Drip watering plants - the most optimal way to saturate the root system by moisture, reducing the risk of soil erosion. The technology of drip irrigation At first glance, some gardeners may seem too much wisdom, and many precisely for this reason ignore this method. And completely in vain - the dignity of watering drip by you will see at the first harvest assembly.

This method of watering is characterized by the fact that water goes straight into the roasting zone in small portions - it avoids its erosion. The amount and frequency of moisture arrival must be regulated depending on how the need for it of each particular culture. Water to plants should flow through a drip irrigation system, and for each of them the same amount of moisture is required.

Accurate regulation of water supply with drip watering at the cottage for each plant eliminates the soil drying, and at the same time root system It turns out to be maximally protected from excess moisture.

Drip irrigation application technology

The automatic system of watering drip irrigation eliminates the owner from unnecessary hassle associated with the wizzy and feeding plants, since these processes take place almost without human participation and even during its absence - only you need to install a special pump and timer.

How to water the plants with drip irrigation, building in the country such an installation with your own hands? It is quite simple, and its effectiveness is very high. As for the care of the system, then during operation it is necessary to periodically clean all its elements, eliminating blockages, preventing possible water flowering, etc.

The benefits of this irrigation system are quite a lot, although so far, drip irrigation on the cottages is not so often applied. It is explained by this simple - many scares the idea of \u200b\u200bthe complexity of the design of such a system, as well as the practical embodiment of the project. However, these concerns are in vain. In any case, pluses drip watering Much more than flaws.

The advantages of drip irrigation on the site

Drip watering on the site is beneficial in the sense of both the economy of physical, water and energy consumption and effective care for cultures and increase yields, the convenience of carcasses. d.

When describing drip irrigation, it is necessary to mention that the gradual supply of water contributes to the smaller wear of the equipment and the pipeline, and also saves energy. This means that all components of the systems will be able to work for a long time, without requiring replacement. In addition, since this system is practically not sensitive to reduced pressure in the pipeline and can perform irrigate even with the weakest pressure, do not have to spend money on the purchase of the pump.

The main advantage of drip irrigation is that it provides plants more efficient moisturizing, without giving roots to dry or bend from the overaction of the fluid.

Look at the photo: With drip watering, water is supplied to the plant roots zone, so the plant is instantly absorbed and the plant uses the incoming moisture by 100%.

The use of drip irrigation makes it possible to saturate each of the plants with a certain amount of water depending on its individual needs. The root system with such watering is developing much better than with other ways. As is known, the bulk of the root processes is just in the place where the droppers are arranged, and therefore water, getting directly to them, contributes to the fact that the roots become more urine, with a large number of root hairs of active type. As a result, the intensity of consumption of the root system increases nutrients From the soil along with moisture.

As it pass through the pipes of the system, water warms up to optimal temperatureTherefore, the roots of plants during watering do not have stress from too low temperatures.

Look at the video drip watering at the cottage mounted with your own hands:

Pluses of a drip way of watering plants

When the water is supplied into the system of drip watering of plants, it is possible to add to it fertilizers, which in this case are faster delivered to the roots of plants and are better absorbed by them, so that the absorption of the plants of active and nutrients is faster and more intense. This method of irrigation is the most effective in fertilizing and watering soil in hot and dry climate conditions.

The principle of drip irrigation is designed in such a way that the water does not fall into leaves, fungicides and insecticides are not washed away from them into the soil, which means that the possibility of distribution among plants is reduced various diseases.

Since the drip irrigation system up to the desired degree moisturizes the soil, it remains normal air circulation, and therefore the breathing of the root system during the entire growth cycle will also be left normally. At the same time, the soil oxygen penetrates the roots of plants faster, which allows them to function more actively. In addition, normal air circulation in the soil and sufficient moisturizing prevent its erosion.

Drip watering can be arranged on the plot even with the most complex topography. At the same time, it is not necessary to build any lesions, to transfer the soil, overpowing and disturbing its integrity.

Given the principle of drip irrigation, this system is shown in the cultivation of cultures on weakly seed soils. A feature of this type of irrigation is leaching salts from the soil. But at the same time, even if the salts are accumulated on the edges of the irrigation zone, this will not cause harm plants, since moisture will be absorbed by the root system of plants only from the leached zone.

As can be seen in the photo, drip irrigation does not allow peripheral water drain, and the soil between the rows of plants always remains dry. This means that at any time, regardless of irrigation periods, it will be possible to process the soil, spray plants or remove the crop.

