An apple tree for many years, decades and centuries were favorite plants on panstones. In the spring and summer, they decorated the space with their appearance, and the autumn gave a delicious and abundant harvest of fragrant apples. And today they are definitely sitting in the gardens and dumart sites. Any owner is trying to grow at least one apple tree.

Apple tree requires constant care and attention

But, like any other useful plant, apple tree has many enemies. For this reason, it requires constant care and protection. It is possible to grow a healthy tree and get the harvest of apples only with the knowledge of diseases, the ability if necessary, to prepare a "medicine" and carry out effective treatment.

The apple tree is subject to a sufficiently large number of different diseases. All of them have characteristic signs for which they can be identified. It is worth considering the main list of diseases and malicious lesions, bring their description and photo depicting the most bright signs. It is equally important to find out the causes and key ways to treat an apple tree from each "sore".

General characteristics and classification of basic apple trees

The list of the most common and dangerous apple trees includes:

1. Fungal lesions.
2. Cancer diseases.
3. Diseases caused by bacteria.

Diseases of a fungal apple tree:

• Scab;
• Rosa torment;
• Cytosporosis;
• Monylize.

Main ways to counter and combat diseases:

Spraying apple crown with special solution

1. Spraying the crown with special organic and inorganic solutions.
2. Soil processing around the trunk.
3. Tree care - removal of old, amazed and unnecessary branches; Avoiding major lesions of the bark and branches; Timely harvest; carrying out activities on pruning and forming; protection against insects and adverse climatic factors; Providing in due quantity with water, nutrients.

Standard preparations can be used for treatment that are widely used to treat other plants. So, help an apple tree from fungal lesions can be treated with burgundy liquid, which is actively used in the treatment of other fruit plants. It is prepared by mixing, and dissolving in 10 liters of water lime and copper sulfate, 300 grams of each component.

A colloidal sulfur solution is a solution of colloidal sulfur, which is divorced by adding and stirring 80 grams 70% concentrate in 10 liters of water.

Copper cunery is widely used to treat apple trees

The copper sulfate solution is obtained by adding 2 liters of water 2 tablespoons of copper sulfate and 1 tablespoon of liquid soap without flavors. With cytospose in 10 liters of water, 40 grams of vitriol are diluted. There are also "specific" drugs that are intended and used exclusively to assist apple trees.

With any lesions, a quarantine car care is made. It implies the operational removal of all the amazed organic elements of the plant (foliage, branches, bark, fruits, etc.) and their burning on a significant distance from an apple trees growth places. In addition, special attention should be paid to the preparation of the tool used when careing. Knives, secantors and other items should be disinfected before use, and after use. It is especially important not to use an unprocessed tool on a healthy tree, after contact with a frowning plant.

Parsha: Description and Fighting

As already mentioned above, the passage is a fungal disease. The reasons for its occurrence can be:

• excessive level of humidity;
• high density of branches and greenery of a plant that reduces the level of ventilation of the crown of the tree;
• long periods of precipitation, especially in the spring period.

Parsha initially affects the leaves where it turns out to be fruit. The disease is spreading through disputes with wind or water drops.

Fruits apple trees hit

1. The appearance of greenish-brown or olive-brown spots on the "back" side of the leaves.
2. In the fruits, the passage is manifested in the form of brown spots of varying degrees of color intensity. They have a small size, but numerous in quantity. The affected areas of the apple on the texture resemble the Kiwi peel. Apples crack and begin to rot.

Measures of struggle and treatment:

1. Autumn I. spring treatment urea (0.5 kg per 10 liters of water). On one adult tree It is necessary to use about 5 liters of solution.
2. Use of copper chloroksi in the calculation - 40 grams per 10 liters. Processing is performed in two stages: in early spring Before the start of the flowering period, after the completion of the fruits.
3. Spraying crown burgundy liquid.
4. Processing with special fungicides. Their number includes "Phytosporin M", "Horus" and others. Application is carried out in accordance with the instructions on the use of each specific drug.
5. Extreme treatment with mineral fertilizers. In case of illness, a solution of 15% of potash salt, 10% ammonium nitrate, 15% of potassium nitrate, 10% ammonium sulfate are used. Their use is effectively as a preventive measure, but in this case the concentration is reduced. At the same time, such activities will fulfill the feeding function, as the plant is strengthened and increased resistance to fungus.
6. Holding preventive Mereducation to remove old and damaged branches.

Rosa Puffy: Description and means of struggle

This fungal disease is striking young shoots, leaves and inflorescences. The reason for the appearance of this lesion is excessive humidity of soil and air. Description of characteristic features and photos:

1. Appearance of plaque white colorWhich over time acquires dirty and white, brown or brown color.
2. The leaves and the ovary are twisted, acquire yellow painting, dry and fall. Amazed young shoots stop growing and developing.
3. In the launched stages, black stains of small size appear everywhere.

In the initial stages of the disease white flag It is easily removed, but as it is developed, it becomes more dense and "ead." Rosa powdery requires operational intervention for treatment, so leads to a decrease in crop volumes. In the running stages, the number of apples on the tree can be reduced to 50% of the usual volume.

