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Many lizards, such as Gecko, have a wonderful ability to easily climb along vertical surfaces. This process fascinated scientists for many years, but in how it happens, they figured out quite recently.

A clearer understanding of the principle of action of pillows on the paws of Geccon gave experts the hope that the exact copy of these pillows can keep the weight of a person.

But it was necessary to solve another problem associated with these "man-heckon gloves" - a problem of a uniform weight distribution. The weight of the hanging man should be distributed so that neither in the same pillow has a critical stress that can cause a chain reaction and destroy the entire system. A group of researchers led by an engineer from Stanford ethane Hawkers believes that they managed to solve this problem. They developed a dry binder called PDMS, in which there is nanofibers, similar to the hackcon hairs. They are aligned when the glove moves along the surface down, and the clutch with the surface increases due to the resulting electromagnetic attraction. At the same time, the glove is easily "peeling" from the surface during a jerk perpendicular to its plane.

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Darpa in the framework of the Z-MAN program demonstrated a human lifting of a glass wall with gloves imitating geccon's paws. Development of velcro, which allows you to crawl along the walls, is carried out by Americans for several years.

The researcher of the US prospective research agency (DARPA) weighing about 98 kg with an additional cargo of 23 kg rose to a height of 25 meters without using climbing equipment, except for gloves with a polymer microstructured coating, developed in the Drayer Laboratory in Cambridge (Massachusetts). This is stated on the official Darpa website.

Mountaineering equipment has not changed radically for a long time. The main tools for lifting are still the rope and staircase.

The State Agency DARPA, which is traditionally engaged in military developments, launched the Z-MAN program to create biologically inspired equipment for climbing on vertical surfaces from ordinary building materials.

Since the best climbers in the animal world are Gecko, it was decided to take an example from them. Nature is not used to - it has long been a copy object. These lizards can crawl up the most diverse surfaces, including smooth, thanks to the suction cups on the paws.

The lifting force of the sucker allows the gecko to hold his body, hanging on one finger. The heckcon finger consists of tiny bristles with a length of 100 microns and a radius of 2 microns. Each bristle, in turn, is formed by hundreds of other brushes with a diameter of about 200 nanometers, which are literally sticking to the surface.

For fastening to smooth vertical surfaces, new gloves, as well as Gecko, use van der Waals forces. People, of course, heavier than heckcon. One of the first problems that researchers faced in the process of creating gloves-suckers were scaling. If the usual heckon weighs 200 grams, then the average - 75 kilograms. In order for a person to move along the surfaces just like a lizard, he will need a sufficient clutch force. For this, Darpa has increased the surface area of \u200b\u200bgloves.

At the moment, gloves using artificial fabric look like flattened pillows that are not entirely convenient to use. But you do not need to forget that this is one of the first versions of the product. In the future, more advanced models will probably appear.

First source: Geckon's foot and micrograph of bristles with numerous "blades"

Purpose: "man-spider suit", allowing you to freely feel on any surfaces

Gecko lizards can crawl along vertical walls and even ceiling due to millions of tiny hairs located on the soles of the paws. At the end of each hairs there are thousands of miniature pads. These pads are firmly adhered to any surface, entering into interaction at the level of molecules and atoms, due to the electromagnetic nature of Van der Waals forces. Such a mechanism allows heekcones to hold weight, a few hundred times the superior masses, sticking to the ceiling or wall.

The same principle can be successfully used to create a special suit, with which a person can climb on the sheer walls. A group of Italian specialists under the leadership of Nicola Pugno appeared with the relevant statement. The idea is to cover gloves and shoes with crossed synthetic bristles, providing a sufficient degree of adhesion to the surface. Such materials already exist - we recall that the ability of the Stickybot robot was demonstrated to move along vertical surfaces due to many hairs from the elastomer covering his tentacles (we wrote about it in the note "technology of the year"). However, not everything is as simple as it may seem at first glance.

The force with which "Velcro" holds behind the wall is directly dependent on the area. With an increase in the size of the body of Geckon, the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe sole will grow in proportion to the square of its length, and the weight is proportional to Cuba. It turns out if heckcon is increased to the size of a person, it will not be able to climb on any vertical walls. Consequently, the gloves of the Spider man must have much greater adhesion than Geckon's paws.

Fortunately, the famous reptiles Gecko use the possibilities of Wan der Waal forces are not one hundred percent. "According to some calculations, adhesion strength can increase as much as 200 times as to the level that lizards demonstrate. True, while this is only the theory, "explains the Italian scientist. It expects to achieve acceptable indicators through the use of carbon nanotubes.

