loads for a long time. There are several main causes of the locking device of the castle:

• Malfunctions of the door leaf, the logs.
• The accumulation of dust in the locking mechanism, the presence of rust.
• Faults in internal elements, lock wear.

Door Little Faults, Lutki

When the door geometry changes, the locking of the lock begin to shift relative to the shut-off strip. The mechanism by which the riglels move cannot overcome the friction effect, between the casing and the bar, as a result, the load increases and extends throughout the lock mechanism, some details are not able to withstand increasing the voltage and soon fail, most often it happens with the secret, The weakest part of the mechanism. After the secretion, the chance of breakage remains in the riglels with the movement mechanism.

Accumulation of dust in the locking mechanism, the presence of rust

Very often, the locks used in the premises of the premises are not obtained by timely maintenance. Thus, the internal resistance in the movable parts of the castle increases. If you have not taken any measures for a long time, the lock is broken. If the lock model is used with an increased number of locking valves, this is especially dangerous. The same number of problems carries and the presence of rust inside the castle. Increase the operation of the lock in these cases, only the regular cleaning of the lock mechanism is capable of regularly.

Construction of a mortise castle

1.Sttulp

This item is called another end or facial plank. Its ends go beyond the boundaries of the lock case, they have two holes through which the lock two screws is fixed in the door of the door canvase. In Stlpe made cuts for latch and riglel. Length, width and thickness of the still must match the sizes of the door of the door.

2. Latch

This mini-rigel automatically closes the door when the door leaf returns to the frame. Unlike a rectangular riglel, the latch is bevelled from one edge, so when contacting with the door frame, it first moves inside the lock case, and then the return spring pushes it into the cutout (response) bar.

3. Rigel

The fact that in the old days was made from a massive piece of wood and was distant with impressive sizes, today has only a couple of centimeters in length and width and made of tempered steel. In order for the lock the door lock, the reiggle under the action of the cylindrical mechanism is moved to the shut-off bar. Turning the key one or several times, we adjust the depth of the penetration of the riglel in the shut-off bar.

4. Fastening the cylinder

4. Cylinder fasteners

A long screw is inserted through the hole in the plip, which is included in the appropriate threaded hole in the cylinder. Thus, the cylinder is fixed in the lock, pull it out from there with a closed door is no longer possible.

5.Dornmass

This term means the distance from the center of the key or cylinder opening of the castle to the edge of the champ. Dornmass is measured in millimeters. This indicator must be taken into account not only when installing a new lock, but also when replacing the old castle to a new one. Even if two locks will have the same size and places for fastening, but different dornmasses, then with installation there may be many problems, the best solution to the model is the search for the model with the desired Dornmas.

6. Width of the case

To install a mortise lock in the canvas, make a recess using a drill and a chisel. It is important not to be mistaken in the depths of drilling. To make the lock case without problems fit in the excavation, its depth should be slightly larger than the width of the lock case. Sometimes the back of the castle indicates both the rear dorms (the distance from the center of the key or cylinder hole of the lock to the edge of its rear plate). Then the Durass + rear Dornmas \u003d the depth of the excavation (the width of the lock case).

7. Returning spring

So that the handle of the lock does not hide, and all the time was in a horizontal position, the return spring is installed in the locks. When pressing the springs handle is compressed. But it is only worth release the handle, as the spring immediately returns it and the latch in its original position.

8. Walnut with a hole for the handle

Walnut is called a mechanism with a quadrangular hole for a pressure headset (handles). The most common headsets with a pin size of 8 × 8 mm in locks for indoor doors and 10 x 10 mm in locks for entrance doors.

9. Mountain Distance Castle - The distance between the center of the rotating part of the cylinder and the center of the hole for the handle. This indicator is very important to determine the location of the hole for the pressure headset in the door canvase.

10. Locking mechanism

Located in the center of the cylinder, the so-called cam (or beard) at each turn of the key promotes the rheel forward. At the same time, the cam when turning the key to the left falls into the cuts on the riglele and put forward the riglel from the castle housing. When unscrewing, the same thing happens, but when turning the key to the right.

11. Installation of the cylinder

When mounting the cylinder is simply inserted into the hole provided for this in the lock and secure the screw. The main thing is to the screw in the hole intended for fasteners. Correct with such a task will help a minor chapel of the cylinder in the castle. The key at the same time should be inserted into the cylinder in the "closed" position. After installation, check the lock to work first at open doorAnd then - when closed.

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If the lock is called reliable, be prepared for the fact that its design will be quite complicated, at the same time have a number of exceptions from the rules. One thing can be approved for sure if there was a need to collect or disassemble the lock, the device scheme will be required.