The fungus is resistant to low temperatures, in winter it is safely experiencing unfavorable conditions in the kidneys of amazed shoots. The disease leads to a decrease in the indicators of the winter hardiness of the apple tree itself. Counter and treatment:

1. As a spraying agent, colloidal sulfur solutions, copper sulfate or 1% burglar fluid are used. Events are conducted in early spring, during the period when the first leaves bloom. At this time there are 2-3 spraying. After as necessary, the processing is performed 2-3 times every 10-14 days.
2. The use of special fungicidal preparations, such as the "Sump" and "Topaz". They are used in accordance with the instructions in the instructions. Typically, treatment is produced with spring activation of the vital processes of the plant. Total is carried out up to 4 treatments for the season, although it is necessary to take into account the degree of lesion and the results of treatment. Greblocks of mildew has quite high resistance, so it is worth watching the cured plant very closely, since the cases of relapses, if on the tree or next to it, remained amazed Organic remnants.

Ordinary Cancer: Description and Fighting Tools

It belongs to the most severe types of apple trees, which are practically not amenable to treatment.

Ordinary cancer ruins apple tree and leads to her death

Cancer becomes frequent cause Full destruction of the tree. Reasons can serve:

1. Adverse weather conditions in the form of long periods of excessive cold or intensive heat.
2. Applying a tree of serious damage, by illiterate and excessive removal of branches without subsequent special processing of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

It develops by damage to the trunk and powerful basic-forming branches. Description of characteristic features and photos:

1. Cracks on the trunk and branches.
2. Education of growths.
3. Demunning branches.

1. Competent care at all stages of apple tree growth.
2. Removing the affected branches.
3. Cutting the crust around the affected areas on large branches and trunk.
4. Processing with antiseptic preparations.
5. Magnifying places of remote lesions of the Garden Varier. It is important that in it is not contained rosin and oil.

Black Cancer: Description Tools

Another kind of severe damage to the trunk, large branches and bark. Adult fruiting trees are sick. The disease can be rapidly progress.

Black cancer leads to an apple tree drying

Most often leads to the drying and death of the plant. Causes can serve:

1. Weakening of the tree as a result of abundant fruiting.
2. Disembarking on thin soils, with excessive moisture content in the soil.
3. Strong damage to the bark, barrel or branches.

Description of characteristic features and photos:

1. The appearance on the trunk and branches of black or brown spots is possible - a black plaque resembling sand.
2. Education on the trunk, 30-40 cm from the surface, rotting areas. Previously in these places the bark is black, cracks, moves and disappears. Some gardeners indicate the appearance of a white-shaped plaque, but it is not a characteristic feature of the disease. Perhaps a combination of signs of several diseases at once in one place.
3. Numerous black dots appear around the ulcers and the amazed sections of the trunk. This dispute causes cancer - picnide mushrooms.

Preventive and therapeutic measures:

1. Removing the affected branches.
2. Stripping the striking areas before healthy wood with the removal of the bark and the "capture" of healthy sections by 1-2 cm.
3. Treatment of all sections of sections and processed wounds of 3% copper sulfate solution (10-20 grams per liter of water).
4. After treatment with a solution, painting defeat places oil paint Based on Olifai.

The specified method is unlikely to save the tree, since the disease is difficult to treat. But such measures will reduce the intensity of the development of the defeat.

There were cases when the strong and crumbled tree "on their own" healled the amazed sections of the bark. But such cases are rare and one.

Cytosporosis: description and means of struggle

Cytosporosis refers to dangerous fungal diseases affecting the bark of trees. Causes can serve:

1. Violation of regular irrigation regimes and non-compliance with the volume of apple trees.
2. Low soil quality.
3. Lack of nutrient and mineral substances.
4. Serious damage to the bark.

Description of the characteristic signs of cytospose and photo:

Cytosporosis of the apple tree is manifested by the appearance of black or dark gray color

1. The appearance of ulcers on the trunk, branches and shoots. They have a black or dark gray color.
2. The disease progresses the expansion of the ulcers on the surface of the crust and deep into the plant tissues. In addition, new ulcers appear not far from the existing defeats.
3. The bark pecks and dies, fading and dying shoots.
4. Without treatment measures, the tree dies.

Preventive and therapeutic measures during cytospose:

1. Avoid mechanical damage to the crust. In the case of their presence to process with oil or garden bora.
2. The use of fungicides. It is recommended to spray the drug "Hom". Processing is performed during the period early springWhen the kidneys swell. In 10 liters of water divorces 40 grams of the drug.
3. Using copper mood. Processing is made in the period before the start of flowering.
4. Autumn feeding fertilizers containing potassium and phosphorus.

The success of treatment during cytospose depends on the detection time. The heavier defeat, the more difficult to save the plant.

Moniliosis: description and means of struggle

Another kind of fungal lesion. The causes are damaged of the cortex, through the wounds in which moniliosis is infected. Disputes spread with wind or insects. The development of the disease begins during the flowering period. The description of the characteristic features and photos:

1. The affected leaves and inflorescences acquire a brown color. Subsequently, their fading and death occurs.
2. In the fruits, brown spots appear, which gradually covers the entire surface of the apples.
3. After 1-2 weeks after the defeat on the fruits, the pads of yellowish color appear.
4. The flesh of the ripening fruit softens and acquires a brown color.
5. Apples hit by monillasis have a sweet taste with alcohol notes.
6. Apples may fall or stay hanging in a mummy form on a tree throughout the winter. They winter the fungus in the form of mycelium.

Monylize is distributed in Russia. The trees in the north-west, central, Ural, Altai, Siberian and Caucasian regions are subject to a particularly massive damage. The defeat in some areas can reach 100% of the indicator. The main consequence of the disease is the premature rotation of the fruits, which leads to serious reductions in yield. Prophilactic and therapeutic measures:

1. Collection and destruction of amazed fruits. Their cleaning from the tree before the winter onset.
2. Circumcision of patients of shoots and branches.
3. Fungicide treatment. It is often indicated by the drug "Hom". Processing it is produced 2 times: during the formation of the leaves and after the completion of flowering.
4. Spraying places of focal lesions of 5% urea solution.
5. Competent formation of crowns, preventing excessive thickening.
6. Selection of ventilated areas for apple trees.
7. Selection of resistant varieties. Conducting measures to attract a sustainable lead to a vulnerable pride.
8. Systematic soil resistance in rolling circles.
9. Compliance with optimal distances between plants.
10. Destruction of pest insects, possible carriers of infection.

