The transformation of small tomato seeds in a powerful bush takes not one month. Therefore, they are planted early, in winter. The most impatient vegetables for the pre-sowing treatment of seeds is January 23-28. Terms of mass crops - February 7-14. You can begin to germinate seeds until March 14, but not later. It is better to sow seeds in 2-3 times. This will help to progress in the case if part of the seedlings perish. This technique can be "stretch" fruiting from early July to mid-October.

Growing seedlings

After you have decided on the term, get seeds. Place them in a small glass jar. Put a piece of double gauze on it, secure on the neck with a gum. Prepare the solution, lowering in 200 g of water 2-3 crystal of manganese. Stir her, pour into the jar. After 20 minutes, drain the liquid. Rinse the contents of the jar with water.

Put the seeds for gauze, which is bed on a saucer. Prepare a solution of any growth stimulator according to the instructions. If it is not, add a quarter a teaspoon of juice juice in 100 g of water, pour this solution into seeds for 10 hours. Then pour it out, place the saucer on the refrigerator. Now you can plant seeds in the prepared container with the Earth.

Make a groove to a depth of 1.5 cm. Blank the vessel with the earth with the cellophane, remove into a warm place. As soon as the first light peel of the sprout appears, put the container on the window. When shooting will be 4 weeks, take each into a small cup. Even through the same amount - in the tank more. All this time, from the moment of the appearance of germs, provide sponsors to the jurisdiction in the evening and morning hours. Do not overcoat the soil, and the temperature on the window, where there is seedlings, do not lift + 24 ° C. Then she will not stretch.

Rechazzle seedlings in the ground

In warm tomato sit on May 1-15, under the easy shelter 15-25 of the number of this month, in open sad - May 20-30.

Make the holes in a depth of 15 cm at a distance of 50 -60 cm in a checker order. Pour in them first at 0.5 cl. Complex fertilizer, on a tablespoon of ash. Blank it in a liter of humus. Well span a hole. Cover the cup with scissors on one side and its bottom. Carefully free the plant. With a room, put it in the prepared pam. Immediately put the stick-support near each plant. Tie her to her rope of the G8 loop.

Shed in the evening or in the afternoon of cloudy weather. If the next days promise to be sunny, shift it with light cloth or newspapers.

Good and strong tomato seedlings: how to grow it to get it good harvest? It is necessary not only to comply with the technology of selection and disembarking of seeds, but also know some features of watering and feeding. Success is due to compliance with all stages of growing tomatoes from seeds.

Tomato seedlings can be obtained when growing at home. At the same time, a good harvest eventually ensured if the plant is healthy. To do this, it is necessary to make a maximum effort, carry out due care for the seedle tomato. To correctly grow a tomato seedlings, you need to purchase certain knowledge and skills. After all, the majority of vegetable vegetables allow many mistakes. Especially big problems arise when disembarking tomato seeds to seedlings. All flaws are reflected on the fruction of an adult culture.

How to plant tomatoes on seedlings? initial stage It is to land tomatoes with seeds. In this case, it is important to determine correctly. The final stage is the seedling tomato seedlings for growing in the open soil. If the whole process is carried out on the balcony, the cultivation of seedlings at the final stage is implemented in special boxes.

Preparation of seeds to sowing (video)

Providing landing material

Plant seeds of tomato needed in a certain time. Usually, experts recommend producing this operation on average 60 days before it is expected to plant tomato seedlings into open ground, in drawers on the balcony or to a greenhouse (best of the polycarbonate).

For seeds, the tomato is characterized by a fairly fast ability to unite after disembarkation, but all must be provided the necessary conditions. Depending on the grade, the tomato seeds can arouse in 4-11 days. However, there are also such options that are able to give shoots after 5 days. In this regard, the average period of time is determined during which the tomato seedlings to keep in room conditions - 53 days. The report is conducted from the moment that shoots appeared.

The cultivation of tomatoes is paid to special attention if the whole process passes on the windowsill in the apartment. Here it is necessary to take into account that for the seedlings of the tomato is unacceptable long stay in a closed room. Adult bush ceases to develop normally, which leads to a bad harvest.

Before planting seeds, you need to focus on climatic features Region. For example:

• for the southern region of the country - starting from February 20 to mid-March;
• for the central part - from mid-March to April;
• for the northern regions - from the beginning to mid-April.

Tomato seedling seedlings in open ground can be made in next time:

• for the southern region of the country - from mid-April to mid-May;
• for the central part - from the second week of May and before June;
• for the Northern Regions - from the 20th of May and until mid-June.

You need to close the tomato in these terms, but follow the frosts, which often in spring adversely affect the grown cultures. If there is a tomato seedlings in a greenhouse, and not in the open area, the time of sowing of the tomato seeds will be moved 2 weeks earlier.

Picking of tomatoes seedlings (video)

Favorable conditions for growth

For the cultivation of tomatoes, special conditions must be created that allow the plant to remain healthy and well fruit. Before planting tomato seeds, you need to take care of some items. Usually, planting tomatoes seeds are taken into small drawers, which are placed on the windowsill. This place is considered comfortable in order to grow faster to the seeds faster and turned into full-fledged seedlings. However, often in the specified location seeds did not feel comfortable, and therefore slow down with shoots. After that, the plants themselves grow slowly, which makes them weakened and black for transplant.

Even on the windowsill for seedlings, you need to create special conditions.

We plant tomatoes to seedlings only when there is a large amount of sunlight on the windowsill.If it is not enough, then you need to use artificial lighting sources. It is necessary that the shadow from trees and other objects do not fall on the window. It is better to place drawers with tomatoes on the southern windowsill.

For tomato seedlings, a high level of humidity is very important, since at the expense of it the plant is able to grow faster and string, which will ensure further transplant. To maintain moisture in normal limits, you need to spray plants several times a day. To do this, you can use a special sprayer.

At any time of the day, tomatoes must be in a comfortable temperature for them. In a daytime period of time, such a value ranges in the area of \u200b\u200b20 ° C, and at night - 13 ° C.

