From how many parts is the oldest isergile. "Old West Ispergil": Production Genre

17.06.2021 Landscape garden design

The story of Staruha Izergil is studied by students in the 11th grade of high school.

For acquaintance with the plot, the main idea, the characters, the summary of the work is suitable below.

Maxim Gorky "Old West Ispergil" - the history of creation

Gorky's journey on Bessarabia in 1891 was not in vain, it was here that the author had an idea of \u200b\u200bthe story, who later supplemented the romantic cycle of the writer's works.

Maxim Gorky (1868-1936)

Gorky wanted to create text that would reflect all the inconsistency of the human being, the struggle in it is low life and hill.

4 years old Maxim Gorky worked on this idea, and in the end, in 1895, the story of the old woman Izergil was published. It was published in the Samara newspaper and immediately received enthusiastic readers.

Main characters and their characteristics

Let's look at the main actors:

Danko - Hero-Romantic, distinguished himself big and unrequited love for all mankind. The society did not understand him, did not realize his actions. Jesus Christ can be called the prototype of Danko, he also voluntarily donated to the sake of rescue people and died with a martyrdom. Danko realized that only he could save these "lost sheeps", to protect them from death. Gorky created his hero brave, fearless, disinterested warrior capable of any sacrifices for other people.
Larra - a beast man. He did not respect other people's norms of morality, ignored the traditions and principles, for which he paid. Larra challenged himself above the others and took what she did not belong to him. Gorky portrayed the hero proud, a cruel, selfish person, having a beautiful appearance, but an empty, stalk soul.
Old Isergil - A woman who is accustomed to listening to the voice of the heart, and not reason. Her all his life was driving a burning, not burdened by the concerns and moral principles of passion. However, love adventures did not bring the isergile success. She indifferently washing people, and could not know the true, real love. Her youth was bright, memorable, but at the same time empty and aimless. In the old age, Izergil remained alone, without a family. The old woman remained only to ironize, calling himself a "cuckoo", and regret the missed opportunities.

Minor characters

There are several of them and they are also important:

Fisherman with rod. - A beautiful young man, whom I loved Izergil at 15 years. He was executed for a crime. Before death, this tanned, flexible, young, gentle guy cried, not wanting to say goodbye to life.
Rich Turk "The old man who took the young heroine to himself in Harem." The Turk often prayed, and his pure eyes was able to penetrate directly into the soul.
Arkadak - Snayer, funny Magyar, who was able to conquer the main heroine. For the sake of him, she sacrificed himself, and then threw.

The retelling will help not only familiarize themselves with the work, but also remember the names of the heroes, the main events, the motives of actions, refresh the plot in memory.

Chapter 1

The narrator was sitting in the shade of a large tree and looked at the work of Moldovan. In the evening, they went to the sea, and the narrator sat down to the old woman Izergil. The shadow of floating clouds fell to the ground, and the old woman remembered the legend about Larre.

Sometime, a rich country with a powerful tribe flourished over the sea. People hunted and often drank. Once, their feast interrupted a powerful eagle, flew and picking up one of the girls with him.

All the tribe was looking for her, but they could not find. 20 years have passed, the girl suddenly returned when everyone had already forgotten about her.

The woman returned not alone, but with a beautiful, strong young man. It was her son, whom she gave birth from a mighty eagle. When the eagle was aged, became weak, weak, it rushed down from the cliff and crashed. The woman was able to return to his native tribe.

The glance of the young man, cold, angry and proud, did not like people. The guest did not accept other people's laws, did not read the elders, talked to them on equal. The tribe did not accept him and wanted to drive. Then the young man wanted to make his daughter of one of the elders, he hugged the girl, and she was afraid of anger of his father, pushed him off.

The proud Son of the Eagle was angry, hit the poor man and came to her chest. The girl died. People crowded around, they tied the sons of Eagle and began to invent him with a worthy punishment. But ordinary death was not enough. Then the old sage made a verdict: people will not punish the young man, he will punish himself with his egoism, indifference and pride.

The tribe let go of the Son of Eagle, and he began to wander around the world. The punishment was in himself the one, the young man of himself on the terrible flour of loneliness. It was nicknamed Larroy, which meant "rejected".