Bacteriosis or bacterial burn: description and means of struggle

Disease pathogen - gram-negative bacteria. Bacteriosis The main reason for the appeal of flowers in an apple tree. Bacterry affects an apple tree of any age. The source of distribution in the gardens is the landing of new cuttings or seedlings already affected by bacteriosis. The causes of the lesion can be:

1. Heat.
2. Warm summer rains.

Description of characteristic features and photos:

Apple tree leaves infected with bacteriosis

1. The main feature is the formation of black spots on the whole tree.
2. Branches and shoots are affected by watery spots, dark color.
3. Leaves acquire charred or burnt appearance. Subsequently, they begin to curl and bend. All the affected foliage remains on the branches and does not fall.
4. Flowers acquire dark brown color and fall.
5. Apples acquire a dark tint and stop in maturation.

Preventive and therapeutic measures:

Another fungal disease, affecting branches, shoots and foliage. The defeat of this basidial fungus leads to the gradual death of the apple tree. The causes of the lesion can be:

The lack of competent irrigation of the apple tree can cause the milk brilliance

1. Insufficient receipt in the branch and leaves of the plant of minerals.
2. Defeat by strong crust frosts.
3. Lack of competent and timely irrigation.
4. Landing seedlings on wet soils in low-rise areas.

Description of characteristic features and photos:

1. The affected areas acquire silver-dairy with a pronounced pearl tint.
2. Branches lose the opportunity to reproduce the fruits.
3. Within 2-3 seasons, the branches are gradually dried and fall.
4. Apples are creepy.
5. The defeat is manifested in the middle of summer.

Preventive and therapeutic measures:

1. Timely and systematic fertilization.
2. Pruning and disposal of branches. Processing of pruning places with 1% copper sulfate solution with processing garden water.
3. Tempets Stamma in autumn and at the end of winter.

Description of other lesions

Fruit rot is not an independent disease. Such lesions cause other apple trees or illiterate care. As can be seen from the name, the fruit is striking exclusively. The countering means is operational removal, combustion or disposal of rotten apples at a considerable distance from the apple tree.

An hard-effective disease is the root cancer. It manifests itself in education on the roots of an apple tree growth. Most often, the cancer damage to the root system occurs when the plant in the soil of improper quality.

Determined only during transplantation, that is, when the tree is digging. To counteract the root cancer, digging, neat removal of growths. It is very important to replace the soil, since the causative agent of cancer is able to be painlessly in the ground for a long time.

Root cancer leads to a decrease in admission nutrients And moisture in the tree, which affects its growth and harvest. This disease leads to a general decrease in immunity and resistance to "superficial" lesions.

Grow an apple tree in the country is much more difficult than it may seem at first glance. To remove regularly good harvest, it is necessary to care for fruit trees, know the main diseases of the apple tree and their treatment. It is about the diseases of the apple trees, their leaves and methods of treatment will be discussed in this material.

Did you know? Apple tree belong to the genus of deciduous trees and shrubs of the family of pink. Presumably, the Motherland of the Tree is Central Asia, but in a wild form you can meet almost all of Europe. There are no less than 36 species in the family, but the apple tree is considered the most common. Other types of type: cultural, creamy, chinese, low. The species number at least 7.5 thousand varieties that are cultivated by thousands of years.

Puffy dew: how to determine the disease, methods of treating apple

This fungal disease is one of the most common in the gardens, gardens and flower beds. Puffy dew on an apple tree is striking a bark, leaves, kidneys and tree shoots. First, a dirty white flare is formed on them, which then changes the color to the brown, dark points appear. The leaves on the tree begin to shut up, dry and fall out, the new shoots do not grow, and the tree does not have enough strength for fruiting.
If you do not notice and do not take care of therapeutic activities in time, the mushroom will resume its activities in the spring. It easily tolerate frosts, persistent in various parts of the tree. Therefore, treatment, as well as prevention, must begin in the spring. The tree is treated with a solution of special preparations, for example, the "speed" or "topaz" at the rate of 2 ml per 10 liter of water. And after the flowering of the tree, it is sprayed with a solution of chlorocycy copper - 40 g per 10 liters of water. You can use the drug "Hom".

Important! After removing the crop it is worth continuing the fight against the fungus, spraying the tree by bordrock with a liquid (1%) or a solution of liquid soap and copper sulphate (on the water bucket 20 g and 50 g, respectively).

Funds and methods of dealing with a pair

One of those diseases of the apple tree that affects the leaves of a tree. Also can completely suffer seedlings. If you do not take urgent measures, frozen and flowers are affected. You can diagnose this disease in a light green, and then an olive-brown olive flap on the leaves. Because of it, the leaves dry and fall. When the disease amazes fruit, they cannot flow: cracks and stains on their skin deform the apple and slow down its growth. The fungus is activated during crude weather, when rains often come, there are abundant dews and fogs. Moreover, the fungnya easily transfers freezing, persistent in the leaving of the tree.

Did you know? In order not to suffer with the prevention and treatment of this disease, it is possible to plant an apple tree resistant to this disease. These include varieties of Jonathan, Pepin Safrana, Antonovka and others.