Preparation for assembly

As a rule, to repair the door invoice or cutting castle, it is necessary to start to disassemble it. Before installing a new device on the door, it is disassembled in order to exclude marriage or to remove the non-resident body (if any). In order to fix the castle, it is necessary we'll have to disassemble.

It is often found that repairmen-amators for the purpose of repair disassemble the device, and after that it cannot collect it together. From the side it looks pretty ridiculous and ridiculous, but experts argue that it happens quite often.

In such a ridiculous situation, it is possible to be even when, the lock is not removed from the door, but it is partially disassembled for cleaning or lubrication. It is enough that one spring is missed, and the device will not function correctly. In order to avoid such a situation, you do not need to rush to open the device body. First you need to get the diagram of the device and carefully study it. As a rule, the scheme comes complete with the lock, if it is lost, you can see it on the Internet. The scheme will allow you to study:

1. A complete set of components and their location.
2. The principle of fastening elements.
3. The functionality of each component.

The scheme is not the only thing that may be required. The locking device will not disable with bare hands, so you have to prepare a special tool:

• screwdriver;
• the key is the original, which opens the secret mechanism;
• tweezers, awl;
• lubrication for locks.

Procedure for assembling and disassembling devices

Disassemble the castle itself, in principle, it is not difficult if you do not touch the secret device itself. Small components of the details are failed quite often for various reasons, but they are not difficult to replace them. Most cylinder locks have three main elements:

1. Case.
2. Rigel.
3. Larva.

The main thing in this composition can be called a larva, since without it the first two elements of nothing. It is the larvae and there is a secret element that manages the beelels. To replace the larva, you need to open the door and carefully examine the end of the door cloth in the area of \u200b\u200bthe outlet holes under the riglels. It is in that place that the fastening component is located, which holds the cylinder in the case.

As soon as the fastener is seized, the key must be inserted into the keyhole and get the larva. After the replacement is made, the assembly is carried out in the same way, only in the reverse order.

The work will be more difficult if you need to disassemble the larch itself. This is usually done for recoding or for making a key. It cannot be argued that it is impossible to do, just a special tool will be required for this, without which it is better not to take. If you have no such experience yet, then it is better to adhere to the following scheme:

1. It is necessary to remove the cylinder from the case.
2. Give the lock ring.
3. Insert the key into the well and turn it to 180 degrees.
4. With the help of two spokes, you will fix the pins that are at the bottom of the secret.
5. After that, you can get the upper pins and perform all the necessary actions.

Nuances in the assembly of locking devices

Many believe that the castle after repair is quite simple and underestimate the complexity of this work. In fact, everything is much more complicated than it may seem at first glance. By adhering to the following tips, you can avoid all the nuances that may arise in the process of this work:

1. After you independently assembled the castle, do not forget it to work with the key.
2. The location of the internal elements must coincide with the scheme.
3. Do not drag fasteners, it can negatively affect the work of the entire device.
4. If non-working elements are detected, they must be replaced. If there is no such possibility, change the entire locking device.

On the interior door, locking devices, as a rule, do not put. It uses a conventional knob to fix.

To make the door reliably closed and no one could penetrate the room, the door lock is installed, a device specifically designed to close the doors. Input and sometimes interior doors are equipped with locks. According to the functional purpose, the manufacture of various systems is performed. door locks.

Diagram of the device of the car door Castle.

Some features of the castles

On the lock used, the locks can be divided into two types:

• overhead;
• curling.

Montage of overhead locks with their own hands is done on the inner half of the door. Directly in the thickness of the door canvase, the installation of mortise locks is carried out.

In each castle, the main parts are:

• executing system;
• secret.

A device that conducts a key identification is called a secret. It can be two types:

• electronic;
• mechanical.

Castles are also divided into several different groups. It all depends on the applied secret. There are several different types:

• suwald;
• cylinder;
• disk;
• code.

Each lock has an individual mechanism. He, in turn, is divided into:

• mechanical;
• electromagnetic;
• electromechanical.

In the door canvase, the installation of mechanical locks is most often. The constipation serves as a steel rod, which rushes into a plate having a special groove screwed to the door block. As a result, the door turns out to be reliably locked.

Electromagnetic locks with constipation is powerful electromagnetThat attracts to the steel plate fixed on the block. The electromechanical lock is an ordinary CATP with an electric drive.