The young man became immortal, but lost the taste of life. Larra came once to the people and did not defend themselves when they attacked him. The feeling of loneliness was completely unbearable, and he wanted to die. However, people, realizing it, did not touch him, did not make facilitated the fate of Larra. Then the rejected began to beat his head about the Earth, but the Earth herself moved away from the young man, not wanting to accept him.

Until now, the proud Son of Eagle wanders on the ground, turning into a shadow. That's how a person was punished for his pride.

Chapter 2.

Moldovans began to sing. The narrator struck their beautiful singing, so only people who loved life could sing. The old woman is Izergil, too, listening to singing, remembered his youth.

When she was 15 years old, she fell in love with a local fisherman. In the afternoon, the girl worked, the fabric carpets, and drove to his beloved at night. But the fisherman who could only kiss and sing, soon tired of the wayward girl.

The old woman Izergil remembered about the Turk, who noticed the girl in the market and wanted to pick her up in his harem. But the heroine quickly bored in a harem and escaped from there with his son.

One woman wanted to take revenge on Ispergil for her husband and wounded her. A kind monastery cured the girl, put on his feet. And Izergil, recovered, escaped with her brother. She often endured resentment from her new lover, and during the next quarrel pushed him into the river.

When a girl lived in Krakow, she fell in love with a young gentry. Izergil seduced him, and the gentle began to seek the location of the girl. But, mastering it, he immediately threw her. At that moment, Izergil understood that he was aged.

Shlokhtich went to fight with Russian and was in captivity. Izergil wanted to see him. She risking himself, strangled the watch and released from the captivity of the shirt and his friends. Favorite wanted to thank her. However, Izergil wanted real feelings, not love because of gratitude. Woman pushed him and left.

Izergil began to create his family, the house, as it was already aged, lost his former beauty.

Having finished the story, the old woman saw the blue sparkles in the steppe. She told the author that it was a spark from the brave heart of brave Danko.

Chapter 3.

Very long ago, there lived a brave, cheerful people. The impassable forest wilderness surrounded him, and when new tribes came to this people, people had to hide in the depths of the forest. There they were surrounded by a swamp and frightening darkness.

The enemy tribe did not produce poor people from the ominous thickets. The cheerful people could not die, fighting for their home, because then their covenants would die together with them.

Danko, young, brave, handsome young man, decided to save everyone. He loved his people too much, so the heart snapped out of his breast and illuminated the path to people.

The brave brought them out of the ages, and when people saw the steppe, laughed, fell to the ground and died.

The ungrateful people, rejoice, did not notice this, and one person came on the still burning heart of Danko foot and crushed it. The heart crumbled and faded, only sparks remained from him, which still can be seen before the onset of darkness.

The old woman was silent, immersed in Drema. The steppe has become dark and quiet.

Analysis of the work of the "old woman isergil"

The genre of the work is a story, not a story, because it has three parts, interrelated.

The literary direction is romanticism, chanting an exceptional hero in unusual circumstances.

Why is the story called "old woman isergil"? Because the main heroine in him is the old woman Izergil, and it is she tells all three stories to the author. Legends reveal the fate of Izergil, her ideals and life position.

The heroine is partially similar to Larru, because highly appreciates freedom, and partly similar to Danko, because she showed herself as a brave woman.

In the original in the book only 20 pages, because you read it in the form that Maxim Gorky left behind.

Conclusion

How old was the old woman Izergil at the time of the meeting with the storytellor? It was an old 70-year-old woman who taught his age and did not fit anything other than heavy shipment of memories.

In his youth, Izergil was allocated beautiful appearance, they all adored, and she fell in love very often. The list of people in love with the girl in love includes rich, poor, old and young.

But, the delirium, the heroine realized that real love was passed by her, and everything she experienced was only a passion.

Criticly accepted this work, but contemporaries with admiration re-read the story of Gorky. The work presented in abbreviated form will help schoolchildren to master this material in a short time. Retelling can be written to the reader and use it in the lessons.

"Old woman isergil" refers to early period of Maxim Gorky, develops ideas and elements of romanticism. According to the writer himself, this work is one of the best among all written. What teaches us an old woman Izergil: analysis of the work.