Drip watering can be carried out even on the sun itself - water will not fall on the leaves of plants, which often, for example, when sprinkling, leads to sunny burns. So drip irrigation takes all time limits - it can be done at any convenient time.

The principle of watering drip

Mount the system may even beginner, just to purchase elementary knowledge and stock up the necessary set of tools and materials. Here the help of specialists will not need even when assembling automation with a timer.

After installing this system, for a long time you can forget about all the problems with watering the site, which existed earlier, when it had to regularly walk around the garden with a watering or leather or a few hours to stand with a hose in the hands, alternately watered each bed. If you do the drip system fully automated, the presence of a person is not required at all, it will be enough to check its operation only from time to time and it should be cleaned from breaks from the blocks.

With a dropping method of watering plants, water is applied directly to the roots, so it is required much less. In addition, with this method of watering water evaporates not so intensively, such as, for example, when sprinkling or superficial irrigation, and this also allows you to reduce its consumption. In total, water savings in this case is very significant and is 40-70%.

How to water the plants in the greenhouse and in pots drip irrigated

Drip irrigation Indispensable in greenhouse, where, with ordinary watering, plants often suffer from excess or lack (especially on hot sunny days) moisture. And this is very important, since seedlings and others are usually grown in greenhouses. prying plants, sensitive to the amount of moisture and other factors.

When using a drip system of watering, these problems can be avoided, especially if simultaneously with irrigation through the same system, the plants will be carried out. From the practice it is known that greenhouse plants in greenhouses, where drip watering is used, twice the faster develops and exceed the dimensions of their "relatives", polluted by conventional methods. This is due to the fact that drip irrigation stimulates the development of healthier roots in plants.

Drip watering is also salvation for plants planted in the dacha in the house and pots. Very often, having watered the whole plot, they just forget about them, and these plants die, because the soil in pots and adhesion, especially in the open air and in the sun, quickly dries. For these plants, you can use hoses with a personal eyeliner to ads. Or apply drip watering from plastic bottlescovered in the ground.

Ribbon for drip irrigation: photo

Ribbon for drip irrigation is an integral part of the design of drip irrigation. It is necessary to approach its choice with a special responsibility. In this article, we will tell you how to choose the right ribbon for drip irrigation, how are the slot and emitter tapes differ among themselves.

Slit or emitter.

Photo: Slit ribbon for drip irrigation

The tape for drip irrigation is a thin-walled tube in which the holes are done with a certain step. Instead of holes, there can also be slits, emitters, nozzles, etc. The holes are made in such a way that a certain amount of water is poured. For example: 1 liter per hour, 2 liters per hour, etc.

Today in stores there are a huge number of types of drip ribbons and they differ in each other by the method of manufacturing holes. The most common slit and emitter drip ribbons.

The slit ribbon for drip irrigation has a kind of labyrinth, which is embedded along the entire length in which holes are made with a certain step. The droppers of such a ribbon are quickly clogged, so it is not recommended to use more than one season. The price of such a tape depends on the steps of the holes. The more holes, the higher the price.

Slit tape requires very deep water filtration - some types of up to 80 microns. This requires the purchase of a good filter, which is not noone.

The main plus a slit tape lies in a low price. It is much cheaper than the emitter drip ribbon.

Photo: Emitter drip ribbon

Emitter drip tape is more technological compared to the slit. The flat labyrinth emitter is built into it. He at the expense of his wide entrance and the filter has very practical protection against clogging. Emitter drip tape can serve several seasons.

Emitter drip ribbon can be divided into two types - compensated and non-compatible. They are distinguished by the fact that in noncompensated tape the water consumption directly depends on the slope of your site and the length of the watering tape itself. And compensated does not have such a dependence, water consumption is always single. Such a tape is considered the most practical and has better operational qualities.

All drip ribbons are made of thin materials. Therefore, working pressure in them is limited from 0.8 to 1 bar. In order to connect the drip tape to the water supply requires a pressure reducer.

How to choose a drip ribbon?

The leading position on the equipment market for drip irrigation occupies the drip ribbon. This is one of the most important elements Drip irrigation systems, which provides direct water supply to the root plant of the plant. With the help of a drip ribbon, you can provide a metered supply to the root system of the plant.

Watering is the main measure of the care of plants on the site. Therefore, it is very important to properly approach the question of choosing a drip ribbon so that it meets the parameters that you need specifically.