How to dive tomatoes (video)

Preparation of material

Preparation of seeds Tomato comes down to several procedures (can be viewed on video 1), which are aimed at rapid germination of seeds. First of all, it is necessary to soak seeds in a special solution. It will take such elements for its preparation: water - 100 ml and hydrogen peroxide - 3 ml.

In water room temperature Dilsert hydrogen peroxide. After that, the solution is heated, and seeds are placed in it for 10 minutes. This procedure is aimed at disinfection.

Preparation of tomato seeds to landing as described by action is not limited. It is necessary to ensure the conditions for their further development. Seeding can be carried out with a tissue that should be cotton. It must be moistened in ordinary water, after that, the seeds are laid onto a portion of the flap of the fabric, and the second part of the tissue needs to be covered.

In order for the process of germination to occur faster, it is necessary to ensure and comfortable temperature regime. Fabric with seeds need to put in a special plastic container. It is necessary to cover it with a film, but loosely. Thus, it will be possible to save the heat, but the required amount of air will come.

Palets on tomatoes (video)

Preparation of soil

Landing seeds to seedlings requires soil to be prepared properly. Growing can only be carried out in fertile soil. In addition, it is necessary to take care that it is not subject to infectious microorganisms. Grow tomatoes from seed will be able to safely in the soil that is sold in specialized stores. However, most often vegetables choose ground in their own sect. It may not be good enough.

Soil processing is performed at home:

• it is possible to calcinate the soil in the oven, while the procedure is carried out for 10 minutes at 200 ° C;
• you can warm the soil in the microwave (1 minute at power 850);
• boiling water treatment;
• treatment with a solution of manganese.

This will help remove possible dangerous bacteria from the soil, organisms, etc. Most successfully copes with a high temperature task.

Seed landing procedure

To plant seeds, you need to take care of the tank. There are many options for choice, as it can be special wooden boxes, peat, paper or plastic pots. It is quite convenient and practical to use glasses with a removable bottom. They need to plant tomatoes, and after a certain time, the bottom is removed, which allows the plant to extract, not traumating the root system. It is necessary to grow seedlings only in the prepared dishes. Therefore, the containers are treated with a solution of manganese.

Tomatoes grow better if there is a special layer of drainage at the bottom of the tank. This is quite important, because it allows you to avoid infection with a black leg. Correct the seeds into the container correctly, at the bottom of which there is a crushed seven. Its layer should not exceed 0.5 cm, the soil falls asleep on top. It is necessary to pour water into the container to moisten the soil, top with the ground so that the humidity is evenly distributed throughout the volume.

After 5 hours, planting tomatoes on seedlings can be carried out. This will require a toothpick or any other similar means. With it, they are made in the soil shallow holes (0.5 cm), and seeds are placed in them. The cultivation will pass correctly if the soil is slightly risen and not very tamped. A little pour water.

It is necessary to grow seedlings in a warm place, so the container is sent to comfortable conditions. Often, the cups are covered on top of the film, but it is not too thin, until the tomato germinates.

Planting tomatoes to greenhouse (video)

Growth period

Care of the seedlings of tomatoes should be ensured in a special way. Growing it out of seeds, you need to monitor the appearance of germs. This is a signal that the film has already completed its function and can be removed. How to grow seedlings in the future? At first, the temperature regime should be maintained at the same level. Shoots did not grow up and when changing conditions can die or loosen.

How to care for seedle tomatoes to get a good result? All the time you need to follow the humidity of the soil. For grown tomatoes, it is important that the soil is not and overly wet, as it is negatively reflected on the root system. Cultivation of seedlings Tomato will be optimal if watering is rainwater. Otherwise, you can use conventional water that is cleaned by the filter.

How to properly care for the seedle? 7 days after the appearance of shoots, tomatoes are ready to reduce the temperature regime. In this case, the temperature value can reach an average of 18 ° C. We grow plants in a wrapped room, but without draft.

Prication events

How to plant tomato seedlings? Many vegetables are thinking about the need to dive. The seedlings grown to certain sizes may feel bad in the previous conditions, so it can be safely replant. Video 2 displays this process. The grown seedlings do not scare a new place, and it grows well.

How to plant seedlings when picking? You need to focus on the external signs of tomatoes. Separate tomato on another place is possible if the seedy leaves developed quite well. One of the leaves should be at least 5 mm.

How to plant seedlings when dive to continue to grow well and develop? To do this, shorten the main root on 1/3 part, root system It will become more developed.

How to plant plants? To do this, prepare a separate container. When landing on seedlings take into account the depth of which the further development of tomato depends. The optimal level of deepening plants - to seedy leaves. Sometimes vegetables use a special seedlings for planting seedlings, which is a special blade. Its use allows you to leave the root system of culture unharmed.

In order for the cultivation of tomato seedlings in the future, it was successful, you need the soil around the stem a little tamper. Watering is a prerequisite. On video 3, it is possible to get better familiar with the process. If we plant tomatoes on the seedlings, after the dive it is not necessary to forget about the correct lighting. In additional sources of light, it will need after 3 days. And in the first days, straight sun rays can negatively affect its condition, so cultivation needs to be carried away from them.

Before planting seedlings into an open ground or a new place to pick up, a week before you need to hang up tips. However, plants should have time to grasp, as shown in video 4.

How to grow seedlings? To do this, it is necessary to conduct certain procedures that allow the plant to grow more successfully. Growing should pass with good lighting. The maximum amount of daylight day is 18 hours. It is such a quantity of light enough to get healthy plants that are suitable for sale and for other purposes.

At the present stage, experienced vegetables are increasingly suggesting that the extra light is not needed. Thus, we plant tomatoes on seedlings without ensuring alternative lighting sources, which gives nice results. But at the same time you need to follow the right temperature regime.

How to grow tomatoes to provide a good harvest? There are a large number of parameters on which the seedlings fortress depends, its ability to be taken in the open soil. If we plant tomatoes to seedlings, then you should not forget that they need feeding. There is a large selection of natural and organic fertilizers (video 5).