In contact with

History of creation

In 1891 (more accurate date unknown), Alexey Peshkov Maxim Gorky, known for everyone under the pseudonym, wanders along the southern lands of Bessarabia. Spring he spends in search of impressions, which will subsequently affect his works. This creative time in the life of the writer displays his admiration for the personality, integrity and unity of man.

It is with such romantic thoughts that the story of Gorky "Old Man Izergil" is filled. His heroes are legendary people of their timeWho are faced with different life obstacles, the author brightly showed various results of the confrontation of the personality and the crowd. The main stories in the direction of romanticism are:

"Old Isergil",
"Girl and Death",
"Song about falcon."

There is no accurate information of the writing date of writing "Old women Izergil. The work was published in 1895, and it was written presumably in 1894th. It was placed in the three spring issues of the Samara newspaper. The author himself highly appreciated his story and even confessed in the letters A.P. Chekhov: "I can see, I will not write anything so slightly and beautifully, as the" old woman Izergil "wrote." The name is closely connected with the last name of the author, because it is one of those that brought him popularity.

The work of the "old woman Izergil" was presumably written in 1894.

Composition

The principle of building a story is very unusual. The composition consists of three parts.

Legend of Larre;
The history of the story of the storylors;
Legend of Danko.

Moreover, two of them are fairy tales told by the main heroine. From here implies such principle as story story. The author uses this reception, because he wants to make an emphasis not only on the person's personality, but on his stories living in the memory of the character and the people.

The main feature is contrasting legends in its sense. It is very difficult to determine the "oldest isergil" is a story or a story, since the boundaries of these genres are very blurred. However, literary crowns are inclined to the work is not a storySince the number of heroes and plot lines are limited here.

Through all three chapters "Staruhi Ispergil", the main topic is held - life values. The author is trying to find an answer to the question, which is the freedom and meaning of life. All chapters give a different interpretation and an attempt to explain the answers. But despite your dissimilarity, they make this story one and solid works.

In a plan for the story of the main character, the old women of Izergil should also add an entry, because it is in him the reader immersed in a mysterious seaside atmosphere and meets the story of fairy tales.

In the entry of the story, the youth of the main character of the man who leads conversation with an old woman, the old women of the Izergil and her fatigue from life are opposed to old years.

Present the image of the old woman against the background of the sea and the vineyards helps not only the description of its appearance, but also a creamy voice that she hold her life and legends, Carrying the reader with its attractiveness and fabulousness. What is the story of the old woman is Izergil?

Legend of Larre

The central figure of the first narration is pride and selfish - Youth Larra. Having a beautiful appearance, he was son of a simple woman and eagle. From the predatory bird of the young man got an indomitable temper and the desire to achieve any, by all means. Instincts deprive him of all human traits, only externally cannot be distinguished from other people. Inside this character fully rejected. The value for him is only he himself, the satisfaction of his pleasures is the purpose of his life. Therefore, the hero easily goes to murder.

His conviction in his perfection and naughty attitude to other lives lead to the fact that he deprived of ordinary human fate. For his egoism, he gets a terrible kara - Larra is doomed to eternal and complete loneliness. God gave him immortality, but it is impossible to call for nothing.

Name of the hero means "outcast". To be aside from people - here is the most terrible punishment that a person can incur, according to the author.

Attention!The principle of life of this hero "live without people for yourself."

Life of an old woman

In the second part of the story, you can trace the actions of the old women Izergil. Looking at her, a male storytellor is difficult to believe that once she was young and beautiful, as she constantly claims. On the life of Izergil much had to go through. Her beauty was gone, but wisdom came to replace. Women's speech is rich in aphoristic expressions. The main here is theme of love - This is a personal one, unlike the legends in mind, love is not a separate person, but to the people.

Acts old women it is impossible to call unambiguous, because Izergil lived, listening to his heart. She is ready to rescue the person from captivity, who loves, without having to kill the other at the same time. But, feeling false and insincerity, still, being a young girl, could proudly continue his lifestyle. Being at the end of life, she comes to the conclusion that beautiful and strong people are much smaller in the world than when it was full of energy.

Legend of Danko

The last tale, which a woman tells, helps the reader make a conclusion how to live correctly.

