Establishment of fireplaces is interested in every resident. country houseBut not everyone has enough patience and hard work, which will be enough for his own masonry. To build a fireplace on firewood, strong materials are required to withstand tremendous temperature and are not exiled in a few years. Are they brick? Sandstone stone. A refractory brick is considered the traditional element of the fireplace for many years. In addition, the forms of making all types of bricks given by Goste, the relevant standards, so that not docked in consequences in advance prepared laying schemes can not be.

In the laying of any type of fireplace, 3 sizes of bricks are used:

• Quarter brick
• Half
• Whole

Ideally, the exactly composed order will help to calculate the required number of consumables used to build the fireplace and predict the costs of construction.

Any work, be it a fireplace or a whole house, begins with drawing up the sketch of the structure that you need to build. For design it is best to use a millimeter.

First of all, it is necessary to calculate the depth of the fuel and the height of the chimney. If you plan to install a chimney pipe, its dimensions in diameter should be chosen a little smaller than when installing a rectangular chimney. We give examples for a five-meter chimney. In this case, the sizes of the section should be followed by the following:

Round - 56 cm 2

Square - 62 cm 2

Rectangular - 66 cm 2

Note: When drafting a project, be sure to take into account the location of the rafter in order not to disrupt the accuracy of the installation.

Fireplace masonry schemes

If you do not know what masonry Fireplace of Brick Scheme You will be suitable, we suggest familiarizing yourself with several options for brick.

Scheme 1.

This scheme describes in detail each row of masonry. angular fireplace And its design. Based on this scheme, you can upgrade it and adjust it, but in this case it is extremely advisable to contact your own laying scheme to professionals that may approve the correctness of the sketch or make some adjustments to it.

Scheme 2.

The scheme indicates the principle of masonry of the self-made confused fireplace. Designed a circuit for a room in size 20 square meters. If necessary, you can change it, but it is possible to start the masonry only after the scheme is approved by the specialist.

Scheme 3.

The principle of masonry of the English fireplace. Its feature is very simple sight Masonry and construction rates. Unlike the first two, it looks very worthy.

When studied masonry Fireplace of Brick Schemes Photo, and selected suitable option, You should calculate the total volume of materials required for construction.

Laying foundation

Like any construction and installation work, the construction of the fireplace begins with the creation of support. The installation requires its own foundation, for 6 centimeters more than the Camin base.

The construction of the foundation occurs according to the following steps:

1. The pit is digging 10 centimeters wider than the height of the foundation specified in the project. The depth of the pit should be 50-60 cm.
2. The bottom falls asleep with a thin layer of the shallow fraction of rubble and trambed. Total height - 15 centimeters.
3. A formwork is installed from a tree and processed by bitumen from the inside.
4. Stamp stone. Also, a broken brick is also used, if more than it is necessary for the design.
5. The solution is preserved from sand with the addition of cement (3 to 1). It will be not very dense, homogeneous consistency.
6. Everything is poured with a solution. Everything is well tumped, cement should penetrate the smallest gaps for maximum bout.
7. The resulting foundation is aligned and the surface control is made horizontally using a level.
8. The fireplace is covered and set 7 days before laying.

Note: The finished foundation in height should be 6 centimeters below the floor of the room.

Preparation for laying a fireplace

For 2-3 days, refractory clay soak water. Add liquid follows with small portions. The quality of the masonry of the fireplace corresponds to the consistency of the solution. The claile is overflowing into the dry and washed from the garbage sand, mixes to the groove consistency. The mixture is taken into hand and easily rides. To make sure that the consistency is correct, roll the stick with your hands. If it rolls up to a thickness of 1.5 centimeters, it will remain solid and does not stick to the hand, it means the quality of the solution is excellent.

After kneading the solution, the bricks are calibrated and the waterproofing layer is laid out of the regularity of 2 layers.

Note: If you prefer to build a red brick fireplace, first soak it in water for an hour for maximum stamp strength. When laying refractory brick, it is enough to plunge, releasing the air.

Laying the fireplace

Everything preparatory work Completed, you can proceed to layout 1 row of bricks. Here we advise you to add Portland cement to clay. About 25-30% of the bulk will be enough.

Always keep my dealers on your hand and follow it. Periodically check the accuracy of the masonry and check the geometric correctness of the level after each finished row.

It is important to make markers on the layout in the scheme, for example, the correctness and one's own notes so that in the future do not observe problems.

Use trowel for easier bricks in "whole" ranks. The fifthly must be laid manually, the same applies to the smoke collector. Put a clay solution exactly in the middle of the brick. Especially look at the emergence between bricks. Do not forget to observe the height of the seams between the rows - 0.5 centimeters.

For convenient visual perception of masonry, we advise you to get acquainted with the learning video:

Note: Never associate the outer wall of the fireplace and fuel facing. By this, you will prolong the flawless work of the fireplace several times.

Channel laying, fireboxes, smoke collection should be carried out with a particularly attentive approach. Follow the surplus of the solution. You should also not forget that the inner part of the fireplace does not need any processing!

To provide high-quality masonry at the bend stages, it is necessary to put a formwork at the time of masonry. Put in the center of the "main" brick and go to the sides from it.

Laying smoke

When all stages of laying the main part of the design will be completed, go to the chimney mount. It is even more important to constantly check the design verticality and quality of execution. mounting work. The better the laying, the better there will be a hood carbon monoxide in the pipe. With incorrectly or slightly construct curve increases smoke to the house.

When laying the chimney, it is customary to use a solution of sand with cement.

Note: After each row of chimney, do not forget to wipe the inner walls with a damp cloth, aged some time in a solution of liquid clay. This will prevent the formation of cracks in the seams.

Features of assembly of reinforcement and other elements made of metal

When building a design in the seams fit fittings with gaps up to 0.8 centimeters. In too much stacked fittings, it makes no sense, however, it is also impossible to do without it. After all, in the furnace she is obliged to be in any case.

Since the time he met with fire and tamed him, this element became almost indispensable. Many love to spend time by the fire or at home, looking at the fire in the fireplace, basking from his heat. After all, it is the fireplace that is an integral part of calm and comfort in the house. To date, the fireplaces have gained popularity not only as an element for heating, but also as a fashion note. modern interior. In order for the fireplace to appear in your home, it is absolutely not necessary to contact a specialist, and simply take advantage of our advice and proceed to independent laying.

Before you begin laying a fireplace, any Master will deal with the choice of material. The most popular to this day is a brick. This material meets several requirements at once. It is durable, handsome, can save heat for a long time, and the most important material can become budget.

As for the preparation itself, it is divided into 4 stages:

• Pumps of finite results;
• Selection and preparation suitable place in the House;
• Drawing drawing;
• Selection and acquisition of the necessary materials and tools.

At the moment, in the World Wide Web, as well as in special journals, you can find a large number of photos and examples of how finished designs should look like. Therefore, it can be said that the first stage will not take a large amount of time. To begin with, it is better to stop on a simple design, which in the future can be decorate with interesting elements and give it any color.

If the choice drops to a conservative option, then it is better to prefer the carrier wall for its organization. However, today you can see the angular structures that are mounted in the partition. It all depends on the free space and personal wishes.

The most important thing is that such a brick fireplace is responsible for the safety technique and did not cause a smoke or fire.

Next are the drawings. They are drawn on special paper or on the usual notebook sheet. Marking in this situation plays an important role, it will allow you to more accurately display needed room On the plan, as well as schematically represent the fireplace. The main rule is that the toproom should be less than 1:50 rooms. In this case, the heating chamber will have parameters 1k2 of the entire structure. This calculation makes it possible to exclude the possibility of smoke and rationally provide room with heat.

You should also mention the chimney. Its diameter should be 8 times less than the entire plane of the fireplace. It can be both round and square. However, it should be noted that for a round tube is long, there must be at least 5m.

