Nitrogenit refers to the main elements necessary for the vital activity of both plant-hosts and harmful organisms.

Purpose, Description

It is part of four elements (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon), of which tissue of all living organisms are 99%. Therefore, application nitrogen fertilizersit serves as a powerful factor of both the stabilization of the phytosanitary state of the soil and its destabilization.

Nitrogen underlies all growth processes.

Making nitrogen fertilizersenhances the growth of vegetative plants organs, the accumulation of non-green nitrogen (amino acids) in them, increases the cavity of tissues, the cells are increasing in the amount, the shell becomes thinner, the thickness of the cuticle decreases. This facilitates the penetration of causative agents of diseases in the tissues of the host plants, increases their susceptibility to disease. Excess nitrogen power supply leads to the imbalance of plant nutrition and increased development of diseases.

The needs of plants and harmful organisms in nitrogen as a nutritional element coincide. This leads to both an increase in yield, with nitrogen fertilizers and reproduction of harmful organisms. Many soil organisms, including harmful, such as root rotes, directly use mineral nitrogen for their reproduction. Unlike mineral nitrogen, the action of the organications on the pathogens of the disease occurs through the microbial decomposition of organic in-Ba. Therefore, an increase in organic nitrogen in the soil is accompanied by an increase in the number of soil microflora, among which there are many anthongists of harmful organisms.

Fractional application of nitrogen fertilizers with phosphate, even better in the complex of complete mineral fertilizers plus replacing the nitrate form of nitrogen fertilizers to ammonium stabilizes the phytosanitary state of soil.

Under influence nitrogen fertilizers(In combination with phosphate, or when using full mineral fertilizers, the mineralization of organic additives entered into the soil is accelerated, the soil microflora is activated and the harmful organisms are actively displaced. The ratio C: n soil is improved.

Energeticly growing plants receiving good nitrogen foods have improved compensatory abilities in response to damage applied to them by diseases of diseases and pests

The impactability of plants with diseases and pests is weaker with optimal nutrition of plants. Nitrogen underlies all growth processes. Energetically growing plants receiving good nitrogen food have improved compensatory abilities in response to damage applied to them by the pathogens of diseases and pests.

Applied nitrogen fertilizers

Urea (carbamide)- Best nitrogen fertilizer. It is used for liquid, dry and extracurricular feeding.

For extractive subcortex vegetable crops, including potatoes, dissolve fertilizer (30-50 g) in a bucket of water (30-50 g) and once spray plants before the phase of reinforced growth in the morning or in anticipation hours. The same dose (50 g) is used for fruit trees, and for berry shrubs.

The positive effect of it with the extraordinary feeders is that it gives the burns less and is better penetrating the inside of the sheet. Well dissolved in water.

Somewashes the soil, especially when mixed with superphosphate, therefore it is useful to add 800 g of ground limestone or chalk, but not hated lime and not ash, per 1 kg of urea.

The optimal urea spending rate per year on square meter landing: under vegetables and young fruit trees - 10-20 g, fruiting trees and shrubs - 20-30 g, strawberries of the first year - 5-6 g, fruit-sized - 10-20 g

Ammonium sulfate(Ammonium sulfate) is used for dry and liquid feeding. It is very acidifying the soil, so 1.2 kg of ground limestone or chalk, but not hated lime and not ashamed, is added to the neutralization to 1 kg of ammonium sulfate. It is well soluble in water, little hygroscopic. Convenient for feeding in dry form. It includes sulfur, and many vegetables need, especially cabbage and potatoes.

Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) is used for nitrogen nutrition of plants. Contains 35% nitrogen. It is brought into the soil as the main fertilizer. It is better to use spring with cultivation or peroxide. It is more expedient in a mixture with dolomite flour or lime (0.6-0.7: 1). It is also used for feeding - in a bucket of water dissolve up to 100 g of nitrate and consumed on 10 rose meters of landing.

The advantages of ammonium nitrate in front of other nitrogen fertilizers are that it quickly eliminates nitrogen deficit in plants and contributes to the accelerated development of their overhead part.

Calcium Selitra(nitric acid calcium) contains up to 18% nitrogen and is used for liquid feeding, as it is hygroscopic and is very pleasant. It suffers the soil, so applied on acid soils. It is impossible to mix the calcium nitrate in advance with a simple superphosphate.

Sodium Selitra- Well soluble in water. Weakly hygroscopic. Slightly stuck soil, so it is better to use on acidic soils. Used both for mixed feeding and as the main fertilizer. Especially good action has on beets.

Consumption when putting the landing - 40-50 g of nitrate per square meter, and when feeding - on raman meter 15-18 g dry nitrate or 10-18 g dissolved in 1 liter of water.

To determine the required amount of any fertilizer in physical weight, the recommended dose of nitrogen (or another element) is divided into the content of the active substance in fertilizer and multiply by 100: H \u003d D: with x 100, where H is a fertilizer rate in physical weight, g; D - recommended dose of nitrogen, g; C is the content of the active substance (D.V.) in fertilizer, 96.

Ammonium sulfate (ammonium sulphate) - crystalline powder white, gray, greenish or yellow. Physiologically sour fertilizer. It is recommended to apply primarily under potatoes, because It contributes to the smallest accumulation of nitrates, as well as under radishes, carrots, beets, salad. The average dose as a pre-first fertilizer is 50-60 g / m2, in the feeding - 20-30 g / m2.