Danko - fabulous characterwho sacrificed himself in a terrible moment to save people. Despite the omnibration of others, he only felt love for every person. The meaning of his life is give the heart to others, serve in good.

Unfortunately, Gorky says in the story, people are not able to treat such a victim with its full understanding. Little of, many are afraid of such humiliation.

Everything that remains from Danko, who escaped his fiery heart from the chest, is only blue sparks. They still continue to flicker among people, but few people pay attention to them.

Important!Danko made his act free, solely for the sake of love. Danko and Larra - two opposites, but both the same feeling was moving.

What teaches the story of Gorky

The "old woman iszergil" shows the reader not only attitude towards the crowd of a separate personality, in this case danko and Larra are compared, but also the love of people to each other. For a writer - to live with people and for people - seems to be tremendous. However, even in this case, between them is possible the emergence of conflicts and misunderstanding.

Old Isergil. Maxim Gorky (analysis)

The features of romanticism in the story of Maxim Gorky "old woman Izergil"

Conclusion

After analyzing the work and heroes of the old workers of Izergil, the reader may come to the conclusion that in the story of Gorky, indeed, affected deep problems And questions related to life and others. They are forced to think about the main human values.

The story of Maxim Gorky "old woman Izergil" was written in 1894, and after a few months first came to print in the periodical edition of the Samara Gazeta. The first part was printed in No. 80 (dated April 16, 1895), the second - in №89 (from April 23, 1895), the third - in №95 (dated April 27, 1895).

The old woman isergil - the interlocutor of the author. The story begins with the narrative of an old woman about his life and men whom she once loved. Izergil is confident that life needs to be rejoiced, to receive pleasure from her with all possible ways. One of the main joys of life is love, not only an elevated, platonic, but, above all, the carnal. Without carnal pleasures, without the possibility of getting pleasure from the body of your beloved person, being loses its charm.

Legend of Larre

Suddenly, Izergil notices the dust pole on the horizon. It goes Larra. Then the old woman tells the terrible legend about the pride, who destroyed the desire to stand out from itself the like and disrespect for their neighbors.

History Gordeza

Larra's mother once kidnapped eagle. He covered the girl in his home. After some time, she returned to her relatives, bringing his son with him - half a person, half an eagle. The young man inherited the beauty of the mother and the pride of the Father. He considers himself better than everyone and dismissively refers to the eldest.

Larra tried to take possession of one of the girls, but she refused him, fearing displeasure to his father. Having angry, Larra killed unhappy. Fellow villagers wanted to execute the young man. However, the Kara is more terrible: Larra was cursed, becoming alive, nor dead.

People refused the pride and expelled him from their society. Left alone, Larra realized how much he was wrong. The young man wants to die, but he does not succeed. Since then, for many years, Larra wakes rumpled, turning into a shadow.

Alused strange sparks, Izergil says that this is all that remained from the blazing heart of Danko, a man who gave life for those who were his roads.

The tribe of Danko lived in the steppes of the centuries. But once the conquerors came and took their native land, having evicted Danko and his tribesmen to the forest. People can not return home, but also in the forest can not be left - too dangerous. The only way out is to go ahead. Over the forest is waiting for another steppe. Danko is called to become a conductor.

The road was unclean. People died in poisonous swamps, died from hunger, but continued to go ahead. In the end, the tribesmen lost faith in their conductor and that they would ever manage to get out of the impassable thickets. People decided to kill Danko. Not knowing what else they can help, Danko snatched the blazing heart from his chest and illuminated with its way to tribesmen. People again believed the conductor and again went after him. There are no difficulties less. The exhausted, tired wanderers still died, but faith no longer left their souls.

The survivors still managed to go into the steppe. Danko did not have to rejoice with the rest. He fell and died. No one noticed the death of the conductor. Only one of the tribesmen discovered the heart, which continued to glow near Danko, and crushed it, as if the fear of something. The heart went out, but the sparkle from it can be seen even now, many years after the events described.

Characteristics of characters

In the image of Larra, the author embodied all antichelovic qualities. The origin of the young man is not by chance: it has the appearance of a person, but his behavior is completely asocial. Eagle - proud, independent bird. It is these character traits who inherited Larra. Pride and independence cannot be called shortcomings. These qualities characterize the bold, self-confident personality, not fearing difficulties. Every person should know the price and not allow others to humiliate himself. Pride and independence become shortcomings, going beyond the personality.

Larra is trying to decline respect and admiration for fellow villagers, putting himself above the others. In his opinion, he found the easiest and right path to the honorable. The claims of a young man are not substantiated. He did nothing, for which he could love or just respect. Beauty is one of the few dignity of Larra. However, even the external appeal is gradually melting against the background of the deformity of the soul. Years later, the beautiful body of the eagle's son turned into dust, exposing the entity "rot".

The image of proud Larra is opposed in the story of the image of Danko. These heroes are in no way interconnected, but the author considers it necessary to mention them within the framework of one story. As a result, one character becomes a contrast for another.

Danko is a bold courageous man who has the same features of character as Larra: Proud and Independence. But unlike the son of the eagle, the best qualities of Danko do not cross the borders of his personality. He directs them not against his tribesmen, and they benefit. Danko offers people to show pride and independence towards the invaders of their homeland. No need to ask the occupiers about grace. It is necessary to find the empty land and thereby show its excellence. Danko becomes a conductor not because it is considered to be better than others. He sees the despair of his fellow tribesmen and takes care of them, realizing that at least one person who did not lose self-control and hope should remain.

The author is regretful mentions human ungratefulness. People were not grateful to their conductor on the way to happiness, despite the fact that Danko did everything for them, which was in his power. But this was not enough. Then the conductor gave the last thing he had his own heart, which became the only source of light in the most difficult journey days. Even after the new homeland was acquired, the tribesmen did not feel gratitude to their Savior. The death of the hero, who gave life to the for the universal good, was not seen. And one of the tribesmen simply destroyed the last thing left from the conductor.

Analysis of the work

Symbols in the story of the Staruha Ispergil cannot slip away from the attention of the reader. Burning heart Danko is a symbol of faith and hope for the best life. Even after the death of the main character, his heart continued to glow to people. The ungrateful feet that occurred to the light source could not destroy it. Sparks, remaining from the heart, did not disappear and did not go out. Similarly, good deeds did not disappear and do not come out, made those who fought for human happiness, to devote their lives.

People like Larre also leave a lot after themselves. Their heritage is as as well as asocial they themselves. Antigeroi, committed crimes against humanity, did not go into obscurity. They remember them, they curse many generations entering this world after their departure, who personally did not affect the vile acts of criminals. There was a unlimited memory about the Gord's Son of Eagle, the symbol of which was a dust post, which does not cause a good response in any human heart.

Maxim Gorky is famous for stood at the origins of social realism - the new art of the new country of the winning proletariat. However, this does not mean that he, like many of the Soviet propagandists, used literature for political purposes. His creativity is impregnated with touching romanticism: beautiful landscape sketches, strong and proud characters, rebellious and lonely heroes, sweet worship before the ideal. One of their most interesting works of the author is the story of the old woman Izergil.

The idea of \u200b\u200bthe story came to the author while traveling in South Bessarabia early in the early spring of 1891. The work entered the "romantic" cycle of the works of Gorky, dedicated to the analysis of original and controversial human nature, where the lowestness and elevation alternately struggle among themselves, and it is impossible to say for sure that it will be won. Perhaps the complexity of the question made the writer for a long time to think about him, because it is known that this idea was occupied by a writer for 4 years. The old woman Izergil was completed in 1895 and published in the Samara Gazeta.

Gorky himself was very interested in the work process and rejoiced the result. The work expressed his views on the purpose of man and his place in the system of public relations: "I can see, I will not write anything so slim and beautifully, as an old woman Izergil," he wrote in a letter to Chekhov. In the same place, he talked about the literary need to make life, make it brighter and more beautiful on the pages of books so that people heal in a new way and sought to high, heroic, elevated vocation. Apparently, this goal was pursued by a writer, writing his story about a selfless young man who saved his tribe.

Genre, Rod and Direction

Gorky started his literary path with stories, so the early work of the "old woman Izergil" belongs to this genre, which is characterized by a form of shape and a small number of actors. The genre features of parables are applicable to this book - a brief instructive story with a pronounced morality. So in the literary debuts of the writer, the reader easily detects an edifying tone and highly moral conclusion.