Before touching questions of choice, let's first look through the principle of the drip ribbon.

The principle of the drip ribbon.

In the Water Adjustment Channel comes from water pipe. During this time, it passes through a variety of filtering holes and elements. After that, water enters the labyrinth canal. In the labyrinth canal, the water consumption is controlled before it comes to the outlet holes.

The emitter drip ribbon has a greater length of the passage of water compared to the slit, so it is less prone to clouds. Also, she more evenly distributes water.

Characteristics of ribbon for drip irrigation.

Lifecycle and strength depend on the thickness of the tape walls. The thicker the wall, the longer the drip ribbon will correct you correctly. Of course, thick tapes are more expensive, but also the service life is significantly more.

Thin-walled ribbons can be used for vegetable crops, which short term Maturation. If you plan to use the tape during the entire season, it is much more expedient to buy a tape with thick walls. Tolstown ribbons have resistant to mechanical damage, which cannot be said about thin-walled ribbons.

With which walls there are tapes:

0, 125 mm. Thin-walled tape. It is suitable for watering plants with a rapid rate of harvest. You can lay such a tape on an even plot, on which there should be no stones and other obstacles.

0.15-0.2 mm. Universal tape that is suitable for irrigation of early and late cultures. It is relatively inexpensive. It is possible to apply on soils with normal conditions.

0.25-0.3 mm. Drip tape with thick walls. It can be used during the entire season on stony soils and in the zone of high risk. In difficult conditions, the ribbon is not recommended to use longer than one season.

0.375 mm. This tape with the thick walls. Designed for the terrain where various animals can cause damage. Such a thick-walled ribbon can be used for several seasons.

Distance between outlet holes.

It is also very important to choose the right distance between the outlet in the drip ribbon. Here, first of all, it is necessary to rely on the need of a particular plant in watering and frequency of landings. If the plants are planted at a short distance from each other, it is best to choose a drip tape with a small distance of outlets. It also applies to cultures that are experiencing a high need for water.

Also, when choosing a distance of the holes, it is necessary to take into account such a factor as the type of soil. Since the movement of water directly depend on the structure of the soil.

What are the distances between the outlet in the drip ribbon:

10-20 centimeters. Such a distance of outlet openings is advisable to use on cultures that are close to each other. So such a distance is optimal for sandy soils and for soils, which require elevated water consumption.

30 centimeters. Such a distance is optimally used for plants that are planted in light soil and which grow with a gap of 30 centimeters.

40 centimeters. Such a distance is intended for landings that were produced at a large range from each other.

Water consumption drip ribbon.

Now about water flow. Choosing a tape, it is necessary to take into account the flow of water. Here it is necessary to proceed from factors such as the availability of the source, the length of the tape, water quality and the need of plants.

Drip ribbons with low water consumption reduce friction losses, you can use long rows of ribbons. This provides more rational water consumption. In addition, such a system will be more reliable and practical. The best level of filtering is achieved.

If the pressure is 0.7 bar in the emitter, then you should choose a tape with the following flow:

1.5 liters per hour. Such a tape is used for plants from a family of cane and plants that require high humidity.

1 liter per hour. Universal tape, which is suitable for all types of soils and most vegetable crops.

0.6 liters per hour. Such a drip ribbon is very effectively used on soils with a low rate of seepage of water. You can apply on a very long length.

Diameter of drip ribbon.

Choosing a drip ribbon need to also take into account the diameter. From it directly depends on water consumption.

Most often there are two diameters - 16 millimeters (applied on a length of up to 300 meters), 22 millimeters (applied at a length from 300 to 750 meters).

When organizing drip irrigation, there are still drip irrigation tubes. However, drip ribbons are much better.

Take all these factors when choosing a drip ribbon to your site.

Video on the topic: drip ribbon.

Drip ribbon, video:

Assembly and installation of drip ribbon: video.

Drip irrigation It was designed to increase the amount of harvest in conditions of strict water saving.

Description

The use of this type of irrigation is distributed in territories with different climates. Drip watering is a watering method accurately to the base of trees and plant roots, used to achieve the greatest results at maximum water saving.

System drip watering Used for irrigation various plantslocated on open spaces, in greenhouses, in the garden and country territories, as well as at the gardens. In addition, it is used for irrigation of vegetable and fruit landings.

Drip irrigationused in cases where water saving is necessary, the point distribution of water on a territory or another, as well as the regularity of watering.