Construction of fireplaces: choose the material

As it was told above the brick, it is best Material For masonry fireplace. However, not every brick meets its characteristics. Experts are recommended to acquire a full-old brick. When buying, pay attention to its weight and shape, it is better to choose small red-type bricks. It is him that can be called a fireplace brick. Such an approach will help to save well during construction.

In addition to bricks in the construction process, the following materials will be required:

• River type sand, it should be clean and homogeneous;
• Cement and clay;
• For filling area crushed stone;
• Plywood;
• Ruberoid;
• Armature is long about 70cm;
• Steel leaves;
• Damper for chimney;
• Decorative material.

All materials from the list must be prepared in advance and in the required quantity. For this, everything must be calculated after drawing up the drawing. You should not distract anything from the masonry process. Therefore, everything should be necessarily at hand.

How to make a fireplace with your own bricks: Step by step instructions

How should I start building a small fireplace? After all the sizes and sketches are ready, the order layout is calculated and noted, you can begin making the construction. The first thing to be done is to organize a foundation for the fireplace. It should be noted that he should not coincide with the placement of the foundation of the house, as it will be able to disrupt the integrity of your housing. Under the base, a pit is created, on its bottom you need to put rubble, which you need to thoroughly tumble and align. The depth of the pit should be no more than half a meter, and its diameter is 20 cm greater than the plane of the intended fireplace.

After that, the plywood form a formwork and poured cement mortar. Plywood is processed at will. It can be waxing or closure to the rubberoid. The finished base is smoothed and covered with polyethylene a week until complete drying.

Note that the surface of the foundation should be perfectly even, as it is the key to a solid design.

Structural strength will also provide bricks that a few minutes before the start of work will be omitted in water. This will allow excess air and provide a good tank of material.

This also applies to clay. Before you begin work, it is poured by water for several days by adding liquid as absorbing. Do not forget to stir it until it acquires the consistency of sour cream.

Now you can proceed to the main job. After the foundation is dry, polyethylene is removed and put two layers of rubberoid. Layers, as well as the screed must be flawlessly smooth, because it is the basis for future brickwork. The rows of bricks are very important to a smooth base that is made by a straight line.

The first bricks are put on the edge and tightly pressed to the base, then the clay layer is applied. Each of the layers should be covered with clay, so a building triangle and level may be needed here.

To the chimney laying, it is necessary to approach with special care, the order must be marked in the drawing. Through three rows, it will be necessary to insert fittings. In the future, she will be installed on her fireplace grille. In the process of laying side protrusions, you can use half of the brick. And at the end of the work, all seams are treated with a decorative solution in which you can add a dye.

So you can create a mini oven in your private house. All technology is not so complicated.

Scheme of a fireplace of brick with an open furnace

Why in the process of masonry the fireplace is made such a pressure on the creation of the scheme? Everything is not so simple, because the correctly made drawing is already part of success in performed work. It is from its preparation that the type of material, its functionality, and the most important safety during use depends on. Create a drawing, do not own special skills, it is possible to take the basis of already well thought-out, ready-made schemes. If you want to make a professional scheme, we recommend viewing the learning video.

The scheme of a fireplace of a brick with an open firebox will immediately make it clear where to start construction, which features this furnace installation has, and what types of work to be performed. Therefore, the scheme is very important, because even the most experienced professionals often turn to their billets.

The design of the fireplace with an open furnace includes:

• Portal;
• Chimney;
• Firebox;
• Cosques (or pondered).

All these elements must be taken into account and depicted in the drawing. I would like to note that this composition is inherent in the closed firebox.

Also, when designing such a fireplace, it is necessary to strictly adhere to all proportions. Namely, the width of the furnace, it should correspond to the 2: 3 indicator, and the height of the portal with respect to the depth of the fuel cell 1: 2. Such ratios will not allow smoke to penetrate the room, as well as increase the heat transfer.

It should be remembered that the fireplaces with an open brick furnace, good of their heat transfer, but only for small-sized premises or rooms with good ventilation. Only 20% of the energy from fuel goes to increase the temperature in the room. In addition, this embodiment of the fireplace is demanding in terms of fire safety.

Fireplace with your own hands: Step-by-step instructions (video)

Create a brick fireplace with your own hands is not quite simple, this is due to the features of furnace equipment. However, if we consider the issue in more detail and delve into all the nuances, it can be carried out without the help of a specialist. The most important thing is that it will not allow even the smallest errors in the calculations, in the drawing and simply adhere to the planned plan.

Installation of fireplaces B. country houses, cottages, at dachas in last years It is becoming increasingly popular. In appearance, the fireplace is similar to a deep niche in a wall equipped for the withdrawal of carbon monoxide chimney. The construction mainly serves as a decorative element of the interior capable of applying even the most modest room and create a feeling of special comfort and comfort.

The fireplace can serve as an extra heat source in winter. So that the heat, obtained from burning firewood, heated the room, you need to design a fuel chamber not too deep, but wide enough. Basically, wall structures are built. The ideal location of the fireplace is considered the angle of the room. Never facility is installed at the wall with windows or opposite windows.

Building materials for fireplaces

To build a real fireplace on firewood, the durable and most durable materials are needed. Such materials include sandstone stone, marble and brick. Fireplace imitation- Falsh fireplace can be erected from lighter materials - plasterboard, polyurethane, wood. During the construction of a traditional fireplace, preference is mainly given to refractory and red bricks. Standard brick forms greatly facilitate design and masonry.

In operation is used whole brick, halves and quarters. Compiled order will help correctly calculate the number required materialWhat will significantly reduce financial expenses. It should also be said that the fireplaces of bricks with a qualitatively completed masonry you can practically not decorate. The material used always looks beautiful and can decorate any interior.

Build a fireplace yourself

If you follow the instructions below, then in the near future your house will decorate a real wonder-fireplace.

Procedure for conducting work:

1. Sketching the sketches of the future facilities.
2. Selection of building materials.
3. Laying a fireplace of a brick.
4. Installation of chimney.
5. Installation metal elements.
6. Decorative finish.

Sketching sketches of the future facilities

Everything construction works Start S. design, regardless of whether you are building a fireplace in an exploited building or during the construction of the house. To draw up a project, the millimeter paper or sheets in the cell will be best suited.

First of all, it is necessary to calculate the depth of the fuel, the height of the smoke collector, the angle of masonry the side walls of the furnace, the height of the narrowing for the exit of smoke into the smoke collector. If the installation of a round tube is assumed, the dimensions of its cross section may be less than when mounting a rectangular or square chimney. For pipe height of 5 meters Rectangular cross section it should be equal to 66 square meters. cm, Square section - 62 sq. M. cm, and round - 56 square meters. cm.

An example of calculating the size of a fireplace for placing an area of \u200b\u200b20 square meters. M.

The width of the portal of the fireplace must be multiple of ½ brick length, and the height of the portal is multiple brick height and 0.5 cm of masonry, which is 7 cm. In our case, the portal width will be equal to three bricks or 77 cm, and the height is 7 masonry rows or 49 cm.

• The height of the portal is 53.5 cm (seven rows of masonry).
• Firewood - 79 cm (three bricks).
• The depth of the furnace is from 1.5 to 1.75 bricks.
• The pipe cross section is 14 cm for 27 cm.

Important! When drawing up a fireplace project, take into account the location of the beams and rafters for the proper installation of the pipe.

Getting started to fulfill my apartments the first row is better to lay on the edge,and subsequent ranks are put flat. The bottom of the furnace rises above the floor at least three rows of masonry. We will present you several schemes for fireplaces.

Scheme number 1. Corner home coam coin

Scheme No. 2. Spot of a used fireplace for a 20 square meter room. meters

Scheme number 3. English fireplace

Selection of building materials

For the construction of the fireplace need construction material better quality.