Ammonium nitrate- White crystalline substance, well soluble in water, severely hygroscopic, when stored is dried. Explosive and flammable! Store in a separate dry room equipped with fire fighting facilities. Physiologically sour fertilizer. It is used in spring to sowing 25-35 g / m2 or in front of 10-20 g / m2. For feeding, 150-200 g of fertilizer in 8-10 liters of water dissolve. This amount of solution is used for irrigation 8-10 m2 sowing.

Carbamide (urea). Highly concentrated, contains 46% nitrogen. It is used in spring for presepass soil replete under potatoes, cutlery roots and other vegetables at the rate of 20-25 g / m2. For feeding, 5-10% urea solution is used (50-100 g per 1 liter of water).

Other nitrogen fertilizers come on sale: Calcium Selith, sodium Selith, lime-ammonium Selith.

• -Not bring nitrogen (or any other) fertilizers on non-sore seeds or cuttings are not roots.
• - For nitrogen fertilizers, it is recommended to introduce into a distance or superficial introduction.
• - Apply nitrogen fertilizers no closer than 10-15 cm from plants or germinating seeds.
• - Come to the granules of nitrogen fertilizers to fall on the leaves, flowers fruits and plants stems.
• - Be accurate and weigh the required number of fertilizers.
• - Next recommendations and make fertilizer often and small doses, and not one or twice and in many ways.
• -For good absorption nitrogen great importance It has the presence of an easily accessible calcium.
• - Cool weather use nitrogen fertilizers in a nitrate form to get the best results.
• "A large excess of nitrogen plants are delivered by day and night, then roots are damaged. With moderate excess, there may be a burn of the tips of the leaves and leaflets of complex leaves. Plant foliage becomes too soft, juicy and lush.
• -Ammonium nitrogen can be toxic for some gentle plantsBut all plants grow well on a nitrate nitrogen.
• - Do not allow redundant fertilizer.

Healthy plants are powerful plants, but not too lush and soft.

Spring making fertilizers at the site and dacha

All that we plant is growing well only on fertile land. And when there is not enough in the soil nutrients, abundant harvest and beauty does not have to wait.

Vegetables and annuals usually fertilize in the process of growing seedlings and immediately after "moving" on the beds and flower beds.

Perennials, fruit, decorative trees And the bushes are important to fade into transplant, but during the season you should not keep them on a hungry soldering.

For each time of the year - its own "diet", because different periods Vegetations require a certain ratio of the main nutrient elements.

Based on spring fertilizers Lies nitrogen responsible for active growth.

In the spring phosphorus, stimulating the growth of roots, and potassium, supporting the flowering and laid fruiting bases is equally important.

In the fall, the last two components prevail in the feeding and fertilizers, they help plants prepare for winter cold and worry them safely.

Each subsidence has their own preferences.

The older generation usually uses a natural organic organic, which in the "fresh" form depresses the soil microflora and is even able to burn roots and also contains causative agents of diseases and weed seeds.

Therefore, it needs to "bring to mind": the manure must be prohibited, and the compost is to mature.

A good alternative to fertilizer in the old manner is ready-made organic feeding, environmentally friendly and practically devoid of flaws. You can buy them in specialized stores.

Organic fertilizers begin to work on improving fertility immediately after their introduction to the ground.

They help structure the soil, increase the amount of humus in it and increase the resistance of plants to many bacterial and fungal diseases.

Mineral fertilizers of a new generation are usually designed for specific cultures or problem areas of these crops.

In fertile land, they are quickly absorbed by plants.

"Sticks" do not require special concerns, have a prolonged action and the nutrients are gradually given when watering.

Dry water-soluble fertilizers contain a complete complex of the macro- and microelements required for flowers, decorative plants, vegetable and berry crops, and finally, new forms of liquid root and extra-greened feeders - the most gentle for microflora soil, usually contain humats and, in fact, are at the same time and fertilizers and growth stimulants.

However, if you want to achieve noticeable results, do not "combing everyone under one comb" - every culture (view or family) needs your diet.

For example, decorative plants need large amounts of nitrogen, and potassium needs flowering, providing long blossoms.

IMPORTANT: Many plants differ in a capricious character and even minimize the minimum errors in the diet, so before you buy fertilizers, study the tastes of our favorites.

In addition to nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, which make up the basis of the diet, the plants require trace elements, and preferably in chelated form.

These drugs are especially useful for those who are lagging behind in development.

But before choosing a feeder, determine which item is not enough in the soil and which "additive" will be optimal.

They accompany plants from the appearance of the first germs to the formation of obsolete, accelerating the growth of stems and foliage and making floral promise more viable.

Spring fertilizers - norms and rules of invention

Spring season is considered the most favorable for making all types of fertilizers. This applies primarily to planting new plants that need to create a supply of nutrients, however, the feeding of adult plants is extremely important for their normal growth and development. It is especially important to make fertilizers for fruit, berry and vegetable crops. Today there are many fertilizers, feeding and remedies. Of course, on each package you will find comprehensive information on this fertilizer, but it is very important to understand general principles Fertilizer actions.

Koka fertilizer to choose for spring

If we talk about organic fertilizers, such as manure or humus, peat, bird litter and compost, they are recommended to contribute once every two or three years.