The essence of the irrigation system is to establish special hoses that distribute water flows throughout the territory that should irrigate. With this type of watering, water reaches the deep roots of plants, ensuring their healthy growth.

Drip watering is the organization of regular watering of plants by submitting a certain amount of water into a special time specifically.

Approximate scheme of a simple garden irrigation system

The installations of drip irrigation (irrigation) are needed to care for gardens, parks, vegetable garden and flower beds, which need special irrigation for healthy growth.

Watering has this name due to the presence in the system of such watering of special droppers. Water in them is under low pressure, due to which a certain pressure appears, and the system regularly supplies the amount of water necessary for one or another plant.

The advantages of the drip irrigation system are its small sizes and a logical simple design that allows you to maintain any landscaped area in order (a drip watering system is often used, because it is always warm water and in bad quantities and time in your greenhouse)

Drip irrigation system (irrigation)

Drip irrigation (or drip watering)- This is the most efficient and economical way of watering gardens, vineyards, floral and ornamental plantings, vegetables in greenhouses and greenhouses.

Drip irrigation It is that irrigation is ensured due to a slow (drop per drop) and long-term water supply to the corruptible plant zone and maintaining optimal humidity in it during the entire growing season.

Water through the pipeline system is supplied to the irrigation zone and through special water supply - droppers falls under each plant or a number of plants. Simultaneously with water in the soil, a solution of fertilizers can be supplied.

Irrigation standards with drip irrigation on average by 25 - 45% lower compared to other watering methods. In some cases, the use of drip irrigation water saving can reach 65 - 90%, since the loss of water on deep filtration and surface reset are missing, it is also excluded on irrigation to irrigation, transpiration of weed vegetation.

With such an irrigation in the soil, the most favorable water-air and nutritional modes of plants is maintained, thereby ensuring development and yield, primarily vegetable crops. Compared to conventional springs, it rises by 20 - 60% or more.

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Droppers are usually placed on pipelines. The most often used droppers from plastic microtubes in drip irrigation hoses with different frequencies of their location.

The use of one or another hose is associated with water consumption for watering, the type of soil and the type of culture. In the gardens to supply water under one tree, it is usually 3-4 drops or a hose of the drip irrigation system with a distance between the built-in droppers of 20-40 cm.

It does not contain complex engineering solutions in its composition, so its installation is under the power of most dacities.

For drip irrigation, several ways of supplying water are distinguished:

• With the help of microcapels, water is supplied as separate drops or small pips. Suitable for greenhouses, small plants, bushes.
• With the help of micro-verses, the amount of water indulges and, accordingly, the large area is poured, compared with microcapels. Suitable for medium and large shrubs, alive hedges, small trees. When using multiple sources, you can water large trees.
• With the help of splinkers that watered splashing and creating a water fog. These nozzles are used for large open areas, such as lawns, golf courses.

The basis of the drip system of watering It is a drip tube that should dose water along the entire length of the tube equally. We want to warn you from trying to make a drip tube yourself, by drilling a simple garden hose or any other tube.

The tube with conventional holes does not work as needed, because Holes that are closer to the water source give a greater water consumption, and with the removal from the source, the flow rate drops. In addition to the entire hole in one season, you manage to clog mud and overgrow with algae.

In the drip tube of factory execution there are special inserts that delay the movement of water. These inserts are located at a distance of 20-30 cm depending on the tube brand. You only have to pave the tube along the plant barrels and bring water to it.

Drip irrigation systemswe are intended for watering trees, shrubs, individual flower beds and fruit and berry plants, which are irrigated irrigated or contraindicated, or is insufficient.

The considered irrigation methods in one way or another are used in the content of plants in the landscaping and landscaping of various territories. The choice of one of them is the case, first of all, the customer, as well as a specialist designer based on a technical and economic justification.

The advantages of drip irrigation.

Drip irrigationit has many advantages compared to other types of irrigation. Drip watering significantly increases the efficiency of water use and improves the conditions for the growth of irrigated plants.

