Immediately make a reservation that such fertilizers are worse organic because in the last nutrients And trace elements are in the form, which can easily assimilate plants. The bulk of mineral fertilizers is rapidly a rapid effect, and their dosage depends on the fertility of the Earth, the demand of the plants in them, the composition of nutrients.

The main macroelements contained in the fertilizer are magnesium, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, iron, which are required by plants in significant quantities. Micralegants include copper, boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum. In any case, the disadvantage or surplus as macro, gas and microelements affects the development of the plant. If the fertilizer consists of one nutrient element, then called simple, otherwise it is complicated.

Depending on which elements in fertilizer, it relates either to nitrogenor K. potashor K. phosphorus.

In the first case, one of the main elements necessary plants, namely nitrogen, is in the form easily assimilated by them. But it must be remembered that an excess of this element in Earth has a negative effect on living beings and in nature as a whole, so it is necessary to strictly follow the specified rationing. The most popular fertilizers with nitrogen: ammonium sulfate (produces a strong oxidizing effect and is perfectly fixed in the soil), ammonium nitrate (this fertilizer acts quickly and can be applied in a wide variety of cases, oxidizes land) and carbamide (digested slowly, in connection with which it is recommended to be recommended use in spring).

Thanks potash fertilizersThe plants are better absorbed by carbon dioxide. In addition, these fertilizers support the mobility of hydrocarbons and reinforce the resistance of low temperature plants and the lack of moisture. Potassium chloride, potash salt and sulfate potassium, in which there are no magnesium, sodium and chlorine, unwanted for green pets are most often used.

Phosphoric fertilizers Also contribute to the resistance of plants to frost and droughts. They are deeply laid in the ground, since the main element of fertilizer is not too moving.

Fertilizer called Superphosphate can be considered one of the most sought-after, as it has a quick effect and is perfectly absorbed by the root system of the plant. It will be even better if combining it with organic fertilizers.

Wood ash - Frequently used, very popular and affordable fertilizer. The ash contains about three dozen useful elementsAnd in the same proportions in which they were in the burnt plant. The only thing that is not in ash is nitrogen. This fertilizer uses on any soils, with the exception of those who are characterized by an alkaline reaction (the ash is notched), close to the greenhouse and seaside ground, scatter on the garden or introduce into the wells. The maximum effect of fertilizer is manifested in heavy and podzolic soils. Along with the ash, other fertilizers, both organic and mineral, feeding plants, must be used. Alas with fertilizer is mixed immediately before use by destination. Sometimes it is advisable to insist ash on the water, to polish and then make it in the soil. This is done in order not to pollute it with the extra associated substances contained in the ash.

The amount of nutrients in ash depends on which wood was burned. Many potassium is found after burning sunflower and potato tops, calcium - after sunflower, potato tops, birch and venture, and phosphorus - after birch firewood and potato tops. Potatoes and root crops are best to make this fertilizer. It contains in itself both potassium and phosphorus, which is important. And besides, there is no chlorine in ash. Thus, it is absolutely optionally to acquire potash and phosphoric mineral fertilizers, because it is possible to use ash - the result will be no worse. Since the moisture is soaked out of the ash of potassium, they keep it into dryness.

Fertilizers in which a lot of phosphorus should be used in autumn, while the other mostly in the spring. I still have to say that if the land is heavy, clay, then the necessary fertilizer rate is close in the soil just once before sowing, but light soils require reusable contributions in parts, because the nutrient elements from such soils are easily sealed with water.

A rather common type of fertilizer is harated lime and chalkThat is more useful than the smallest, after which is mixed with a compost or manure. They very well reduce the acidity of the soil and provide calcium plants. Unsuitable to use by plants impurities in lime and velela minor quantity. From garden and garden crops to these fertilizers, vegetables even on soils with a weakly acidic reaction.

The benefit from the fertilizer is the maximum, if the ° is made in the fall, when potassium is enough in the ground, when the fertilizer is evenly distributed in the root location area, with an admixture of ash. Lime quickly comes into contact with the ground, which is a consequence of chopping fertilizer. It has a chemical and mechanical effect on the ground, fixing in it organic substances. When it is used, the amount of manure required is reduced.

Manganese fertilizers - This is a manganese sulfate and mangartanous potassium. In the first of them, the share of manganese can reach 24%. Fertilizer is a white or light crystalline powder, which is perfectly soluble in water. It can be used as an additive to the main refueling and feeding or for the processing of seeds for a while before landing. Just for the seeds, manganese is usually used, in particular for preventing viruses (for example, tomato seeds) or to feed plants through the spraying of leaves. Tomato, beet, cauliflower need in manganese. It should only be remembered that this element is actively absorbed into the soil, so if you do not comply with the norm of fertilizer, then hitting the ground, it can cause harm to plants, especially when they are still young.

Classic nitrogenfertilizer is urea in which this chemical element 46%. Outwardly, this is a set of small crystals, perfectly soluble in water, which have a property to acidify a little. Used to fertilize any plants on lands with a neutral reaction. It is best suited for extractive feeding and in the process of bark composting. If urea is made to sandy soil, nitrogen is held reliably. The fertilizer also has zinc, copper, cobalt.

One of the main copper fertilizers— copper Kuner (Contains up to 24% copper). It is a bluish-blue substance of the crystal structure, dissolves in water and can be scattered. Used as the main fertilizer both under root and for spraying leaves, seed processing. Most often copper is required by peat soils and has a positive effect on parsley, celery, beets, color cabbage, onions, potatoes. In addition, fertilizer is used to protect the plant from phytoofluorosis.