Defined factors affect the reliability of the castle. First, it should have an increased degree of secrecy, secondly, its body must have high strength. The greater the thickness of the metal, from which the castle is made, the more reliable. Of course, for interior doors Do not need to install an expensive and powerful castle. Much more important than HIS appearance And beautiful handle.

Very often, door locks are manufactured with the door fixing mechanism when it is closed. The most common today became:

• rigel;
• overhead;
• mortise;
• latch.

Installation of mortise door locks is done directly in the door of the door. Therefore, they are absolutely invisible from the outside. More reliable are the mechanisms equipped with a safety device. When the movement of the handle occurs, the cam is in motion. He presses on the latch, forcing her to move back. At the same time, the springs tension occurs. After returning the handle to its initial position, the cam under its pressure comes to its original state. When the door closes, the movement of the latch is carried out only due to the bevel. There is an independent triggering of the spring, the latch slams.

In the design of the spring, the latch performs simultaneously and the fixation function. With a pressure on the latch, the second spring snaps the rigleel. When turning, the key begins with its beard, first of all, lift the locks falling out of the upper holes. Then the beard presses on the bridge and pushes it forward. When the beard returns to its initial state, the retainer again enters the upper hole, not allowing the riglel to work automatically. The castle has the opportunity to work with double closure, because the rigleel is equipped at the bottom of two niches.

Locking devices have varying degrees of secrecy. They are divided into:

• confidential;
• suwald;
• cylinder.

In the systems of the first type, reliability is carried out at the expense of various protrusions made on the plate. Sometimes there are about 90 such projections.

Suwald devices, invented by the Englishman, are equipped with high secrecy. In each lock on the key, special recesses are made, located at 90 ° to the beard. Steel box is equipped with spring plates of different dimensions. The fixing rigle can work if the key will start simultaneously lift and capture the plates.

The cylinder lock has received increased reliability due to the cylindrical channel made specifically for the key. The pins together with the spring do not allow the key turning. If the inserted key can raise all the pins, shut-off Rises, as a result, the cylinder will be able to turn. Such cylinder mechanisms are considered mortis, they can be closed by an ordinary way. It must be said that the cylinder devices are considered the most reliable. The keys in this case have different shape and a huge amount.

How is the mechanism of the castle?

Any device created for locking must necessarily consist of:

• locking mechanism;
• steel box;
• valves;
• key

In the locking mechanisms, mortise constipation is considered the most common. He must have:

• housing;
• facial planks;
• casov equipped with a special latch;
• the goals of the main action;
• drive lever.

Any lock is equipped with a secret system that identifies the key. The door is locked using the actuator.

Secrets are divided into several mechanical species:

1. Cylindrical. Its main part is a special cylinder. It has pins that do not allow hacking the device. This castle began to be called English. It is considered the most popular and most popular.
2. Suwald. The key of this castle has special teeth. They are intended to identify Suwald and determine their number.
3. Code. In this case, the secret set of numbers is introduced, the protection system is activated. The lock opens.
4. Electronic. Works on the drive, the installation of which is made in the Labor Device itself.

Executive devices are just as divided into several types:

1. Electromechanical. They have downs, operating from the electric motor.
2. Electromagnetic. In this case, the locking mechanism is a magnet.
3. Mechanical. Steel rod enters a special hole and closes the lock.

Design of the Suwald Castle

The reliability of this system directly depends on the number of plates. The plates are larger, the stronger the protective properties.

The Suwald system includes the following details:

• transverse or beams;
• steel plates or suvalda;
• special hole where the key is inserted.

The operation of this system is based on the installation of plates into specific positions, only then the key will start rotating.

How is the cylinder system?

This design is similar to others may:

• mortise;
• overhead.

The secret mechanism is hidden in the larvae installed in the center of the castle. Such a system has several subspecies:

• unilateral;
• bilateral.

One-sided system can be opened with a key, and only with a specific side, the other is equipped with two cylinders. This lock can not be opened from the inside, without having a key.

To locate the building with a cylindrical device, you need to perform several specific actions.

First, the key must be inserted into the groove having a limited protrusion that is located in the cylinder.

One of the parts of the cylinder always has free rotation if the inserted key fits. The housing in such a design is always fixed. The executive mechanism are pins, it is them and begins to raise the key. Due to the position of the pins, the device is regulated. To open the mechanism, all encryption details must match.

How is the keyboard used by internal doors?

Of course, when there are a lot of doors in the apartment, you do not always require full locking. But under certain circumstances, locking the doors becomes a necessity. For this, a beautiful castle is bought, its installation is performed in the door leaf. It should consist of:

• moving plate;
• shutter;
• springs;
• lever;
• latches;
• cases.