The main advantage of such fertilizers is the ability to enrich the soil with useful trace elements. In their composition, there is a phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, potassium and other elements that positively affect the state of the soil and contribute to the nutrition of plants. The organic care is very well breaking the soil, improves its structure and is environmentally friendly. However, not all owners of cottages or country sites are ready to put up with the accompanying organic mud and smell.

As for mineral fertilizers, they need to be made in the soil annually. Despite the fact that mineral fertilizers do not affect the improvement of the soil structure, it is not necessary to relate to them. After all, due to the mineral fertilizers, the plants get all the elements necessary for growth, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus. The advantage of mineral fertilizers is the ease of their use, they dissolve in the soil without difficulty, the Speam is faster than the plants. Faced usually where the most roots are located, which can be absorbed nutrients, i.e. Not under the very trunk of an apple tree, but around the entire trunk, so far as branches are stretched. After the packing fertilizer must be embedded in the ground.

Granulated fertilizers are popular and convenient, but longer dissolve and affect plants. Powder and liquid firmly faster, besides, they are usually better dosed and are more balanced. Such fertilizer is usually dissolved in water and either watering under roots, or sprayed on the leaves using garden pumps or special pulverizers.

The optimal spring standard for a plot of 1 weaving is considered to be added to the soil: 200-250 g of phosphoric fertilizers, 200 g - potash (replace wood ash) and 300-350 g nitrogen fertilizers (carbamide or urea, ammonium nitrate).

Recently, complex fertilizers are also considered very convenient, with two or even three components in the composition, which enrich plants with the necessary substances, including microelements. Now gardeners can choose special feeders - for seedlings, decorative deciduous, coniferous, blooming and other plant species. All of them are balanced, without precipitation, are made specifically for the needs of specific groups of plants, produced in liquid state.

Liquid fertilizers are perfectly soluble in water and are used as root and extractive feeding. Making liquid fertilizers occurs during sowing or landing, or with water when watering. Granulated nitrogen, phosphoric and potash fertilizers They contribute directly into the soil when sowing or landing seedlings, or before the rescue is at about 20 cm deep.

It is important to remember that when making organic, mineral and complex fertilizers, it is necessary to clearly follow the instructions on the packaging, because the exhaust dose may affect the plants with an undesirable opposite way.

We hope that our tips will become useful when choosing fertilizers. Enrich your sites. We wish you success and big harvests!

vsaduidoma.com.

Fertilizers for the garden - how to enrich the soil in the spring?

We study the deadlines - when to fertilize?

According to experts, the spring season is the most favorable period for making any fertilizer species. It can be organic, mineral, as well as complex fertilizers for the garden. It is starting to enrich the earth with nutrients after melting the snow so that they do not "evaporated" together with precipitation.

• Landscape design in the village
• Preparation of vegetable garden
• Spring fertilizer garden

To pretend garden trees, You can not wait until it hits the ground around the pillar. And vegetable cultures recommend fertilize before landing. It is very important to remember that even if you apply the best fertilizers for the garden, their quantity should be moderate. The surplus can also negatively affect the state of the plants. When using mineral fertilizers and mixed feeding, it is necessary to strictly observe the dose - the rules for using a specific drug are indicated on the packages.

Natural fertilizers for the garden - what is useful in spring?

In the organizing contain a large number of Microelements, and she perfectly breaks the earth. In the village, such fertilizers can be found in almost every yard, so their cost is quite small, moreover, the organic is introduced to the vegetable garden once every three years.

The most positive effect is observed from humoring (overwhelmed manure), which is crumpled by land plot 3-4 weeks before the land pumping. Also, in addition to manure, the organic fertilizers include avian litter, compost and peat. To enrich the site, it is enough to distribute the ten-meter bucket by 1 m2.

In addition to numerous advantages, natural fertilizers have several drawbacks:

• to deliver the required amount of fertilizer to your site and distribute them on the surface, a lot of physical effort will be required;
• specific smell;
• if there is no farm nearby, the search for organic is quite problematic;
• bird litter or fresh manure can burn the roots of some plants.

Universal Mineral Fertilizers - Salvation for the Garden

With the search for mineral fertilizers there are no problems - they can be purchased in stores for gardens or on the market. They are sold in a concentrated form, so it is much easier to work with them. The main thing is to be guided by the dosages that are recommended by the manufacturer. Granulated nitrogen and phosphoric drugs are entered into the soil immediately before Popile.

It is desirable that the granules are at a depth of about 20 cm. Thus, all the beneficial substances will be very close to the root system.

Different fertilizers for the garden used in the spring are performed by various functions: the organic device improves the structure of the soil, but mineral fertilizers provide plants necessary trace elements: phosphorus and nitrogen. But potassium-based preparations accelerate the ripening of fruits.

The scheme of making minerals to the land plot of 10 m2:

• nitrogen preparations (urea, carbamide or ammonia nitrate) - 300-350 grams;
• phosphoric preparations - 250 grams;
• potassium preparations (can be replaced with wood ash) - 200 grams.

IN summer periodWhen the growth of plants is most intense, the soil feed is repeated, but at the same time the dose is reduced by 3 times. Very convenient to make useful substances through the system drip watering - So you probably do not lose with the dosage, and all plants will receive the same dose.

nasotke.ru.

Ash like fertilizer - how to use the organic?

Wood ash like fertilizer - what are the pros?