Effectively and for a long time to eliminate the pass on an apple tree, finishing the tree three times per season burgundy liquid (4%). The first time the procedure is carried out in spring as soon as the kidneys begin to bloom. If this moment was missed, it is permissible to spray during the bootonization period, but already 1% liquid. For the preparation of the solution, water bucket and 400 g of the drug are needed. For the second time, the processing of the fungicide should be carried out immediately after the apple tree has played away. The third is carried out in two or three weeks. If the tree condition is very deplorable, you can increase the number of treatments twice the season.

Important! Choosing a suitable drug, do not hurry to process them all the tree. First, check its action on several branches. So you can save the apple tree from burns.

Such drugs as "Zircon", "Sighter" "Vectra", "Topaz" have proven perfectly. They will help in the struggle not only with a pair, but also with other diseases. As preventive measures, do not forget to clean and burn fallen leaves in the fall, as well as drain the land around the tree trunk.

How to cure an apple tree from fruit rot (monilion)

The disease is activated at the end of summer, when the fruits begin to divert. They first appear small spots of brown color, which are relatively quickly growing and covered with all apple. It becomes soft and inedible.

Among all diseases of the apple and methods of combating them fruit It is considered the most problematic.It is almost impossible to reveal at the initial stage, it appears already during the period of fruiting and rapidly covers the entire harvest.
It is impossible to deal with the disease at the active stage of development, but preventive measures are effective - the spraying of the tree with the drug "Hom" or to it. It is diluted in the proportions of 40 g on the water bucket and spray in spring during the appearance of young leaves. The second time to spend this procedure is necessary after the apple tree is wondering. It is necessary to spray at the rate of 5-6 liters per adult tree and 2 liters per young.

Fighting bacterial burns

If you have suddenly found brown leaves on the apple tree, which over time it is black, dried, change the form, most likely, your apple has bacterial burns. The disease is entered into the garden most often through seedlings and cuttings, purchased in unverified stores or taken as a gift from acquaintances, neighbors. Subsequently, they can lead to the death of planting material, as well as damage to the crop on adult trees - apples rot on trees, but do not fall.

The only effective way to combat the disease is prevention.To prevent it, buy seedlings and cuttings only in proven places, carefully studying them for the absence of diseases. In time, engage in the fight against pests in the garden. They are pedestriating diseases. Working with the tool, always wash and handle it after manipulations on suspicious trees.
To prevent the apple trees on the crust, leaves, fruits and not worry about their treatment, spend the disinfection of soil in the garden on time. For this prepare a solution of copper sulfate, which water soil (on the water bucket 60 g). The trees themselves should be treated with the drug "Hom" in the above proportions.

Important! You can get rid of the detected disease, only completely destroying the foci. All sections on trees should be smeared with a garden boiler or 1% copper sulfate solution.

How to protect an apple tree from cytospose

Cytosporosis is a fungal disease that affects the bark of trees. It first appears dark color ulcers, which over time increase in size and penetrate the barrel by changing their color. For extensive cytospose, large brown-red ulcers are characterized, around which the tree bark gradually dies, dropping together with branches. If apple tree is not treated, she will soon die.The situation is aggravated by poor soils, improper care and watering wood.

For the treatment of the disease, spraying with the drug "Hom" in the spring, when the kidneys on the apple tree begin to swell. For the procedure it is necessary to pick up a warm and doubt day. The second time the tree is treated with a solution of copper mood in front of the blossom. The third processing is carried out immediately after the end of flowering the same "homom". On the eve of the winter, the strains of large trees need to be whitewashed, and the apple trees themselves feed with phosphorus or potassium.

For treatment, such methods are used. Cropped affected branches, wounds cleaned with a sterile tool, removing up to 2 cm of healthy fabric. Slices are treated with 3% copper vitriol and smeared with garden mortar. If there is a hollow on the tree, they should also be treated. Remote affected parts of the tree are assembled and burned. Every two or three weeks, the processed areas must be checked to make sure in the absence of relapse. Processing the lime of the trunk is necessary not only in the fall, but also in the spring.

Description of the Milky Brilliance, how to cure an apple tree from this disease

Many people think that the Milky Glitter strikes the trunk of an apple tree. But in fact, the disease begins with leaves and gradually affects the bark. If you have noticed that the leaves are yellowing from the apple tree, then bubble with white-silver stripes and creep, probably this is the consequence of the destruction of the tree by the milky glitter. Dark spots appear on the crust and trunk in the launched version. The tree very quickly loses its strength and dies.

In almost every garden there is an apple tree. Any dachank knows what the tree needs special careotherwise good yields do not see. Unfortunately, apple trees are susceptible to diseases more often than other cultures.

Preventive treatments do not always help and the tree falls around. It is necessary to start treatment immediately, but for this it is necessary to deal with what a fault will have to face.

What caused the diseases of the apple trees: general characteristics and ways of struggle

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to figure out than the disease is caused. All kinds of diseases on the apple trees can be divided into three groups:

. fungal;

. bacterial;

. Cancer.

Treatment of these diseases is significantly different. But whatever actions did not hit the tree, it is necessary to remove all sore parts of the plant in time: leaves, bark, branches and burn all the garbage. It will suspend the spread of the disease on healthy parts of the tree.

Treatment of fungal diseases It begins with spraying the crown and the priority circle of wood with organic and chemicals. The most effective are borodic liquid, copper vigorous and colloid sulfur. Prepare a solution for processing in the following recipes:

Bordeaux liquid 3%. On 10 liters of water, it will take 300 grams of copper mood and 300 grams of lime.