• Brick. We will need refractory (chamoten) brick. When buying a brick, you carefully check each product separately. The color should be orange-red, all the angles are whole, no chips and dots, when tapping a clean sound sounded.
• Sand. The sand fraction should be no more than 1.5 mm. The material is carefully sifted through fine sieve. For better masonry sand is washed.
• Clay. Need a dark red or brown clay without impurities. If you have the opportunity to get Cambrian clay, it will be the most the best option For masonry fireplace.

Important! The use of refractory bricks involves the use of a refractory clay solution.

• Portland cement. An excellent option will be the choice of brand 300.
• Crusheden. This material fraction is up to 6 mm is needed for the manufacture of concrete foundation.
• Smoke valve
• Reinforcement rods. They will need no less than 20 pcs. 70 cm long and 1 cm diameter.
• Grate
• Fireplace screen.

Brick Fireplace Laycast

Fireplace start from bookmarks foundation. A separate foundation is laid under the fireplace. The size of the area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation is made by 6 cm more terminal fireplace.

Foundation

Important! The level of the finished foundation must be below the field level by 6 cm.

Laying the fireplace

Days three before the start of work on the masonry fireplace soak clay By adding water in small portions so that the solution is not too thick. The quality of masonry depends on the quality of the prepared solution. The finished clay pulp is poured into the washed dried sand and thoroughly stirred to the state of thick jel. From the finished mixture ride small sticks with a thickness of up to 15 mm. With excellent quality of the solution, the sticks will not fall apart and stick to the hands.

Make care calibration of bricks. On the finished foundation to lay waterproofing, it can be a rubberoid, covered with two layers.

Everything is ready for work and you can begin the main stage of work.

Important! If you prefer the red brick, it is necessary to soak it before starting work in water to save the strength of the masonry. The refractory brick in front of the masonry dip in the water for a couple of minutes giving the opportunity to go out to the air bubbles.

For masonry of the first row to add up to 30% of the bulk Portland cement. The composed order is kept next to them to periodically check the accuracy of work. Putting a row and making checks on the preservation of geometry, planned design, you need put in the project a mark. The masonry design - the work is painstaking, and such control will significantly simplify the task set in front of them.

Taste or Kelma is used to lay down solid rows. Topial I. the smoke collector is better to lay manually. The seam thickness should not be more than 5 mm. The solution is spread to the middle of the brick in such a quantity so that it does not go beyond the edges of the brick.

The laying of the fuel, smoke collector and the channels is carried out with special care. Excess solutions must be deleted. It is very important to remember that these elements of the fireplace inside are not amenable to plaster.

For a beautiful high-quality masonry of the curved arch need to be installed grinding - temporary formwork. Setting the first brick in the middle of the arch. Continue laying in both directions.

Installation of chimney

Laying out the smoke pipe is necessary as often as possible check its verticality.The better the work on the installation of chimney, the better will be in the fireplace of the thrust and less likelihood of carbon monoxide into the room. The inner walls of the chimney are needed wipe moistened in liquid clay ragthat will help create an ideal surface without cracks. For masonry chimney on the roof, a solution of cement and sand is used.

It will be much easier to carry out work related to the installation of chimney, if used in the smoke mine special pipes. These may be chimneys from ceramic pipes, modular stainless steel, thin-walled structures made of acid-resistant and heat-resistant steel.

Installation of metal elements

While mounting the design of the fireplace in the seams laid metal reinforcement leaving the gaps up to 8 mm. Logging a lot of metal elements in brickwork is undesirable, but it will not work without them without them. The fireplace furnace and the master must be necessarily.

Frames of the fuel and valves are not attached, they perfectly hold on the cooked solution.Installation of the valve is made at an altitude of 2 meters.

Decorative finish

For perfect choice Brick and high-quality masonry make an additional facing of the fireplace there is no need. Enough using a white solution, make neat grouting seams.

If you still have a desire to do a fireplace, use special smooth facing or patterned tilescapable of perfectly kept on the hot surface of the fireplace.

Today you can buy portals from manufacturers of fireplaces from natural materials of different quality. It may be travertine, marble, stone. Finished portals will be able to decorate the fireplace you have built and give it even greater uniqueness and beauty.

An excellent addition to the fireplace will be a special fireplace set made of colored or cast-iron forged metal. In the sets there are always tongs, Baggores, whisk and scoop. Protect the carpet unfriendly by the fireplace from the accidentally fallen coal can be a beautiful and practical screen.

Let's summarize

After completing the masonry of the fireplace, it is necessary to give some time for drying solution.It is better to wait a few days, and then to check the thrust to put the crumpled newspapers in the chimney and set fire. When the fireplace is ready for operation, the newspaper will burn well. Now you can try to protrude firewood.

The main rule during self-laying of the fireplace is not to hurry and carefully fulfill all the recommendations.

Video Construction Fireplace of Brick

The fireplace was the first known humanity with a heating device of a special design. In the industrial era, he acquired more decorative and prestigious meaning, but in our days interest in the fireplace, which are not only beautiful, but also warm, reborn. As the main heating device, the fireplace has no special perspective, but as an additional or alternative allows you to significantly save on utility costs, and it may be careful to make it house master Middle hand.

On the modern species Slowly burning environmentally friendly (pellets, biofuels) Properly manufactured fireplace can show efficiency no worse than or. However, the cost of a fireplace from bricks on the consumption of material turns out to be doubled, and the money is three times in four times less than on the same thermal power.

This article will describe descriptions, schemes and drawings of several homemade fireplaces and industrial designs. But the significant amount of material is devoted to the fact that in other sources most often if it is mentioned, then casual. Conditionally, this information can be called the foundations of the referee.

It would seem why to distract? But, performing even a very good product with steps according to the instructions, we will get it again, and it is hardly better than the author-made. And no one has canceled the decorative function of the fireplace and will not cancel, and it is technically not so simple as it looks like. To build a beautiful, cozy and unfinished on the farm Fireplace, you need to first figure out what is in general there is, as it works, for which it is good, but for what.

Types of fireplaces: aesthetics

Fireplace, as before, not only heats the room, but also gives him a special comfort. Build it in the soul of the house - in the living room. Technically efficient, but non-market and / or not fitting in the interior the fireplace deprives the face of the face. Therefore, before being taken for its manufacture, let's see what can be the face of the fireplace itself. The choice is not so wide, because The fireplace should not only look, but also warm. And do not smoke, do not pay and not create risks of Ugon. Selecting the same style, you can also be taken for building.

Classic

The most common type of fireplaces is English is classic. Its appearance is shown in Fig. We will talk about his device and technical features further, and one can say about the aesthetics: it will go anywhere, even at the interior of the AR Deco or Fusion. Classic because the classic is that everywhere to the place. All that can somehow not bope with something, dropped in the process of centuries-old evolution.

Dutch

Dutch fireplace is, in essence, the furnace-fireplace. And not because it is faced with the tiles, they may not be on the right pos. Fig. below. But here is the existence of smoke-rotations: the Dutch was forced to save on the Middle Ages on fuel. Therefore, the fireplace in Dutch, actually, and not the fireplace at all.

The Dutch fireplace is laid out as a stove, only with an increased zev of the furnace and deaf, without pushed, subside. The door of the furnace or is not at all, or they are openwork, cast or forged, fluent air. This follows from the features of the fireplace, as follow-up in the following, technical section.

For erection from zero, the Dutch fireplace is complicated: and the laying is not easy, and the finish is needed quality. But, if you need to make a fireplace from the stove, then Prababookushina Holland in the wall or in the corner is a find. It's easy enough to open the furnace, closed thinking - here's a fireplace.