First of all, the ash is a natural product formed after burning firewood, and therefore it is possible to get it almost free. The second advantage it follows from the first - the use of ash will be safe for both plants themselves and for peopleSince fruits and berries will not accumulate "Chemistry".

• Ferrectrian grapes
• Potato feeding during landing
• Stealing wood ash

The third plus ash is that it is capable of making plants stronger, reduces their susceptibility to diseases.

There are two fertilizer methods:

• The dry mixture is suited to the trench around the perimeter of the tree to a depth of about 15 cm, after which they immediately fall asleep. For an adult bush or wood, approximately 2 kg of material are used;
• Also use as a solution of ash with water, which needs to be continuously stirred and poured in a trench - on 10 liters of water, it is necessary about 200 g of the mixture. For vegetable crops, it is necessary to take about 500 ml of solution.

How should I use a mixture for feeding?

For convenience, write down that in the tablespoon there is 5 g of ashes, in a graved glass - 100 g, and in a liter bank - only 500 g. This will allow you not to get lost and not to overdo the mixture when the soil fertilizer.

There are several basic rules to consider:

• Salting vegetable crops (cucumbers or zucchini), it will be enough to add in the well literally a couple of spoons of the mixture, but for tomatoes it is best to take three spoons;
• To improve the structure of the Earth, at the autumn time (September - the beginning of October), subject to the presence of loyal soils, about 200 g per square meter are contributed. Such feeding will be enough for 3-4 years;
• Ideally apply a solution if there is decorative plants And flowers that are negatively reacting to chlorine. These include currants, strawberries, raspberries - per square meter need to be made approximately 15 g of the mixture. And if you use ash during planting potatoes, you can increase its yield to 20 kg from one weaving. It also provides fertilizer ash indoor plants. A kilogram of soil you need to take 1-1.5 spoons of ash.

But there are also moments when this mixture is not worth using:

• As feeding when working on alkaline soil;
• When feeding such plants like blueberries, cranberries, azaleas, camellia;
• Together with nitrogen feeders, to which Selitra, urea, manure;

In no case cannot be used as painted wood, magazines, since it will have a high percentage of chemical additives.

Fighting the garden pests with ash

Do not know where the ash is also useful: what a fertilizer, besides her, can simultaneously help the plant develop and fight the pests of the garden! At the same time, you can see the effect almost immediately.

Methods of application:

• Spraying. The prepared solution will be able to scare away the pests of grapes as puffy dew, TLL, cherry mucous sawder. 300 g of the mixture should be pouring boiling water and cook for half an hour. After we give a brave a little to breathe a little, filter it through a gauze, wept in 10 liters of water and add about 20 g of soap to the solution. Plants should be processed with its help no more than two times a month;
• Discarding, which should be carried out either in the morning when there is still dew on the grass, or at lunch, watering the plants in advance. Discarding is necessary for your garden, because so you can scare away snails and slugs, protect the berries from gray rot, kill the larvae of harmful beetles literally in a couple of days.

As you can see, the ash, like a fertilizer, will allow you safe methods How to help plants develop, so fight with the main pests of the garden. Working with this material, do not forget about protecting the respiratory tract and eyes, and therefore we should wear a mask.

nasotke.ru.

What fertilizers are

Fertilizers for the garden and garden. Views

In order for the plants to grow well, they need to periodically feed the fertilizers containing primarily nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.

Everything fertilizers divided into organic and mineral. By origin, they can be both natural and chemicals obtained.

The most commonly used natural organic fertilizers include compost, manure, bird litter, peat. These fertilizers contain all the substances needed for plants in full. At the same time when entering into the soil, they improve its structure.

Manure

Manure is a valuable organic fertilizer. IN fresh form It is not recommended to be made to the soil, as it contains the substance necessary for plants in an inaccessible form. With the decomposition of manure in the soil, many heat and poisonous gases are highlighted. It may contain seeds of weeds. In this regard, the manure must first prohibit. For this, fresh manure is placed by stacks and from above are covered with a layer of peat with a thickness of 15-20 cm and stored in such a form of 4-6 months. Separate manure in some cases can be used as fertilizer. In 10 kg of such a manure, approximately 50 g of nitrogen, 25 g of phosphorus and 60 g potassium.

Manure is often mixed with mineral fertilizers in the soil. 15-25 kg of simple superphosphate, 50-60 kg of phosphate flour are added to 1 t. The soil is supported by manure usually once every 2-3 years. Do it when leaving the site. 4-6 kg of manure contribute per 1 m2 of land.

Compost

Compost is the best organic natural fertilizer. The finished compost is a dark homogeneous crumbly mass. Use it as humus. For its preparation, a special area with sides of 1.5-2 m is removed. The upper layer of the soil is removed to a depth of 20 cm, the resulting pit is covered with a layer of peat with a thickness of 10-15 cm. You can pour a layer of land with a thickness of 5-10 cm. On this place then Fold various organic materials and waste. Each layer with a thickness of 20-30 cm is poured by dung alive, water, lay a bird litter there and sprinkled with a thin layer of soil. You can add to a compost and mineral fertilizers. Waste warehouses are carried out until a pile reaches a height of 1-1.5 m.

So that the organic mass is better overloaded, the compost pile is periodically moisturized. Every 1-2 months, it was shuffled for a pitchfork. IN summer time Compost after 3-4 months is ready. It can be used to fertilize the beds. Wood sawdust, needles decompose very slowly, so the compost of them becomes suitable for use only after 1-2 years.