A solution of copper sulphate. 12 liters of water take 2 tbsp. l. copper mood and 1 tbsp. l. Liquid soap without flavoring. You can grasp the economic soap.

Sulfur solution. 80 GG of colloidal sulfur (concentration of 70%) dilute in 10 liters of water.

Spraying is carried out at the first signs of the disease. However, 3% burglar liquid apply only in spring and autumn. IN summer period Trees spray with 1% solution. For its preparation, the number of drugs reduce.

Bacterial and cancer cure very difficult. Even if the disease is retreating, it is no longer used to shove the disease. In some cases, treatment does not give results and has to cake a seedlove. To secure the garden from insidious diseases, use only a healthy planting material with proven nurseries. Always disinfect tools before and after work, otherwise the rice of infection of a healthy tree increases.

Fungal diseases apple trees: description, photos and ways to fight

Most often trees in the garden are amazed by fungal diseases that can be prevented by preventive treatment.

Puffy dew;

Parsha on an apple tree: symptoms and struggle

It is important to understand that trees are striking in the conditions of high humidity, especially in the spring. If there is too much precipitation, then you should not wait for the appearance of ailment, immediately proceed to prophylactic treatments.

Another reason for infection is a thickened crown of a tree. Sleep the crown on time, cut the branches growing inside.

Recognize a disease simply. A pair of leaves begins on the leaves, after which it turns to the fruit. The pathogen is spread by the wind.

Symptoms of the disease:

1. The leaves are covered with brown spots, which over time acquire olive color.

2. Spots turn to the fruit, at first they are small. With increasing fruit, stains increase in size, merge. Apples crack and rot.

Prevention of the disease is carried out in autumn and early spring. The tree is well sprayed with a solution of urea. After the harvest has faced, the processing of copper chlorokis. The solution is prepared from 40 grams of the drug and 10 liters of water.

If the disease has already begun, the crown is treated with burgundy liquid. In the launched cases, a solution of phytoosporin or drug "Horus" is used.

Tip! As prophylaxis, has proven itself well extra-green subcords Mineral fertilizers.

Puffy dew: description and photo

Puffy dew amazes young leaflets and inflorescences, after which it spreads throughout the wood. The cause of the disease is increased humidity Air and low temperature, especially at night.

Symptoms:

1. Young leaves and inflorescences are covered with a white felt flare, which over time changes the color and becomes brown or brown.

2. The leaves on the apple tree are gradually yellow and dry, fall out.

3. The trunk is covered with black dots.

Treatment must be started immediately, since the disease is difficult at the last stages. Without treatment, most of the crop suffers, the winter hardiness of the plant is reduced.

Preventive treatment is starting early in spring as soon as the kidney swells, which is very important. Used burglar liquid, colloidal sulfur or copper sulfate solution. After that, the spraying is carried out 2-3 times, the interval between processings for 3 weeks.

At the first signs of the disease, a spraying of fungicides is carried out: "Sorrow" or "Topaz". Processing is carried out 4 times in the season.

Puffy dew is very cunning, so after a disease, the tree regularly needs to be inspected and if necessary, repeat the course of preventive procedures.

Cytospose: symptoms and treatment

The disease is striking the bark of a tree and quickly progresses. It occurs mainly on the poor and too heavy soils as a result of poor care and irregular watering.

Symptoms:

1. In some sections of the cortex, dark color ulcers appear, after which they increase in size, become red-brown.

2. The affected area of \u200b\u200bthe cortex dies along with a closely located branch.

To stop the disease, all the affected areas need to cut, the bark is well cleaned. If you neglect this measure, the cytosporosis will destroy the tree from the inside.

Barrels are carried out as prophylactic measures in spring and autumn, spray the crown with copper vitrios.

Tip! Do not forget to feed the apple tree with mineral fertilizers, improve the composition of the soil, and the disease will not appear on your site.

Monylize: Description and methods of treatment

The disease appears during the crop maturation and affects the fruits.

Symptoms:

1. Apples are covered by spots of brown color.

2. Fruits are completely amazed by rot, the disease captures healthy apples.

At the first signs of the disease, all the affected fruits are removed, the rolling circle of tree is dripping. Be sure to remove the Padalitsa - this is a source of infection.

As the prevention of the disease in the spring, a spraying of a beard 3% liquid is carried out, as soon as the kidneys dissolve. During the growing season, processing is made with 1% solution with an interval of 15 days.

Bacterial diseases apple trees: photos, symptoms and prevention

Bacterial diseases are very dangerous, without treatment, the tree can die in a short time.

Bacterial burn

The infection affects all the organs of the plant, especially young shoots and leaves. Without treatment after 30 days, a sapling dies. The disease begins early in spring. Warm and wet weather promotes the spread of infection. The first signs of the disease are clearly visible after flowering.

Symptoms:

1. Patients are watery, faded and fall.

2. Fruits are covered with oily black and brown spots, cease to develop.

3. The tree looks burnt.

Treatment of bacterial burn does not give results, it will have to get rid of the saplings. Carefully monitor the condition of the tree during the growing season, spend all the necessary care activities.

Rust: Symptoms and methods of treatment

Infection affects apple leaves and rarely fruit. It is developing mainly in July, the tree stops developing, dries, an early leaf fall occurs. Yield is sharply reduced.

Symptoms:

1. On the upper side of the leaves, black dots are noticeable.

2. The bottom side is covered with downtown growths.

All affected leaves and fruits need to be removed. If the tree branch is affected, then it is removed along with a piece of healthy fabric. The sore tree is treated with 1% burglar liquid every 10 days.