However, to ensure proper adhesion - only half. It is also necessary to think through the mechanism that would allow the carrier of the costume to tear the velcro from the wall (it is necessary to somehow rearrange your hands and legs!). Finally, Velcro must have the ability to self-cleaning, otherwise the dirt particles will very soon bring them out of order. This can be achieved by making the adhesive surface of very strong water repellent properties: miniature droplets of water flowing from nanotubes will wash off the foreign splashes from them. To do this, slightly slightly change the topology of the working surface, although it will deteriorate its "adepebility". "To force all these elements to work at the same time very difficult, as they are in a certain contradiction. However, Gecko are lively proof that in principle it is quite achievable, "the Nikola Puno summarizes.

Lazain on the walls is becoming increasingly popular, especially since artificial walls are installed in many gym and other indoor rooms. Classes on such a wall brings a lot of positive emotions, and future climbers are also prepared for real climb. How to climb the walls right and safe?

How to learn to climb on the walls

Start with the equipment: get a comfortable clothing and special boots, take care of reliable ropes and other gear. Listen to safety instructions, select a reliable instructor. Going to the wall, look for an appropriate support pad in it, put your left leg into it. Capturing hooks over your head, move your body up. To rearrange the left leg above, put your hand on the right foot. Such a taking equilibrium is achieved and stored easier compared to the simple movement of the leg in the direction of any accessible point. Continue the rise, leaning on the legs consistently (right-left), remember: more use legs, less - hands. Hands will be useful to you to provide additional support. Constantly keep your hand above the head on the hook, so you hold on the wall with a loss of equilibrium. Remember: Each hook is taken by hand correctly immediately - without subsequent interceptions.

Study to climb on the walls, getting acquainted gradually with new technical techniques, increasing endurance, dexterity and strength, master new types of movements, built on dynamic, displaced or static equilibrium. Do not forget to take into account your own weight and growth that affect, as a rule, the choice of one or another technique and the method of performing movements. Let's say one convenient to crawl along the walls, straining fingers and hands, raising her legs to take a comfortable position and already slowly and calmly fulfill the necessary interception. Another one would prefer to jump from the bottom legs and instantly stabilize its position without spending extra forces to raise the legs in search of a suitable reference site.

How to walk on the walls professionally

It is very important to learn how to maintain balance. It is impossible to understand how to properly use the reference platform without mastering the feeling of your own center of gravity, without the ability to correctly arrange the housing and legs in order to achieve static equilibrium, without skills on the transfer of the center of gravity in the middle of the reference site. In the development of these skills, such exercises will help as crawling without hands on a positive wall or climbing blindly. To begin with, just go to the vertical wall and, having any position, try to feel the location of your center of gravity at the moment. Feel what movements will not violate the balance, and which inevitably shifted the balance to fall.

How to walk on the walls, as if on the ground? It is impossible without the development of such techniques, as the resulting of Fleag and knee, twisting and skills perform the reversals of the housing. Osiving these and other climbing techniques, you can use a significant number of provisions of dynamic and static equilibrium, which diversifies your movements on the stand, and then on the wall.

Signs about spiders were created on the basis of perennial observations. Gradually, a certain relationship between the behavior of the eight of the creatures and further events in the life of the hosts of houses was established. These conclusions were transmitted from the mouth to the mouth from the most ancient times and gradually got to the present day. And since Spiders lived and live in almost every home and apartment, then a lot of information gathered.

Meeting point

Spiders can be called omnipresent. These creations are able to climb into the most tiny gap and penetrate any room. Thus, they are found in urban apartments, and country houses, and in office space, and even in cars.

On a note! As for our ancestors, they considered spiders with mystical creatures, a certain binding link between reality and otherworldly peace. In addition, if you look into the past, then there you can detect many amazing healing drugs, which necessarily served as spiders!

In the House

First, let's find out if spiders appeared in the house, it's good or bad. According to ancient led, such a neighborhood promises wealth and well-being. At the same time, almost all nations are inclined to this opinion, and their signs regarding the appearance of spiders in the house are most positive. Therefore, it is not necessary to especially be afraid with an unexpected meeting with spider-shaped, as they are harbing good events.

The same value will also have a sign about the appearance of octalized creatures in the city apartment: absolutely all of its inhabitants they stick happiness and success. Especially well, if the spider meets you turned out to be white - the sign says that such a segment collects the whole negative, which has accumulated in his house.

But there are other notation.

• Peukka saw and frightened - to bad Wests.
• Crawling on the floor to you to meet - wait for good changes in the financial sector.
• It is removed from you on the floor - you are waiting for losses.
• Tops on clothes - in the near future you will get the cheap new thing.
• The spider is wearing a web, sitting in its very center - this sign will sucitten clear and sunny weather.
• There is a web, and the owner is not in it - most likely it will rain.
• Crawling around the house in the morning hours - a bad sign.
• Climbs around the house after lunch - to great luck.
• I ran around home in the evening - it is possible to get a gift.
  