Bird litter

Bird litter in his own way chemical composition More rich nutrient for plants substances than manure. He very quickly has his action. In its pure form, it is made in the soil only when leaning. Do it both in the spring, and in the fall. On 1 m2 of the soil consumption 0.2-0.3 kg of bird litter. For feeding plants, bird litter is bred by water. They are filled with a container by 1/3 and poured to the edges with water. Insist the bird litter within 2-4 days and at the same time mixed periodically. Then, the obtained fertilizer is diluted with water 3-4 times and is used for watering plants. 1-1 m2 of the Earth consumes 1-1.5 buckets of liquid fertilizer.

You can prepare a bird's fertilizer in a different way. In the bucket of water bred 1-2 kg of bird litter. Then they water rows and furrows at the rate of 1.5 liters per 1 m2. After that, the beds are sprinkled with soil.

Peat

In its pure form to use peat for feeding plants inexpedient. In the nitrogen peat is in a hard-to-plant form. It is present for plants for plants. Cyssic compounds are present, therefore it is characterized by high acidity.

Sometimes peat is introduced into light sandy and heavy drum soils to improve their structure. However, the acidity of peat is pre-neutralized. To do this, 2-3 kg of lime or 3-4 kg of wood ash are added per 100 kg of the rod peat. A nyline peat before use is ventilated. At the same time, its humidity decreases and non-oxidized substances are completely oxidized.

Mineral fertilizers

Mineral fertilizers increase soil fertility and improve plant nutrition. They contain mineral salts. In its composition, they are divided into simple and complex. Simple mineral fertilizers contain one of the nutrient elements (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, copper, etc.). Complex mineral fertilizers contain two or more nutrient elements. Complex mineral fertilizers are divided into the number of nutrient elements.

How deficiency is manifested chemical elements in plants

If the plant lacks any important chemical elements, it begins to root. In each case, certain features appear, for which it is possible to determine which item is not enough to plant. The shortage can be filled with fertilizers (Table 1).

Table 1. Signs of lack of chemical elements in plants

Top fertilizers For garden vegetables: Useful tips

Bread starter for cucumbers

To get a rich harvest of cucumbers, you need to regularly feed them! For this, the bread goal is suitable. Prepare it simply!

Fill the bucket on 2/3 with chopped black bread cries, fill with water and give away something heavy. The cakes will pop up when the bread starts to scatter. Suppose a bucket in a warm place for a week. Put the burst 2l. Refrigerate. And bypass this bread Cucumbers for root. These feeders can be carried out once a week since the beginning of flowering and before the start of withering.

Coniferous infusion will get rid of

For this, 500g. Fill 2l or fir needles. Feed 2l. And let it be in a dark place during the week. Feed the use of water (1: 7) and spray.

Tobacco against Colorado Beetle

This way of dealing with the colorado beetle I opened randomly. Somehow young people rested at the cottage with kebabs and, of course, with cigarettes.

Knowing my negative attitude to smoking, the guys took a small metal bucket, poured into it the water and threw the cigarettes there. In the evening I decided to collect Colorado beetles. Without thinking, he took a bucket with the cigarettes and began to shake the beetles in him. Later decided to see if the beetles were crawling. But it turned out that they are all dead!

You imagine what kind of tobacco playing!

Long husk from the yellowing of the leaves of cucumbers

The cucumbers have launched the leaves sharply? Adjust them onion in the same way. To do this in a metal bucket warm water (30g.) Add 1st. low husk. Put the bucket on the fire, bring to the boil and let it brew for 2 hours. Then, from the watering can be influenced by the leaves of cucumbers.

Adjust the ammonia

The tips of the onions pale pale, and the feather itself became yellowish! He lacks nitrogen. The solution will help the ammonia solution.

It is done like this: at 10l. Escribe 3st. Such.Nacharya. And in the evening, spin onions with this solution under the root.

Plant fertilizer: organic fertilizers (manure, bird litter, siturates, nitrogen, natural minerals, peat, coal, ash), organic fertilizers with shop shelves.

In order to live, plants need to eat. They get their nutrients from the soil. Of course, there is already the main source of nutrients in the garden land. But it should be constantly replenished. This should be done first of all by entering organic in the soil, and then mineral fertilizers.

Organic fertilizers

This is a natural organic fertilizer. It would seem, what can he be harvested by the soil? But the unreasonable application of manure to the soil is also harmful as its shortage. An experienced gardene will never make crude dung in the soil, but will miss it through compost. The manure of cattle contained on the straw litter has all the most important nutrients. He is under the age of horse manure, but he is too calming. Horse manure is good for early gantry packing. How the fertilizer is used in the form of compost.

Bird litter.

Littering poultry, especially chicken litter, is a very strong fertilizer. It contains nitrogen more than in manure, it also contains phosphorus and potassium, but in much smaller quantities. Why, with such a superstav, you ask, the bird manure is so inactive. The reasons are mostly two. First, the bird manure is extremely nasty smellSecondly, it contains a large number of seeds of weeds and eggs of helminths. In addition, fresh litter reacts too actively, which can cause harm to plants.