• 1. Accurate and localized water supply.
• Water is fed into a limited amount of soil, where the root plant of the plant is located. The water flow regulation allows not only to significantly save forces and means spent on watering, but also minimize the loss of nutrients in the root zone.
• 2. Minimizing evaporation loss.
• Wetting a certain zone reduces water loss into evaporation. For those who use greenhouses from polycarbonate, it is possible to directly affect the humidity and conditions of plant growth.
• 3. Elimination of water loss at the edges of the irrigation zone.
• Using drip watering, it was possible not worried that the water would flow beyond the irrigated area, as it occurs when the splinkers and manual irrigation are used. With the help of droppers, you can water the plot of any size, form and relief.
• 4. Reducing clogging.
• Limited moisturizing of the Earth significantly reduces the germination and development of weeds.
• 5. Preservation of air-water equilibrium.
• With drip irrigation in the soil, more air is maintained than with a superficial method. This is due to the formation of a crust on the surface surface, which makes it difficult to penetrate the air to the ground.
• 6. Simultaneous use of water and nutrients.
• The use of nutrients together with irrigation water allows them to distribute them throughout the water propagation region. This reduces the loss of fertilizers, improves the digestibility of substances and saves not only the means, but also time on the introduction and qualitative distribution of fertilizers.
• 7. Adjustment of water and nutrients depending on the growing period.
• The use of fertigation technology makes it possible in different periods The development of plants to serve only the amount of water and fertilizers is necessary. This allows you to largely affect the quality and amount of harvest.
• 8. Automation.
• Standard drip watering is semi-automatic, as it is necessary to fill the tank with water, wait until it gets warm and then opening the valve, pour plants. But it is possible to improve this system by creating an automatic drip watering. On the remote, indicate the time of filling the tank and the period and the duration of watering.
• 9. Adaptability to any topographical conditions and various soils.
• Drip irrigation successfully functions on steep slopes, small and compacted soils with low water penetration and low water intake-holding ability.
• 10. Irrigation does not interfere with other activities.
• Partial wetting of the soil surface does not affect other activities, such as: spraying, processing against plant diseases, care and harvest.
• 11. Water distribution is possible in any weather.
• Drip irrigation can be used in windy weather. The wind does not interfere with drip watering, in contrast to sprinkle.
• 12. Low energy requirements.
• Due to low operating pressure, the energy consumed in drip irrigation is significantly lower than that of other watering technologies under pressure. For example, mechanical irrigation systems.
• 13. Reducing fungal diseases of leaves and various fruit diseases.
• Drip irrigation irrigation does not wet the top of the plant, which reduces damage to the leaves and fruits with fungal diseases.
• 14. Allows you to avoid burns of leaves.
• Droplets of water that fall on the leaves turn microlynes. It is very dangerous in sunny weather, as the leaves burns are possible. When using drip irrigation, water is not sprinkled and neither by the leaves nor the dissolved fertilizers contained in it do not fall into it. Therefore there are no burns. This also points to Mitleier.
• 15. Allows you to use more salted water.
• Frequent watering with the help of microcapels, allows you to use irrigation water with an increased salt content and not worry about the development of plants and yield. Frequent watering removes the surplus of salts on the "sideline" of the moistened volume of the soil.

Disadvantages of drip irrigation.

Due to the limited volume, the moistened soil, narrow passages of water in emitters and a huge amount necessary equipment, drip irrigation has some drawbacks.

- This is a rather practical method of shipping water directly to the root system of the plant, with a fairly clear control, which allows you to achieve maximum results with minimal water flow, fertilizer and other resources.

The drip irrigation system is not easy to do. You need to know the features of the design, installation and operation. But if you decide to make such a system on the plot you will not regret spending time and money.

The most apparent advantage of this method is water consumption.

IN modern world There is not one type of drip irrigation. The main elements in drip watering are drip ribbons, drip hoses, as well as separate droppers, due to which water consumption is limited in general terms. This scheme allows you to create an independent creation. irrigation system With the help of individual droppers. Each type of dropper is able to skip a certain amount of water per unit of time. As a rule, they are divided by water supply by 2.4 and 8 liters per hour of work. In this case, it is appropriate to build an irrigation system in such a way that the droppers are directly directly inserted into the plastic trunk tube (which is often used for the linear irrigation of plants) or from the plastic trunk tube make branches from a flexible and thin tube and a dropper is fixed to it. In this case, irrigation, adjustment of the amount of water is carried out using the desired number of droppers needed for the total irrigation of one plant per unit of time.