The second, already a bit costly, but excellent the option for all qualities - to expand the burned, so that the modern fireplace of the factory manufacturer placed in it. We will come back to them, but for now we note: branded furnace can give the second life with a dilatimate dutiner. Instead of her slick and subsequent overhaul - repair cosmetic and fireplace in the house. It is probably not necessary to compare.

Rustic

Rustian Latin means rustic, rural. Best of all his meaning reports the Russian "Djarevnya!" However, rustic fireplaces look very well in the country interiors, colonial, rococo, and even in mesh, see fig. "Rusticians" are built from wild stone.

A special type of rustic fireplace is a fireplace in the style of Provence, the right pos. In fig. Provence style, it is, in essence, the French country, only lighter and sensual. Therefore, the fireplace-Provence walks the stone light, warming and softer: yellowish limestone, sandstone, slate (not combustible!) Once olive fireplaces were somewhere shortly, but with modern factory furnace, the stone turns into facing, thermal loads almost Does not receive and the fireplace serves for many years.

Rustic fireplaces roads, firstly. Natural sawn in size stone - building material of the elite class, regardless of its variety. Secondly, to build "Rustic" can only be a very experienced cook. The design of hard requires good foundation, and the laying of natural stone is complex in work. Some knowledge here will not cost, you need a considerable experience.

Note: wildstone I. natural stone - Not the same thing. Wild - such as it was taken out - boulders, goals, Kolologi. And the same stone that has been processed on the stone equipment and corresponding to certain size standards will be already natural.

In the wall or near?

Classic and rustic fireplaces can be built in the following versions:

• Built-in (closed) - zev grades flush with a wall; Portal (see below) is made directly on the wall.
• Semi-open (see Fig. Right) - adjacent to the wall closely or partially recessed in it.
• Open - between them and walls from all sides there is free space.
• In the openings - two rooms are heated at once.

Built-in fireplaces require a special building structure and are envisaged in its plan at the design stage. Open take a lot of living space. Therefore, urban fireplaces, for some exceptions (about which below) are most often carried out by half-open.

Alpine

Alpine, or Swiss fireplaces entered the fashion relatively recently. This, again, and not fireplaces in essence, and simple open foci from the Swiss chalet, on the left in Fig. Modern interest in them is connected, most likely, with their democraticity: the fire is visible from all sides, and around it you can pressent a circle.

English and Dutch fireplaces, on the contrary, authoritarians: to warm up in the evening, only the Patriarch was relied with the tube in the evening. The inattentive son / granddaughte, which pulled to the fire, risked to get a hefty kick or a landlessness of any explanation.

The Swiss fireplace can be laid out without any particular difficulties, but only in a non-residential room. In constantly inhabited premises, their independent erection is prohibited by fire legislation - open fire, as in any way. In urban apartments to business class inclusive "Swiss" can not be done at all, and in elite - it is possible only for a special resolution of the fire inspection and the availability of a fire certificate on the product.

For individual country houses Exception rules do not provide. Fire in a house with people on the village or in a cottage settlement is still more dangerous than in a high-rise building: MES will not quickly come quickly. But to build an alpine fireplace in the country, it is quite possible, no one asking any fines not at risk. Country houses, By law, premises are non-residential.

Modern

Modern design styles did not go and seemingly such archaic fireplaces. Cause - Almost all modern styles Registration with external coldness and conciseness are filled with hidden energy. And the fireplace is a capacity of the visible energy of the fire, so its framing does not have to be sophisticated.

Modern

Modern is known as the style of an all-express. Designers, decorators, artists applied among themselves (in the public they are sophisticated Estets) say: "Yes, you want to write in modern ones." But Modern - by no means a random dump. It requires a very developed taste and has many meanings.

One of them is important in a fireplace case: a modern fireplace, fully corresponding to the style criteria and is not disturbing its aesthetics, can be made of lightweight modern materials without foundation, medium and right pos. In fig. Fireplace without foundation - what is it? At least to save on construction work.

Mini

Minimalist style no longer likes something hanging. It is purely landed and melt on the surfaces. In the interiors, mini even lamps are recommended to use embedded.

For fireplaces, minimalism has consists of minimalism, and pros. Minus - an open or half-open fireplace in the interior of the mini does not fit. If the walls are thin and the fireplace can not be dried in them, it is necessary to make it some box, imitating the "built-in", as on the left pos. Fig.

But plus Kaminov-mini is more consistent: the minimum frame in combination with modern firebox allows you to make a mobile mini-fireplace, right in Fig. Indeed, the branded firebox at 12 kW weighs about 100 kg (see below), and purely decorative on biofuel is up to 20 kg. With the framing - about 30 kg. It may not be transferred within the premises and is not a bogatyr.

High tech

The basis of the style of high-tech, as you know, smooth colored or metal, often shiny surfaces, smooth or smoothly curved. From the point of view of the fireplace, this means that it can be performed as with the finished factory firebox (the first and third on the left pos. In fig), and any of the classic structures, but from modern materials, the second and last pos. However, the mini-fireplace Haytech (the third left pos) is undesirable to do mobile. In theory, the elements of the high-tech interior can shift from their places no more than transistor valves in a computer chip.

Bionics style

Bionic style, it is roughly speaking, back to nature by high-tech methods. Bionic interiors are not widely widespread. The reason is their extraordinary high cost. We need natural materials, a more experienced, specializing in Bionics (and appropriately paid) designer, and a super-elite level masters capable of embodying the fruit of his looking for life. Figure in Fig. You can imagine what the fireplace in the interior of Bionics will cost.

Street

Street fireplaces are also a trend of modernity. Frankly, there is no particular sense in them: what kind of sitting to sit at the open-air light in bad weather? And the fireplace is all the time to mock and intertwine the future will not go, so the materials are needed especially persistent and, accordingly, expensive.

However, for a picnic with kebabs in the country or, especially, in a country entertainment institution, some meaning of the street fireplace is still it. Therefore, we'll figure it into brief, from which and how to build it in order not to redo in a year or two.

The most obvious decision is the collapsible barbecue Street Stove, First on the left in the top row in fig. It is impossible to do this yourself without industrial space with necessary equipmentbut prices for branded acceptable. They weigh a little, together can be transferred. For the winter, you understand and hide.

In the middle of the top row - the same fireplace barbecue, but from a dense wild stone: granite, gabbro, diabase, etc. It will endure any bad weather for a long time, does not require accelerates after autumn-winter slush, because The moisture absorption of the material is negligible.

However, the cost is exorbitant. Material is still as they say, flower. But the work is already juicy berries. Do there find people who will take a durable arch from "savage"? And which will take and really knows how to get a bit of tons of stone to choose pieces on the keys and choke of the wings. And the most wings should also be folded from anything. And without fitting the pieces you can not cost anyhow, and granite to customize so that the view does not deteriorate outside - this is not a male bricks to join, the diamond circle in the Bulgarian will not be changed.

But the extreme right at the top of the metal option for self-dealers is suitable just right. The design is clear from the drawing, one person pulls him there and here without difficulty. Already with firewood, embedded in the opening of the shell for drying, the species turns out quite natural. And if you put the top cheek with flat pebbles on a cement-sandy solution with polymer additives, then the real "Swiss" will be released. True, we will have to carry such together.

Finally (on the left below in Fig.), A regular brazier will come for the Swiss fireplace outdoors. On it, by the way, coaching kebabs are more capable than in the previous version.

If I certainly want a fireplace, and on the will, and homemade, and brick, then it is necessary to build it in a gazebo, right below in Fig. The moisture of heaven and a device with a flame inside from a porous hygroscopic material on a clay solution - incompatible things. After the winter from acceleration, it can just fall apart. An example of a furnace-fire-mangala furnace suitable in the arbor will be given later.

Types of fireplaces: Technique

Swiss fireplace any scientific technical features has no. This is a simple hearth, a fire in the deepening of the pedestal from the non-aggravated material. But also very ancient, English classic - the device is already quite interesting.