True, science found a way out. Today, the industry offers gardens to use dry bird litter. It is prepared using thermal drying at very high temperatures. As a result, a granular fertilizer is obtained. gray. An unpleasant smell is true, it remains, but it is no longer compared with it. Nutrients in dry litter persist, but the seeds of weeds, the eggs of worms and flies die. Dry litter should be brewed with water at the rate of 100 g per 10 liters of water, insist and use plants for feeding during the growing season. It is even better to prepare compost, mixing dry litter and peat in a 1: 2 ratio. If desired, you can add to such compost and mineral fertilizers.

Siderats.

Wonderful organic fertilizer is a herbal nutrient solution. How to cook it? Putting herbs. It is best to start with nettle. The grass is chopped, and then folded into a plastic or wooden barrel and pour water. In the fermentation of Zhigi will be foaming, so it is impossible to pour the barrel to the top one. Herbal Zipie needs to stalk every day to the accumulated oxygen. In the sunny, warm summer, green fertilizer will wander especially strongly. Often, gardeners complain that herbal alien makes too strong, unpleasant smell. You can get rid of it if you add several drops of valerian extract into the liquid. After about two weeks, Zhigi enlighterate. Frying is over, green fertilizer can be applied.

I could not be used from nettle from nettles. It must be dissolved with water in the ratio of 1: 10. Watering should be under the root. The nettle albeit well feeds the exhaust planting of tomatoes, cabbage, celery, cucumbers. But for beans, pea and onions this fertilizer does not fit.

Nitrogen - from legumes.

Bean cultures have a magnificent ability to enrich the soil with nitrogen. These plants "work" together with nitrogen intimating bacteria. Clover, Vika, Lupine, and from vegetable crops - peas and beans are excellent azotopters. Plants planted in beds, where legumes grew up in the previous year, practically do not need additional feeding. By the way, legume plants also loose soil, because their root system is deeply distributed. Overhead mass of legumes is also a good green fertilizer.

Natural minerals.

A group of soil improvers can be attributed to the group of natural mineral fertilizers, for example, stone flour. It is a stone dust, a coat of carbonistricular and the stone processing industry. The composition of flour depends on the processed mountain breeds. The most valuable stone flour from granite and basalt, it serves as a source of microelements and minerals, has the ability to delay a large amount of water, which is important for improving sand soils. In general, any stone flour improves the structure of the soil, delays the removal of the nutrients from it.

Especially well binds nutrients and improves calcium soil structure. It neutralizes excessive acidity. It should be borne in mind that the dose of calcium fertilizers cannot be overstated, otherwise the reaction of the soil solution will be alkaline. It will be difficult to correct the mistake, and the alkali will damage the plants. Calcium make gradually and directed. For example, on loams, stone dust containing calcium can be used only once.

Peat - medicine for the garden. Usually, peat is considered as a healing agent for the garden. His main merit is that it has a property to absorb a lot of water and thus adjust the soil moisture. It is used to improve the structure of light sandy soils. But also on raw, clay soils, peat can be tied to a certain extent to bind the surplus of moisture. However, peat can acidify the soil, then for neutralization it is necessary to use dolomite flour or lime. Peat almost does not contain nutrients, so it must be enriched with mineral fertilizers, compost, stone flour.

Fertilizer from the stove.

As is known, when burning firewood, branches, straw and other plant residues, a chimney ash is obtained. Phosphorus and potassium in ashes are contained in an easily accessible form for plants. The value of ash is that there is almost no chlorine in it, but there are sulfur, iron, magnesium, boron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc. Wood and straw ash can be used on all soils other than the sun. It not only enriches the soil with food elements, but also improves it physical propertiesAnd besides, reduces acidity. At the same time, more favorable conditions for the development of useful microflora are created, and the resulting yield increases.

The ash must be chopped into the soil at least 8-10 cm, because, left on the surface, it contributes to the formation of soil crust, harmful to plants and microflora.

On the subline and clay soils, the asna should be made under the autumn people, and on sand and sandy - under the spring. To increase the efficiency of the ash, it is not used in pure form, but in conjunction with peat or humus as an organometallic mixture (1 part of the ash are stirred with 2-4 parts of the wet peat or humoring).

Mixing with superphosphate, phosphoritic flour and thomas slag reduces accessibility for phosphorus plants. For the same reason, it is impossible to make ash along with lime, as well as apply it on recently limestone soils.

Organic fertilizers with shop shelves.

"Contempt-ka!" - liquid organic fertilizer, designed for fertilizer and feeding of vegetable, berry and fruit crops, colors. Sold drug in white plastic bottles Various containers. The basis of the drug - the salts of humic acids; They are formed as a result of the decomposition of plant and animal residues, which perfectly increase the soil fertility. In addition to the organic components in the fertilizer, macro and microelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, zinc, etc.) are present. For feeding plants, 0.5 cup fertilizers are bred in 10 liters of water.

Biohumus "Vermix" is a humus obtained from the processing of organic waste by Californian red worm. Fertilizer is a bulk product of dark color, has a neutral reaction. Biohumus is rich in enzymes, soil antibiotics, plant growth hormones. You can enter fertilizer, both in a dry form and in the form of infusion (1.8 kg of fertilizer are bred in a bucket of water and insist 1-2 days.

Compost "Reliable" - organic fertilizer, which is a rash mass, very similar to ordinary land. Use it as a fertilizer and feeding of gardening, ornamental and indoor plants, as well as in the amount of seedliness.