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Cleaning and saturation of water fertilizers

With drip watering prerequisite is the presence of a filter for purification of water. After cleaning, water falls into the root of the soil. At the same time, water clearly falls only in the area where the roots are located, and the space between the beds remains dry. Drip irrigation, mainly used for watering soils, which have a high degree of water permeability, in places where the complexity of watering is due to complex relief and in some cases where there is an acute deficiency of irrigation water. Also good indicators in the cultivation of fruit and vegetable crops can be achieved by applying it in any conditions, both in closed and in open systems. To do this, use water purified by mechanical filters. Generally drip system Irrigation is a method of watering the root zone of plants, the water to which is supplied with polyethylene pipes and emitters.

The main feature and dignity of drip irrigation is that the water supply is carried out exactly to each plant directly in the volume in which the plant needs, which also significantly reduces water consumption. Due to this, water and energy costs are significantly reduced (by about 15%) compared to traditional method glaze. In addition, minimizes the norms of enrichment mineral fertilizerswhich in this case are served directly into the root areas of the plants along with water. Drip watering method is very effective and economically justified and, which is important, environmentally friendly all types of gardens, vineyards, municipal crops and berries in different conditions open soil and in greenhouse conditions and in gardening areas. This type of irrigation makes it possible to engage in vegetable life even in those conditions where for some reason it would be impossible due to a lack of water resources.

The new watering method has led a fundamentally new fertilizer system. This procedure occurs with irrigation. Fertilizer's diet is now carefully calculated depending on the seasonal needs of plants. Since fertilizers are served with water, then there is no need to worry, whether the plant will receive the whole rate of its nutrient diet. Since with drip watering water falls directly into the land area with the root system, and not between the beds, fertilizing the weeds. The irrigation of this type not only helps to save, but less exposes the plants with diseases, as water does not fall on the leaves. Due to the fact that water must be submitted less, it is permissible to use water with a large content of mineralization than when sprinkling. This irrigation scheme provides compulsory regulation of the pH of the soil and the fight against pests. The irrigation of drip irrigation favorably affects the timing of ripening products, which is important when entering the market for early vegetables.

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Drip watering device

At the moment, the great many firms produces systems of this type and to highlight a specific manufacturer is not possible. Since there is a great set of indicators for which the system is selected for a specific area and for certain plants. The main indicators for which buyers are focused when choosing is the price and service life (for annual and perennial). Basically, the quality is mainly due to the price, since the more expensive the tape, the most likely, it will evenly irrigate and serve to serve (re-). To determine the costs, a watering scheme is necessary, which will be developed for a project for a particular site.

Drip irrigation is an extremely important tool in control, which, with proper operation, optimizes plants growth. All this is possible with a well-established design system and control. This main task is to carefully plan all the operation of the system. With incorrect work planning, the system or part of it may fail, which can lead to additional costs that will not be given by crop. Careful and timely execution of agrotechnological measures, during which work will be carried out on plant protection, soil fertilizer and plant care, - all involves the use of the most newest technologies, therefore, getting good harvest Perhaps when performing all conditions. For a good result, all work must be carried out in a timely and efficient, since drip irrigation is not protected from improper processing of soil and plant care.

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Water filtration and ecological side of the question

Another important point in the irrigation system, to which attention should be paid, is filter equipment of water, availability, quality and constructive features which dependely directly from the water supply source. For open sources (irrigation canals, rivers, ponds, water accumulators), gravel and sand filters are used for rough Cleaning, and disk for thin cleaningthat in combination gives good result. All this is connected equally - proportional to the degree of pollution of water, if the water is taken from the deep well, it may well have enough disk or conventional mesh filter. But before using this water, Her samples should be taken to the laboratory for analysis. Since water from the well may contain a great set of different salts and metals, which can in the future can lead to a dropping of dropper with salts of different kinds.

After the end of the irrigation season, the necessary disassembly and laying of all elements of the storage system are made. If the annual drip tape was used, then it is subjected to dismantling and removes from the field for further disposal. But it should be prescribed to disconnect the accessories that was used during the season for further repair so that the next season also apply it to the next season. It is important to take care of the environmental friendliness of this process, and at the end of the season and dismantling the equipment it is necessary to thoroughly clean the field from all polymer residues of drip ribbons and other waste. Insofar as polymer materials Do not decompose in the soil, then the next use of the Earth, it will still be necessary to clean the soil at the following.

For plants on panstone Moisture is needed. It will be better if it enters the roots constantly and in dosage quantities. To do this, there is a drip watering device. The difficulties with the installation of the system in the future are eliminated from severe and ineffective physical labor. This can be judged by numerous reviews of gardeners. Many suits such a liberation from heavy manual labor. In addition to watering, there are many other things in the country. It is tempting to replace difficult and pouring work to rest.

Types of fixtures and watering systems there are many. They can be made or assembled with their own hands, as well as attract specialists.

Pros and cons of drip irrigation

Drip water supply has many advantages.

1. The flow of water directly under the stem, which allows you to make fertilizers simultaneously with moisture.
2. Savings of working time and physical forces of the dacket. Introducing the system once, you can not engage in the entire season, do not engage in manual irrigation.
3. The elimination of the possibility of drying the soil. Its moisture is always enough for the necessary growth of plants.
4. The system is used for any plants, since it is universal.
5. Possibility of choice optimal option irrigation beds.

Of the disadvantages, it is possible to note the cost of components of the drip watering device: accessories, hoses, tapes, dosing water pump, filter, etc. The system must be constantly monitored, periodically delete contaminants, check the flow of water, the operation of the valves, etc. Installation is energy-dependent and requires constant availability of electricity.

Drip watering: device and principle of operation

The drip irrigation system delivers moisture directly to the roots, which saves water and prevent damage to the above-ground parts of the plants. Water slowly enters certain periods or continuously, which allows to maintain the specified level of soil moisture, which has a favorable effect on garden crops.

We make drip irrigation with your own hands: where to start?

At first, the diagram of drip irrigation is painted on paper, where all the watering points are indicated, the location of the water source and the container. The step is measured between the rows of plantations. On ready-made sizes, you can easily calculate the number of communications.

If the pump is installed, the place of its placement can be any, but when watering it, the container is set closer to plants.

Drip hoses or ribbons are laid on the bed. They are built on special drops of water supply to plants.

Before collecting a drip irrigation system, it is necessary that all components for watering. In the presence of experience, it is advisable to choose them yourself, since the watering sets are more expensive.

1. Water container - barrel or tank.
2. The main distribution collector for supplying water from which it is fed to the branches.
3. Drip hose or tape.
4. Valves connecting drip ribbons with collector.

Drip hoses

Hoses are sold in bays. Their feature is the feed of the same amount of water throughout the garden, even if the relief is uneven. The maximum length of irrigation is selected at the calculation so that the unevenness at the beginning and end of the hose does not exceed 10-15%. For one season on a drip watering of the garden, it is enough to use ribbons with a thickness of the wall from 0.1 to 0.3 mm. They are laid only on top.

Tolstone (up to 0.8 mm) will serve 3-4 seasons. They can also be used for underground gasket. The diameter of the tape is 12-22 mm (common size - 16 mm). Hard tubes serve up to 10 seasons. Their diameter is 14-25 mm.

Through one dropper, water consumption is:

• hose - 0.6-8 l / h;
• thin-walled tape - 0.25-2.9 l / h;
• tolstoyed tape - 2-8 l / h.

To regulate the flow rate to the hose or drip tape, a crane for drip irrigation is connected.

On average, 1 plant must take 1 liter of water per day, on the bushes - 5 liters, on a tree - 10 liters. The data are approximate, but to determine the general flow rate. To be more accurate when drip watering is produced, 1.5 liters are required for 1 bush, 2 liters are required for cucumbers, 2.5 liters for potatoes and cabbage. 20-25% of the reserve is added to the result and the desired volume of the tank is determined.

The distance between droppers depends on the frequency of planting plants and can be from 10 to 100 cm. Each of them has one or two outputs. Consumption can remain the same, but in the latter case the depth decreases and the area of \u200b\u200birrigation increases. Dropper-spiders with a distribution of up to 4 plants are installed on the bed of 4 rows.

Dropper

Droppers can be installed on plastic pipes. They are released several types:

• with fixed water consumption;
• adjustable - with manual adjustment of irrigation intensity;
• noncompensated - the intensity of water supply decreases by the end of the garden;
• compensated - with a membrane and a special valve, creating a constant pressure at pressure fluctuations in the water supply;
• type "Spider" - with a distribution of several plants.

Outdoor droppers are inserted into plastic pipewhich is pierced with seaw holes.

Filtration

Special attention is paid to cleaning irrigation water. First, coarse filtering is performed, and then thin. Dirty water Droppers are quickly clogged.

Appointment of fittings

The system can be simply assembled if you apply special fittings for drip irrigation.