For tomatoes, certain preparations add certain drugs before planting the soil. They are feeding. For example, the Gumi, which refers to the category of bio-fobties. Its use allows seedlings to remain strong. After the transplantation to the open soil or greenhouse, it is capable of quickly blooming and giving marks. The number of fruits on the bushes cannot but rejoice.

Related records:

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Some of the most common vegetables in the world are tomatoes. In the regions with cold winters, tomatoes are usually grown ensure. How to plant tomato seedlings and how to grow it? It is necessary to start growing seedlings in January-March. This requires seeds and a soil tank. You can grow seedlings on the windowsill. This is a rather complicated and laborious process. If the seedlings are grown competently, then the yield of tomatoes will be excellent.

Preparation of seeds

Before planting seeds into the soil, they must be carefully prepared.

If the processing of seeds is performed correctly, the seedlings will be a high-quality and good harvest you are guaranteed.

First you need to sort the seed, checking them on fullness. For this, the seeds are immersed in a 6% salt solution. To prepare such a solution, you need to stir 2 tablespoons of a cook salt in a liter of water. Immersing the seeds into the solution, they are stirred and after 7-8 minutes they are removed to the surface, and the rest are washed and continue their preparation for seedlings. Then the seeds are disinfected in a solution of manganese and washed again with water. It is necessary to prepare a 1% solution of manganese, having stirred 2 grams of manganese in 200 milligrams of water.

Then the seeds are washed again. Next, they are enriched with mineral fertilizers. To do this, use a ready-made mixture purchased in the store, or make a solution yourself. In 1 liter of water immersed 0.02 g boric acid0.5 g of superphosphate, 0.3 g of potassium salt, 0.08 g copper Kaper, 0.1 g of ammonium sulfate, 0.05 g of molybdenum-oxid ammonium. In such a solution, the seeds are soaked for a day. Then the seeds are germ in warmth in wet fabric.

Many gardeners watered with melt water. But it is impossible to use water from urban snow, as it contains many harmful impurities and can cause harm to seeds. Water for watering can be prepared by themselves. Take a plastic bottle, pour into it a standing water from under the tap and put it open to the frost. When almost all the water freeze, it is necessary to pierce the bottle and drain the water that does not frozen. It is in this water that are impurities harmful to seedlings. Then, after 10 minutes, drain the water that flashes around the edges. It also contains chemical impurities. The ice remained in the bottle - this is best water For watering. If such water is not able to prepare, then the seedlings can be watering ordinary warm water, outstanding at least 10 hours.

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Soil and Capacity for seedlings

How to plant a tomato seedlings? It is planted in loose soil, which contains nutrients And it retains the water well.For getting best harvest Seedlings must be planted into the turf. It is necessary to add sand and humus. To achieve normal soil acidity, add 0.5 liters of resin and 100 grams of chalk per 10 liters of the soil mixture. Such a mixture can be bought in the store. Now there are high-quality mixtures containing nutrients needed for seedling.

How to raise tomato seedlings? Gardeners typically grow a large number of seedlings. Seeds are initially planted into large containers, and then sprouts are divened to another container. Many are used for planting sprouts bags from under milk. But in such packages, bacteria may appear, which leads to the appearance of mold. So pickup seedlings need to be carried out either in ordinary plastic bottlesOr into special peat pots that can be purchased in the store. At the bottom of all these tanks there should be holes for drainage.

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Sowing and growing seedlings

Before planting seeds you need to pre-fill the container soil mixture So that it is lower than the edge of 3 cm. Then the soil should be pouring, close the film and leave the moisture to the uniform penetration under the film for a day. Then the soil is smoothed and the holes in it are 0.5 cm in it. Seeds plant them. The surface of the soil, after the end of the seed planting, you need to pour a solution of manganese, then cover the tank with a film or a glass cover and put it in heat.

After a week, sprouts appear. After that, the film must be removed, and put the seedlings into a bright place. The ambient temperature must be maintained at about 15 degrees. It continues within a week. Then, after the sprouts are fixed, it is necessary to increase the temperature of up to 24 degrees during the day and up to 12 degrees at night.

After the first leaflets appeared, the sprouts are picked in a separate container. Before carrying out a transplant, you need to make sure that the sprouts are sufficiently hardened. For the good development of the root system during transplant, it is necessary to pinch the main root. Before planting sprouts in open ground, it is necessary to harde the seedlings. To do this, reduce temperatures up to 17 degrees.

The seedlings planted in the ground should be fed. The first feeding should be performed 10 days after the transplantation. You need to take 30 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium sulphate, 4 g of urea and dissolve them in 10 liters of water. Such a mixture can also be bought in the store. After 2 weeks, they perform the second feeding. After each feeding, there is seedlings and break the soil. Excessive irrigation seedlings should be avoided, as this can lead to diseases. It is necessary that the lighting is sufficient.

Tomato seedlings can be planted in protected soil in May. You can produce landing in June in June. For disembarking seedlings the best place There will be a solar piece of land with a sudent or a thin soil type. 10 days before the start of the landing, it is necessary to spray the earth with a solution of copper sulfate in order to protect the seedlings from fungal diseases. Then each sprout is planted in their hole and plow ground. After that, each sprout is watered and sticking along with him to the ground pegs so that the future plant can rely on it.

Healthy seedlings Tomato - a guarantee of the abundant yield of tomatoes. Errors that allow novice gardens at the sowing stage of seeds and cultivating seedlings will definitely affect the fruiting of an adult plant. In this case, things can not be! Let's try to deal with all the stages of growing tomato seedlings, starting with the definition of sowing deadlines and, ending, disembarking bushes in open soil (in boxes - if it is assumed to grow on the balcony).

Approximately seeds of tomatoes should be sowing 55-65 days before the seedlings landing in an open soil or greenhouse. Seeds spare enough quickly - 5-10 days after sowing. Therefore, the average term of maintaining seedlings on the windowsill (from the appearance of shoots) is 45-60 days.

It is important to determine the deadlines correctly in order not to redeem seedlings on the windowsill. This is fraught with the oppression of the growth of an adult bush and a decrease in yield.