The nutrients contained in the fertilizer are easily penetrated into the soil and quickly come to plants. There are no weed seeds in the compost, Egg Helmint. After putting in the soil of the compost "Reliable" no longer needed feeding with biodeadows. It is possible to use fertilizer with a continuous portion of the site in spring or autumn, but much more efficiently pointing when planting seedlings, bulbs, tubers, shrubs (100-200 g in each well). For feeding should be placed 0.5 kg of compost in 10 liters of water and to withstand within 3 days. For each plant, use 0.5 liters of solution.

Supercrosspost "PIKSA" - organic fertilizer with biodevices. It is a bulk product of black with the smell of land. It has a weakly familiar nature of the impact on the soil. Use more expedient just when planting vegetables - in the wells to make 10-15 g (1 tablespoon). When landing berry crops in landing pit Lay 0.2-0.3 kg (2-3 cups) fertilizers. For fruit and berry shrubs and trees, norms above: 0.5-0.7 kg (liter bank).

Bud Picca - liquid organic fertilizer with biodeadow - apply for fertilizer and feeding and to restore soil fertility. Sold By. plastic bottles. It is a liquid of a marsh color with the smell of manure. A fertilizer is produced by the fermentation of the organic organics (manual of cattle) without air access. This allows you to translate nutrients into plants available for plants. For feeding 0.5 liters of fertilizer is divorced in 10 liters of water.

Since the occupation of flowers from my hobby has grown into the second profession, I see that not all dackets understand the "feeding" of plants: either they do not feather them at all, or overproof from the soul. Moreover, garden crops rarely die from exhaustion - they are much more dying as a result of excess permeans with fertilizers, especially mineral. How much do you need to make fertilizers and in what kind to bring pets to benefit, and not harm? Various soils require different additives. It is best to repel from the results of the soil analysis in the agrochemical laboratory. If there is no opportunity to make such a study, you have to focus on the average norms.

Basics

If we grow decorative plants, you should remember: only the complete and correct "feeding" will help completely reveal their natural beauty. Considering that the filtering of flowers is best carried out with regard to the biological phases of their development, there will be different fertilizers. Since the beginning of vegetation, plants consume all elements of nutrition in different proportions - something more, something less. Feed the plants with the start of development only with nitrogen, as usual is recommended, not very useful. At the beginning of the season and before flowering, it is better to use complex fertilizers containing nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, with a predominance of nitrogen, and after flowering - only potassium and phosphorus.

Plants are necessary for the development of about 17 elements, 14 of which they take from the soil. Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium are required in large quantities, and they are called macroelements. The remaining elements are also very necessary, but are required in very small doses, so they are called microelements (manganese, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum, cobalt), iron and chlorine occupy an intermediate position, but they are more often related to trace elements. The availability of nutrients depends not on their quantity, but from the soil acidity. In very acidic soil, the main elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) are not available plants, and in the alkaline medium of the pH9 and above the receipt of most trace elements in the plants.

Fertilizers are organic, mineral and mineral organic. Mineral fertilizers are divided into simple and complex. According to the international agreement, manufacturers on packaging of any fertilizer must be applied 3 numbers separated by a dash. They correspond to the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N-R-K). For example, the Marking of Potash Selitra 13-0-46, which means that it contains 13% nitrogen and 46% K2O, does not contain phosphorus - in other words, in 100 g of fertilizer there is 13 g of nitrogen and 46 g K2O.

Nitrogen

Nitrogen and potassium are competitors, in proper fertilizer potassium should be one and a half times more than nitrogen. The most common nitrogen fertilizers are nitrate, that is, nitric acid salts. All of them are well soluble in water, besides, nitrogen is located in a form available for plants. But you need to pay attention to what kind of Selith lies on the store. "Classic" option is ammonia nitrate. This is very good fertilizer, in which nitrogen is located immediately in two forms: one is absorbed quickly and efficiently, and the other has a prolonged action. Sodium and calcium nitrates are supported by the soil, so they are not recommended to be used for plants that prefer acidic soils (Rhododendrons, Vereskov and representatives of the Barrusnichny family). Very acidic fertilizer - ammonium sulfate, its acidic ability is twice as high as ammonium nitrate and urea. It is better not to apply at all or use only for amateur soils.

The mansion is the urea, in which nitrogen is located in a slowly entering the form. It is better to use it for refueling pits. In addition, plants do not absorb nitrogen from urea at temperatures below 12 ° C. Especially undesirable to use urea on light soils (sandy and sulesa) - they poorly hold ammonia, formed during the decomposition of ammonium carbonate, in which urea goes in the soil.

Urea has its own specific application. 5% (500 g / 10 l) urea solution is used to disinfect trees and shrubs, but only on a green cone (it is better to use together with a solid solution).

It makes no sense to make nitrogen in the soil in the fall. He can fly or wash out of the soil, and we need to be absorbed. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizers are better to use in spring.

About nitrates. It is believed that their elevated content in vegetables is associated with excessive flow of nitrogen. In fact, the problem is in the other, namely, in the violation of the balance of nutrient elements in the soil. The deficiency of molybdenum and magnesium, illumination and water leads to the accumulation of nitrates.

Phosphorus

It is usually contained in complex fertilizers (nitroammophos, nitroammophos, diammonium phosphate, diammofosk, superphosphate, ammophos, potassium monophosphate).