1. Start connectors for attaching a drip ribbon to plastic water supply. They are made with a sealing elastic or a foggy nut. In the PND pipe, the holes with a centering spike tree drill and tightly inserted the start connectors with or without cranes. Water flow regulation is required if individual zones consume it less than others or for alternate watering of different sections.
2. Fittings for drip irrigation angular or in the form of tees are used to connect the ribbon to a flexible garden hose. They are also used for its branching or for turns. The planting places of fittings are made in the form of a rush, which provides a dense clipping of the tubes.
3. Repair fitting is applied in case of cliff or to lengthen the drip ribbon. With it, its ends are connected.
4. The plug is installed at the ends of the drip ribbon.

Montage of thin-walled ribbons

Planting plastic pipes are attached to the garden water supply with a diameter of 4 cm. This diameter is best suited for installing the start-connector - a special crane for drip irrigation, which serves to attach the perforated drip ribbon to the pipe.

It is made with a small thickness and is collected using fittings. Holes are performed at equal gaps. The drip ribbon is put on the tap with tension, and then additionally fixed with a plastic nut. At the ends of the sleeves, closed with plugs, searched or seduced.

The disadvantage is the low strength of the tape material, which is easily damaged by rodents and insects. For other indicators, the system shows itself only from a positive side.

Installation of a system with tubes and built-in droppers

The system is characterized by high strength and much greater durability. It consists of a hose, in which cylindrical droppers are built in equal gaps. The tube can be placed on the surface of the soil, attached on the stands, suspended on the wire or plunge into the ground.

Water under pressure is separated from the tank over the system and is smoothly distributed, moving from small holes. It is important that the tank is on top of the Earth's surface of 1-1.5 m. From the gardener, it is only required to fill it in a timely manner, after which the fluid comes to plants under the action of gravity.

How to water the cucumbers?

In industrial systems, drip irrigation cucumbers are produced with water supply to each plant. The depth of the root location is 15-20 cm and the tensiometers are installed to monitor humidity. For gardeners are appropriate tools made of plastic bottles. They are installed on the bottom or with a closed plug in the ground. The upper part should be open to filling with water.

1. The first way. The dropper is made from the used rod from the ballpoint handle. It is washed with a solvent from pasta residues and muffled with a match. At the end they make a puncture in half the rod thickness. The homemade dropper is inserted into the puncture, made from the bottom of the bottle at an altitude of 15-20 cm. Then the containers are filled with water and installed near the bushes so that the moisture falls on the root.
2. The second way. In the bottle make holes at the entire height, retreating from the bottom to 3-5 cm. Then they are buried down to a depth of 20 cm. The plug is unscrewed and the capacity of water is filled through the upper part. A bottle can be buried down, pre-cutting a bottom, through which it is further convenient to fill it with water. So that the holes are not clogged with the earth, the bottles outside are wrapped with a needle-free cloth used as a covering material of greenhouses.
3. Third way. Bottles filled with water can be swallowed above the ground, punctures of the hole in the lid.

Bottle drip watering cucumbers is convenient due to efficiency, since there is no need to spend money on materials. The disadvantage is the complexity of the installation on large squares. The process of filling with water - troublesome, and the holes are often clogged with soil. Despite this, you can make sure the advantages of the drip method. Reviews say that in small greenhouses it is quite effective.

Full watering of cucumbers in large greenhouses is more convenient to produce through a centralized system with branded droppers.

Drip Watering Devices: Automation

Auto park requires funds to equipment, but as a result, much time will be saved and the crop compensates for the costs. The most important component of the system is the controller or timer that do not require human participation. The latter is given only the frequency and duration is electromechanical or electric. The controller can be asked for a watering program where the pressure in the system is taken into account, the cycles of watering are given by day and the humidity and temperature are taken into account.

For simple systems, the drip irrigation circuit provides for the presence of a single-channel device, and in a complex circuit, the number of channels may be required more. If you judge reviews, experienced gardens prefer to apply a few simple timers working on individual programs.

In order not to depend on the energy source, it is advisable to purchase devices that run from several finger batteries.

Automatic drip watering from the water supply often requires the presence of a pump. Its power must comply with consumption. The mechanism should be simple, not very noisy and resistant to chemical compounds that are often used in the system as fertilizers.

Conclusion

Despite the fact that the surface irrigation is most common, the absence of the conditions conducive to it, the lack of water and energy savings lead to the need to apply this or that device of drip irrigation. The choice of climate, landscape, species of cultivated crops and other factors.

It is important to properly design and mount the drip irrigation system to reduce the likelihood of failures and not spend time on repair and maintenance work.