In previous years, the lock systems were made quite simple, they were easily opened. Today, when the age of technology has come, invisible locks were invented. These structures are able to stand guard of any apartment, no one can hack such an entrance door.

Locking devices, the price of which is not very high, can be knocked out or drilled, but the newest keyboard hidden inside the door canvase is functioning only on certain radio frequencies of a special keychain.

You can make a lock design of a particularly difficult or fairly simple, but it has long been all clear that it is better to have a reliable door with the only superior castle than to establish some cheap and simple castles of dubious reliability.

As soon as our ancestors realized that the property can be both common and personal, the need to protect his own from someone else, and with it the first ways to lock the dwellings.

The castles were significantly evolved, simple latches and cheeks, preserved before our modernity through long experiments and inventions, turned into high-tech security systems, both mechanical and electronic action. The device of the door lock is largely determined by its the main function - locking the doors and protection of the house.

By how to fastened to entrance door, Castles can be divided into such two types. Cutting mounted in the door canvas. When installing such a lock, the location of the door where the mechanism is crashed - significantly weakens. But, nevertheless, is the most common, competently arranged and, with proper moth, will last for many years.

Overheads with the help of screws and screws are attached from the inside of the inlet door. Elementally installed and do not lower the strength of the door structure.

The structure and composition of the product is caused by the presence of such functional parts as the secret of the lock and the production mechanism.

The design of the lock depends on the secret system that is several types:

1. Suwald (safe) - several teeth are located on the key, which determine the number of Suwald in the mechanism.
2. The cylinder - consists of a cylinder with pins, prevent light hacking.
3. Electronic - works on the principle of the drive embedded in the cut of the castle.
4. Code - opens by introducing a specific PIN code.

As a production mechanism, the locks are:

1. Mechanical - a closure occurs with the use of a metal rod (key), which is included in the special groove of the door lock.
2. Electromagnetic - Magnet performs as a shut-off mechanism.
3. Electromechanical - the presence of dock with an electrical drive.

Constructive systems of castles

The device of the door lock (scheme), as well as the principle of operation of each product type, is strictly individually. It may be simple with standard locking systems, may have a complex and reasonable design, to increase hacking and fire resistance.

Device diagram and montization method are also not unique for all types. The most common in the use of the Suwald and cylinder locks of the entrance door are, so it should be sorted out how each of them is arranged.

How is the mechanism of the Suwald Castle?

The design of the Suwald Castle has a fairly high level of reliability.

We study the device of the Suwald Castle on the example of the Kale Kilit 257L model.

The picture shows the scheme of the device in a context illustrating all parts of the design:

• 1 key;
• 2 - body;
• 3 - facial frame;
• 4 - lid;
• 5 - Cans;
• 6 - shank grab;
• 7 - shank rack;
• 8 - a set of Suwald;
• 9 - Suwald springs;
• 10 - armoflastic;
• 11 - Space washers.

Diagram of the device of the Suwald Castle in the context.

Functional purpose of basic parts

The internal system of the door lock consists of several of the most priority details that determine the impeccable operation of the mechanism.

The shank rack is the main element of door locking systems. It is responsible for protection against manipulation and power methods hacking the front door.

The gap between the shank rack and the device code groove is enough an important indicator. The protection function directly depends on its value. The studied and installed ideal size is 0.3-0.7 mm. Reducing the value leads to wear, and encourage the key, and exceeding what is worse, to the possibility of light manipulation opening.

The number of Suwald determines the degree of reliability and the required time on hacking. The more Suwald, the more time it will be needed to open the door lock, it does not apply to an increase in complexity. The most applicable and effective amount of Suwald in the device is equal to six.

The device of the input door mechanism is impossible without such at least important elements, as:

• Design springs provide proper workOtherwise, Suwald will not be able to return to the initial position, and if it derses in the interval - the lock stops functioning.
• Casov consists of three riglels. They must be attached to the bar, which is attached to the shank. In cheap systems, the rigels are fixed directly to the shank, which in the future can lead to breaking or breaking the bolts from the inlet door lock.
• Armoflastines cover the most vulnerable places in the mechanism that prevent penetration from the outside.
• Slipment washers create tolerances between the Suwalds for their more smooth stroke. Thanks to accurate gaps, the protruding parts on the key will not be cling to several Suwald immediately, and the operation of the mechanism will occur without interruptions.
• Facial frame creparates the mechanism inside the door and does not leave the opportunity to force. It is an indispensable element of the castle design.
• The housing and cover of the product are covered with an anti-corrosion agent. Firmly and rigidly conjugate with each other through large number screws.