Superphosphate is simple and double. Simple better apply for chernozem. In the suburbs, where the soils are acidic, you only need to use double superphosphate. And even better to make an extract: 100 g of substance pour 1 l hot water, insist, strain. 100 ml of drawing corresponds to 20 g of the active substance. For the feeder is divorced in 10 liters of water (100 ml / 10 l / m2). If there is no desire to make the preparation of solutions, buy potassium monophosphate. This is an excellent autumn fertilizer.

And what to do the inhabitants of lowland lands with a simple superphosphate? It is pointless to bring it in the soil - there is a phosphorus quickly (for 72 hours) binds to aluminum compounds and turns into a stone. Therefore, the most reasonable application of superphosphate is to add it to the prepasive compost (laying the layers).

To be continued

To improve the composition and structure of the soil, to increase the fertility of the soil and receipt good yields It is necessary to introduce fertilizers. Ferms are divided into organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers. When to make fertilizers? What fertilizers are made in the fall in the soil, and what fertilizers in the spring are introduced when planting plants? First of all, consider organic fertilizers.

1 humid or compost - valuable organic fertilizer. Contains potassium, magnesium, phosphorus. It is pretty easy to prepare from the remains of plants that focused foliage, small branches and other organic matter. Folding gradually all the waste of the garden and the garden in a certain place (compost pit) in a year we obtain valuable fertilizers for plants.

2 Manure or chicken litter - efficient organic fertilizer. But it is necessary to apply it in small dosages and well overworked. Manure contains nitrogen, but in long decomposing compounds, therefore it is necessary to join the manure.

3 Lake or River Il. Valuable organic fertilizer. The lake il - sapropel is most appreciated. But it is possible to use it as a fertilizer only after conducting, which removes excessive moisture and harmful connections. The best fertilizer fertilizer is a compost with the addition of il.

4 Herbal infusions. This organic fertilizer is applied as root and extraxnealing feeders. Herbal infusions are made from a certain type of grass (crop, chamomile, socket), also just from the green mass of prefabricated herbs.

5 Bioguumus - fertilizer, obtained in the process of processing plant residues of the organic with the help of Californian worms.

6 - plants that are grown for subsequent steps and close up in the soil for obtaining fertilizer, improving the structure of the soil and the fight against weeds.

All these fertilizers improve the composition of the soil, improve soil fertility, have a positive effect on the development of plants. But the disadvantage of organic fertilizers is that they are made to the soil are required in large quantities compared with mineral fertilizers.

Plant fertilizers Video:

Mineral fertilizers are: nitrogen potassium and phosphate. Briefly stop at each of them.

Nitrogen - An important component for the development of plants. Nitrogen need is large in the first half of the vegetation. Lack of nitrogen - yellow leaves, lag in growth and development. Excess nitrogen leads to excessive growth of green mass sometimes to the detriment of harvest and excessive accumulation of nitrates in the fruits. What are nitrogen fertilizers?

Carbomide or urea - fertilizer, which contains 46% nitrogen. It is used for root and extractive feeding.

Ammonium nitrate - nitrogen content 35% You can feed plants when watering, as the nitrate is well dissolved in water. Imagine an ammonium saltper is better in spring.

Ammonium sulfate is a nitrogen content of 20%. This drug is also well soluble in water.

Sodium Selith - Nitrogen content 16%. It is used for filtering plants when watering.

Calfberry Selitra - Nitrogen content of about 17%. Replaces for root and extractive feeding. Very good for feeding onion of bulbous plants.

Nitrogen is also contained in complex mineral fertilizers, such as alophos, azophoska.

Phosphorusa plant is needed at all stages of vegetation. Phosphorus is needed with the development of the root system of the plant, when it is blooming, in the formation of fruits. For perennial plants Phosphorus is very important, because it affects the winter hardiness of the plant. With a lack of phosphorus, the plant is poorly developing, it has a weak root system, weak shoots. The main source of phosphate compounds is manure, compost, humus. Plant phosphor is assimilated only in water soluble compounds. Although phosphorus compounds may not be soluble in water, but soluble in weak acids, and therefore in acidic soils. As well as phosphorus, not soluble in water and weak acids, but gradually, under the action of acids in the soil, root discharge of plants, these phosphorus compounds are converted into the compounds digestible. The overabundance of phosphorus blocks the assimilation by the microelerant plant such as iron, magnesium, calcium.

In organic fertilizers, phosphorus is contained in ash to 7%.

superphosphate - fertilizer containing about 20% phosphorus oxide.

Superfos - fertilizer containing about 40% phosphorus oxide.

Precipate - contains about 30% phosphorus oxide.

Bone flour - contains about 30% phosphorus oxide.

Potassium It affects the set of processes occurring in plants from seed germination to resistance to temperature differences and disease resistance. The potassium content in the soil depends directly from the structure and composition of the soil. Greater potassium content in clay soils. Make potash fertilizers better. Quite a large number of potassium is contained in woodwindBut you do not need to connect ash with other fertilizers and manure, it worsens the quality of fertilizers. What fertilizers contain potassium?

Potassium sulfate is potassium content up to 52%. Fertilizer is brought in autumn.

Potash Selith is potassium content up to 45%. Fertilizer contribute in spring.

Kalimagnesia - potassium content up to 25% and 18% magnesium. Entered as root and extra-green subcords Plants. Used as fertilizers for potatoes, for tomatoes.

Ash how to fertilizer video: