Describing ordinary situations from life, the writer is trying to attract the attention of the reader to a shortage of manifestation of tenderness among modern people. Touching stories help to see the significance of little things in the relationship, of which the whole of our life is.

Talented Russian writer Teffi N. A. wrote a collection of stories about the trembling feeling - tenderness. Each described situation is supported by emotional color, emphasizing the importance of what is happening.

Thanks to the relaxed yumor and lyrical phrases in her stories, the mood and character of heroes is very accurate. On the example of the relationship between a woman and a man, between children and adults, between people and animals, the author shows how only a few gentle words or gestures can make absolutely happy each of us. Touching and the defeated statements produce a strong impression and make reconsider their attitude towards others.

Love and tenderness: disappearance of tenderness in the modern world

In many episodes, TEFFI opposes the adult to the children's feeling of reality. Immersed in the whirlpool of endless problems, adults forget about humanity, showing dryness and cruelty. While the children perceive the world around the world through spiritual warmth and heart experience. Tenderness to the child is manifested primarily through tactile contact.

For harmonious development, each kid needs to feel parental arms. Moreover, the amount of hugs per day affects the child in different ways, not at all is not enough. Scientists conducted a lot of experiments, proving that hugging a sick baby, we helps him to recover rather.

• In stories "Our life", "We are evil", "Easter Child" The author shows how everyday events landing a person. And only the immersion in the world of fantasies, pink dreams and proven desires, filled with love and tenderness, help us to be happier.
• The wrought out of the writing of the writer fully reflects its female position: "Tenderness is the most meek, timid, divine face of love. This is the feeling that comes from above and cares about his beloved, guarding it. "
• TEFFI suggests that this trepal experience is a continuation of love, its important component. The manifestation of heat and softness to another person, sincerely gratuitous desire to help and save - all this manifestation of tenderness.
• In his arguments, the writer compares combination of love with passion and love with tendernessBy preferring the second option. On the example of real stories, shows a number of advantages of tenderness in front of other feelings. Love in combination with tenderness of unselfish and merciful.

• In the rustling of tenderness people strive give your heat, attention, care. Love in combination with passion is more selfish. The person embraced by passion is striving for his own saturation, satisfaction and well-being. But in real love you need to surrender to another person.

Tenderness - the most meek, timid, Divine Lick of Love Tafffi

In one of the stories, TEFFI shares the impressions of their observations for the elderly couple. The spouse carries for a sick husband and tries to brighten his difficult position in every way.

• Creating a woman's image, the author emphasizes her "anxious and happy eyes." Dislike for a man, reinforces him untidy frowning view. In exchange for a trembling and caring attitude, the woman listens to the rough statements of her husband and tolerate the Hamsheski attitude.
• The feeling of all-friendly love and tenderness towards her husband helps her to resist his ignorance. It is safe to say that the heroine has an inner force. Not everyone is ready to open his heart and soul in front of another person.
• His pity for heroine, TEFFI shows on the example of a broken little boy who witnessed the unfair relationship of a man to a woman. On the example of this situation, the author shows the power of the tenderness of the rising person.

• This feeling raises the desire to take care of their loved ones, protect them from adversity. Weak and sick people very sharply need a manifestation of tenderness, it helps them to become stronger and overcome their ailments: "But only a creature defenseless, we need to guard and protect, therefore the words of tenderness - the words are diminishing, coming from strong to weak."
• Feeling support from people, people appear hope and faith into a bright future.
• TEFFI statement: "Sister of tenderness - pity and they always go together." Divishes Archbishop John Shakhovskaya. In his poem, he writes that tenderness and pity are not divided, and each person comes as a whole: "... Pity and tenderness, tenderness and pity are always together…».

In the manifestation of his feelings, it is important not to overdo it. Excessive manifestation of tenderness depreciates in the eyes of a partner. He ceases to appreciate your actions. The obsessive concern can cause irritation. A person will begin to avoid you. Expressing your feelings, it is necessary to analyze the opposite sex reaction. We observe the overabundance of attention in the TEFFI story.

Instead of gratitude, a woman caused anger and irritation from a spouse. Children or animals can be a bright example. Each baby needs tenderness. But when he is constantly squeezed, he ceases to experience satisfaction from this process. Animals are also happy to perceive human love and affection. But when they are not released from the hands and limit the freedom of action, it causes their fright.

The manifestation of tenderness is much less common from men than from women. Men strive for a strong image. They try to avoid experiences making them vulnerable. Often this behavior is due to its father. Since childhood, we see the manifestation of tenderness primarily from the mother and, only in rare cases, it comes from the Father.

Wanting to raise in his son of the real man, many parents consider the manifestation of tenderness inappropriate. But a person who has not experienced tenderness in childhood, is unlikely to be able to make another person. Nobody taught it this. Of course, every person is individual and such an experience can be purchased in their adult life.

There is a category of men who compare tenderness with affection. There is a fear of losing his inner freedom. Instead of tenderness, the male floor prefers sexual contact. However, these are radically opposite concepts. The manifestation of tenderness is aimed at taking care of another person, and in the rustling of passion, the man primarily cares about the satisfaction of his own desires.

Everyone wants to be loved, feel a reverent attitude towards himself. At the same time, we need people who can give their care and tenderness. To see gratitude in the eyes of a person, feel its significance - all this gives a special pleasure.

Each woman needs spontaneous unpredictable manifestations of love. It is important for it to receive signs of attention, hear warm words, feel support. When the woman belongs not to as a partner, assistant, a housewife, but as a close native man, she begins to feel more confident. And it does not speak at all about female inferiority or initially understated self-esteem: "But do not think that the sense of tenderness lies with a person. On the contrary. Tenderness goes from above, she cares about her beloved, guarded, takes it. "

You can show my tenderness in different ways. Tender words, affectionate touch, kind look and smile, body contact - all this form of expression of your feelings. It is such a tenderness that is the present manifestation of the heart, and not physiological needs. With the help of such manifestations, the union of partners is fixed at the energy level.

We are increasingly facing indifference, cold views, and immelling statements. People are dissatisfied with themselves and the surrounding events immersed in their problems, do not notice the disappearance of tenderness in the modern world. There is no place for it. Many even hate this feeling, as they are embarrassed to open their soul or simply do not know how to show their experiences. It is difficult to say that in general gives them joy.

Tenderness comes only from strong people who have not been afraid to expose their soul and heart. This feeling is able to change a person, giving them to feel the new taste of life. Sharing your internal experiences with loved ones, we make them happier.

What is the tenderness through the eyes of different people?

• Tenderness manifests itself in excitement and embarrassment when meeting with her beloved.
• When you look at the photo of your loved one, then the heart free from the tide.
• Tenderness - This is an embarrassed smile on your face, filled with the light of your soul.

Tenderness is a confused smile

• - These are trembling touch, gentle kisses, stroking each mole and wrinkle on the body.
• Tenderness - This is when you can not get enough of a vote of a loved one, when you are involved in love with your eyes.
• Tenderness - It is stroking hair, inhalation of body fragrance, heartbeat of a loved one.
• Tenderness - These are memories of touching your beloved person to your lips, eyes, hands.
• Tenderness manifests itself in caution, trust, tacty, care. There is an inappropriate wild passion.
• Tenderness - This is a state of open, sincere, light, complete care and inner fullness of man.

Video: manifestation of love and tenderness

"And tenderness ... where it is not," Olga said Oblomov.

What is the phrase? How should it be understood? Why is such humiliation of tenderness? And where is it so often found?

I think it is inaccuracy here that not tenderness is condemned by Flame Olga, and the fashionable, at that time sentimentality, fake, superficial and manner occupation. It is the occupation, not a feeling.

But how can I condemn tenderness?

Tenderness is the most meek, timid, divine face of love. Sister tenderness - pity, and they are always together.

You will see them often, but sometimes you will meet where they did not expect anywhere, and in a combination of amazing.

Love-passion - always with a loaf by yourself. She wants to conquer, seduce, she wants to like, she hurts, pumped up, Merit, all the time is afraid to miss lost.

Love-tenderness (pity) - everything gives, and there is no limit to her. And she never looks around, because "not looking for her." Only she is alone and not looking for.

But it is not necessary to think that the sense of tenderness lies with a person. On the contrary. Tenderness goes from above, she cares about her beloved, guarded, take him. But only a creature defenseless, in need of care, you can take care and guard.

Therefore, the words of tenderness - the words are dimensional, coming from strong to weak.

Baby! Tiny!

Let the baby be fifty years old, and the tiny - seventy, tenderness goes from above, and sees them with small, defenseless, and suffer over them, is afraid for them.

Could Valkiriya, despite all his love for Siegfried, call him "Zaine". She is conquered by Siegfried, in her love - respect for muscles and to the power of the Spirit. She loves the hero. Tenderness in such love can not.

If a small, fragile, by nature, a tender woman will love Herporto, she will look for the moment that inflict it is a mighty creature to open the way for his tenderness.

He, of course, a very strong man, volitional, even rude, but you know, sometimes when he sleeps, his face is being made suddenly such a childish, helpless.

This tenderness is blindly, he is looking for his way.

One young Dane, the first time that fell into France, told himself with great surprise that French people call their children rabbits and chickens. And even - that is completely inexplicable - one lady called her sick-sized cabbage (top right) and cake (top cocotte).

And you know, she added, "I noticed that both for children, and in patients it acts very well.

Do you have any caressing words in Denmark?

No, even no.

Well, how do you express your tenderness?

If we love someone, then we try to make everything for him that only in our power, but to call a venerable man with chicken anyone will not come to mind. But a strange thing, "she added thoughtfully," I noticed that such an appeal really likes and even very well on children and patients.

Tenderness is rarely found and more and less.

Modern life is difficult and difficult. Modern man and in love seeks, first of all, to approve their identity. Love is martial arts.

Yeah! Be in love? Well, okay.

Sleeves have shuffled, straightened their shoulders - well, who is who? Until the tenderness here? And whom to take care of who sorry - all the well done and heroes.

Who knows tenderness - that is noted. Archangel's spear pierced his soul, and will not be the soul of this neither peace, no action.

In our presentation, tenderness is drawn by the tenderness of a woman who bent down to the headboard.

Oh, that we know about these "meek women." We do not know anything about them.

No, not there you need to look for tenderness. I saw her otherwise. In the guys not at all poetic, in ordinary, even funny.

Tenderness is the most meek, timid, divine face of love. Love-passion - always with a loaf by yourself. She wants to conquer, seduce, she wants to like, she hurts, pumped up, Merit, all the time it is afraid to miss lost. Love-tenderness gives everything, and there is no limit. And she never looks around, because "not looking for her." Only she is alone and not looking for. But it is not necessary to think that the sense of tenderness lies with a person. On the contrary. Tenderness goes from above, she takes care of his beloved, guarded, takes it. But only the essence of the defenseless, in need of care can be patronated and guarded, therefore, the words of tenderness are the words of diminutive, coming from strong to weak.

Tenderness is rare and more and less. Modern life is difficult and difficult. Modern man and in love seeks primarily to approve their identity. Love is martial arts.

Yeah! Be in love? Well, okay. Sleeves have shuffled, straightened their shoulders - well, who is who?

Until the tenderness here? And whom to take care of who sorry - all the well done and heroes. Who knows tenderness - that is noted.

In the presentation of many, tenderness is drawn by necessarily in the form of a meek of a woman leaning towards the headboard. No, not there you need to look for tenderness. I saw it differently: in the guys not at all poetic, in ordinary, even funny.

We lived in a sanatorium near Paris. Walked, ate, listened to the radio, played Bridge, gledged. The real patient was only one - angering old man who corrected from typhus.

The old man was often sitting on the terrace in a chaise lounge, covered with pillows, wrapped in plaids, pale, bearded, was always silent and, if anyone passed by, turned away and closed his eyes. Around the old man, like a stray bird, his wife rushes. Female woman, dry, lightning, with faded face and anxiously happy eyes. And never she was sitting calmly. All something corrected near his patient. That turned over the newspaper, then whipped the pillow, then pushed the plaid, then the milk fled, then the medicine dripped. All these services older accepted with obvious disgust. Every morning with a newspaper in his hands, she was rushed from the table to the table, brushed apart with everyone and asked:

Here, maybe you will help me? Here is the Crossword: "What happens in a residential building?". Four letters. I write on a piece of paper to help Sergey Sergeevich. He always solves crossword puzzles, and, if it makes it difficult, I come to the rescue. After all, this is its only entertainment. Patients because as children. I'm so glad that at least it amuses it.

She spared and treated her with great sympathy.

And somehow it crawled on the terrace before usual. She sat down for a long time, shelled his plaids, put the pillows. He wrinkled and angrily pushed her hand, if she did not immediately guess his desire.

She, happily hiding, grabbed the newspaper.

Here, Sergey, today, it seems, a very interesting crossword.

He suddenly raised his head, ridked evil yellow eyes and all shook.

Clean you finally to hell with your idiotic crosswords! - he missed himself.

She turned pale and somehow sank out.

But you're ... - she was confused. - After all, you have always been interested ...

I have never been interested! "Everything was shaking and silen, with the animal enjoyment looking at her pale, desperate face." - Never! That you climbed with the persistence of degenerate, as you are!

She answered nothing. She only hardly swallowed the air, tightly pressed his hands to his chest and looked around with such pain and with such despair, precisely looking for help. But who can take seriously to such funny and stupid grief? Only a little boy who was sitting at the next table and saw this scene, suddenly climbed and cried bitterly.

according to N. A. Tafffi

What is tenderness ...? It is above this question that N. TEFFI will be designed to think, raising the problem of understanding love and tenderness.

Reflecting on the problem, the author compares such concepts as love - passion and love-tenderness, between which there is a big difference: the passion "Always with a loaf of himself", the tenderness of it in opposition never "is not looking for her". Also, the writer notes with regret that tenderness is becoming more common and less often, because in the modern world a person in love seeks "First of all to approve his personality," believing that the sense of tenderness only diminishes dignity. However, no doubt it is far away. The ability to exercise tenderness is not given to everyone. Only with sincere loving, selfless, ready to disinterestedly take care and protect close people have the power of tenderness, which always "goes from above." It is about such a person - about the old woman who has already been tirelessly concerned about her sick husband, "N. Taffphi narrates, showing an example of tenderness, love and care. The old woman "never sat calmly": she sent all her strength to make something good, useful for his beloved man, did not leave him for a minute, although he was often dissatisfied with it. Is it not a true manifestation of tenderness? ..

The position of the author is clear: Tenderness is the "Divine Lick of Love", manifested in the ability to give, not expecting anything in return, care, dedication ... N. Tefphi is sorely, when the tenderness does not correspond to reciprocity. She sorry to her an elderly woman as well as the boy who saw the old man in childish capricious and even robbed in response to the care and caress of his wife. It seems that the writer also wants "bitter-bitter" to cry with the boy.

I can not disagree with the position of N. TEFFI. Indeed, tenderness is the highest manifestation of love. The desire to take care of a person, gratuitous to give him warmth, joy ... What could be a brighter confirmation of love? The problem of understanding tenderness and love could not not get on the pages of the classics of Russian and foreign literature.

So, in the work of O. Henry "Gifts of Volkhvov" narrates on Jim and Delle - a poor married couple. They want to give each other for Christmas something special, but both are not enough money for it. The only jewel of Jim is a golden clock, and Dellah is her luxurious hair. Wanting to please each other, they donate their treasures and gifts buy gifts to the revenue money: Jim gives a spouse with precious pebbles, and she is a platinum chain for him already laid down the clock ... This ridiculous story O. Henry is a reader as a true manifestation of tenderness. To bring joy to each other for Christmas, each of the spouses goes to a peculiar sacrifice. I am convinced that tenderness, manifested in readiness for all for the sake of a loved one, is the best proof of real love.

So I want to note that tenderness plays an important role in love. She gives people all those elevated feelings that are experiencing a person. So let's show tenderness in relation to loved ones, beloved people!

Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify response numbers.

1) It is impossible to say that the sense of tenderness lies with a person.

2) Tenderness is often found in our lives, it helps a person to approve his personality.

3) Love-Passion is improving a person, makes him be a caring, gentle, attentive.

4) The rudeness of the sick husband offended, upset his caring, gentle and attentive wife.

Explanation.

Corresponding to the content of the text of the statement under the numbers 1 (Proposition 7), 4 (Proposition 46-58).

5 Incorrectly, because (23) No, it is not necessary to look for tenderness. (24) I saw it differently: in the guys not at all poetic, in ordinary, even funny.

Answer: 1, 4.

Answer: 14 | 41

Which of the listed statements are faithful? Specify response numbers.

1) The sentences 7-10 contains reasoning.

2) The proposals 11-14 presents the narration.

3) In Proposition 30, a description is presented.

4) The proposals 44-45 presented a story.

5) Proposals 57-58 contain reasoning.

In response, write numbers in ascending order.

Explanation.

Approval number 2 is erroneous, since 11-14 offers not a narrative, but reasoning.

Error and statement No. 5: 57 and 58, this is not reasoning, but a narrative.

Therefore, the remaining 1, 3, 4 are correct.

Answer: 1, 3, 4.

Answer: 134.

Source: Ege - 2015. Armchair Wave

From proposals 5-10, write antonyms (antonymic pair).

Explanation.

In sentence 10 contains antonyms: strong - weak.

Answer: Strong, weak.

Answer: High-rise | weak-mounted | Strongless

Source: Ege - 2015. Armchair Wave

Among the proposals 28-34 find such (s), which is connected (s) with the previous one with the help of the union and personal pronouns. Write the number (s) of this (s) offers (s).

Proposition 31 "And never sat calmly" is connected with the previous one with the help of personal pronouns, and the Union I.

Answer: 31.

Answer: 31.

Source: Ege - 2015. Armchair Wave

Rule: Task 25. Communication means of proposals in the text

Communication means of proposals in the text

Several proposals related to the whole topic and the main idea are called text (from lat. Textum - fabric, communication, connection).

Obviously, all offers, separated by a point, are not isolated from each other. There is a meaningful connection between two neighboring text proposals, and not only the proposals located nearby may be associated with one or more proposals. The semantic relationship between proposals is different: the content of one sentence may be opposed to the content of another; The content of two or more suggestions can be compared with one another; The content of the second offer can disclose the meaning of the first or clarify one of its members, and the third content is the meaning of the second, etc. The purpose of the task 23 is to determine the type of communication between proposals.

The wording of the task may be like this:

Among the proposals 11-18, find such (E), which is connected (s) with the previous one with the help of index pronouns, adverbs and single-handed words. Write a sentence (s) (s)

Or: Determine the type of communication between offers 12 and 13.

Remember that the previous one is one above. Thus, if the gap 11-18 is specified, then the desired offer is within the limits marked in the task, and the answer may be correct, if this proposal is associated with the 10th topics that are specified in the task. Replies can be 1 and more. Score for successful task assignment - 1.

Let us turn to the theoretical part.

Most often, we use such a text constructing model: each sentence is connected followed, this is called a chain bond. (About the connection parallel to say below). We speak and write, connect independent offers to the text on the simple rules. That's the point: in two neighboring offers, we must go about the same subject.

All types of communication is customary to divide on lexical, morphological and syntactic. As a rule, when connecting proposals to text can be used. at the same time several types of communication. This greatly facilitates the search for a desired sentence in the specified fragment. Let us dwell on each of the types.

23.1. Communication with lexical means.

1. The words of one thematic group.

The words of one thematic group are words that have the generality of lexical significance and denoting similar, but not the same concepts.

Examples of words: 1) forest, path, trees; 2) buildings, streets, sidewalks, square; 3) water, fish, waves; Hospital, Medical, Reception, Chamber

Water It was clean and transparent. Waves Rounded ashore slowly and silently.

2. Rodovoid words.

Rovenovid words are the words related to the relationship - the kind: the genus is a broader concept, the species is narrower.

Examples of words: Chamomile - flower; Birch - tree; Car - transportetc.

Examples of proposals: Under the window everything also grew birch. How many memories are connected with me tree...

Field romashki. become rare. But this is unpretentious flower.

3 lexical repeat

Lexical repetition is the rest of the same word in the same word form.

The closest connection of proposals is expressed primarily in repetition. Repeat a member of the sentence is the main chain feature. For example, in suggestions Forest was behind the garden. The forest was deaf, launched Communication is based on the model "subject to - subjectable", that is, the subject called at the end of the first sentence is repeated at the beginning of the following; in suggestions Physics is science. Science should use a dialectical method - "The model is a bit - subject"; In the example The boat moored to the shore. The shore was soaked in small pebbles - The model "The circumstance is subject to" and so on. But if in the first two examples of the word forest and science stand in each of the nearby offers in the same case, the word shore It has different forms. The lexical repeat in the assignments of the USE will be considered to repeal the words in the same word form, used in order to enhance the impact on the reader.

In the texts of artistic and journalistic styles, a chain connection by lexical repeat has often expressive, emotional character, especially when the repetition is at the junction of proposals:

Here disappears from the map of the Aral sea.

Whole sea!

Using the repeat here is used to enhance the impact on the reader.

Consider examples. We still do not take into account the additional means, we look only for lexical repeat.

(36) I heard how a very brave man, who passed war, said once: " It was scary, very scary. " (37) He spoke to the truth: he it was scary.

(15) as a teacher, I happened to meet young people, thirsting for a clear and clear answer to the question of the highest valueslife. (16) 0 valuesAllowing to distinguish good from evil and choose the best and most worthy.

note: different forms of words refer to another type of communication.For details on the difference, see the word form item.

4 Single words

Single words - words with the same root and overall value.

Examples of words: Motherland, Born, Birth, Rod; break up

Examples of proposals: I'm lucky be born Healthy and strong. The history of mine birth Not remarkable.

Although I understood that relationships need breakbut could not do this myself. This break Would be very painful for both of us.

5 Synonyms

Synonyms - the words of the same part of speech, close in meaning.

Examples of words: bored, frown, sad; Fun, joy, babysitting

Examples of proposals: For goodbye, she said that will be bored. I knew that too i will be sad On our walks and conversations.

Joy covered me, picked up and suffered ... LyclastIt seemed that there were no borders: Lina answered, finally replied!

It should be noted that synonyms are difficult to be in the text if you need to look for communication only with the help of synonyms. But, as a rule, along with this method of communication, others are used. So, in example 1 there is a union also , This connection will be discussed below.

6 contextual synonyms

Contextual synonyms - the words of the same part of speech that are converged only in this context, since they refer to one subject (feature, action).

Examples of words: kitten, poor, shalun; Girl, student, beauty

Examples of proposals: Kitty It lives quite recently. Husband shot loolegu From a tree, where he climbed, fleeing from dogs.

I guessed that she student. Girl continued to be silent, despite all the efforts on my part to talk her.

These words in the text find even more difficult: because the author does synonyms. But along with this method of communication, others are used, which facilitates the search.

7 Antonyms

Antonyms are the words of the same part of the speech opposite to meaning.

Examples of words: laughter, tears; hot Cold

Examples of proposals: I pretended that I was pleasant to this joke and squeezed out something like laughter. But tears They stood up and I quickly left the room.

Her words were hot and digger. Eyes candy cold. I like to get under the contrasting shower ...

8 contextual antonyms

Contextual antonyms - the words of the same part of speech opposite to meaning only in this context.

Examples of words: mouse - lion; Home - Green Work - Ripe

Examples of proposals: On the work This man was gray mouse. At home I woke up in it a lion.

Ripe Berries can be safely used for cooking jam. And here green It is better not to lay, they are usually puzzled, and can spoil the taste.

Pay attention to the non-random coincidence of terms (synonyms, antonyms, including context) in this task and tasks 22 and 24: this is the same lexical phenomenon, But considered at different angles of view. Lexical tools can serve to communicate two proposals worth a number, and may not be a link. At the same time, they will always be a means of expressiveness, that is, they have every chance of being the object of tasks 22 and 24. Therefore, the Tip: By performing the task 23, pay attention to these tasks. More theoretical material about lexical means you will learn from the rules-help to task 24.

23.2. Communication with morphological means

Along with lexical means of communication, morphological products are used.

1. Pronoun

Communication with pronouns is a connection at which one word or several words from the previous proposal is replaced by pronoun. To see such a connection, you need to know what kind of pronoun, what are the discharges in value.

What you need to know:

The pronouns are words that are used instead of a name (noun, adjective, numeral), refer to persons, indicate objects, signs of objects, the number of objects, without calling them specifically.

The value and grammatical features are allocated nine proliferations:

1) Personal (I, we; You, you; He, she, it; they);

2) Returnable (Himself);

3) Press (mine, yours, our, your, your own); As a assistant are used also forms of personal: his (jacket), her work), them (merit).

4) index (this one, that, such, such, so much);

5) determinatory (himself, most, all, every, every, other);

6) relative (who, what, what, what, which, how much, whose);

7) Questionaging (who? What? What? Whose? Which? Which? Where? When? Where? Where? Why? Why? What?);

8) negative (no one, nothing, any);

9) Uncertainty (someone, something, someone, someone, anyone, someone).

Do not forget that pronouns vary by casesTherefore, "you", "me", "about us", "about them", "no one", "everyone" is the forms of pronoun.

As a rule, the task indicates how discharge should be pronoun, but it is not necessary if there are no other pronouns in the specified period that perform the role of binding elements. It is necessary to clearly realize that not any pronoun, which is found in the text, is a link.

Let us turn to the examples and determine how Propositions 1 and 2 are associated; 2 and 3.

1) In our school recently made repairs. 2) I finished it many years ago, but sometimes I went, wandered on school floors. 3) Now they are some other people, others, not mine ....

In the second sentence of pronouns, two, both personal, i and her. Which one is that stretchwhich connects the first and second sentence? If this is a pronoun iwhat is it replaced In sentence 1? Nothing. And what replaces the pronoun her? Word " school»From the first sentence. We conclude: Communication with personal pronouns her.

In the third sentence of the pronouns three: they, some, mine. Only binds the pronoun with the second they are (\u003d Floors from the second sentence). Rest in no way with the words of the second sentence do not correlate and do not replace anything. Conclusion: The second sentence with the third links the pronoun they are.

What is the practical importance of understanding this method of communication? In which it is possible and you need to use pronouns instead of nouns, adjectives and numerals. To use, but not abuse, since the abundance of the words "he", "His", "their" sometimes leads to misunderstanding and confusion.

2. Institutes

Communication with the help of adverbs is a connection, the features of which depend on the value of adverbs.

To see such a connection, you need to know what adverb, which there are discharges in value.

Adcharations are immutable words that indicate a sign in action and belong to the verb.

As a means of communication, the adventures of the following values \u200b\u200bcan be used:

Time and space: below, on the left, near, at the beginning, has long beenand the like.

Examples of proposals: We started work. at first It was hard: I could not work in a team, there were no ideas. Later They dragged, felt their strength and even entered the excitement.note: Proposals 2 and 3 are associated with Proposition 1 with the help of the specified adverbs. This type of communication is called parallel tie.

We climbed to the top of the mountain. Around We were only the tops of the trees. Nearby Clouds sailed with us. A similar example of parallel communications: 2 and 3 are associated with 1 with the help of the specified adverbs.

Indicative adverbs. (They are sometimes called them locomotive adverbssince they do not call how or where the action occurs, but only point to it): there, there, there, then, from there, because and the like.

Examples of proposals: Last summer I rested in one of the sanatoriums of Belarus. From there It was almost impossible to call, not to mention working on the Internet.The adverb "from there" replaces the whole phrase.

Life has flowed as a guy: I learned, my mother worked with her father, the sister married and left her husband. So Three years have passed. The adverb "so" summarizes the entire content of the previous offer.

It is possible to use I. other digits of adverch, for example, negative: in school and university I did not have a relationship with the peers. Yes I. nIGHT did not fold; However, I didn't suffer from it, I had a family, there were brothers, they replaced me friends.

3. Soyuz

Communication with the help of unions is the most common type of communication, thanks to which various relationships associated with the meaning of the Union arise between proposals.

Communication with writing unions: but, and, but, also, or, however And others. The task may indicate the type of union, and may not be specified. Therefore, we should repeat the material about the unions.

In detail about writing alliances told in a special section

Examples of proposals: By the end of the weekend, we are incredibly tired. But The mood was awesome! Communication with the help of the opposing union "but".

So it was always ... Or It seemed to me that. Sound with the separation union "or".

We draw attention to the fact that very rarely one union is involved in the formation of communication: as a rule, lexical means of communication are simultaneously used.

Communication with the help of verification unions: for so. A very atypical case, since the verification unions associate proposals in the composition of complex. In our opinion, with such a connection, the intentional rupture of the structure of a complex proposal takes place.

Examples of proposals: I was in complete despair ... For I did not know what to do where to go and, most importantly, to whom to seek help.Union for matters because, because, indicates the cause of the condition of the hero.

I have not passed the exams, I did not accept the institute, I could not ask for help from my parents and would not do that. So that One remained: to find a job. Union "So" has the meaning of the investigation.

4. Particles

Communication with particles Always accompany other types of communication.

Particles after all, and only, here, won, only, even Additional shades contribute.

Examples of proposals: Call your parents, talk to them. After all It's so simple and at the same time difficult to love ...

Everything in the house has already slept. AND only Grandma quietly mumbled: she always read prayers before bedtime, leaving the best strategies for us.

After leaving the husband, it became empty on the soul and desert in the house. Even A cat, usually worn by a meteor around the apartment, only sleepily yaws and everything strives to get to my hands. Here At whose hands would rely on me ...Please note the binding particles are at the beginning of the offer.

5. Forms Word

Communication with the word form is that the same word is used in a number of proposals

• if this noun - number and case
• if a adjective - Rode, number and case
• if a proponation - Rode, including Depending on the discharge
• if a verb in the face (childbirth), number, time

Verbs and communion, verbs and verbalism are considered different words.

Examples of proposals: Noise Gradually increased. From this increasing noise It was not in itself.

I was familiar with my son captain. With himself captain Fate did not reduce me, but I knew that this is only a matter of time.

note: The task may be written "forms of the word", and then it is one word in different forms;

"Forms of words" - and these are already two words that are repeated in neighboring proposals.

In the difference in the forms of the word and the lexical repeat, there is a special complexity.

Information for the teacher.

Consider as a sample the most difficult task of the real ege 2016. Create a completely fragment published on the FII website in "Methodical instructions for teachers (2016)"

The difficulties of examined when performing the task 23 caused cases when the condition of the task required the differences in the form of the word and the lexical repeat as a means of communication of proposals in the text. In these cases, when analyzing the language material, it should be paid to the student that lexical repetition involves repeating a lexical unit with a special stylistic task.

We present the condition of task 23 and a fragment of the text of one of the EGE 2016 options:

"Among the offers 8-18, find such that is connected with the previous one with the help of lexical repeat. Write the number of this offer. "

Below is the beginning of the text given for analysis.

- (7) Which artist's artist, when you don't love the land, eccupas!

(8) Maybe therefore Berg and did not manage to landscapes. (9) He preferred a portrait, poster. (10) He tried to find the style of his time, but these attempts were full of failures and ambiguities.

(11) Once Berg received a letter from the artist Yarteva. (12) He called him to come to the Murom Forest, where he spent the summer.

(13) August stood hot and windless. (14) The Yartsev lived far from a deserted station, in the forest, on the shore of a deep lake with black water. (15) He removed the hut at the forester. (16) Berg's veins on the lake Son Festnik Vanya Zotov, a sutured and shy boy. (17) Lake Berg lived for about a month. (18) He was not going to work and did not take with him oil paints.

Proposal 15 is associated with Proposition 14 with personal pronouns "is he" (Yartsev).

Proposition 16 is associated with Proposition 15 with forms of words "forester": Proposed-case-based verbid-driven verb, and freely impeded forms controlled by the name nouns. These wordforms express different meanings: the value object and the value of the belonging, and the use of the considered wordform is not stylistic load.

Proposition 17 is associated with Proposition 16 with forms of words ("On the lake - on the lake"; "Berg - Berg").

Offer 18 is associated with the previous one with personal pronouns "he" (Berg).

The right answer in the task 23 of this option is 10. It is the text of the text that is connected with the previous one (proposal 9) with lexical repeat (word "he").

It should be noted that among the authors of various benefits there is no consensus, What to consider lexical repeat - the same word in different cases (persons, numbers) or in the same one. Authors of the Books of the National Education Publishing House, "Exam", "Legion" (authors of Tsybulko I.P., Vasilievy I.P., Gostev Yu.N., Senina N.A.) Do not lead a single example in which words In various forms, considered a lexical repeat.

At the same time, very difficult cases in which words standing in different cases coincide in the form are considered in the manuals in different ways. The author of the books of Senina N.a sees in this form of the word. I.P. Tsybulko (based on the book 2017) sees lexical repeat. So, in the suggestions of the type I saw the sea in a dream. The sea called me The word "sea" is different cases, but at the same time there is no doubt that the most stylistic task of which writes I.P. Tsybulko. Without deepening in the linguistic solution of this issue, we denote the position of Svezhegé and give recommendations.

1. Everything is clearly not coinciding forms - these are the forms of the word, not a lexical repetition. Please note that we are talking about the same language phenomenon as in the task 24. And in 24 lexical repetitions are only repeated words, in the same forms.

2. There will be no coinciding forms in the tasks on the decision: if the linguistic specialists themselves cannot figure it out, then the school graduates are not under power.

3. If tasks with similar difficulties fall on the exam, we look at those additional communication tools that will help determine the choice. After all, the compilers of kimov can be their own opinion. Unfortunately, so maybe.

23.3 Syntaxcuts.

Introductory words

Communication with the help of introductory words accompanies, complements any other connection, complementing the shades of the values \u200b\u200bcharacteristic of the introductory words.

Of course, you need to know which words are introductory.

He was hired. UnfortunatelyAnton was too ambitious. One side, Companies needed such personalities, on the other - he did not inferlude anyone and nothing if something was, as he said, below his level.

We give examples of the definition of communication tools in a small text.

(1) We met with Masha a few months ago. (2) My parents have not yet seen it, but did not insist on acquaintance. (3) It seemed that she also did not strive for rapprochement that I was somewhat stolen.

We define how proposals are associated in this text.

Proposition 2 is associated with Proposition 1 with personal pronouns herwhich replaces the name Masha In sentence 1.

Proposal 3 is associated with Proposition 2 with the help of the word forms she her: "She" is the form of a nominative case, "her" is a form of a genitive case.

In addition, Proposition 3 has other means of communication: this is a union also, Introductory Word it seemed, rows of synonymous structures did not insist on acquaintance and did not strive for rapprochement.

Read the Review Fragment. It addresses the language features of the text. Some terms used in the reviews are missed. Insert the numbers to the points of the passes corresponding to the term number from the list.

"The text is analyzed by a problem that exciting people over the centuries. To express your understanding of love and tenderness, the author uses the reception - (a) _________ (sentences 2, 3 - 4, 5) and the syntax - (b) _________ (in sentences 1, 9). Create an image of a gentle wife the writer helps the trail - (c) _________

("Anxious and happy eyes" in Proposition 30) and the syntactic agent - (d) _________ ("as a trepidate bird" in Proposition 29). "

List of terms:

1) conversational words

2) rhetorical issues

3) Rows of homogeneous members of the sentence

4) Parcelation

5) Comparative turnover

6) opposition

9) phraseological units

Write the numbers in response by placing them in order corresponding to the letters:

A.	B.	IN	G.

Explanation (see also a rule below).

"The text is analyzed by a problem that exciting people over the centuries. To express their understanding of love and tenderness, the author uses the reception (A - 6) contrast (in Proposition 2 and 3 love-passion is opposed to sentences 4 and 5 love-tenderness) and the syntactic agent (B - 3) of the rows of homogeneous members (in sentences nineteen). Create an image of a gentle wife to the writer helps the trop (in - 7) epithet ("anxious and happy eyes" in sentence 30) and a syntactic agent (G - 5) Comparative turnover ("like a trepidate bird" in Proposition 29). "

Answer: 6, 3, 7, 5.

Answer: 6375.

Source: Ege - 2015. Armchair Wave

Rule: Task 26. Language Means of Expressiveness

Analysis of the means of expressiveness.

The purpose of the task is to determine the means of expressiveness used in the review by establishing conformity between the passes indicated by letters in the text of the review, and the figures with definitions. You need to write compliance only in the order in which letters go in the text. If you do not know what is hidden under a given letter, you need to put "0" at the place of this figure. For the task you can get from 1 to 4 points.

When executing a task 26, it should be remembered that you fill out the place of passage in the reviews, i.e. restore the text, and with it and semantic, and grammatical communication. Therefore, an additional tip is often an analysis of the review itself: various adjectives in one way or another, consistent with the missions, etc. It will make it easier to perform the task and separation of the list of terms into two groups: the first includes terms based on the word value, the second is the structure of the sentence. This division you can spend, knowing that all means are divided into two large groups: lexical (non-soccer) and trails are included in the first; In the second figures of speech (some of them are called syntax).

26.1 Trop-word or expression used in a figurative value for creating an artistic image and achieving greater expressiveness. The paths include such techniques like epithet, comparison, personification, metaphor, methonymy, sometimes include hyperboles and lithotics.

Note: In the task, as a rule, it is indicated that these are trails.

In the review, examples of paths are indicated in brackets as phrase.

1.Epithet (In Per. with Greek. - Appendix, Administration) - This is a figurative definition that marks an essential line for this context in the depicted phenomenon. From simple definition, epithet is distinguished by artistic expressiveness and imagery. The epithet is based on a hidden comparison.

The epithets include all the "colorful" definitions that are most often expressed. adclusive:

sadright Earth (F.I. Tyutchev), gray fog, lemon light, dumb peace (I. A. Bunin).

Epitts may also be expressed:

-nounsacting as applications or fagging, which give a figurative characteristic of the subject: wizard-winter; Mother - Cheese Earth; The poet is a Lira, not just a nanny of his soul (M. Gorky);

-naschayiaacting in the role of circumstances: in the north the wild alone... (m. Y. Lermontov); Leaves were tense extended in the wind (K. G. Powesty);

-tempecisia: Waves carry radia and sparkling;

-pronounsexpressing the excellent degree of one or another state of the human soul:

After all, there were battle fights, yes, they say what kind! (M. Yu. Lermontov);

-communion and involved turns: Nightinglers of the word rinse Study limits (B. L. Pasternak); I also admit the appearance ... borzopisters who cannot prove where they spent the night yesterday, and who do not have other words in the language, except for words, do not remember kinship (M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin).

2. Comparison - This is an embracing reception based on a comparison of one phenomenon or concept with another. In contrast to the metaphor, the comparison is always twisted: it is called both compaable items (phenomena, feature, actions).

Aules are burning, they have no protection.

The enemy of the Sons of the Fatherland is broken,

And glow as an eternal meteor,

Playing in the clouds, scares out. (M. Yu. Lermontov)

Comparisons are expressed in various ways:

Form of the cooling case of nouns:

Solovia flying youth flew

Wave In bad weather, the joy of washed (A. V. Koltsov)

Form of a comparative degree of adjective or adverb: these eyes greaterof our seas and cypresses darker (A. Akhmatova);

Comparative turns with alliances, as if, as if dr.:

As a predatory beast, in a humble abode

Winner breaks up with bayonets ... (M. Yu. Lermontov);

With the help of words similar, similar, it is:

On the eyes of a cautious cat

Similar Your eyes (A. Akhmatova);

With the help of comparative appendages:

Skilled foliage golden

In pisosted water on the pond,

Exactly butterflies

With a slaughter flies on a star. (P. A. Yesenin)

3.Metafora (In Per. with Greek. - Transfer) is a word or expression that is used in a figurative value based on the similarity of two items or phenomena on any sign. In contrast to the comparison, which provides something that is compared, and what is compared with, the metaphor contains only the second, which creates the compactness and image formation of the word. The metaphor may be based on the similarity of objects in form, color, volume, appointment, sensations, etc.: waterfall stars, avalanche letters, wall of fire, abyss of grief, pearl of poetry, spark of loveand etc.

All metaphors are divided into two groups:

1) general language ("Erased"): golden hands, storm in a glass of water, mountains to wait, the strings of the soul, love faded;

2) artistic (Individually author, poetic):

And flashes stars diamond Treps

IN warmable cold Dawn (M. Voloshin);

Empty heavens Transparent glass (A. Akhmatova);

AND blue eyes, bottomless

Flowers on the far shore. (A. A. Blok)

Metaphor is there not only single: It can develop in the text, forming entire chains of figurative expressions, in many cases - to cover, as if to permeate the entire text. it deployed, complex metaphor, whole artistic image.

4. Elimination - This is a kind of metaphor based on the transfer of signs of a living being on the phenomena of nature, objects and concepts. Most often personification are used in the description of nature:

Roll through the sleepy valleys, the fogs are sleepy, And only the horsepone is, sound, is lost away. Forecast, pale, day autumn, rolling out fragrant sheets, fenced sleep without dreams half-fell flowers. (M. Yu. Lermontov)

5. Metonimia (In the lane. with Greek - rename) is the transfer of the name from one item to another on the basis of their adjacency. Sitness can be a manifestation of communication:

Between the action and the action instrument: their villages and Niva for a violent raid Obstructed he swords and fires (A. S. Pushkin);

Between the subject and material from which the subject is made: ... not on silver, - I used on gold (A. S. Griboedov);

Between the place and people located in this place: The city of Nois, Flags crack, wet roses flew out of the bowls of flowers ... (Yu. K. Olesha)

6. Synekdokha (in the lane. with Greek. - Calculation) is metonimia varietybased on the transfer of the value from one phenomenon to another on the basis of a quantitative relationship between them. Most often transfer occurs:

With a smaller to more: it does not fly to it and the bird, and the tiger is neither ... (A. S. Pushkin);

From the part to the unit: Beard, what are you all silent? (A. P. Chekhov)

7. Periprase, or perifrasis(In Per. with Greek. - Descriptive expression) - this is a turnover that is used instead of any word or phrase. For example, Petersburg in verse

A. S. Pushkin - "Peter Creation", "Full Krasa and Divo" countries, "Grad Petrov"; A. A. Blok in verses M. I. Tsvetaeva - "Knight without ukrizna", "Blue-eyed snow singer", "Snow Swan", "Almighty of my soul".

8.Gypebol (in the lane. with Greek. - Exaggeration) is a figurative expression that contains an exorbitant exaggeration of any sign, phenomena, actions: A rare bird will take up to the middle of the Dnieper (N. V. Gogol)

And at the same minute the streets couriers, couriers, couriers ... can imagine thirty-five thousandsome couriers! (N.V. Gogol).

9. Lithota(In the lane. with Greek. - Major, moderation) is a figurative expression, which contains an exorbitant accumulation of any sign, phenomena, actions: What kind of tinybugs! There is right less pin head.(I. A. Krylov)

And the marching thing is important, in calm the fucking, the horse leads a peasant in large boots, in a serve sheepskin, in large mittens ... and myself with marigolds! (N.A. Nekrasov)

10. Ironya (In the lane. with Greek. - pretense) is the use of words or statements in the sense opposite to the direct. The irony is a type of allegory, in which a mockery is hidden for an externally positive assessment: Roll off, smart, you wander your head? (I. A. Krylov)

26.2 "non-soccer" lexical fine-expressive language

Note: The tasks are sometimes indicated that this is a lexic. Usually in the review of the task 24, an example of a lexical means is given in brackets or in a word or a phrase, in which one of the words is allocated in it internally. Please note: it is these means most often necessary find in the task 22!

11. Synonyms, i.e., the words of one part of speech, various sounds, but the same or close to lexical meaning and different from each other or shades of value, or stylistic coloring ( brave-resistant, run - rush, eyes (neutr.) - oph. (Poet.)), have great expressive strength.

Synonyms can be contextual.

12. Antonyms, i.e. the words of the same part of the speech opposite to the value ( truth - lie, good - evil, disgusting - wonderful), also have great expressive opportunities.

Antonyms can be contextual, i.e. becomes antonyms only in this context.

Fallen happens good or evil,

Donodol or merciless,

Fallen happens clever and inconvenient

Prudent and reckless

Refining and irreparable.

13. Phraseology as a language of language expressiveness

Phraseologisms (phraseological expressions, idioms), i.e., reproducible in the finished form of phrases and suggestions, in which holistic importance dominates the values \u200b\u200bof their components of their components and is not the simple amount of such values \u200b\u200b( get to come to be in the seventh heaven, apple contention), have great expressive opportunities. The expressiveness of phraseological units is determined by:

1) their bright imagery, including mythological ( the cat is cut as a squirrel in the wheel, the thread of the Ariadnes, the Damocles of the Sword, Achilles Fif);

2) related to many of them: a) to the discharge of high ( voice blatant in the desert, go into the fly) or reduced (conversational, spurated: like a fish in water, nor sleeping in the Spirit, led behind the nose, wash the neck, cheer your ears); b) to the category of language means with positive emotional expressive coloring ( store as a zenitis of an eye.) or with negative emotional expressive coloring (without the king in the head is disinforced., Small Tshaka - neglect., Groš the price is a contempora.).

14. Stylist painted vocabulary

To enhance expressiveness in the text, all discharges of stylistic painted vocabulary can be used:

1) emotional-expressive (estimated) vocabulary, including:

a) words with a positive emotional expressive assessment: solemn, sublime (including old elements): inspiration, coming, fatherland, aspiration, intractable, unshakable; Elevative and poetic: serene, radiant, spell, azure; approving: noble, outstanding, amazing, brave; Lasted: Sun, Blue, Daughter

b) words with a negative emotional expressive assessment: disapproving: snow, transbry, Ocolesitsa; disgusting: looking out, dellaga; Cruise: balbes, Zubril, Script; Flash /

2) Functional and stylistic painted vocabulary, including:

a) Books: Scientific (terms: alliteration, cosine, interference); Official business: below submitted, report; Publicistic: report, Interview; Art and poetic: azure, eyes, lounges

b) Spoken (everyday-household): dad, boy, Bushroom, Healthy

15. Vocabulary of limited use

To enhance expressiveness in the text, all levels of vocabulary of limited use can also be used, including:

Dialectic vocabulary (words that are used by residents of any locality: komochet - Rooster, Vixture - Squirrel);

The vocabulary is spacious (words with a pronounced reduced stylistic coloring: familiar, coarse, dismissive, fill, located on the border or outside the literary norm: Holodranets, Zabuldiga, Slashchina, Trepach);

Professional vocabulary (words that are used in professional speech and are not included in the system of an overhangistric language: kambuz - in the speech of sailors, duck - in the speech of journalists, the window - in the speech of teachers);

Lexik Zagonnaya (words peculiar to jargon - youth: tusovka, frills, cool; Computer: brains - Computer Memory, Klava - Keyboard; Soldier: demob, Shpak, Perfume; Jargon criminals: brother, Malina);

Lexics Outdated (historians - words that came out of use due to the disappearance of the objects or phenomena denoted by them: boyar, oprichnina, horse; Archaisms - outdated words, calling objects and concepts for which new names appeared in the language: chelo - forehead, sail - sail); - The vocabulary is new (neologisms - words recently included in the language and not lost their novelty: blog, slogan, teenager).

26.3 Figures (rhetorical figures, stylistic figures, speech figures) are stylistic techniques based on special combinations of words emerging beyond the usual practical use, and aimed at strengthening expressiveness and images of text. The main figures of speech include: rhetorical question, rhetorical exclamation, rhetorical appeal, repeat, syntactic parallelism, multi-joint, nonsense, ellipsis, inversion, parcel, antithesis, gradation, oxymoron. Unlike lexical means, this is the level of proposal or several offers.

Note: There is no clear format for the definition specifying these tools: they are called both syntactic agents, and when they are simply expressive, and the figure.In a task 24, the number of suggestions is indicated on the speech figure, this in brackets.

16.Rtoric question - This is a figure in which the form of the question contains a statement. The rhetorical question does not require an answer, it is used to strengthen emotionality, expressiveness of speech, attract the attention of the reader to one or another phenomenon:

Why did he give the hand to the slanders of insignificant, why did he believe the words and caressing false, he, who had fledged people from the young age?.. (M. Yu. Lermontov);

17.Rtoric exclamation - This is a figure in which the exclamation form contains a statement. Rhetorical exclamations enhance the expression of certain feelings; They usually differ not only for special emotionality, but also solemnity and raise:

It was in the morning of our years - About happiness! About tears! About the forest! About life! About the sun light! About fresh birch spirit. (A. K. Tolstoy);

Alas!before the rule of stranger, a proud country bent. (M. Yu. Lermontov)

18.Rtoric appeal - This is a stylistic figure consisting in an underlined appeal to someone or something to enhance the expressiveness of speech. It serves not so much for the name of the addressee of speech, how much to express the relationship to what is said in the text. Rhetorical appeals can create solemnity and pathetics of speech, express joy, regret and other shades of mood and emotional state:

My friends! Our union is beautiful. He, as a soul, outstanding and eternal (A. S. Pushkin);

Oh, deep night! Oh cold autumn!Dare! (K. D. Balmont)

19.Ver (positional and lexical repeat, lexical replay) - This is a stylistic figure, consisting in repetition of any member of the sentence (words), part of the proposal or a complete proposal, several proposals, stanzas in order to attract special attention to them.

Repeat varieties are anaphor, epiphara and pickup.

Anaphora(In the lane. with Greek - climbing, lifting), or unity, is the repetition of the word or group of words at the beginning of rows, storage or proposals:

Lazilyblowing noon Millish,

Lazily River rolls.

And in solid firm and clean

Lazily melting clouds (F. I. Tyutchev);

Epiphora (in Per. with Greek. - Additive, final offer of the period) is the repetition of words or a group of words at the end of rows, storage or proposals:

Although there is no man,

What is forever - Human.

What is the day il

Before infinite?

Although there is no man,

What is forever - human (A. A. Fet);

Gave them loaf of light bread - joy!

Today the film is good in the club - joy!

Paust two-volume in the bookstore brought joy! (A. I. Solzhenitsyn)

Picking - This is the repeat of any segment of speech (suggestions, poetic string) at the beginning of the corresponding speech segment following it:

He fell on cold snow

On cold snow, as if pine

As if the pine in the cheese Bor (M. Yu. Lermontov);

20. Parallelism (syntactic parallelism) (In the lane. With Greek. - Going next) - identical or similar construction of related texts of the text: nearby offers, poetic lines, stroke, which, correlated, create a single image:

I look for futureness with fear,

I look at the past with a longing ... (M. Yu. Lermontov);

I was a ringing string,

I was a blooming spring,

But you did not want colors,

And you did not hear words? (K. D. Balmont)

Often using antithesis: What is looking for in the country far? What threw him in the edge of his native?(M. Lermontov); Not a country - for business, and business for the country (from the newspaper).

21. Inversion (in Per. with Greek. - Rearrangement, turning) is a change in the usual order of words in a sentence in order to underline the semantic significance of any element of the text (words, suggestions), giving the phrase of a special stylistic painting: solemn, high sound, or, on the contrary, Conversational, somewhat reduced characteristics. The following combinations are considered invered in Russian:

The agreed definition is standing after the word determined: I sit behind bars in doktnica raw (M. Yu. Lermontov); But did not run a zyby on this sea; Fine air did not flow: he was brew great thunderstorm (I. S. Turgenev);

Additions and circumstances expressed by nouns are facing the word to which: Overcoming hours (single hours of hours);

22.poxulation(In the lane. with Franz. - Particle) - Stylistic reception, consisting in the dismemberment of the unified syntactic structure of a proposal for several intonational-semantic units - phrases. At the site of dismemberment of the sentence, the point, exclamation and question marks, dots can be used. In the morning, bright, like a lubok. Scary. Long. Ratish. The rifle regiment was broken. Our. In battle unequal(R. Christmas); Why no one indignant? Education and Health! The most important areas of society's life! Not mentioned in this document in general(From newspapers); It is necessary that the state remembers the main thing: its citizens are not individuals. And people. (From newspapers)

23.Bessional and multi-joint - Syntactic figures based on intentional pass, or, on the contrary, conscious repetition of unions. In the first case, when omitting unionsThe speech becomes compressed, compact, dynamic. The pictures and events here are quickly, instantly deployed, replace each other:

Swede, Russian - Kolts, Rubit, cuts.

Fight drum, clicks, grinding.

Thunder cannons, Topot, Rzhanye, moan,

And death and hell on all sides. (A.S. Pushkin)

When multi-eyedwe are talking, on the contrary, slows down, pauses and the repeated union allocate words expressingly emphasizing their semantic significance:

But and grandson, and greatly and PRAINTOR

Grow in me while I am a rastic itself ... (P.G. Anticoline)

24.Teriod- Long, polynomial proposal or a strongly common simple sentence, which is distinguished by the completeness, unity of the topic and the intonational disintegration into two parts. In the first part, the syntactic repeat of the same type of apparent (or members of the sentence) comes with increasing increase in intonation, then the separating significant pause, and in the second part, where the conclusion is given, the voice tone is noticeably decreased. Such an intonation design forms a kind of circle:

Whenever the life of a homemade circle I wanted to limit, / when I have been my father, my spouse has commanded a pleasant lot, / when I spoiled a family picture, at least a mig one, then, rightfully, besides you, I did not seek one bride. (A.S. Pushkin)

25.Antithesis, or opposition (in the lane. with Greek. - Control) is a turnover, in which opposite concepts, positions, images are abruptly opposed. Antonyms are usually used to create antithesis - general-language and contextual:

You are rich, I am very poor, you are a prose, I am a poet(A. S. Pushkin);

Yesterday I looked in my eyes,

And now - everything mows to the side,

Yesterday, I was sitting before the birds

All the larks are now crows!

I am stupid, and you are a smart

Live, and I am dumbfounded.

About the cry of women of all time:

"My cute, what did I do you?" (M. I. Tsvetaeva)

26.Gradation (in trans. with lat. - gradual increase, strengthening) - a reception consisting in the consistent arrangement of words, expressions, trails (epithets, metaphor, comparisons) in the order of amplification (ascending) or attenuation (decrease) of a sign. Rising gradation Usually used to enhance image, emotional expressiveness and influencing text:

I called you, but you did not look back, I am a lean, but you didn't down (A. A. Blok);

Glowed, burned, shinedhuge blue eyes. (V. A. Soloohin)

Downward graduation Used less often and is usually used to enhance the semantic content of text and creating imagery:

He brought the mortal resin

Yes, branch with faded sheets. (A. S. Pushkin)

27.Ost. (in the lane. with Greek - witty-stupid) is a stylistic figure in which commonly incompatible concepts are connected, as a rule, contrary to each other ( bitter joy, ringing silenceetc.); It turns out a new meaning, and it acquires special expressiveness: with that hour began for Ilya sweet torment, Lightly puzzling soul (I. S. Shmelev);

there is merry meadow in the Alosti Dawn (S. A. Yesenin);

But beauty of them ugly I will soon have a mysteriousness. (M. Yu. Lermontov)

28. Allegory - Allegory, transfer of an abstract concept through a specific image: Must defeat foxes and wolves (trick, malice, greed).

29.Mull - The intentional breaking of the statement, transmitting the excitedness of speech and assumed that the reader guess unspoken: but I wanted ... perhaps you ...

In addition to the above syntactic means of expressiveness in tests, the following are found:

-exclamation proposals;

- dialogue, hidden dialogue;

-question-response formation Such a form of presentation at which questions alternate and answers to questions;

-rows of homogeneous members;

-citation;

-introductory words and designs

-Incomplete sentences - Proposals in which any member needed for completeness of the structure and values \u200b\u200bare missing. Missing sentences can be restored and context.

Tatyana Statsenko

And in the second and not we are looking for homogeneous members: the task shows proposals 1 and 9, and not 1 and 2.

(1) Tenderness is the most meek, timid, divine Lick of Love. (2) Love-Passion - always with a loaf by yourself. (3) She wants to conquer, seduce, she wants to like, she hurts, pumped up, Merit, all the time is afraid to miss lost. (4) Love-tenderness gives everything, and there is no limit. (5) And she never looks around, because "not looking for their". (6) Only it is alone and is not looking for. (7) But it is not necessary to think that the sense of tenderness lies with a person. (8) On the contrary. (9) Tenderness goes from above, she cares about her beloved, guarded, takes it. (10) But only a defenseless creature, in need of care, can be patronated and guarded, so the words of tenderness are the words of diminutive, coming from strong to weak.

(11) Tenderness is rare and more and less. (12) Modern life is difficult and difficult. (13) A modern person and in love seeks primarily to approve his identity. (14) Love is martial arts.

- (15) Yeah! (16) Love? (17) Well, okay. (18) Sleeves shoved, straightened their shoulders - well, who?

(19) Does the tenderness of it here? (20) And whom to take care of who sorry - all the well done and heroes. (21) Who has known tenderness - it is noted.

(22) In the representation of many, tenderness is drawn by necessarily in the form of a meek of a woman leaning toward the head of the head. (23) No, not there you need to look for tenderness. (24) I saw it differently: in the guys not at all poetic, in ordinary, even funny.

(25) We lived in a sanatorium near Paris. (26) Walked, ate, listened to the radio, played Bridge, gossiped. (27) The real patient was only one - angering old man who corrected from typhus.

(28) The old man was often sitting on the terrace in a chaise lounge, covered with pillows, wrapped in plaids, pale, bearded, was always silent and, if anyone passed by, turned away and closed his eyes. (29) Around the old man, like a stray bird, his wife rushes. (30) Unclear Woman, Dry, Light, with a faded face and anxiously happy eyes. (31) And never sitting calmly. (32) All something corrected near his patient. (33) I turned the newspaper, it was whipped the pillow, then pushed the plaid, then you fled to warm my milk, then the medicine dripped. (34) All these services older accepted with obvious disgust. (35) Every morning with a newspaper in his hands, she was rushed from the table to the table, brushed with everyone talked and asked:

Here, maybe you will help me? (36) Here is the crossword: "What happens in a residential building?". (37) Four letters. (38) I write down on a piece of paper to help Sergey Sergeevich. (39) He always solves the crossword puzzles, and, if it makes it difficult, I come to the rescue. (40) After all, this is its only entertainment. (41) Patients because as children. (42) I'm so glad that at least it amuses it.

(43) She spoiled and treated her with great sympathy.

(44) And somehow it is crawling on the terrace before usual. (45) She seated him for a long time, shelled his plaids, put the pillows. (46) He wrinkled and angrily pushed her hand, if she did not immediately guess his desire.

(47) She, happily hiding, grabbed the newspaper.

- (48) Here, Sergey, today, it seems, a very interesting crossword.

(49) He suddenly raised his head, rolled out angry yellow eyes and all shook.

- (50) Clean you finally to hell with your idiotic crosswords! - he missed himself.

(51) She turned pale and somehow sank.

- (52) But you're ... - she lured confusedly. - (53) After all, you always wondered ...

- (54) I have never been interested! "Everything was shaking and silen, with the animal enjoyment looking at her pale, desperate face." - (55) Never! (56) That you climbed with the persistence of degenerate, as you are!

(57) She answered nothing. (58) She only hardly swallowed the air, tightly pressed his arms to the chest and looked around with such pain and with such despair, precisely looking for help. (59) But who can take seriously to such funny and stupid grief? (60) Only a small boy who was sitting at the next table and sawing this scene, suddenly climbed and cried bitterly.

(according to N. A. TEFFI *)

* Nadezhda Aleksandrovna TEFFI (1872-1952) - Russian writer, poetess, memoirist and translator.

Text information

Problems	Position of the author
1. The problem of understanding love and tenderness (what is tenderness?)	Tenderness is one of the manifestations of the Lick Love. But this is the most meek and timid face, while love is more like martial arts.
2. The problem of attitudes towards a loving person (how can one person relate to a loving person to another person?)	Sometimes the attitude of a person to loving it can be expressed in selfish, rough and even consumer use.
3. The problem of delimitation of love-passion and love-tenderness (what is the difference of love-tenderness from love-passion?)	Unlike love-passion, which is always with a loaf by himself, love-tenderness, not looking for his, gives everything and there is no limit; She goes from above, cares about his beloved, guarded, takes him.
4. The problem of the disappearance of such a concept as tenderness (why in the modern world is less common to tenderness?)	A modern man seeks to adopt herself as a person. Tenderness is considered manifestation of weakness.