As a prevention in the spring, before the start of the blown of the kidneys, all the old wounds are cleaned, handle the copper vitriol and smear the garden harr.

Tip! Do not grow in the garden juniper. This plant contributes to the spread of infection. If he grow, then dig it and reap the site.

Cancer diseases apple trees: description, photos and methods of treatment

Cancer diseases are very dangerous, they affect all the organs of the tree, rapidly progress, poorly treatable.

Black cancer

The disease is striking trees over 20 years old, young seedlings are not susceptible to death. Promotes the spread of the disease Wet weather in the spring. Even after the recovery of the tree, there is no confidence that the ailment will not return again. Black cancer is returned even several years later.

Symptoms:

1. Leaves are covered with black spots.

2. Fruits black and disappear.

3. The crust cracks and swells.

As prevention, the tables are placed twice a year. If the disease nuts surprise, then all the affected fruits, shoots and sections of the crust are removed. Clean the wounds, processed with copper vitrios and smear.

Root cancer apple trees

The disease is formed on the roots of the plant. Fits through rings and cracks.

Symptoms:

1. Solid growths are formed on the roots.

2. The root system ceases to develop normally, the central root is affected by cancer.

Treatment is very complex. All the root growths need to be cut off, after which it is to disinfect the seedling in the copper sulphate solution.

The disease is very cunning, as falling into the soil, cancer cells live there for many years and are waiting in the wings. Carefully choose seedlings, well prepare the ground to land.

This is not all the diseases of the apple tree faced with gardeners. Carefully follow the trees in the garden, do not neglect the prevention and correctly take care of the seedlings.

Each gardener knows that the head of the threat in the cultivation of any plants is diseases and various pests. Because of them, often not only disappears the harvest, but also the plants themselves die, and the apple tree is no exception. To get a good harvest and rejoice in the taste of my own grown apples as long as possible, you need to protect the tree from the misfortune. And if troubles are no longer avoided, then you need to know which kinds of diseases exist and how to get rid of them.

This article describes in detail the diseases and pests that can affect your apple trees are presented with bright photos that will help figure out what your trees are damaged. The methods of treating diseases and pest protection are described.

Description of diseases and means of combating them

Another unpleasant feature will be that this fungus does not die at low temperatures, that is, if it does not get rid of the disease on time, then for the time of winter it can hide in the affected areas and calmly wait for the cold period.

The infection is very easy to determine, at the initial stage on the leaves, shoots or fruits, a mild ripping gray or dirty-white color appears, which, if desired, can be easily removed. But in later periods, the stains become brown with black dots, the leaves begin to twist and turn yellow, and the young shoots are also dying. The danger of fungus is that because of it, up to 50 percent of the crop or all the tree as a whole

.

Cure martherny Dew It is very difficult, because the fungus skillfully hides in foliage and every year it can appear again and again, so it is necessary to pay attention to preventive measures.

• Fungicide "Topaz" perfectly copes with a prophylactic taskIn order to prevent the appearance of the disease, it is recommended to conduct 4 spraying per season, the first processing should be carried out in spring before flowering, the second after flowering, then after the formation of fruits, and the last after harvesting.
• To avoid disease, you need to monitor the level of humidity, and prevent unnecessary indicators.
• If the fungus is still formed, then it is necessary to process with a solution of colloidal sulfur in front of the tree flowering. The first application should be when buds begin, the second immediately after flowering, and the third two weeks after the second use.
• After harvesting, it is necessary to spray a tree with 1% burgundy liquid or a solution of copper mood.
• All damaged areas are mandatory It is necessary to remove from the tree and burn.

Parsha is a fungus that spreads disputes with water drops, rainy weather is considered an ideal condition for breeding. The disease is expressed in a raise on the leaves, in later stages on the apples themselves, black spots and cracks appear through which the fungus penetrates the fetus and causes rotting. Under the influence of the paste, the leaves also appear, but other systems are not damaged and the tree continues to grow.

To combat the passage it is necessary to conduct the following activities:

• For prevention before wintering, you need to remove all dried branches and leaves. And in the spring to produce biofuganichide treatment.
• With the appearance of Parsh, the following fungicides help: Gamiir, Chorus, Citooflavin, processing plants before and after flowering.
• Can be used mineral fertilizersthat are used and as an extraordinary feeder. The main thing is to keep the high concentration of all components so that the actions are more efficient.

It occurs if the tree is affected by a pair or fruit. The rot is manifested only on the fruits, and does not touch the entire apple tree as a whole, the wet environment is considered the most favorable for the development of the disease. Monilion is not afraid of cold weather and calmly transfers them on infected fruits.

In the initial stages, on the fruits there are spots of brown color, which gradually grow out all over the area, the apple becomes soft and unsuitable for consumption. Healthy fruits can be infected through contact with patients. I also want to note that the rot can manifest itself not immediately, but gradually appeared on the already collected fruits

.

To get rid of fruit rot, you need:

Corn Disease - Cytospose

It occurs most often due to irregular watering or poor soil. This disease amazes the bark of the tree, in most cases the focus of the defeat serve those areas that have mechanical damage.

It is very important to immediately begin to take measures to save the tree, because the disease is expressed in the appearance of ulcers that are very quickly progressing, becoming deeper and more in size. If the branches are affected, they simply disappear, but if the cytospose got to the tree trunk, then it may die

.

For the prevention of the disease, you need:

• Before wintering to feed treespotash and phosphorus-containing fertilizers.
• Places where bark damage was discovered Or sections of sections, it is necessary to process the antifungal agent or a solution of olifa.
• If there is still an infection, it must be cured in the early stages. Before swelling the kidneys and after flowering, it is necessary to treat the wood with the drug "HOW", but before flowering it is appropriate to use the copper sulfate.