Averaged time for sowing Tomato:

• in the southern regions of Russia and Ukraine - from the 20s of February to March 15 (landing in og - from April 15 to May 20);
• in the central regions of Russia - from March 15 to April 1 (landing in og - from May 10 to the first numbers of June);
• in the northern regions (Siberia, Ural) - from April 1 to April 15 (landing in og - from May 25 to June 15).

To accurately answer the question when to plant a tomato seedlings, you need to know about the deadline for the end of spring frosts in your region. After counting it from this period 55-65 days ago, you can accurately determine the date of the desired landing.

If you plan to plant tomato seedlings not in open soil, but to a greenhouse or on a glazed balcony, then sowing work can be started for 2-3 weeks earlier.

Terms of growing tomato seedlings

When growing tomato seedlings on the windowsill, create the conditions with the following seedlings:

• large light - it is desirable that the windows come to the south are not shaded by trees (with a lack of natural lighting artificial lighting lamps is required);
• high humidity - spray seedlings of tomato 1-2 times a day, use air humidifiers, etc.;
• heat - day optimal temperature For seedlings, the tomato is 18-25 ° C, at night - 12-15 ° C.

Seedlings Tomato: Growing at home

Step 1. Preparatory work

Preparatory work may include:

• disinfection of seeds;
• preparation and disinfection of the soil.

Breeding seeds famous manufacturers Do not need additional pre-sowing processing. They have already passed the desired disinfection in the enterprise. It is quite another thing if the tomato seeds used were collected personally or purchased for weight in the market. Such material can be infected with pathogens of various bacterial, viral and fungal diseases.

To eliminate infection, use one of the following disinfection solutions:

• 1% heatman solution (1g per 100 ml of water). Seeds wrap in gauze and keep in such a solution of 15-20 minutes. It is not recommended to keep it longer - the germination of seeds is reduced. After processing, rinse the seeds with water.
• 0.5% soda solution (0.5 g per 100 ml of water). Soak the seeds of tomatoes for 24 hours. In addition to disinfection, soda solution contributes to earlier fruiting.
• Aloe juice solution (1: 1). Ready aloe juice can be purchased at the pharmacy or squeeze out of the leaves on their own (they are pre-kept in the refrigerator 5-6 days). Seeds are soaked in aloe juice divided in water 12-24 hours. Tomatoes from seeds that have passed such treatment are characterized by increased immunity, improved yield and fruit quality.
• Fitosporin solution. When using liquid phytosporin (in a bottle), prepare the solution as follows: 1 drop of fluid to dive into 100 ml of water. Fitosporin powder solution prepare in the calculation of 0.5 cl. per 100 ml of water. Seeds withstand in a solution of 1-2 hours.

Soil can also be infected, especially if it is dug from the garden. The soil is safer, purchased packaged in flower shops. But there may be unpleasant "surprises", therefore best way To protect yourself (and seedlings!) From the surprises of owning soil processing.

The most popular methods of soil disinfection for seedlings:

• calcining in the oven (10-15 min at 180-200 ° C);
• warming in the microwave (1-2 min with power 850);
• disinfection of boiling water (in a pot with drainage holes, place the soil and span with small portions of boiling water);
• disinfection by manganese (the ground is swolled with a strong solution of manganese).

Disinfection of tomato seeds in manganese

All these methods can be combined with each other to get the most sterile and safe ground for seedling.

Bring me to planting tomatoes to seedlings immediately after the preparation of the soil is not worth it! Moisten it and hold on with a plus temperature of 10-12 days. During this time, the bacteria useful for plants will begin multiply in sterile soil. Only after that you can start sowing.

Step 2. Sowing tomatoes on seedlings

Fill in the packaging (cassettes, peat pots, plastic cups, boxes from cottage cheese, shallow boxes) prepared wet soil and make a groove in it with a depth of about 1 cm. The step between the grooves is 3-4 cm. To launch seeds at a distance of 1-2 cm, you can more. The less often the seeds will be sown, the longer the seedlings can be withstanding in a seedier, without departing them. Pop ups suprate.

Seeds Tomato dispel into the ground to a depth of 1 cm

It can be done even easier: to put seeds on the prepared soil and pour them off with a centimeter soil layer.

Close top with a film or glass to ensure a permanent microclimate with a humidity of about 80-90% for seedlings. In order for the seeds sprouted, the temperature of their content should be 25-30 ° C. Therefore, place the seedlings near the battery or other heat source.

Every day check the soil moisture. When graze, spray it from the sprayer. With excessive humidity - open the film (glass) and wait for drying. Sometimes increased humidity leads to formation on the surface of the soil of mold. Then carefully remove the top contaminated layer and span the soil with a solution of manganese or antifungal drug (Fundazola, PhytoPorin).

The first shootouts of tomatoes appear after 3-4 days at a temperature of the supervised air layer of 25-28 ° C, at 20-25 ° C - after 5-6 days, at 10-12 ° C - after 12-15 and more days after sowing.

Fixed from under the ground Semi-sidellite leaves of seedlings Tomato

In more detail about when sowing tomatoes on seedlings, how to choose the seeds of tomatoes and sow them properly in the ground, shown in the video:

Step 3. Care of seedlings of tomatoes

Lighting

The cultivation of tomatoes seedlings is impossible without good lighting! Therefore, after the appearance of germs, put the pot with seedlings on the brightest windowsill. In February-early March, light for seedlings will not be enough for seedlings, therefore, if possible, use flashlight with luminescent lamps.

There is a version (author - Tugarova T.Yu.) that the best development of tomatoes seedlings can be achieved if the seedlings are highlighted the first 2-3 days after germination. After that, you can go to the usual lighting mode - for 16 hours a day (the total duration of the light day).

Humidity and watering

Young shoots must be contained with high, almost extreme moisture, drying is unacceptable. Therefore, do not rush to immediately remove the film (glass) with a seaside container. Every day, on a little bit, open it so that the seedlings get used to fresh air, but at the same time remained in the "Teplice". After 1-2 weeks, the shelter can be completely removed.

Growing under the film seedlings of tomato at home can not need a long time. Look at the state of the soil: do not dive swamp, but at the same time, and do not allow the upper layer to succeed (while the roots of the sprouts are still small and are in the upper layer of the soil, so its drying will mean drying roots). Water seedlings of tomatoes need carefully, under the stem. In order not to damage the sprouts, you can use the syringe (without a needle) or pipette.

After removal of the film, the frequency of polyvs of tomatoes seedlings should be proportional to the amount of heat and light. With increasing temperature and lengthening of the light day, tomatoes begin to get into growth and faster "drink" moisture from the soil. Accordingly, the soil dries faster, watering is required more often.

It is important not to put out young tomatoes. Often, inexperienced gardeners face such a nuisance: in the evening, coming from work, they notice their seedlings completely drooping, although in the morning she still looked quite normal. It is necessary to check the seedlings in the morning when there is no hot sun. If you notice that sprouts are slightly sluggish - water immediately. Not at noon, the rays of the sun can put even weak young seedlings.

Bulips can be dangerous. It is bad that the filled and dried seedlings of tomatoes may look equally: the stalks are losing the tour, the leaflets are withering. Seeing such symptoms, pay attention to the soil. If he is wet, in no case, do not pue water - spawn seedlings. Put the seaside container to the place protected from direct sunlight, do not water until the earth drying. In the future, adjust the amount of irrigation.

Especially detrimental for young sprouts of tomatoes Cold window sills in combination with wet land. Therefore, to spend watering in the evening (in February-April) is not recommended. At night, the temperature can significantly decrease, the sprouts are fastened and will begin to root.

Fresh air

As soon as it gives a warm, windless day, take the seedlings on fresh air: on the balcony, on the street or simply open the window. Even in March, on a sunny day, the temperature can reach 15-20 ° C on a sunny balcony! If such a day coincided with the emergence of shoots - a big luck! Take the sprouts to warm up on the sun. The fact is that tomato sprouts on the first day after germination have protection from UV rays, which does not allow them to burn. Such sprouts from infancy will be fervor-resistant, hardened and they can be "walking" in the sun regularly.

If you did not have time to make seedlings in the sun on the first day, it is already possible to do it after 1-2 days - the innate hardening disappeared. In this case, it will have to gradually teach sprouts to the Sun. The first day is 5 minutes. Then you can increase the duration of walks for another 5 minutes.

Tomato seedlings, which every day put on an open sunny balcony (in the courtyard), by the time the disembarkation on permits quickly catch up with the growth of the seedlings, which was sown a month earlier, but was kept on the windowsill behind the glass and without backlight.

Subordinate

Tomato seedlings need fake 2-3 weeks after the first germination. Further fertilizers will have to make every week. It is best to use natural organic fertilizersFor example, from manure or grass. From purchased are good specialized fertilizers based on Guano, humic fertilizers, biohumus, etc. Use for feeding seedlings half the dose specified for a particular fertilizer.

Step 3. Picking (transplanting in large cups, pot)

The first real leaves in the spikes of tomatoes appear on 7-10 days. At this age, if the seeds were sown too, in one container, you can spend pickup seedlings into separate cups. Despite the fact that tomatoes are not bad to transfer a transplant, it is necessary to do it carefully. Replane the sprouts with a lore root. Some gardeners advise when picking chopping the central root of the seedlings of the tomato. However, we do not recommend that you do - the roots in any case, even at the maximum neat transplant, are still damaged. Additionally injured the plant is not necessary. Moreover, it can be harmful: the purchase up to 1/3 of the root will lead to a delay in the development of seedlings for 1 week.

When picking seedlings of tomato, the land on the roots should persist

The first transplant is carried out in small cups of 200 ml.

After 2-3 weeks, seedlings can be counted the second time - in the pot more. If initially seeds were sown in individual containers (cups, cassettes), then this transplant will be the first. It is not recommended to use the pot less than 0.5-1 liters. Professional gardeners prefer more large volume - 3-5 liters per plant. But, you see, such a seedlings will endure not every windowsill, especially in the conditions of the city apartment. Yes, it is not necessary: \u200b\u200b1 liter for 1 plants is enough for the eyes!

Picking sprouts Tomato in peat pots

How to grow tomato sprouts and dial seedlings, you can learn by looking at the video:

Step 4. Preparation for landing for permanent residence (greenhouse, balcony, in og)

At the age of 1.5 months of tomatoes seedlings at home, the first floral brushes persecutes. As soon as you noticed them, know that after 10-15 days the seedlings need to plant on permanent residence - to the greenhouse, on the balcony or in og. It is impossible to delay with a transplant, otherwise it will lead to a decrease in the crop.

If you decide to cut the seedlings of tomatoes on the windowsill more than 45-60 days, then it should be provided for at least 1 liter of land per plant. If the tomatoes in relatively small tanks even 10 days longer than it should be, and let them bloom, they will stop their vegetative growth and will forever remain "inexpensive." Even in og, they will not be able to accelerate and never turn into full-fledged plants. Accordingly, it is also not necessary to expect a full-fledged harvest from them!

Partially solve this problem can be if you remove the first floral brush. The next brush will appear only in a week, that is, for a week it will be possible to postpone the planting of seedlings on permanent residence.

A good seedlings of tomato before landing should have thick stems, large leaves, powerful root system and developed buds.

Features of healthy seedlings Tomato: Powerful bush, large juicy leaves, thick stems, developed root system

Step 5. Rechant seedlings Tomato in the ground

The distance between tomatoes in Teplice or OG should be 30-40 cm. If you decide to grow garden plantations on the balcony, then each chopper of tomatoes needs to be 4-12 liters of earth. 4-5 liters will be enough for low-key "balcony" varieties: "Balcony miracle", "Dwarf", "Hummingbirds", etc. Large garden grades suitable for OG ("Sasha", "Sunrise", etc.) are grown in tanks of 10-12 liters.

For tomatoes, fertile garden land (chernozem), mixed with peat soil "universal" or "for vegetables" in a proportion of 1: 1.

Planting the seedlings of tomato on permanent permanent to coincide with the cool, windless and cloudy day. Place the seedlings, blocking the central stem for a couple of centimeters. A few days later, additional roots will be formed along a beheaded stem. In general, the root system will become more powerful and stronger.

After landing, paint the seedlings of tomatoes with warm water and wait for the harvest!

Rechazzle seedlings Tomato in a balcony box for permanent residence

And, finally, in order to better deal with the intricacies of growing seedlings of tomato and its transplants on permanent residence in open soil, greenhouse or on the balcony, we offer to see a small video located below:

Tomatoes - immigrants from South America, Therefore, when cultivating tomatoes seedlings at home is needed relatively dry air, a lot of light and heat. In this article, we will consider in detail how to put and care for young seedlings.

The right choice of varieties Before starting to grow tomato seedlings, you need to decide on the choice of varieties. Before planting seeds, it is necessary to decide which varieties and where they will be grown. It is fundamentally important to know, tomatoes will grow in the open ground or in a greenhouse. According to the method of growth, all varieties are divided into indenterminant, semi-technicenter and determinants. This feature is indicated on sachets with seeds and is decisive for growing plants in an open or protected soil. Indenterminant Tomatoes They have unlimited growth and, if they do not discharge, can grow up to several meters. In the south, they can be grown in a greenhouse or on the street on a chopler, or tied to high stoles. IN middle lane, Siberia, Far East, these tomatoes are grown only in a secure ground, taking them vertically. The first brush is laid after 9-10 sheets, follow-up - after 3 sheets. The period of fruiting is long, but comes later than from other types. Semi-technicenant varieties and hybrids. Tomatoes stop growing after bookmark 9-12 inflorescences. They tend to tie a large number of fruits to the detriment of roots and leaves, and, when overloaded with harvest, tomatoes can stop growth long before the formation of the 9th brush. Floral brushes are laid through 2 sheets. In the south, they are grown mainly in the open soil, in the middle band you can plant both in the greenhouse and on the street. Determinant tomatoes - this is little plants. They are intended for landing in open ground. Their growth is limited, they are laying 3-6 brushes, the tip of escape ends with a flower brush and more bush is not growing. The first brush of this type is laid after 6-7 sheets. These are early tomatoes, but their yield is lower than that of indenterminant type. However, significant differences in varieties of varieties are noticeable only in the south. In the middle lane and the north the difference is minimal, since the indents do not have time to reveal all their potential. What to choose - hybrid or grade? Variety - These are plants capable of maintaining their signs during the cultivation of seeds. Hybrid - These are plants obtained by special pollination. Save their signs only in one generation, when growing from seeds, signs are lost. Hybrids of any plants are designated F1. Sign Sort Hybrids Heredity License signs are transmitted to subsequent generations Signs are not transmitted and are a feature of one generation for one season of cultivation. Germination 75-85% Excellent (95-100%) Fruit size Fruits larger than hybrids, but can differ significantly by weight Fruits smaller, but aligned Yield May fluctuate the year from year High yields proper care. Usually higher than the varieties Resistance to disease Perceived K. various diseasessome of which can be inherited More stable, less affected diseases Weather Better tolerate temperature differences Temperature oscillations are significantly worse than varieties. With sharp and strong temperature drops may die Conditions of detention Less demanding of soil fertility and temperature Require more fertile soils and higher temperatures for fruiting Subordinate Needed regularly For good fruiting dose should be more than for varieties Watering Can not badly transfer short-term drought or overvailing Very poorly tolerate both lack and excess moisture Taste Each variety has its own taste. Less than expressed. To taste all hybrids are inferior to varieties The summer in the region is cooler, the harder to grow hybrids. In these regions, preferred varieties. Also, if in the future there is a desire to grow culture from its own seeds, then make a choice in favor of the variety. If the goal is to get the maximum amount of products, and weather conditions in the region allow you to grow hybrids are preferable. Timing seed seeds The timing of seeding seeds on seedlings depend on softening. First of all, the timing of landing of tomatoes in the ground and from this date counts the necessary number of days - the seed sowing is obtained. For the average varieties, the age of tomato seedlings before landing in the ground should be at least 65-75 days. You can plant them in the greenhouse at the end of May, and in the open ground, when the threat of frosts, that is, in the first decade of June (for the middle strip). If you also add a period from sowing until shoots (7-10 days), then it is necessary to sow 70-80 days before landing in the ground. In the middle lane, the sowing period of the middle-timed varieties is the first decade of March. However, it is unprofitable to grow medieval varieties in the northern and central regions: they will not have time to fully reveal their potential, the crop will be small. The secondary and late tomatoes are suitable only for the southern regions of the country. The seedlings of early tomatoes are planted into the ground aged 60-65 days. Consequently, seeding seeds are produced after March 20. They are suitable for all regions of the country. Too early tomatoes on seedlings are not needed. In case of early sowing in the conditions of light deficit, they are very pulled and weakened. With poor lighting in the seedry period, floral brushes are laid later, and the crop becomes lower. If the soil in the greenhouse warmed up, the early tomatoes for the closed soil can be sown directly to the greenhouse in early May and grow them without a dive. With reckless cultivation, tomatoes begin to be fron with 1-2 weeks earlier than events. Preparation of soil For the cultivation of seedlings of tomatoes, the ground is better to prepare on their own. The land should be loose, nutritious, water and breathable, should not be covered with crust and compacted after irrigation, be pure from pathogens of diseases, pests and weed seeds. For seedlings, make up a mixture of peat and sand in a 1: 0.5 ratio. Each bucket of the resulting land is desirable to add a liter ash's liter. Peat has a sour reaction, and tomatoes for good growth need a neutral environment. The ash just neutralizes excessive acidity. Another embodiment of the earth's mixture is a ferry land, humus, sand in a 1: 2: 3 ratio, instead of sand, you can take a riding peat. In the garden land, after special processing, you can also grow healthy seedlings of tomatoes, the main thing is that it does not contain a dispute of diseases and wintering pests. But, since it is too compacted in containers, sand or peat add to it. Take the land from under the landing of legumes, bachchev, green, siderates. It is impossible to use the soil from the greenhouses, after the grated. If the dacha is sour, then ash is added (1 liter / bucket). Gardening land is better to use for the preparation of soils. Purchased soils contain many fertilizers, which is not always good for seedlings. If there are no other options, the shop ground is diluted with sand, garden or turf. Peat in the purchase of soil is not added, because it itself, most often, consists only of peat. Soil is better to cook in autumn. If the moment is missed, and take the soil already now, you will have to buy several types of soils of different manufacturers and mix them in equal proportions, or to add the ground to the land. flower Gorshkov. But this is the worst option when growing seedlings. Processing of soil After the preparation of the mixture, the Earth is necessarily treated to destroy pests, diseases, and weed seeds. Processing the soil can be different methods: freezing; steaming; calcining; disinfection. Foreignness. The finished land is put on frost for several days, so that it is freezing. Then they enter the house and give it off. The procedure is repeated several times. It is desirable that in the street at this time there was no cold below -8 -10 ° C. Steaming. The earth is heated for an hour at a boiling water bath. If the ground is purchased, then the sealed package is placed in a bucket with hot water, covered with a lid and withstand until the water cools. Calcination. The earth is calcined in the oven, heated to 100 ° C for 40-50 minutes. Disinfection. The ground is watered with a strong heatman solution dissolved in hot water. Then covered with a film and leave for 2-3 days. Preparation of tomato seeds for sowing If the bag is written that the seeds are processed, then the additional processing is not required. The rest of the sowing material is necessary. First of all spend calibration. Seeds are lowered into a glass with water and are waiting for 3-5 minutes until they get married. Theme pop-up seeds are thrown away, they are unsuitable for sowing, as the embryo died, so they became lighter than water. The rest are soaked for 2 hours in a solution of manganese. For processing, seeds can be soaked in water heated to 53 ° C for 20 minutes. Such a temperature kills the controversy of the disease, but does not affect the embryo. Then hot water Ded, the seeds are slightly dried and immediately sow. For a speedy germination, the seed material is soaked. It is wrapped in cotton fabric or paper napkin, wetted with water, placed in a plastic bag and put on the battery. You need to soak and treated seeds. As practice shows, they ride them faster than without soaking, and the protective effect of processing remains high enough. Many treated landing material growth stimulants. But in this case, all seeds, including weak, including. In the future, it turns out a large percentage of weak plants. Therefore, stimulants are better to handle bad seeds (with expiring shelf life, overcame, etc.), the rest are simply soaked in water. Sowing seeds When the seeds proceed, they make sowing. You should not wait for the seedlings more, when tightening with sowing, long sprouts are rolled. Tomatoes sow in shallow boxes, filling their land on 3/4. The earth is slightly adjusted. Seeds are folded at a distance of 2 cm from each other. The dry ground is sprinkled from above. If the ground does not take or fall asleep with a damp ground, then the seeds will go deep into the soil and do not sprout. You can sow in separate containers of 2 seeds, if both are used, then when you pick them up. The varietal tomatoes and hybrids are sowing in different tanks, since they have different germination conditions. Boxes are closed with film or glass and put on the battery until germination. Terms of germination of seeds The deadlines for the appearance of seedlings depend on temperature. Seeds of varieties germinate at a temperature of 24-26 ° C after 6-8 days At 20-23 ° C - after 7-10 days At 28-30 ° C - after 4-5 days. They can climb at 18 ° C after 8-12 days. Optimal germination temperature for varietal tomatoes 22-25 ° C. The germination of hybrids is much better, but often at home they do not germinate. For a good germination, they need a temperature of + 28-30 ° C. + 24 ° C - It's cold for them, they will germinate for a long time and not everyone will go up. Weak seeds attend later the rest, they usually remain a seed shell. Therefore, shoots that appeared later than 5 days after the main group are removed, they will not be a good harvest. Tomato Care To raise good tomato seedlings, you must follow the following parameters: temperature; shine; moisture. Temperature As soon as shoots appear, the film is removed and the boxes are exposed to a bright and cool place with a temperature of + 14-16 ° C. In the first 10-14 days, the roots grow in seedlings, and the above-ground part is practically evolving. This feature of tomatoes and do nothing here. After the last time, seedlings will begin to grow. As soon as the growth begins, the daily temperature increases to 20 ° C, and the night is maintained at the same level (15-17 ° C). Hybrids after germination need higher temperatures (+ 18-19 °). If they are placed in the same conditions as varietal tomatoes, they will wake, not grow. After 2 weeks, they also need to increase the daily temperature to 20-22 ° C. If this is impossible to do this, the hybrids will develop more slowly, the first flower brush will appear later and the crop will be lower. In general, under the cultivation of hybrids, you need to take the warmest windowsill, care for them is better than behind the rest of the sedale, only then they will give a full-fledged harvest. On warm days, the seedlings are brought to the balcony, and at night to reduce the temperature, windows open. Who has the opportunity, on sunny days, tomatoes are put in a greenhouse, if the temperature is not lower there + 15-17 ° C. Such temperatures ordered plants well, make them stronger, and, in the future, the yield is higher. Lighting Seeding tomatoes must be highlighted, especially late varieties that sow before. The lighting period should be at least 14 hours a day. With the lack of light, the seedlings are very pulled, becomes long and fragile. With cloudy weather, the plants lighting increase by 1-2 hours compared to sunny days, and the temperature is reduced to 13-14 ° C, otherwise tomatoes are very pulled out. Watering We need to water tomatoes very moderately. Watering is carried out as the soil drying and only incentive water. Watering untime water forms a bacterial-lime bloom on the basis, which tomatoes do not like. On the initial stage Each plant requires only 1 teaspoon of water, as irrigation increases increase. The earth in a seedl box should not be too wet, nor too dry. It is necessary to pour it abundantly so that the soil is soaked in moisture, and the next irrigation is carried