Operating principle

Suwalds are a set of plates having curly cuts. The scheme is simple: under the influence of the key, they are built into well-defined positions, in order to turn the key and hand over the system. But in case of incomprehension, at least one plate in his grooves, the mechanism will not work.

The key plays a certain role of the code, and hack such a power system difficult method. The high degree of reliability and durability is caused by large dimensions of the mechanism.

If you observe all the rules for the assembly of the product, it will be difficult to hack it, even the most experienced hacker.

What is the secret of the cylinder castle?

Despite the fairly simple device of the cylinder lock, it is extremely reliable.

All the basic elements presented in the context have certain functions:

• The cylinder (larvae) ensures the secrecy of the product, by moving and fixing in the working position of the base of the castle.
• The lever serves to control the latch when opening and closing the door with the key.
• Casov-latch and Rigel hold the door in a closed form by entering the shut-off bar.
• Response Planka - an element with holes for the input of the deposits during locking doors.
• Facial frame - detail of a mortise lock with a hole for the output of the casov. Serves fastening the castle to the door to the door.
• The key manages the secrecy mechanism, provides the input and output of the gravy.
• The housing is the main part of the product, inside of which the entire system of the mechanism is arranged.

The diagram of the device of the cylinder lock in the context.

Operating principle

All the work consists in the "freezing" of the cylinder inside the box with the help of code and locking pins. Code work in combination with the key itself, and the locking pins stop the entire mechanism when the key is not inserted into the well. The key by means of setting its pins on a special division line, leads to unlocking the larvae inside the box and the riglege begin to move.

Cylinder locks are also called "English", and their keys most often flat configuration with cutouts or dents across the edges. Such a mechanism is resistant to hacks with hoes, which you can not say about the power method - drumming or knocking out the larvae.

The device of mounted locks does not differ in difficulty, it changed little from those distant times when Ancient Rome This shut-off mechanism was invented. Conducts a lock from two main elements - handles and hulls. In some castles, the handle replaces a locking finger or flexible steel cable. The mood of the mounted lock is made through the ears or brackets and is reliably fixed by the actuator in the housing.

Hardware - an important part of the mounted castle

According to the principle of work, the arrangements are divided into two main types - retractable and folding, to the first category also include removable arms. Folded handles can be:

Forged;

Plate, welded or glued out of 2-4 parts of the same shape;

Flat stamped;

Round bends from a steel rod.

The shape and dimensions are influenced by the choice of installed shut-off reinforcement, for example, in powerful, thick ears are more convenient to wear a castle with a length or removable handicap.

The handle is the most vulnerable part of the mounted castle, so for responsible premises it is necessary to choose the models of door locks with high-strength alloys or stainless steel with stainless steel. An unstable to mechanical influence of the arrangement is easy to eat with forceps or cut the metal with a metal knife.

What is the mechanical secret of mounted locks?

Currently, the diversity of hinged locks largely depends on the type of mechanical secrets used in the design. Today you can meet the attachments of the following types:

Suwald, representing a combination of plates with curly slots;

Cylinders in which the secret mechanism is assembled into a single node;

Disk consisting of multiple disks and pins balances;

Secret or code locks;

Screw.

The main task of the mechanical secret is to allow the lock to open the castle with its own unique key. Only he can act as a suvalda, who either independently free to the handle, or do it with the help of a brigal. Usually, the Suwalds or the Rigel are fixed in the closed state in the excavation or in a special hole of the alignment on the one hand. Rarely, but still there are models of mounted locks, in which the handle is fixed at once from both sides.

Castle castles: how they work

One of the most original technologies of mounted locks are invalid mechanisms. The principle of them is based on the impact of the castle spring on the bolt, which by its bent protrusion blocks the recess of the alignment. The keys's beard affects the beel, he releases a handicuit, which under the action of the spring pops out out. Such mounted locks are closed by simple snapshoting of the lowering alignment, the key is not needed. This feature gave such locks the nickname "Nutcars", they are widely used to lock the intensively used premises of various purposes.

One of the simplest and most reliable types of invalid locks - "Girk". Its feature is the centralized placement of the beegel, consisting of 2-4 flat plates and gaskets that form clearances in accordance with the grooves on both legs of the alignment. They are driven by a sessorate of a key, which is usually two-way and has a flat form. The number of secrets that are actually peculiar suvalds can reach 10, which allows you to securely fix the alignment. The housing of such mounted locks is usually made of cast iron, and a part of the arrangement protruding on it has a specific semicircular shape, for which the mechanism and received the nickname "Girik".