The reason for the appearance of this disease is too high ambient And frequent warm rains. The causative agent is the bacteria gram-negative sticks. The lesion begins on the top of the tree and gradually goes into the lower part. Most often, young trees are exposed to, which are in the flowering phase, and because of the burn apple tree can lose the fruitful flowers.

Branches and shoots are covered with dark, watery spots, but the foliage looks burnt and starts involuntarily to twist, that is why the disease and received its name. If there are damage to flowers, they change their color and disappear. Extremely rarely disease can spread to ripening fruits that are immediately acquired dark colorBut continue to stay on the tree.

To combat the disease you need:

• As prophylaxis, it is necessary to produce aptive actions, for example, it is possible to regularly spray the tree burglar liquid. Such an event will make an apple tree more resistant to different diseases.
• Need necessarily disinfect the soilFor these purposes, a solution of copper sulfate can be suitable.
• From infected wood you need to remove all sore branches And to disinfect all sections of sections, in this case the disease is unlikely to be able to progress.
• So as not to distribute pathogenic bacteria, cut parts of trees need to burn.

The disease begins to develop on the leaves and shoots and gradually passes on the branches and trunk of the tree. The reason for the appearance can serve as a shortage of minerals, late watering and freezing of tree bark. At the initial stage, the apple leaves acquire an unusual silver hue and peculiar holes appear on them. When spreading the Milky Glitter goes to the branches and tree trunk, which also acquire an unnatural white color.

To combat the disease you need:

• To avoid the appearance of Milky shine, it is necessary to carefully prepare a tree by winter And fertilize the soil so that it remains nutritious as long as possible.
• Autumn and spring plant plants Special paint or solutions.
• The best apple tree processing will be 2% solution of lime milk.
• Be sure to follow the quality of wateringYou can not allow soil drying.
• If you detect patients, they need to be removed and cutting sections 1% copper vitrios. If the bark of the tree trunk bark occurred, then it is also removed, and the resulting wounds are lubricated with oil paint or garden ward.

The disease amazes leaves, fruits and bark of apple tree. In the leaves, worms are beginning to appear, which increase in size, they are becoming more, the fruits are covered with black rot, and the bark begins to bend and crack. If you do not start timely treatment of black cancer, you can lose not only the harvest, but also the whole apple tree as a whole.

Fighting the disease:

• All infected areas must be removed from the tree and immediately burnIt also needs to be treated with an apple tree with a solution of brodsk liquid, but only after flowering.
• For prevention, it is necessary to disinfect the soil in order to prevent breeding bacteria in it and different pests which are carriers of most diseases.

Pests apple trees and fighting them

Insect pests bring a lot of trouble with almost all gardeners. They can be powered by both leaves and fruits of trees. Having amazed a significant part of the crop and the apple tree itself.

They attack the trees with whole colonies and can leave oval on branches, black eggs. Amazed by the foliage of a tree, sucking juice from it. Methods of struggle can serve:

• Processing decoction of tobacco and soap.
• A carbofos solution will also help.
• Most. effective way It will be released on the TRU larvae flies of flies or ladybugs.
• The prevention measures include the removal from the tree of the old bark and the whitening lime trunks.

This pest sucks juice from tree foliage, easily adapts to various conditions And it is much more complicated to get rid of it, it is able to worry the cold season in the folds of the bark.

To get rid of it you need:

• Produce timely cleaning and blotching the crust.
• In the spring of spraying apple trees with solutions of carboofos and wild.

Sheet flew or appleantic

The insect has yellow-green and amazes first of all kidneys and a tree foliage. Very quickly multiplies and able to winter in the folds of young kidneys.

To combat sheetoblock, you need:

• When the larvae is detected, they can be removed using chamomile rags, dandelion or pyrhems.
• You can smear the tree to the tobacco smoke, it will destructly affect the insect.
• The treatment with a carbofos solution is well.
• It is best to produce all actions at the moment of swelling of the kidneys, because then it will be extremely difficult to get rid of the appleantic media.

The caterpillars of this pest feed on dissolved kidneys, foliage or buds during the beginning of flowering. Apple moth puts out the larvae in the bark of a tree, there they can calmly fall in anticipation of spring.

To get rid of appleary moths need:

• At the time of wintering it is necessary to apply glue belts on the trunk.
• After flowering, producing a solution of chlorofosium or a zero.

They damage the buds and buds of trees, after which they tighten the leaves of the web, thereby forming a cozy place in order to postpone the eggs.

The fight against this pest is beginning in the spring as early as possible when the leaflers are just beginning to wade into the foliage:

• Immediately after winter, it is possible to use a nitrophenium solution.
• After dissolving the kidneys, a solution of chlorofos.

This pest is experiencing cold or in the bark of trees, or under fallen foliage. He eats the kidney of the plant, and females lay eggs right into buds.

The hatched larvae begin to eat the flower from the inside, therefore, the amount of crop significantly decreases:

• It is necessary to delete a dead bark in a timely manner and purify the territory of the garden from fallen leaves.
• Effectively will be the use of leaky belts.
• You can treat the apple tree with a solution of chlorofos or carbofos.

Feels directly by the fruits of the plant, devouring the flesh and grain, after which they quickly ripen and fall on the ground.

To combat fruit needed:

• Collection and destruction of fallen apples.
• Timely cleansing of the bark and the use of belts.
• Spraying with chlorofosium or carbofos solution.
• Use traps with pheromones.