Are you wondering than plants eat? It turns out that all the necessary substances they know how to receive from soil, air and water. What is this "feed"? Here is its main components: water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper, molybdenum, calcium, iron, manganese, zinc, sulfur, and so on - almost the entire Mendeleev table enters the menu of our green friends. All this is called inorganic mineral fertilizers (except water and carbon, of course).

There are simple and complex. Simple fertilizers contain any one element (for example, nitrogen or phosphorus), and complex consist of two or more components. The wisdom of Mother nature is that each plant independently synthesizes the necessary organic elements from inorganic. Only here is not always our green friends There is enough natural mineral inorganic. Some soils (clay) are poor manganese and iron, somewhere lack copper and zinc, and some () poor nitrogen and potassium.

Therefore, we use a variety of mineral fertilizers for feeding garden plants, not forgetting to take into account on the site. Consider the most popular species (I do not point out the dosage, as it is printed directly on packaging fertilizers).

Nitrogen fertilizers

The main component of the group of nitrogen fertilizers, as is clear from the name - nitrogen.

These fertilizers contribute to the development of the above-ground part of the plants and are produced in 4 forms:

• nitrate form(sodium and calcium nitrate) in which nitrogen is contained in the form of an acid, easily soluble in water. Selitra is brought to the soil in autumn or in early springIn small doses (an overdose contributes to the accumulation of harmful people to human health) is used in feeding. Selitra is recommended for soils and plants with a short period of vegetation (, early,);

• ammonium form(Ammonium sulfate), where ammonium ions are located in the "free parity". Ammonium sulfate is introduced into the soil in autumn, since it is rather poorly dissolved in the soil, which follows (ammonium sulfate - physiologically sour fertilizer). To do this, 1,3 kg of lime is added per 1 kg of fertilizer. To ammonium sulfate is not indifferent, and late cabbage and other plants with a long seasonal period;

• amid form() - The most concentrated nitrogen fertilizer, which in the soil is converted into carbon dioxide ammonium necessary for obtaining plenty of harvest. It is brought under the trees and shrubs - either directly into the soil at looser, or in the form of an aqueous solution when watering. Urea is also physiologically sour fertilizer, which means that the soil needs to be decking (to 1 kg of urea add 2 kg of lime);

• ammonium-nitrate(Ammonium Seliver) - Physiologically sour fertilizer, one part of which is easily soluble in water and moves freely in the soil, and the other - slow motion. Ammonium nitrate is used for feeding, grain crops. Particularly effective in combination with phosphorus and potassium.

Furinations are made by nitrogen fertilizers in several techniques, strictly observing the instructions on the package: it is better to comply with the principle: it is better to be undoubted than to overcome.

Phosphoric fertilizers

Significantly accelerates the flowering of plants and the cropping of fruits. Phosphorus is usually close in the soil with autumn or early spring. It is poorly soluble in water: the period from the application to the soil until the roots reach 1,5-2 months.

Here are some of the most popular types of phosphate fertilizers:

• plain- Water soluble fertilizer, which contains plaster and sulfur, applies to all types of soil. It can be poured into rows and wells, and you can use in feeding. Contains from 14% to 20% phosphorus and is usually made under berry shrubs and fruit trees;

• double superphosphate- Easy fertilizer, well soluble in water. Contains sulfur and phosphorus (45% -50%), entered under berry shrubs and fruit trees;

• phosphoritic flour- Efficiently soluble fertilizer contains up to 25% phosphorus. It is brought only to acidic soils, since phosphorus becomes available to plants only under the influence of acid. Phosphorite flour made in the soil at elevated doses, provides plants with phosphorus for several years.

Potash fertilizers

Potassium contributes not only to an increase in plant yields, but also increases their resistance to diseases, increases the term of the strength of the fruit and significantly improves their taste. It is rarely used in pure form: as a rule, they are combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and microelements (copper, zinc, magnesium, iron, and so on).

All potassium fertilizers are well soluble in water, and the most popular of them are the following:

• potassium chloride- Natural fertilizer produced from potash ore. On the one hand, the fertilizer contains chlorine, which is undesirable for some garden crops, and on the other, it is a storehouse of the valuable elements necessary for the nutrition of plants. Therefore, potassium chloride is better to put in the soil along the autumn - by the spring, its "harmful" part is washed away. Especially love potassium potatoes, barley, beets, buckwheat and some grain crops;

• potassium salt- contains potassium chloride, sylvinite and cainit. According to the action similar to the chloride of potassium, it is brought into the soil in the fall in the fall;

• sulfate potassium - it does not contain in chlorine, suitable for all crops, especially withdrawing root root. It is made both directly into the soil, and used in the feeding. Combined with all macro and microfertres, except for calcium containing.

Complex mineral fertilizers

The group of complex mineral fertilizers includes:

• ammophos- Bloodless, neglected fertilizer containing nitrogen (52%) and phosphorus (12%). Suitable for all types of vegetable and fruit and berry crops;

• diammophos- Granulated nitrogen (10%) - phosphorus (26%) - Potash (26%) Fertilizer, which contains trace elements (calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, sulfur, and others), significantly increasing the agronomic value of diammofoski. Used for all groups of plants;

• nitroammofoska- Complex fertilizer containing nitrogen (16%), phosphorus (16%), potassium (16%), sulfur (2%). perfectly digested by plants, suitable for use on soils of any composition and for all types of plants;

• nitroposka- Complex nitrogen (11%) - phosphorus (10%) -Criculti (11%) fertilizer, used as the main feeding of plants. It is used for all crops, on heavy soils are made in autumn, on the lungs can be made in the spring.

Microfertres

There is another group of mineral fertilizers - microfertilizers that include trace elements: zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, iron, molybdenum, boron, and so on. Microfertilizers are used only when trace elements are not enough in soils. For example, peat peat almost do not contain copper, and there is no molybdenum in the dend-podzolic.

Microfertres are well to handle the sowing material, strictly observing the dosage (indicated on the package). They contribute to the development of the root system of plants, protect them from, increase immunity and yield. Complex microfertilizers often contain organic and growth. Representatives of such fertilizers: apion, terrak-topics, ecost-1 and others.

As you can see, there are a lot of diverse feeders that can significantly increase and improve the appearance of plants. And what mineral fertilizers do you use? Share your secrets)

Fig, fig, fig tree - these are all the names of the same plant, which we are persistently associated with Mediterranean life. Who at least once tried the fruit of figs, knows what kind of yummy it is. But, apart from a gentle sweet taste, they are also very useful for health. And this is what an interesting detail: it turns out that figs - a completely unpretentious plant. In addition, it can be successfully grown on the plot in middle lane Or in the house - in the container.

Quite often, the cultivation of the seedlings of tomatoes occurs even from the experienced dacities. Someone, all seedlings are elongated and weak, someone - suddenly begins to fall and dies. The thing is that it is difficult to maintain ideal conditions for growing seedlings. Seedlings of any plants need to provide a lot of light, sufficient humidity and optimum temperature. What else do you need to know and abide by the cultivation of tomatoes seedlings in the apartment?

Delicious vinaigrette with an apple and sauerkraut - a vegetarian salad of cooked and cooled, raw, sauer, salty, pickled vegetables and fruits. The name happened from the French sauce from vinegar, olive oil and mustard (Vinaigrette). The vinaigrette appeared in Russian cuisine not so long ago, at the beginning of the 19th century, a recipe was borrowed in Austrian or German cuisine, since the ingredients for Austrian sealer salad are very similar.

When we dreamily deal in the hands of bright sachets with seeds, then sometimes subconsciously confident that we have a prototype of the future plants. Mentally allocate its place in the flower bed and anticipating the cherished day of the appearance of the first bud. However, the purchase of seeds does not always guarantee that in the end you will get the desired flower. I would like to draw attention to the reasons, as a result of which the seeds may not climb or die at the very beginning of germination.

Spring occurs, and the work of the gardeners is added, and with the onset of heat, changes in the garden occur rapidly. On plants, yesterday still sleeping, the kidney swell is already beginning, everything literally comes to life. After a long winter, this can not but rejoice. But together with the garden, his problems come to life - insect pests and disease pathogens. Weevils, blooms, tli, swasteporiosis, maniliosis, pass, puffy dew - You can enumerate for a very long time.

Toasts for breakfast with avocado and egg salad - a great start of the day. The egg salad in this recipe acts as a dense sauce, which is seasoned fresh vegetables And shrimp. My egg salad is quite unusual, it is a dietary version of all your favorite snacks - with Feta cheese, Greek yogurt and red caviar. If you have time in the morning, never deny yourself the pleasure to prepare something delicious and useful. You need to start with positive emotions!

Perhaps every woman at least once received a blooming orchid as a gift. It is not surprising, because such a living bouquet looks amazing and long blooms. Orchids can not be called very complex in the cultivation of indoor crops, but not the fulfillment of the main conditions of their content often leads to the loss of flower. If you are just starting familiarizing with indoor orchidsYou should learn the right answers to the main questions on the cultivation of these beautiful plants in the house.

Magnificent cheesecakes with poppies and raisins, cooked on this recipe, in my family eat in the blink of an eye. Made sweet, plump, gentle, with an appetizing crust, without excess oil, in a word, just such as mom or grandmother fry in childhood. If the raisins are very sweet, then sugar sand can not be added at all, without sugar, cheesers are better to fit and never bury. Prepare them on a well-preheated pan, lubricated oil, on small heat and without lid!

Cherry tomatoes differ from their major fellows not only by the small size of the berries. For many varieties, Cherry is characterized by a unique sweet taste, which is very different from the classic tomato. One who has never tried such cherry tomatoes, with closed eyes may well decide that it tastes some unusual exotic fruits. In this article, I will talk about five different tomatoes Cherry, who have the sweetest fruits of unusual colors.

Grow annual flowers in the garden and on the balcony I started more than 20 years ago, but I will never forget my first petunia, which I planted on the cottage along the track. A total of decades have passed, but the diva is given, how much the petunias of the past from modern multi-panic hybrids are distinguished! In this article, I propose to trace the story of the transformation of this flower from the hatch into the real queen of annuals, as well as to consider modern varieties of unusual colors.

Salad S. spicy chicken, mushrooms, cheese and grapes are fragrant and satisfying. This dish can be served as the main, if you cook a cold dinner. Cheese, nuts, mayonnaise - Caloric products, in combination with spiced fried chicken and mushrooms, it turns out a very nutritious snack, which is refreshing with sour-sweet berries of grapes. Chicken fillet in this recipe marine in a spicy mixture of cinnamon, turmeric and chili powder. If you like food with a light, use burning chili.

Question how to grow healthy seedlings, all summer houses are concerned about. It seems, and there are no secrets here - the main thing for fast and strong germs to provide them with heat, moisture and light. But in practice, in the conditions of the city apartment or a private house, it is not so simple. Of course, each experienced gardener has its own proven method of growing seedlings. But today we will talk about a relatively new assistant in this matter - the propagator.

The variety of Tomato Sanka is one of the most sought-after in Russia. Why? The answer is simple. He is the first to be fruit in bed. Tomatoes ripen when other varieties have not even been poured. Of course, if you comply with the recommendations on cultivation and make efforts, even a novice crop will receive a rich harvest and joy from the process. And that efforts are not in vain, we advise plant high-quality seeds. For example, such as seeds from TM "Agrouse".

A task indoor plants In the house - to decorate housing overlooking housing, create a special atmosphere of comfort. For this, we are ready for them to regularly care. Care is not only in time to pour, although it is important. Other conditions must be created: suitable lighting, humidity and air temperature, make the right and timely transplant. For experienced flowerflowers, nothing supernatural about it. But newcomers are often faced with certain difficulties.

Gentle cutlets out chicken breast with champignons prepare just for this recipe with step-by-step photos. It makes it possible that from chicken breast it is difficult to cook juicy and gentle cutlets, it's not like that! The chicken meat practically does not contain fat, which is why it is dry. But if adding to chicken fillet cream, white bread And the mushrooms with a bow, it will turn out awesome tasty cutlets who will enjoy both children and adults. In the mushroom season Try to add forest mushrooms to the mince.

Mineral fertilizers are characterized by a high concentration of nutrients and in some cases are indispensable. It is important to apply them in small quantities, while simultaneously observing the level of nutrient content in the soil. In this case, mineral fertilizers will not be able to cause significant damage to the garden.

The chemical industry produces mineral fertilizers in various kinds, therefore, depending on the complexity of the composition, they are divided into simple (one-sided) and complex (complex). In addition, there are microfertilizers containing trace elements that plants are used in limited quantities, but they cannot completely do without them.

Simple mineral fertilizers have differences on the actants, i.e. The number of the main nutrient element in its composition. Therefore, simple mineral fertilizers in turn are divided into nitrogen, phosphoric and potash.

Potash fertilizers

Potash fertilizers help plants to gain resistance to adverse weather factors and extreme laptop of moisture, increase its cold resistance and intensify resistance to various diseases.

Potassium sulfate (sulfate potassium)

The best potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate (sulfate potassium), which does not contain chlorine and well soluble in water. Potassium level in its composition reaches 45%.

Potassium sulfate can be used as the main fertilizer, bringing it under spring processing Soil, or as feeding.

Potassium chloride

It is a saturated potassium fertilizer, since the potassium content reaches 63%. Chlorine, available as part of fertilizers, is well soluble in water and enters the soil in exchange form, which is easily accessible to plants, and therefore it is well absorbed. With long-term storage, the potassium chloride is very pleasant.

Potash salts

This species belongs to potassium fertilizers potassium, since it contains up to 40% of potassium. But in the composition of salts much more chlorine than in the potassium chloride and Kalimagnezia.

Potash salts are suitable for feeding many vegetable crops, but in their use, caution should be exercised in the case of growing crop chlorine, such as tomatoes, cucumbers or potatoes. In this case, potash salts are better made under autumn processing Soil, and the rest of the time it is very limited to the rest.

In some cases, gardeners use the following potash fertilizers: Cainit (11% potassium), carnallite (13% potassium), ground sulvinite (22% potassium) and Potash (55% potassium).

Phosphoric fertilizers

Phosphoric fertilizers contribute to rapid crop maturation, which is due to the property of phosphorus to reduce the growing season, which is necessary for plants for normal development of the root system.

Superphosphate

This most popular phosphoric fertilizer contains up to 21% phosphorus, as well as plaster, which serves as a source of sulfur for those in need of cultures. It is well soluble in water and soil and can be used as the main fertilizer for all types of vegetable crops, as well as feeding (20 g per 1 m 2).

Superphosphate gives a good effect when putting it in a groove during seed sowing.

Double superphosphate

Fertilizer is distinguished by an increased content (up to 50%) of phosphoric acid in the form of affordable plants for assimilation. However, there is no plaster as part of this fertilizer.

Double superphosphate is used similarly to superphosphate.

Precirate

This species is also characterized by an elevated content (up to 40%) of phosphoric acid in the form of affordable plants for assimilation.

❧ Plants indicators help the gardener to determine the depth of groundwater. Oak, Verba, Gray and Black Alder, Phachcot, Gucino, and Stuff, and Cherry and Apple trees are well growing on areas with close groundwater sitting.

Phosphorite flour, or ground phosphoritis

Fertilizer has a long action and contains up to 20% of phosphoric acid in a form available for plants. However, it is a work-soluble form of phosphoric fertilizers.

The effect of phosphoritic flour is enhanced in combination with acid nitrogen and potash fertilizers, but it should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers. A good effect gives the addition of phosphoritic flour into the compost.

Nitrogen fertilizers

Nitrogen milling fertilizers contribute to the intensive growth of leaves and other vegetative parts of plants. With their help, you can increase green deciduous mass.

Urea

Urea (carbamide) The fertilizer of gardeners use more often than others. The fact is that urea contains up to 46% nitrogen, very hygroscopic, well dissolved in water and soil, and plants absorb it easily and quickly. It is better to acquire granular fertilizer because it does not fit.

The carbamide can be made as the main fertilizer under the spring resistance of the soil, as well as the extractive feeder. For feeding, the fall is prepared with a solution with a concentration of 4-5%, in the spring - 1%.

Ammonium nitrate

The main nitrogen fertilizer is characterized by a nitrogen content of up to 35%. Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate, nitric acid ammonium) is very hygroscopic, easily dissolved in water and soil, quickly absorbed by plants.

Ammonium nitrate can be made in spring in the soil under the steamer as the main fertilizer and close with robbles or use as feeding. Ammonia nitrate is most often produced in granular form.

Ammonium sulfate

This valuable nitrogen fertilizer with a nitrogen content of up to 21% is well soluble in water, binds to the soil at a normal level of humidity and is weakly washed with water from the composition of the soil.

The disadvantages of ammonium sulfate (ammonium sulfate) can be attributed to the property of storing.

Calcium Selitra

Calcium nitrate (nitric acid calcium) is characterized by nitrogen content up to 17%, high hygroscopicity and excellent solvent in water and soil.

Calcium nitrate is quickly absorbed by plants, while the best effect gives the use of fertilizer as a liquid feeding. For the preparation of the solution you need to dissolve 100 g of nitrate in 10 liters of water, this amount is enough for feeding 1 m 2 landings.

Fertilizer is released in a granular form, and since it has a property to lift, it is best to store it in hermetic packaging.

Sodium Selitra

Sodium Selith (nitric sodium nitrate, sodium nitrate) - hygroscopic fertilizer, containing up to 16.5% nitrogen and 26% sodium, is well soluble in water and soil with a sufficient humidity level.

Sodium Selitra can be made as the main fertilizer under the spring processing of the soil at the rate of 50 g per 1 m2, to use as feeding in a dry form (20 g per 1 m2) or as a solution. The liquid feeding is prepared in the ratio of 20 g per 1 liter of water, which is designed for the application to 1 m 2 of the soil.

Sodium nitrate is better to use in a mixture with superphosphate, because in this case it can be made under all vegetable crops. The disadvantages of sodium nitric acid can be attributed to its property to storing.

Magnesium and iron-containing fertilizers

Magnesium is an element necessary for the formation of chlorophyll. Dolomite (21% magnesium oxide), sulfate magnesium (16% magnesium oxide) and borometric waste containing 1-2% boron and 13-14% magnesium oxide are worthy of attention.

When making such potash fertilizerAs Kalimag and Calimagnesia, there is simultaneous enrichment of soil and potassium, and magnesium.

Most often, magnesium is introduced with soil lime using magnesium-containing fertilizers, which contributes to the increase in yields. It is best to carry out similar events in the autumn soil repack, as this will provide a plant with magnesium for a long time.

Iron is necessary plants for the formation of chlorophyll, as well as to support other vital processes. Especially those cultures are needed, which in large volumes take it out of the soil: cucumbers, tomatoes, salad, beets, radishes, dill, spinach.

Typically, plants have a rather natural content of iron in the soil in the form of various salts. Specially glazed fertilizers are rarely used, mainly for extractive feeding at obvious manifestations of iron deficiency (necrosis) on the leaves.

Dolomitic, Flour

The substance is a lime fertilizer, neutralizing soil acidity and containing up to 56% calcium and 42% magnesium in the form of carbonates. As impurities in Dolomite flour there are a number of trace elements, as well as sand and clay (1.5-4%).

Spring dolomite flour It can be made to the soil at least 3 weeks before sowing or disembarking cultures in an open soil or greenhouse. This period of time is especially important to observe if manure was previously introduced into the soil.

Kalimagnesia.

Calimagnesia (potassium magnesium sulfate) contains up to 30% potassium, a slight amount of chlorine, magnesium and sulfur and is well soluble in water, so it is easily absorbed by the soil and plants. It can be used as the main fertilizer.

Kizerit

Kizryit (magnesium sulfate) - a source of magnesium and sulfur for farm crops, is a water-soluble fertilizer.

Magnesium sulfate contains in the form of impurities of sodium, chlorine, iron and manganese. This is a highly efficient means, the rate of which is twice as low as Magnesium sulfate.

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

The substance is a three-component complex fertilizer, which contains Yu-11% nitrogen, 39-40% phosphorus and 15-16% magnesium. All the main elements of fertilizer are available for plants, but it can be attributed to slow and weak funds in water.

Magnesium ammonium phosphate can be made as the main fertilizer for all vegetable crops in large doses without harm to plants. However, it gives a greater effect when growing vegetables in the conditions of protected soil.

Nitrate Magnesium

This fully water-soluble fertilizer is suitable for a layered fuel in greenhouses and an open ground, satisfying the need of plants in magnesium during the growing season. The rate of making this fertilizer differs depending on the crumpled crops and is 1 t. L. on 10 liters of water for potatoes and rooteploods, 0.5 h. 10 liters of water for vegetable crops.

Epsomite, or Magnesium sulfate

Novofert

Water soluble fertilizer containing the main nutritional elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and eliminating chlorine. The Novofefer is in its composition a balanced complex of trace elements: copper, iron, cobalt, zinc, boron and molybdenum.

Fertilizer well soluble in water is easily absorbed by plants, but not absorbed by the soil, so it can be used through extraxanle feeders, drip irrigation or treatment of planting material.

Novofefer should not be used in hot sunny weather and must be kept as far as possible from direct sunlight.

❧ Plants indicators will help the gardener to determine the degree of soil acidity on the site. On soils S. increased level Acidness Rasta Torchnik Bolotnaya, Buttercups, a core of meadow, a European student, but the legumes of the crops do not take root here.

Comprehensive fertilizers

Complex fertilizers contain two or three nutrient elements at once as part of a chemical compound. They are obtained in the process of chemical interaction of the initial components, so they are double, such as, for example, nitrogen-phosphoric, nitrogen-potash or phosphorus-potash fertilizers, or triple, as nitrogen-phosphorous-potash fertilizers. According to the method of production, complex fertilizers are complex, complicated, mixed, or combined and mixed.

Complex fertilizers usually contain two or three nutrient elements. So, ammophos contains nitrogen and phosphorus, and the potash nitrate - nitrogen and potassium. The ratio between nutritional elements in complex fertilizers is determined by their formula.

Mixed fertilizers are mixtures of simple fertilizers that are obtained in factory conditions or on the grounds of their use using tuk zealous installations.

Combined-mixed, or combined fertilizers are obtained during a single technological process By special chemical and physical processing of primary raw materials or diverse single and two-component fertilizers. Each granule of combination fertilizer contains the same two or three main elements of plants, but in the form of various chemical compounds. Complexed fertilizers include: nitropos and nitroposk, nitroammophos and nitroammophos, ammonium and potassium polyphosphates, carbon phosphates, phosphoric-potash pressed fertilizers, liquid complex fertilizers.

The ratio between power elements in these fertilizers is determined by the number of materials that were involved in obtaining them. They are distinguished by the high concentration of the main nutrient elements. In addition, ballast substances in them are or completely absent, or there are in a very small volume.

In the specialized market, complex fertilizers are predominantly predominantly:

Double nitrogen-phosphoric fertilizers (ammophos, nitroammophos and nitrophos);

Double phosphorus-potash fertilizers (potassium phosphates);

Triple complex fertilizers (ammophos, nitroammophos and nitroposk).

Ammophos.

Granulated concentrated complex phosphorous fertilizer, which contains nitrogen and phosphorus in a ratio of 12: 52. Nutrients included in its composition are predominantly in a water-soluble form, which is easily absorbed by plants.

Ammophos is beneficial to the fact that 1 kg of this fertilizer can be replaced simultaneously 2.5 kg of simple superphosphate and 0.35 kg of ammonium nitrate. It can be made when sowing as the main fertilizer under all vegetable crops and potatoes. At the same time, it almost does not absorb moisture from the air, so it is well seed and does not fit.

The disadvantage of this fertilizer is that the nitrogen content in it is much smaller than phosphorus, although in practice they are usually made in the same doses, therefore it has to add the desired number of one-sided nitrogen fertilizer.

Diammophos.

Complex phosphorous fertilizer with a content of 20-21% nitrogen and 51-53% phosphorus. The effectiveness of this substance is higher than that of ammonium, so when it is used, it is not necessary to additionally make nitrogen.

Diammo phosphos is well soluble in water, does not contain ballast substances, therefore does not worsen the properties of the soil, although it is a little acidic. Fertilizer does not fit when stored.

Nitrophines and nitroposki

Double and triple fertilizers obtained by processing apatite or phosphorite. By adding different components, carbonate nitroposk and phosphoric nitroposk are obtained.

In nitroposses, nitrogen and potassium are present in the form of easily soluble compounds. Phosphorus can be contained both in water insoluble in water, but available to plants and partially in a water-soluble form (up to 59%). This ratio may vary depending on the technological scheme of production.

Neither the nitality can be made as the main fertilizer to sowing, in rows or wells when crops, as well as support.

Azophoska.

Azophoska, or nitroammofosk - granulated highly efficient full mineral fertilizer contains in an easily digestible form of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 16: 16: 16. This three-component fertilizer provides a significant increase in harvest, with its use there is no need to make additional substances. In addition, it is good because it is not hygroscopic, non-toxic and unprofitable, has a 100% crushing and does not fit with long-term storage.

Azophosku can be applied under all cultures as a major fertilizer or as feeding.

Nitrogen-phosphorus potassium fertilizer 13:19:19

Universal granulated complex fertilizer does not contain nitrates and can be used for any agricultural crops, since its nutrients are well absorbed by plants.

Fertilizer well affects the growth of plants in the initial period of development, rooting seedlings when disembarking into the ground, increases the stability of crops to short-live frost and lack of moisture, reduces the accumulation of nitrates in fruits and vegetables, extends the storage time.

It can be used as the main fertilizer with a peopling in spring or autumn and before sowing by entering into rows, furrows or wells, as well as for feeding in a dry and liquid form.

Diammophos

Diammofosk (DafK) is a highly efficient concentrated granular fertilizer containing three main batteries (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and macroselements such as sulfur, magnesium and calcium. In addition, other microelements (salts of copper, zinc, manganese, iron and silicon) include in small quantities in its composition, which increase the agrochemical value of fertilizer.

Diammophos can be used for feeding vineyards and fruit plantings. The greatest benefit This fertilizer brings with a local (ribbon) method of making.

Fertilizers containing trace elements

Microfertilizers are fertilizers containing in minor quantities of boron, copper, molybdenum, zinc and other trace elements.

The need of plants in trace elements increases with increasing doses organic and mineral fertilizers. For example, when making a large volume of phosphoric fertilizers in plants, the need for zinc increases, and when potash is in Bore.

To replenish trace elements in the soil use different kinds Microfertres that are produced in the form of powders, granules and tablets. As needed, they are included in mixed fertilizers, bring together with extractive feeders and are used for pre-sowing seed treatment.

Born

This group is presented, first of all, by a boric superphosphate containing 20% \u200b\u200bphosphorus and 0.2% boron, boron-magnesium waste (1-2% boron and 13-14% magnesium oxide) and boric acid (17.1-17, 3% boron).

Borny superphosphate usually brought in spring for presets plowing 300-350 g per 10 m2. Boric acid in the form of 0.02-0.04% solution is used for pre-sowing processing of seeds and extra -orn subordinate Plants.

Copper

If necessary, pyrite flats containing about 0.2-0.3% copper are used for feeding plants. For pre-sowing processing of seeds and extraxornal feeding, 0.02-0.05% copper sulfate solution is used.

❧ On weakly acid soil, such plants are greatly growing as the nettle is burning, lungs, raspberry, currant-cherry. If Astra Solonchakaya, Warf, Lucerne Sickle, Mother and Wormower or Wormown, feel on the site.

Molybdenum

Contribute to increasing yields, increasing the content in different parts Plant proteins, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and vitamins. Molybdenum superphosphate containing 0.1-0.2% molybdenum can be made as the main fertilizer or as feeding into rows.

Manganese

The Manganese is involved in the breathing of plants and photosynthesis, so manganese fertilizers are necessary for plants to normalize redox processes. For these purposes, manganese sludge is used (9-15% manganese) and manganese superphosphate (2-3% manganese), which are suitable for the main and row in the soil, while the processing of seeds and extractive feeders are carried out using manganese sulfate (21-22 % manganese), on the basis of which a 0.01-0.05% aqueous solution is prepared.

Zinc

This group is also required plants To normalize redox processes, represented by a sulfical zinc (25% zinc). A 0.01-0.02% aqueous solution of sulfate zinc is prepared for the extra-corner feeding of plants, and for pre-sowing seed treatment - 0.05-0.1% aqueous solution.

Get a rich harvest dream of large agricultural firms and dacities in their sites. For the first there is no question - do you need chemical fertilizersAnd amateur gardeners often prefer to do without them. Is it correct? Do I need to make mineral feeding? Is there damage to fertilizers (tukov)? Useful to know the answers to these questions.

What is mineral fertilizers

Dachini, fearing chemistry, prefer to feed the plants with organic fertilizers, without thinking that they are in them a small amount of useful components. Vegetables, berries, shrubs for proper growth and yields should receive many different elements. Often the nutrition is not enough due to the characteristics of the soil:

• clay - iron, manganese;
• peathers - copper;
• acid, swampy - zinc;
• sandstones have a lack of magnesium, potassium, nitrogen.

Plants signal about their problems by changing the color of leaves, size and form of fruit. The task of man is to make a timely feeding. Mineral fertilizers are chemical compounds of inorganic origin. They have one main component or several. Useful substances while in the form mineral salts, help:

• increase in harvest;
• strengthening plants;
• protection against pests;
• stimulation of growth and nutrition;
• improving the quality of fruits;
• soil restoration;
• weed protection;
• strengthening the immunity of plants.

Types of mineral fertilizers

The tuk mixture is used with intense agriculture in solid firms, dumart sites. What does mineral fertilizers relate? It is important to know the characteristics of different categories. The types of fertilizers and their classification are distinguished:

• Simple or unilateral, having a single substance. These include phosphoric, potash, nitrogen tuki.
• Complex minerals include several active substances that simultaneously affect the soil, plants.
• Microfertilizers with a complex composition of trace elements - molybdenum, calcium, iodine, manganese.

Nitrogen

The use of high nitrogen mineral tanks helps the development of the stem and leaves of the plant, which is necessary in the spring. Good solubility allows them to be liquid, solid use. Nitrogen Mineral Fertilizers are classified:

• Nitrate - calcium, sodium nitrate, suitable for sour soilrecommended by plants with a short period of maturation - radishes, salad. With an excess, damages harm - accumulated by the fruits.
• Ammonium - ammonium sulfate - requires autumn deposit. Onions, tomatoes, cucumbers react to him well.

Find the use of U. large manufacturers and private owners such species of fertilizers:

• Amid - urea - has the highest concentration of nitrogen, contributes to a large harvest. It requires putting to the ground, useful for tomatoes during tying, growth.
• Ammonio-nitrate - ammonium nitrate - with a combination with potassium, phosphorus increases the crop of grain crops, beets, potatoes.

Potash

To raise resistance to diseases, improving taste, increasing the fetus fetus can not do without potassium. Popular types of potash fertilizers:

• Potassium chloride is a natural raw material extracted from ore. Contains chlorine, which makes harm to some plants. To avoid bad effects, fertilizer should be made in the fall. It acts well on beets, barley, potatoes, buckwheat.

Together with trace elements, phosphorus and nitrogen, potassium increases the yield of plants. Distribution received fertilizers:

• Potassium salt - has a high concentration of potassium, it is made in autumn. Promotes the growth of potatoes, grain crops.
• Potash nitrate - contains azot, useful when tying and ripening fruits.
• Potassium sulphate is used when feeding all crops, put into the soil when growing root.

Phosphorus

To feed berry bushes, trees need phosphorus. Its use accelerates the cropping of fruits, increases the frost resistance in winter. Effective feeding with phosphoric fertilizers:

• Simple superphosphate - fall asleep into the ground, used during flowering period. Perfect fertilizer for colors.
• Phosphorite flour - requires acid soil for action. Fits grain vegetable cultures. Can provide a plant with phosphorus for many years.
• Double superphosphate is used for berry bushes, fall in autumn for flowers for better wintering.

Microfertres

The classification of mineral fertilizers for feeding plants is a group with trace elements. Often in the soil there are no molybdenum, copper or manganese. You can fill the deficiency of iron or zinc, by treating the seed material with mineral microfertilizers, while observing the norm. When using them actively develops root system, The protection against disease is increased, growth is accelerated.

Classify types of microfertres on the active substance:

• integrated - contain several elements - increase yield, struggle with pests - "Master", "Sizam", "Oracle";
• copper - for wetlands - copper cunery, cchedan;
• born - have a property to activate the growth of young plants - Bura, boric acid;
• molybdenum - for forest soils - ammonium molybdenum-sour.

Complex mineral fertilizers

To this group, mineral tanks include multilateral drugs that have several actants consisting of several actants. Comprehensive mineral fertilizer solves various problems - increases the crop, counteracts weeds, pests, improves the quality of colors. This group refers:

• Ammophos - nitrogen-phosphoric Tuk. Suitable for vegetable, berry crops, especially good for colors - they begin violent growth, lush flowering.
• Diammofoska - contains basic substances - potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus and trace elements. Fertilizer helps to fight pests, used for all plants.

Large agricultural firms contribute to the soil of complex fertilizers using a tank seeder, as in the photo. Dachnips scatter them in spring or autumn, depending on the type of soil. Popular mineral complexes:

• Nitroammophos. Suitable for any plants and soils - in clay in autumn, in sandy - in spring, in front of the polar.
• Nitroposka. Great for tomatoes, improving their taste, increasing the size. It is used in spring and during vegetation. Cucumbers are not amazed by diseases.

The use of mineral fertilizers

Experienced gardener by appearance Plants will determine what substances are not enough. What are mineral fertilizers and their use on the plot:

• with nitrogen deficiency, growth is slowed, die down the lower leaves dry;
• the lack of phosphorus is manifested by a reddish, grayish gray;
• the disadvantage of potassium reduces the germination of seeds, increases susceptibility to disease, the lower leaves on the edges begin to yellow, become brown, die;
• in the absence of zinc, the apple tree is formed a small outlet;
• magnesium deficiency is marked by a pale greens.

Apply nutritious tuki by introducing into the soil during loosening, watering dissolved drugs. When using mineral connections, it is impossible to mix fertilizer groups:

• urea with lime, simple superphosphate, manure, ammonia nitrate;
• ammonium sulfate with dolomite, chalk;
• simple superphosphate with lime, ammonium nitrate, urea;
• potash salt with Dolomite, chalk.

Before starting the nutrition of plants and soil, it is necessary to deal with the rules of tanks. There are methods for making mineral fertilizers depending on:

• Nitrogen is sealed in the soil in the spring, when dripping - has the ability to evaporate. In case of autumn use, useful substances will be wrapped with rains.
• The ammonium saltper is scattered through the snow, which the granules are melting, breaking through the soil.

Other active mineral components have their own features:

• Potassium is burned in the soil in spring and autumn. Potassium chloride is preferable to apply at the end of the summer to destroy chlorine.
• Phosphorus can be made at any time. It should be borne in mind that it is badly soluble in water, can reach the roots in 2 months. It is preferable to fertilize at the end of summer to strengthen plants to the winter season.

Dose calculation

Specialists of large agrofirms calculate the doses of fertilizers depending on the type of soil separately for each culture. At the same time, the standard of use of mineral tanks on the hectare of the Earth is taken into account. It is important to know the content of the active substance in the composition. Dachini can use the norms of making mineral fertilizers in grams on square meter:

• ammonia Selitra - 15-25;
• superphosphate - 40-60;
• potassium chloride - 15-20;
• nitroammofoska - 70-80.

Selection of fertilizers

Winter is the time of preparation for the new season. Any specialized store can offer many drugs for plants. To choose the right to choose mineral fertilizers, it is necessary to take into account the tasks to be solved with their help, to provide a number of factors:

• the desired impact;
• seasonality of use;
• formation and volume;
• manufacturer.

Impact

By its influence, fertilizers are divided like this:

• Soil reduction. "Kemira Lux" - promotes growth in climate change. Plus - excellent quality, minus - strong deoxidation of the soil.
• Protection against pests. "Gumatem" - increases the harvest due to their absence. Plus - neutralization of the action of pesticides. The disadvantage is the need for strict adherence to the dose.

By influence allocate such fertilizers:

• Growth stimulation. "Emix" - increases yield, immunity. Plus - high concentration, you need a small amount. Disadvantage - time required for cooking.
• Protection from weeds. Etisso - gives an excellent effect for lawn grass. Plus - affects plants through leaves and roots. Minus - acts on next year.
• Immunity increase. Nitroammofoska - suitable for all cultures. Plus - easy dissolution in water. Disadvantage - a small shelf life.

Seasonality

When choosing Mineral Tukov, you need to pay attention to seasonality:

• Spring - time of nitrogen fertilizers. Urea - promotes the growth of stems, leaves. Plus - well absorbed by plants. Minus - with overdose of small fruits, a set of green mass.
• Summer requires phosphoric fertilizers. Superphosphate - promotes the formation of fruits. Plus - meets the need for a particular substance. Minus - the absence of trace elements.

Making focus on seasonality, you need to consider:

• In winter, plants do not eat, for their preparation for the cold season, autumn fertilizers use. Potassium sulfate - appropriately, helps to move frost. Plus - well absorbed, disadvantage - not for all soils.
• All-season fertilizers. FERTIKA - Complex drug. Plus - contains many useful actors. Minus - Microelements are additionally necessary.

Form release

In appearance, Mineral Tuki are divided into 3 groups:

• Granules. Superphosphate - introduced into the soil at the polar, is used in dissolved form. Plus - ease of use. Minus - long dissolves.
• Liquid. Carbido-ammonia mix - used during watering. Plus is a high concentration, minus - it is necessary to comply with the norms when feeding.
• Powder. Magnesium lime - entered into the soil at Popile. Plus - quickly absorbed. The disadvantage is poorly stored, it is pleasant.