Note: the images and models of classical fireplaces are known, which archaeologists refer to Dorim Celts and Pictites. That during the time of Wilhelm the conqueror was grayish antiquity.

Rustic and olive fireplaces are the same classic, only differently decorated. Dutch on the principle of action and the device is no different from the Dutch furnace. Modern refugeery fireplaces will be considered, but let's start, as is headed, from the classics.

Classic and Ramford.

The schemes of the device of the classical fireplace of the English type are shown in Fig. on right. The classic fireplace is different from the simple focus under the smoke collector, only two details: infrared (thermal) reflector; reflective surface and smoke tooth. But they give these two details a lot.

Raisin Fireplace - smoke tooth. It limits the throughput of chimney due to the formation of a slow vortex of flue gases under it. If you flood English fireplace raw woodBut as long as they do not spoil, the smoke ball is clearly visible in a firebox, which does not go into the chimney and not extending outwards.

Thus, the air in the furnace did several revolutions, contacting the burning fuel, while he did not go into the chimney. This achieved the following:

1. The gradual return by air of oxygen allowed to organize an energy-efficient slow combustion even very energetic fuels - pine wood, anthracite - without the danger of carbon monoxide formation.
2. Air oxygen was more fully used that, with high-quality fuel, the formation of a fiber was excluded at any position of the view.
3. The air was heavily heated and immediately gave heat to the body of the fireplace, which, in turn, radiated him into the room.
4. The vortex time constant in the furnace is 2-7 minutes, which made the burning process self-regulating.
5. As a result, with the same laying of fuel, it is possible to safely adjust the heating intensity by the method, which in the furnaces is extremely dangerous: partially bypassed the view.

Let's give explanations. The formation of carbon monoxide CO is the process of endothermic, i.e. Energy unfavorable. Figuratively speaking, the burning fuel in the lack of oxygen is committed to tightening more energy carrier - oxygen - before oxidizing partially, as a result of which CO is formed.

In the fireplace, outdoor air access in principle is free, the door on the zea firebox does not happen. But getting oxygen to the fuel is interferes with the same whirlwind in the furnace. If the oxidizing agent becomes very little, the burning presses, the whirlwinds weaken, the influx of the outdoor air is enhanced, the fuel flares, the whirlwind is increasing again, and is twisted until all oxygen is consumed from it, and then the process will repeat again and again.

However, it is impossible to organize such combustion in the deaf chamber. The fact is that the volume of flue gases in the vortex as its development continuously increases, both due to thermochemical reaction products, and through the formation of thermochemical reaction products. If you tightly close the view, the whirlwind will come out (the fireplace will shoot, like a stove), the whole process will betray from the regime, and the fireplace will light just like a fire.

Note: as a result, the British fireplace is made with a hole of idling, as in the throttle of the car carburetor. Its area is about 10% of the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe chimney. CPD of the fireplace This hole does not reduce, see below.

Next, a hot whirlwind warms the body of the fireplace well, and it also warm the room well. Only surplus already cooled flue gases fly to the pipe, which additionally give their heat the fireplace in the smoke cap. The Efficiency of the English fireplace for such a simple device is extremely high: up to 46% on Cornwall coal and more than 50% on pellets.

Note: it is clear from the above that it is impossible to do a smoke tooth in the form of a simple stamp of bricks. There are already aerodynamics, the tooth must be profiled. The varieties of English fireplaces are distinguished by each other in the main tooth profile.

True, in the modern urban apartment there are no such indicators: the measurements were carried out in old English locks, for fireplaces with a smoke cap of 4.5-5.5 m height and the total height of the chimney 12-17 m. But still, and at the conventional height ceilings The fireplace will warmly be worse than the Dutch, but to build it technically easier. Alas, only technically, see below.

The described principle of work gives an important effect to practice: the warmth of flue gases after a chimney tooth, in the smoke cap - a throw, it can be used as you like: to make a product and additionally warm the air, to embed a water-heating register in the housing and the like. In the furnaces with smoke revolutions, the internal energy balance should be accurately observed there and not violated the way of circulation of energy, otherwise the furnace will come out of the regime, they will shy, and its efficiency will fall sharply.

In the fireplace, the zone of heat generation (UGT) is concentrated in the space from the furnace of the furnace to the smoke tooth. Below to take nothing, and above - take it all, no one will notice. This is how the English fireplace differs from the furnaces, and not what heats the radiation, as often they write. The stove after all, too warmly radiates. In the fireplace of the UGT, it is also combined with the zone of the technological process (ZTP), burning, but also at the same time.

Under fireplace firebox

Initially, in English fireplaces, the furnaces were really deaf, laid out of a stone with a slight tilt out. Without inclination, the fireplace during the crossing itself does not go into the internal circulation regime. The direction of rotation of the vortex in such fireplaces was the opposite shown in Fig. above.

They worked as it should be, but they could be dangerous: large burning slices were often rolled out out. What is completely nothing to do with the castle with a stone floor of the feast room: there are carpets, furniture, lush robes are great "blessing" of the company.

Therefore, in the Middle Ages, under the fireplace floors, they began to do with grate and very low, calculated only on the cross, confused. When the fuel flared up and the flame began to stretch into the chimney, thoughtfully closed. A sudden push excess energy excited by a whirlwind, and - order!

In our time, for the sake of saving on metal fittings and simplifying work, it is often made a deaf stone, and horizontal or even with a small slope inside. The reason is the extracts of high-energy LVZ and, especially, damask gels. They themselves give an excess of energy necessary for the formation of the vortex, and then - all in the old manner.

Curious

Cinema / TV users, taking off something about old England, up to Sherlock Holmes, are simults that they are looking for a castle or at least an old cottage with a "real" fireplace, in which under the furnaces of the stone. And the owners of such households are good for renting them for rent. Meanwhile, already at the time of a disturbing Hugo, with his mad sinfulness of a baskerville dog, fireplaces with a grate and low "starting" pensive were commonly used.

Fireplace Ramford.

The scheme of the fireplace of Ramford (in the former transcription - Rumford, Rumford) is shown in Fig. on right. The workflow in the fireplace of Ramford occurs in the same way as in the classical, but the delay of flue gases instead of a smoke tooth gives a neck with a hyperbolic profile, T. Naz. Ramford's neck. She, by the way, is widely used and generally in the technique, not only in the fireplaces.

The KPD of the fireplace of Ramford on the same fuel is exactly the same as that of the classic one. But, as can be seen from the drawing, its design is much easier, cheaper and easier. The Ramford Fireplace can also be built in a block high-rise building: the required depth of the furnace is one and a half times less than that of the classic, and the foundation will go foam concrete or vermiculite stove.

Only "But" - the profile of the throat should be sustained quite accurately; Permissible deviation from hyperboles - plus / minus 5% on the normal in this point. It is the ignorance of this circumstance that most of the failures of trying to build his homemade workers.

About reflectors

Many masters, knowing that the fireplace warms predominantly IR from the furnace, insert a metal reflector reflector or even the expensive mirror from the heat-resistant glass with titanium-niobium amalgam. An example of the design of this kind and its dimensions (by the way, the typical dimensions of the classic fireplace for the modern living room) are shown in Fig. The reflector is recommended to be brushed to a mirror gloss before each furnace.

All these are difficulties, generally speaking, will not damage. But nothing in the fireplace will not improve. The thing is that black on the type of soot and soot (fine amorphous carbon) very well reflects IR rays. Approximately the same as the unplanned faience - visible light.

Therefore, physicists do not make a model of absolutely black bodies from the soot, which often causes a perplexity of high school students and students. What is the full absorption here, if in IR it almost shines! So "bother" with reflectors, building a fireplace is in vain. Wives - warmly will be blic by itself.

Universal in the corner

English type fireplace can be not only frontal. Actually it is believed that the fireplace in the corner should be built in Dutch, but it is only prejudice. Angular fireplace, working quite in English, is easy to fold, knowing how to work with chamoten brick, see the laying scheme in Fig. on right. The design is sufficiently massive and is suitable only for private households. But it can be used as a barbecue, and in the smoke cap is easy to equip hot smoking.

Video: The process of building an angular fireplace

With water

As already clear, to embed the waterfront in the English fireplace is easy. You just need to remember that you won't take a lot of heat. A fireplace with a thermal capacity of 20 kW for the tooth produces hardly 4-5 with an extremely intense firebox. The DHW with the Custody Bakus is enough, but there is no longer on the central heating.

Heat exchanger itself, because The temperature behind the teeth is low, it is better to do from 2-4 rows of thin-walled metal tubes, 3 tubes in a row located in a checker order. And it is easier to work - no need to disassemble the cap, it is enough to drill holes in it - and heat exchange will be good.

Modern with fireboxes

When they say "fireplace with a firebox", it often causes bewilderment: and a fireplace without firebox, is it like? Some kind of electronic 3D imitation of fire?

There are such, although it is immediately clear that the fake. But in this case, it will be about the fireplace with a special furnace of factory manufacture. An example is the firing "Optima" of domestic production, see Fig.

Fireplace Firecase "Optima"

In such furnaces, the classic fireplace thermal cycle is simulated and optimized on computers. Products themselves are made of modern materials; Specials, silicon markets and composites are widely used.

Therefore, the modern fireplace firebox is not heavy, compact, and the heat is where it does not need almost does not give, it can be embedded at least into furniture, see fig. on right. The chimney is performed from a conventional thin-walled metal fiber, and the furnace door is from the freely transmitting IR heat-resistant glass. Finishing the fireplace "with a firebox" can be any, to taste the customer and the ability of the master. In addition, the "flue" fireplace gives considerable additional features.

More about water skills

Fireplace fireboxes are manufactured with built-in hot water circuit. Thanks to accurate computer calculations, a fireplace with a water circuit in a special firebox is an already full-fledged heating device that is continuously supplying hot water Not only a kitchen with a bathroom, but also the CO. The diagram of its device and connection is shown in Fig. It is clear that they do not do this.

Air-heating

Frame of firebox modern fireplace Maybe as already mentioned, anyone. This allows you to make a fireplace with air heating, the diagram of which is shown in Fig. The pedestal of the fireboxes does not definitely lay out the stone, it can be at least from the same plasterboard. But the self-delicate is joy, alas, does not add. Why - will be seen from further.

About biocamines

Before moving from things interesting to any technory, in matters, let's say straight, pretty to the vigorous, should be a little lined on the biocamines. They were actually mentioned about them: everyone without exception mobile minicamines work on biofuel. And the furnaces around which they are "blinded", also special, precisely on biofuel calculated.

Biofuel is obtained by bacterial decomposition of human and animal life waste. It sounds disgusting, then the fuel itself is exceptionally clean: it is based on ethanol, and any thought of burning mode gives at the exhaust only carbon dioxide and water.

Biofuel should not be confused, too, with absolutely environmentally friendly, and long-known, gas hydrates, "dry alcohol". Gas hydrate dry fuel highly energy, heat gives a lot. And ethanol is also known to everyone (and many - to the pain of the soul, head and in the whole body) ethyl alcohol. In biofuel, it is in the associated state, so it is not suitable for receiving. And for the price - it's easier to redeem in the brandy.

Alcohol, as you know, always burns completely, but heat gives very little. Who tried to boil the alcohol at least a 200 ml weld (a glass), knows that ethanol as a heat generator is no. But as a component of fuel for decorative mini-fireplaces, ideal: not shed, because It is part of a semi-solid or jelly mass. There is biofuels, by type imitating firewood. But outside the special firebox, they immediately go out, so you can not be afraid and knock over the carpet on the carpet.

This is not advertising biofuels, and the necessary information for understanding is very significant for self-delicacies, especially urban, circumstances. Namely: for the fireplace on the biotoplee, no permissions are required-arrangements. If only the firebox was a branded certified, and the fireplace can be built with it at least in a wooden house. And invite firefighters to the first launch, without fear.

Fireplaces: Something terrible

Not a fire, not a passion, not a ball of poisonous snakes in the chimney, not collapse down to the neighbor together with the overlap. Worse: Paper Tools. And without permission to the fireplace, if he is not on the biofuel, can not do anything - what is an open fire in a residential room, everything is clear to everyone. Firefighters are definitely clear, and purely in a professional-sanction context.

The trouble is that there are no legislative acts regulating the device of fireplaces in the Russian Federation. SNiP 2.04.05-91 regulates the device of heating-cooking furnaces, but it is clearly forbidden the device in the residential premises of heating devices with an open furnace. In Moscow, fireplaces seem to be allowed by the Moscow City Construction Rates (MGSN) "Residential Buildings" 3.01-96, but only on the last floors (or on the penulty, if the apartment is two-story), and only one owner must have an apartment. Technical logic There is a tight, but the administrative financial Luzhkovsky era is clear as day: to afford the fireplace can one who can "roll back" on the pocket.

So how to be? I will withdraw the saying inside out: in every barrel of tar, if it should be strain, there is a spoon of honey. In this case, apartments with smoke, separate from ventilation, smoke canal. These are pre-revolutionary houses, Stalinkins, bricks Khrushchev with gas speakers and titans, modern apartments Free layout in monolith homes. In them, even for MHSN 3.01-96, the heating devices on the flame can be put on any floor.

Hence the following:

• We cover allegedly complicated redevelopment with the transfer of heating devices (not to write in the statement - registers of the Central Committee!). The procedure to the extreme is a vigorous, describing it is a separate topic.
• Under the skeins we get permission from firefighters on a fiery heating device. "Fishka" is that by default, on SNiP, it will be understood as a stove, if you don't "lie" yourself and not clarify. On paper, you can and need.
• We build a fireplace.
• Suddenly, what is the resolution on redevelopment with the reconstruction of heating; Here is a fiery heater. Here it is, the flame, look! Bake? What is such a furnace? There is nothing about the oven in this paper! Ah, meant? Well, if the Court of Your Confessment will take as a fact or document - please!

However, such a sweet moment is likely to never come. Firefighters know their business, and where "does not shine", and they will not go there. But with the papers began to wade:

1. We order the redevelopment project, the "self-easy" will not pass in any way. Tip: If the thought flashed to attach a balcony to the room, build a capital partition, combine / divide the bathroom, combine the kitchen with the living room - it is better to put everything in one package and work with fireplace, money and nerves will be half less;
2. We take in DEZ, HOA, in short, in the operating house of the organization, conclusion about its technical condition (technical conclusion on the state of the house designs, TZK). In TZK, it should be noted that chimney is working, and when his audit was carried out; better - no earlier than six months;
3. We go to the licensed Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Fire Safety Recommendations. In Moscow, St. Petersburg, the capitals of federal districts and in many large cities are branches of the VNIIPO EMERCOM (VNII Fireguard);
4. We listen carefully, we climb your head, make notes, but the main thing is to get their visa on the project. Without it, further senseless. We will need to modify or remake the project at all - not a word in advance, we do, as they said;
5. We go to firefighters, get permission. Just do not give it like that, but with a VNII visa, the question is "solved" (in VNIIPO, by the way, too), and without it - "Ceremc";
6. We go through all the solarms of the documentary design of complex redevelopment, and - finally! - Build!

It must be said that if all this sadomasochistan pleasure will cost no more than $ 2500 in the province and up to $ 4,000 in the first-hearth, then you are incredibly lucky. And in terms of paper, there will be no less than six months. So think, and not order a fireplace in a specialist? They have a track rolling, may be generally cheaper and faster.

Note: It seems to be a simple fireplace for air heating from factory firebox and drywall, it is necessary to unambiguously order a pro. After all, for all the material for him, including the short-last self-sufficiency, you will need fire certificates, otherwise it is better to approach VNIIPIIP. However, to order it optimal option: Materials and work on the price are incomparable with stone masonry, and the firebox is so and so you need to buy. The proficiency is accurately known where what to acquire that firefighters "drove".

Private country households were lucky more: a good part of paper cragomotine falls on coordination with owners, building designers and urban architecture. If your home, architectural environment - a neighbor's cow on pasture, then these stages disappear. And VNIIPO with firefighters are not so picky: your home, you suddenly burn.

Finally, then: construction!

So now we can already fold the fireplace. Take for example two classic type of construction: home and country. All other technically or the same, or easier. How exactly - said above. Or harder and unavailable homemade. And the documentary (again, except biocamines, which do not require at all) everywhere one and the same.

Foundation

For all fireplaces, except for Ramford and Some Modern, requires a durable concrete reinforced foundation in a floor with flooring. Of course, in the project there should be a calculation of total strength: the overlap must be kept the weight of the foundation and the fireplace with it necessary to lower the reserve. By the way, in brick crap, this condition is not fulfilled.

When designing, it is impossible to transmit weight load from the fireplace to the walls in any way. Even if the fireplace is located in the walls of the wall and, let's say, warm and living room, and a bedroom. Violating this condition - the cracks will inevitably go in the chimney, and with them the most coallegal fireplace will give Ugar.

The size of the foundation - with a removal of 100-110 mm in all directions. The base of iron is stacked with a thickness of 1.5 mm thick. On the iron litter - waterproofing of two layers of rubberoid. Modern highly efficient hydroizoles on the litter are not suitable for hot. On the floor in front of the zev, also a fire-free sheet according to the requirements of the software (removal of the meter forward and half the meter on the sides, galvanized on Asbest).

Note: firewalls with a branded certified firebox fire resistance is not needed at all.

Work season

Furnaces and fireplaces are erected in the offseason (spring, autumn) at a temperature of 15-25 degrees and moderate humidity. Build them in early springLate in autumn or in winter is impossible. In the summer, in the world - permissible to experienced the liver. You need to moisten the air in the room with open widespread water tanks.

Brick

In the overwhelming majority of cases on the fireplace will go ordinary red ceramic, because The burning in the furnace is not intense and thermal loads on the design of low. Facial, beautiful and smooth brick, it is only suitable for external cladding: its high decorative qualities are achieved thanks to the weak burning, and, accordingly, a bad heat resistance. In addition, polymer additives are introduced into the mass for facial bricks, the contact of which with fire is invalid by many obvious causes.

Brick should be made of high-quality mass and is rooted thoroughly, but not excessively. Bricks - "loaves", strolled, noticeably fused, with deep cracks on the surface, are ruthlessly rejected. Also - "Zheleznyak" brick, was checked, with a dark core. And the one and the other from the alternate thermal loads will soon crack.

Substress, i.e. Processed into non-standard / shape of bricks (untreated - full-time) for the fireplace is better to make a trap, and not a grinder with a circle. It's not about dust, but in vibration. From it in how the annealed brick can go microcracks, which will then go into obvious.

Solution

- clay and sandy medium fat. Sand proportion with clay - 3: 1. Clay - purchased construction. Sand - also purchased, river, washed and calcined. Cheap career sand is not suitable.

The solution is mixed on the water to the thickness of sour cream or a pancake dough and check for fatty: it must drain from the trunnouncement to it, remaining on the shovel with a flat layer of 1.5-3 mm. Too greasy sticks with lumps, sand and water is added to it (a little!) Again to the desired consistency. Too skinny flows, exposing, places or completely, the metal tool. It is adjusted to the desired fat content of the addition of clay and water.

The clay solution will dry for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to cook it slowly - not cement and the more no longer alabaster, does not grab. You can prepare to prepare for all work immediately, it will save time. On the night of baady or a trough with a solution is covered with a wet burlap, and the next morning, before work, they shock several times.

Masonry

The first row is always laid out on a dry waterproofing, giving a solution only in the seams between the bricks. The thickness of the seams is 3-4 mm, the minimum allowable for masonry on clay. The seams between ordinary bricks and chamotte, as well as between any bricks and metal liners - 6-13 mm. 13 mm seam is the maximum allowable for the clay solution. It is sometimes used in body laying, if you need to make a removal, canopy or give a flush (broadening).

The masonry is continuously uninstalled on the plumb and the cord, especially for amateurants. The whole design is narrow, high, heavy, and the center of her gravity is quite high. A prosperous for a brick fence or wall of a shed circle or irregularity of the fireplace can lead to collapse.

Drying

Dried the finished structure for at least 20 days when room temperature. The windows need to open the lash, but the direct sunlight hitting the product is unacceptable. It is best to arrange temporary marquises over the windows for the period of drying, at least from old sheets on sticks. As a last resort, tighten the gauze windows.

Commissioning

After drying, there is an accelerated furnace of half a portion of fuel. It is better to take slowly burning - blacksmith coal, coal-"seed." If the drying was produced in optimal conditions, after three days after overclocking, you can start to trample. Otherwise, the volume of fuel laying is increased in 2-3 receptions from 3/4 norms to full.

Classic do it yourself

Here in fig. - order of the fireplace of the English type. The design is simplified and modified to add it not very experienced bricklayers. The bottom line is that the furnace is flowing. Attached with the firebox not to close! But the grate grille is small and located at the very rear wall of the furnace, so the "English" whirlwind is created partly due to the convection supply in the furnace from the bottom. This made it possible to lay out the smoke tooth without any terretic and technological difficulties, a simple ledge. True, the efficiency on pellets is just over 40%

Video: Fireplace masonry process

Barbecue A-La English

This argotable (remember the promised?) Fireplace - the device combined. A single-mounted plate is attached to the full English fireplace, see fig. A strict pedant from fireplaces, possibly snorkenet, but it is convenient for the country household.

Which to choose?

So what kind of fireplace is still better? Custom with full tools - depending on the interior. With their incomplete delivery or credit "excess" - a drywall with a branded firebox and an air contour, he, if there are heat meters in the apartment, save the "communal" in winter well.

If you take for the fireplace yourself, then the optimal version is mini on biofuel. All expenses - on the firebox; Finishing for the price in comparison with it is not felt. Well, if you want a solid, prestigious classic - then English. His powerful aesthetics and magnificent advantages at least to some extent will pay off the financial and paper nightmare.

Video: A project of a small fireplace for the country house

Despite the availability and abundance of proposals for compact and fast in the installation of steel and cast-iron fireplace furnaces, traditional brick fireplaces, the construction of which requires considerable labor and time costs, continue to attract modern "fireproken", preferring the traditional massive open source of manual manufacture by a massive factory product. For various reasons, the hosts of private houses prefer massive brick, alone attracts design, other structural grounds, third is that, unlike rapidly cooled metal, burned ceramics will retain the heat of burning laminates and coals. Long hours. Kaminov - very responsible technological process, After all, the mistakes in the device of a brick focus are not allowed, "low blood" of the flaws of the liver does not fix.

Firewood drawings and why do you need spitches

Like any construction, the fireplace should be erected in accordance with a predetermined and drawn project, even the experienced masters who have developed not one fireplace or the oven come. You will need a front view, side, cut and challenged masonment of the fireplace.

The order is a consistent set of plans for each row of bricks, from the first to the highest. The masonry of the fireplace with their own hands, dealer incorporates the image of all elements of a series (whole bricks and halves, mortgage steel parts) will pass quickly and accurately.

Detailed drawings of different types and models of fireplaces can be found in special manuals and on the network, but if none of the ready-made options is suitable for configuration or design, the masonry scheme of the fireplace can be developed independently, taking into account the technical features of the fireplace device. Useful articles on this topic can be found on our resource. The apoles are not necessarily neatly drawn on Watman, it is easier to sketch them on paper into a cell, one brick 12x25 cm - two cells.

As an example, take a compact corner fireplace for giving. The masonry pattern of the corner fireplace is pretty simple: the furnace in two bricks wide without confused, the firewood must be placed on the grille. The opening from the facade is overlapped with arched jumper, the tooth shelf is located on a row above. Challenged masonry of the angular fireplace consists of 18 plans, of which three upper rows are the lower part of the chimney.

On a certain plan, reduced (bricks in about 3/4) bricks are locked by a diagonal line, halves - cross-crosswise. The first row is laid out by brick on the edge

Challenge the laying scheme CaminasLolite Calculate the required amount of material and prepare it in advance.

Brick for masonry fireplace

Brick ceramic full-length - traditional stove material, provided good roasting the fireplace can be laid out of it entirely. Depending on the production technology, one of the brick spoons can be burned more than the other. The side of the brick that has a smoother surface and dark color, orient to fire. For greater reliability and if the quality of ceramics leaves much to be desired, for feed, walls and tops of the furnace, it is better to use chamoten refractory brick, it will uncover high temperatures.

Note: Ceramic and chamoten brick have different thermal expansion coefficients and to avoid cracks in the masonry, they cannot be tied to each other.

If the brick is handed manually, they consider all elements, including halves, as integers. Brick can also be cut by installing on the corner grinding or cutting machine paving tile Cutting disk, suitable for working with ceramics, in this case, the cut will not be perfect and waste.

Fireplace masonry solution

Clay-sanded solution for masonry Caminas is ready to purchase ready for use, the mixture is packaged in kraft bags of 20-25 kg, their composition is balanced, you just need to get water. It should be borne in mind that the furnace mixtures have different heat resistance. Often the fireplace is drowning with greater intensity than the furnace, so its furnace should be folded at the heat-resistant composition.

Left is a heat-resistant mixture with the addition of a chamot, on which you can post the entire fireplace or in order to save it only its furnace. On the right - a furnace composition, suitable for masonry of the fireplace case outside the furnace and chimney within the attic

You can prepare a masonry clay and sandy solution and independently. This uses fat clay and washed, without impurities, seeded sand with a size of 0.2-1.5 mm. It is not so easy to choose the optimal composition for masonry to masonry the fireplace, it will be susceptible to cracking and too tech, with a lack of defective and small. The clay is chosen as clean, with a minimum content of sand, withstand a long open-air time. Perfect option - Blue clay, and red. It is soaked in front of the preparation of the solution in a few days and, if necessary, be filtered through a sieve, removing pebbles.

The proportion in which the clay with sand is mixed, depending on the fat content of 1: 1 to 1: 3, the exact ratio of the components has to be determined by the place, guided by traditional control methods. One of the ways to control: a layer of a solution with a thickness of no more than 5 cm is put on a brick, you need to put on top and press another brick. Two minutes later, raise the upper brick, if the bottom rests - the solution is normal. It must be borne in mind that excess clay is less dangerous than its disadvantage.

Another method to get a high-quality grinding solution - to purchase at the factory, where they purchased the burned brick, the required amount of raw materials for its production or raw bricks. Not all, but very many enterprises sell similar "semi-finished products". The raw is easy to twist, the similarity of the compositions of bricks and the solution will ensure the strength of the masonry.

What instruments need

• Measuring tools: Roulette, folding meter, construction level, plumb, cord, square, pencil.
• Mastery (Kelm) Mason, sharp end rounded.
• Bushhammer.
• Opening, the form depends on the seam profile, which must be obtained.
• "Bulgarian" (a corner car), if the brick is assumed not to prick, but cut. A diamond cutting circuit should be installed on it. g.designed to work with ceramics.
• Abrasive, circle either bar, for subwinding masonry and sliced \u200b\u200bbricks.
• Tools for making a solution. For a ready-made mixture: a bucket and a drill with a nozzle mixer, with an independent manufacture of sand and clay - trough, vendor, sieve, shovels.
• Capacity with water for soaking bricks.

Basic tools Mason

Pay attention to the order, it is a flat bar with cutting for a cord, located multiple brick rows. Not all the livenists use their apolation, but, tied at the beginning with its installation, you can save time during the masonry process. Quicks need to have at least two, and better - by the number of exterior angles.

Masonry technology in the construction of a brick fireplace

• The surface of the concrete should be hydroizing the inexpensive coating cement-polymer mixture (for example, CeresitCR 65), having flushed it twice with a brush or a spatula.
• If the fireplace is adjacent to the wall of the material being combustible, it is necessary to establish fire protection.

Inexpensive and effective option of fire cutting fireplace and a wooden wall - a plate of basalt wool (thickness of at least 5 cm), covered by the fireplace of reflective foil

• Preparation of clay sandy solution. With independent manufacture, clay should be soaked in advance. In a ready-made mixture, water is added before the start of work in accordance with the instructions.
• The brick should be soaked - to lower it in the trough with water for a few minutes. If this is not done, the masonry solution can dry too quickly and not to gain the necessary strength. In addition, a wet brick, if necessary, can be shifted, which is important when the fireplace is postponing not a very experienced master.
• They lay out the first row, it must be as even as possible, the level horizontality should be carefully monitored. If a little "missed" with the foundation, the first row can be postponed on cement-sandy solution, it is easier to fix the flaws of the base.
• Next, the laying is brought in accurately compliant with co-plan. We recommend each subsequent row first to lay out dry, only after that per solution. If the fireplace is large, stretch the cord, with small sizes of the structure, sufficiently controlling the level and as a coal.

Vertical seams of bricks should not be located one over the other, the need for dressing must be taken into account in the preparation of drawings.

The masonry starts with angular elements, strictly controlling the compliance with the horizontal level between them

Surplus the solution is removed by a trowel, the seams are expanded, the contaminated bricks wipe the wet rag.

Form shape determines the seam profile, concave, convex or rectangular

Another way to make a neat seam - lay bricks on guides

Take a look at the photo: From the outside, a metal profile of a square section is invested in the seam, after a few minutes it is taken out.

It is not necessary for one shift to put more than 8-10 rows in height.

Stages of the construction of the fireplace

Pay attention to how the arched jumper is assembled above the furnace - along a pre-installed wooden pattern.

Technology for the construction of chimney

The chimney is put on the same clay-sandy solution, only a plot above the roof on the cement. The inner surface to improve the thrust is thoroughly wiping and align. Do not forget to install a gaming damper. At the passage of the chimney through wooden overlap Make thickening, it is called "Roller".

In order to protect the roof from the penetration of precipitation, the "otter" is also performed above the roof. Under it from galvanized sheet steel or waterproofing roofing tape (for example, ONDUFLESH) Mount the apron (collar), closing the gap between brick masonry and roofing.

The choice of material for the apron under the output depends on the type of roofing. You can use galvanized steel, usual or with a polymer coating or flexible metallized tapes, the benefit of them is now a lot

Overcome order

When the chimney is important, it is important to observe fire fighting measures, especially in terms of passing it through the wooden overlap and roof.

General rules Fire safety, mandatory in the construction of furnaces and fireplaces.

In conclusion, let's say that the construction of the fireplace is a difficult event that requires preliminary preparation, necessary technical knowledge, accuracy and perseverance. The newcomer is not easy to cope with this work, to ensure proper quality and fire safety of the structure. If there is no confidence in your abilities, the construction of a brick fireplace is better to entrust an experienced specialist.

Video: Instructions for the construction of the fireplace do it yourself