  Tip! On this day, it is advisable not to take any important decisions, since the outcome of the case with a large probability will not be in your favor!

• A black spider is weeping a web over the bed - her owner will soon get sorrite.
• If a network of such a creature is located above the lies of the married couple, then it is possible to cool the relationship between them or treason.
• Sits on the threshold - to losses.
• The spider went down from the ceiling and turned out to be directly before your face - such a sign promises an ambulance with a pleasant meeting or the arrival of dear guests to your home.

In the office

If the spider has some surprising way, it turned out to be in your workplace, then the sign will relate exclusively to the business sphere.

• Crawling nearby - expect a business letter or meeting.
• Climbing along the wall up - most likely, you are waiting for a monetary promotion, a project that you worked on that for so long, you will still accept or an incredulous client will still agree to sign a contract.
• Sucked to the floor and immediately disappeared - the wage delay or an unpleasant conversation with the boss.
• Suddenly fell on the desktop - soon you will have an enemy / envious, which will try to put your person in the unprofitable light.

Recommendation! In such a situation, the sign advises not to think about the bad, but more diligently fulfill his working responsibilities. In this case, as they say, the mosquito of the nose is not pumped, and it will remain inherent in the broken trough!

In car

Personal car is also in a sense a personal space, and therefore the value will take a spider in the car especially will not differ from the interpretation of his appearance, say, at home or at work.

• Crawling on the chair, on the ceiling or on the dashboard - a hint of a certain amount of money that will become either profit, or, on the contrary, will leave your purse.
  

  On a note! In this case, the rotation of the events will determine the direction in which the spider moves: you will meet the profit, you probably will be stopped by the traffic police officers!

• Big Spider - a large amount, small - respectively, minor.
• He climbed on you - the profit will be guaranteed.
• Splla cobweb right in the car - a very good sign. In this case, you can assume that you are under its protection.

In the bathroom

I will receive a relatively meeting with the spider in the bathroom refer to a separate category, and therefore its designation will be somewhat different from interpretations associated with the house.

• Settled in the bathroom - you are waiting for stagnation, both in your personal life and in current affairs.
  
• Another sign speaks about spider in the bathroom, as a leak. It can be money, important information or the loss of valuable things.
• Crawling to you to meet - wait profit.
• A sudden meeting with spider - to the rapid cleansing of spiritual and personal life.

On the street

Meeting with spiders may well happen on the street. What does she promise to us according to the signs and people's beliefs?

• Get into a large cobweb - a very bad sign. It promises you a lot of small troubles and even bad fame about you in society.
• A little to touch the web with your hand or another part of the body - a good omen. Soon, a pleasant meeting with an old friend will be awaiting you, which will be remembered by both solely on the positive side.
• A web closed to your clothes imperceptibly and you saw her only at home - to wealth.

Spider and man

There are several adoptions that are associated with the direct interaction of spider and humans.

• Runs from you - warns of unforeseen spending money.
• The spider descends down the web right on you - this sign says that you will find the opportunity to take an unexpected inheritance or win the lottery.
• If a black spider is black, then you should expect bad news.
• Fell on your head - the profit is directly collapsed on you.
• Soots down during the feast right on the table - in life you will have an enemy.
• Kill spider - this is not the best sign. According to various sources, it promises the forgiveness of a certain amount of sins - from 7 to 40 - however, it will be achieved not a simple price: either through the disease of the one who killed a spider, or by losing a very valuable thing or through parting with an expensive person.
  

  Tip! If you are an ardent opponent of any living beings in your home or experience the strongest fear over spiders, then you should not kill them immediately. The best solution will be neat its "eviction": collect a web with a broom or a branch and transfer it along with the "master" by the door!

• The spider crawls on the hand of a person - such a sign speaks of the soon receipt of money.

As you can see, there is a huge amount of and folk belief about spiders. And as it was possible to notice, most of them still have a favorable interpretation. If spiders in your house are a little and they do not particularly annoy your presence - do not hurry to drive them out. Let them sit in the corners and slowly clean your dwelling from negative energy. While they agree to live next to you, the world and well-being in your house will reign.

Believe in signs or not? It all decides for himself. But, no matter how it was, it is always necessary to hope for a good source, and therefore it is better to pay attention and believe in the signs of a positive character. By the way, according to observations, these are more often come true.

The main thing is not to be treated to destroy the spiders you met. Those species that live in our homes are most safe. In addition, they are part of the ecosystem and in many respects you help - they eat mosquitoes, flies and other unwanted insects.