out only after driving the earth coma. Typically, tomatoes are watered no more than 1 time per week, but they are focused on individual conditions Growing. If the plants started, they need to be poured, without waiting for a week. The overvolution in combination with high temperature and poor illumination causes severe pulling of tomatoes. Picking seedlings When the tomato seedlings appear 2-3 of the present leaves, conduct a pickup. For dive prepare a pot capacity of at least 1 liter, fill their ground by 3/4, watered and compacted. Make a deepening, dig a seeder with a teaspoon and plant a pot. When picking plant tomatoes, several deeper than they grew earlier, sprinkling the ground stem to seedy leaves. Strongly elongated seedlings fall asleep to the first real leaves. The seedlings are kept behind the leaves, if you keep it for a thin skeleton, it will break. Tomatoes endure the pickup well. In case of damage to the sucking roots, they quickly restore and grow out thick. It is impossible to allow the roots bend up, otherwise the seedlings will be poorly developed. After picking, the land is well watered, and the tomatoes themselves are diagnosed for 1-2 days so that the evaporation by the leaves of water was less intense. How to feed the seedlings of tomatoes The feeders spend 5-7 days after the dive. Previously, it is not recommended to conduct feeding, because the soil was filled with ash, where all the necessary elements for the growth of seeds are contained. If seedlings are grown on the purchase of soil, then the feeding is not needed. After 14-16 days from the shoots, tomatoes begin to actively build up the leaves, and at this time they need to be filled. The feeding must contain not only nitrogen, but also phosphorus and trace elements, so it is desirable to use a universal fertilizer. During this period, feed tomatoes can be fertilized for indoor plants. It gives an excellent result. One nitrogen is impossible to feed tomato seedlings. First, it is difficult to calculate the necessary dose for relatively small plants. Secondly, nitrogen causes enhanced growth, that with a limited amount of land and in conditions of lack of light leads to strong stretching and thinning of plants. Subsequent feeders are carried out in 12-14 days. The seedlings of late and mediterraneans feed 3-4 times before landing in the ground. Early grades grabs 1, the maximum of two feeding. For hybrids, the number of feeders increase by 2 for each type of seedlings. If the land is purchased, then it is sufficiently filled with fertilizers and feeding when cultivating tomatoes on such soils are not conducted. Exception - hybrids. They are intensely consumed the nutrients and before the disembarkation it is necessary to carry out 1-2 feeders, in whatever ground they grown. After picking seedlings after dive After picking, the seedlings are placed on the windowsill as freer. If it is closely, it is poorly developing. In a tightly disposed seedlings, the illumination is reduced and it is pulled out. 2 weeks before planting tomatoes harde To do this, seedlings even on cold days (the temperature is not lower than 11-12 ° C) to the balcony or outdoor air At night, the temperature is reduced to 13-15 ° C. To harde the hybrids, the temperature should be 2-3 ° C above, it is gradually lowered. To quench the pot with hybrids, they first put to the glass itself, where the temperature is always lower. A few days later, if the batteries are adjustable, they are closed for several hours; If not regulated, you open a balcony or a window. At the final stage, quenching the seedlings of hybrids take the balcony for the whole day. If the seedlings of the tomato cannot be taken to the balcony, then it is sprayed with cold water for quenching it daily. The main causes of failure Tomato seedlings are very dragging. There are several reasons: not enough light, early landing, surplus nitrogen fertilizers. Seedling is always drawn with a lack of light. It must be heated. If there is no such possibility, then the seedlings put a mirror or foil, then the illumination of tomatoes increases greatly, and they are less pulled out. It is not necessary to feed the tomatoes with nitrogen, it causes a rapid growth of the tops, and in conditions of insufficient illumination (and in the place of light there is always enough, no matter how much seedlings) are strongly pulled out. Too early seeding seeds. Even normally developing seedlings in the early sowing is pulled out. After 60-70 days, plants become closely in pots and containers, they need to be developed further, and in the conditions of limiting the area of \u200b\u200bnutrition and tightness on the windowsill, they have one way out - grow up. All these factors, both individually, and together, cause stretching seedlings. Even stronger, tomatoes are pulled out if excess watering is added and the high seedling temperature. Seeds do not spare. If the sowing material of good quality, then there are no germs due to the low temperature of the soil. This is especially important for hybrids. They germinate at a temperature of 28-30 ° C. Therefore, to accelerate the appearance of seats with seed tomatoes, put on the battery. Tomatoes grow poorly. They are too cold. For varietal tomatoes for normal growth, a temperature is required 18-20 °, for hybrids - 22-23 ° C. Hybrids can grow at 20 ° C, but slower, and, accordingly, later enter into fruiting. Yellow leaves. Usually yellow leaves in tomatoes grown in flavors. When the seedlings are large, it lacks the light on the close window sill, and the plants are discharged extra leaves. In such conditions, all attention is paid to the top of the stem, the bushes are trying to develop their competitors to have more comfortable conditions. When yellowing leaves, the seedlings arrange more freely and reduce the air temperature. If the leaves are small, yellow, and the veins remain green or slightly reddish - this is a lack of nitrogen. Give feeding full mineral fertilizer. It is not necessary to feed one nitrogen, otherwise tomatoes will stretch. Restricting the area of \u200b\u200bnutrition. Tomatoam is already closely in the tank, the roots of the whole earth comes and further growth stops. Transplant seedlings in a pot of longer. Curlyness of leaves. Sharp and significant temperature differences. When growing tomato, you need to avoid a sharp increase in air temperature. The area of \u200b\u200bcatering is limited, and the roots cannot support all the leaves in hot weather. The same thing happens with a sharp cooling, but this at home is occurring much less. Blackleg. Frequent diseases of tomato seedlings. Amazes all types of plants. The disease is rapidly spreading and in a short time can destroy the entire seedlings. The stalk at the level of soil is black, thinned, dry out, the plant falls and dies. Infected plants immediately remove. The soil is watered with a pink solution of mangalls, phytoosporin, alirin. After that, tomatoes do not need to water the week, the soil must dry. Grow seedlings at home - the business is troublesome, but otherwise it will not be possible to collect a good harvest, especially in the northern regions and the middle strip.