Disease is a violation of the vital activity of the plant, due to the action of pathogenic factors that can be associated with infection, weather anomalies or agrotechnical misses.

Weather anomalies and low agricultural equipment most often lead to non-infectious diseases, and they may become the first phase of the appearance of fungal, bacterial or viral invasion.

Non-infectious

For your information: Noncommunicable diseases are easily eliminated by an effective influence on the lead pathogenic factor (introduction necessary trace elements, sanitary trim, protection of wood from frosts).

Infectious

Diseases caused by pathogenic organisms penetrated into the structure of the plant. Penetration is possible through damage to covers, with water, with sucking insects.

Fungal

Mycoses are the defeat by disputes of pathogens, phytopathogenic microorganisms that are creating in the body of the master of gecelium germination and disputes. The most common:

1. Scab. The disease of the first weeks of plant growth. Summer Mushroom Venturia Inaequalis causes him, able to give life to several generations per season.

   It also affects the leaves, and fruits, manifesting them in the form of gray or black spots with a bright rim.

   In case of early infection - the wounds are trembling, or the apple tree gives cracklers of one-bortie fruit. The spread of the disease contributes thick, poorly ventilated landings in the garden.



2. Ordinary (European, or peptic) cancer. The causative agent is the sample mushroom Nectria Galligena Bres. The apple tree cancer has an open and closed form:
   • with an open form, deeply not overgrowing wounds on the crust acquire a reddish border of the conidium with disputes, form thickening, turning into ugly growths. Corollary - drying and dying of branches, bark, sour-cutting layer of wood.
   • with a closed form, the growths are tightened by the wounds in the influx and tumors, leaving the rotting gap, but the outcome of the disease does not change.

Cancer is dangerous for the trees of all ages, but to a greater extent - old, with weakened immunity.



3. Black Cancer - Consequence of the damage to the fungus SPHAEROPSIS Malorum. Disease development:
   • brown spots;
   • wounds on the crust
   • faced by bugvous sporing growths;
   • acquisition of black (charred) bark, cracking and chipping;
   • on the leaves there is a spot, they fall, like fruit, if not falling - mummify.

   Defeat in the flowering phase - flowers dry. The plant becomes susceptible to black rot. Anti-erect, frost-resistant trees are capable of resolving the disease.



4. Root cancer. Fungal infection is striking root system Tree, forming cancer growths, which during decay are dispute distributors.



5. Cytoporosis (stem rot). The reason for the appearance of the disease is disorders of the cortex due to sunny frosty burns, consequences of drought, weakening the systemic care of the plant. Picnides The fungus quickly germinate through the loose blackened boring of a strap and branches, which instantly dry out.
   The lesion expands its area, covering the entire surface of the trunk. The process is irrelevant if the microorganisms damaged Cambius. Only timely sanitary trimming of branches and autumn trunk whitewashes can protect against cytoporosis.



6. Rust apple tree. The house of the fungal pathogen is juniper, it winter himself and retains his vitality for a long time. Under favorable conditions (wet, heat and windy), disputes are transferred to an apple tree, where they show themselves with convex spots of rusty color with black splashes.
   The stains point to Ezida (spores of the argument): on the back of the leaf plate they look cone-shaped outgrowths. An extensive lesion leads to a drying and dropping foliage. Sometimes rust captures young shoots, branches, trunk, fruits. The bark cracks, the fruits fall. Violation of photosynthesis leads to the oppression of growth and fruiting.



7. Puffy dew- fungal defeat of young shoots, inflorescences and fruits. Trials, launched gardens can provoke the disease.

   The plant is covered with brown raids, the leaves are folded and falling, the same happens with flowers.

   Infection at the beginning of the growing season leads to the death of the plant.



8. Milky shine. Fungal damage to basidial fungus. It can develop on separate branches or cover the entire plant. The first sign is a light gray with a pearl tint of the painting of fragile leaves. The root cause of the disease can be: frozen bark, irregular watering, lack of minerals in leaves and young shoots.



9. Moniliosis(fruit rot). The causative agent shaves the fruits into a cool wet period. Brown, pubescent gray Hall, stains quickly grow up, turning the apple into a soft inedible fruit. Such fruits fall or mummify. There are special manifestations of rot on the apple tree and in the storage of fruits:
   • black rot (the fruit is black without sporing formation);
   • bitter rot (brown spots are spores in places, the fruit acquires a bitter taste);
   • singa and pink rot - the color of the mushrooms (quickly applies to neighboring fruits).



10. Philosticosis (Bright spot). The causative agent is Phyllosticta. Amazes apple tree leaves brown, dark yellow or gray stains of different configuration.

    It seems to burn with pesticides, but ends with the filling of the leaf tissue and turning the epidermis into the transparent film.

    Premature leaf fall leads to a drying plant. Especially sensitive to this disease is the "autumn striped" grade.





For your information: Methods of combating fungal diseases are reduced to:

• sanitary pruning (spring and autumn);
• spraying with a disinfectant solution;
• whitewash trunks;
• deep loosening of the priority soil.

Bacterial

The pathogen - a single-cell microorganism widely presented in the wilderness, which has known in the second half of the 20th century. All damage to bacteria is called bacterios.

For your information: Bacterial infection is prescribed quarantine: the plant affected by infection is destroyed; the place where it grew is disinfected by chlorine copper; 2 years the land remains in the deposits.

For your information: Prevention of diseases of fruit plants is always more efficient and cheaper than treatment at the peak of the development of the disease. Prevention requires knowledge in predicting the result and conscientious systemic care of the plant.