Of course, if we are talking about prosaic works, as in our case, the writer worked in line with the epic kind of literature. Of course, the rigging behalf of the narrative (in the stories of the bitter story, the heroes are conducted from the face, which frankly tell about their personal history) adds lyricity and poetic beauty to the story of the book, but it is impossible to call the old woman with lyrical creation, it belongs to Epos.

The direction, which worked as a writer, is called "Romanticism". Gorky wanted to push off the classic realism and give the reader an elevated, embezzlement, an exceptional world, to which reality could even even be angry. In his opinion, admiration from virtuous and beautiful heroes pushes people to become better, bolder, kinder. In this opposition of reality and ideal is the essence of romanticism.

Composition

The role of the composition is extremely great in Gorky's book. This is a story in the story: The elderly woman told the traveler three stories: the legend of Larre, the revelation of the life of Izergil, the legend of Danko. The first and third parts are opposed to each other. They are revealed against the contradiction between two different views on the world: Altruist (selfless good deed for the benefit of society) and selfish (actions for benefit of themselves without taking into account public needs and dogma of behavior). As in any parable, the legends are extremes and grotescas, so that Morality is understandable to everyone.

If these two fragments are fantastic and do not claim reliability, the link, which is located between them, has all the features of realism. In this strange structure and the features of the composition "Old Woman Izergil" composition. The second fragment is the story of the heroine about his frivolous, fruitless life, which passed as quickly as her beauty and youth left. This fragment immerses the reader in the harsh reality, where there is no time to make mistakes that Larra made, and made a storyteller herself. She spent her life on sensual pleasures, but did not find true love, as thoughlessly ordered himself and the proud Son of Eagle. Only Danko, killing in the color of the years, reached the purpose, the meaning of being, and was truly happy. Thus, the unusual composition itself pushes the reader to make the correct output.

What a story?

In the story of Maxim Gorky "Old Man Izergil" states how old Yuzhanka tells the traveler three stories, but he carefully watches her, complementing her words with his impressions. The essence of the work is that two concepts of life, two heroes are opposed to each other: Larra and Danko. A storyteller recalls the legends of those seats where she comes from.

In the first myth, we are talking about the cruel and arrogant Son of the Eagle and the abducted beauty - Larre. He returns to people, but despises their laws, killing the daughter of the elder for the refusal of his love. He is circumscribed on eternal exile, and God punishes his inability to die.
In the interval between the two histories, the heroine speaks about his failed life, full of love pregnancy. This fragment is the enumeration of the adventure of the isergile, which was once a fatal beauty. She ruthlessly treated fans, but when he loved herself, she was also rejected, although he painted the life for the sake of saving his beloved from captivity.
In the third legend of the old woman describes Danko, brave and dedicated leader, which brought people from the forest at the cost of their own life, pulling out the heart and refreshing them to them. Although the tribe did not support his aspirations, he was able to save him, but no one appreciated his feat, and the sparks of the burning heart were flooded "just in case."

Main characters and their characteristics

Image of Danko - Romantic hero, as he was much higher than society, was not understood, but Gord is aware of the fact that he managed to rise on a routine bustle of life. Many, it is associated with the image of Christ - the same martyrdom for the sake of people. He also felt his responsibility and was not angry with crucial and misunderstanding. He understood that people would not cope without him and perished. Love for them made him strong and almighty. Pretty inhuman flour, the mission led his flock to the light, happiness and a new life. This is a sample to imitate any of us. Everyone can do much more by putting a good goal to help, and not get caught or deceive. Virtue, active love and participation in the fate of the world - here is the true meaning of life for morally pure man, as Gorky believes.
Larry image It serves as a warning: it is impossible to ignore the interests of others and come to someone else's monastery with their charter. It is necessary to honor the traditions and morals adopted in society. This respect is the key to the world around and the world in the shower. Larra was a egoist and paid for the pride and cruelty eternal loneliness and eternal exile. No matter how strong and beautiful he was, nor something, no other quality helped him. He begged about death, and people only raised him on laughter. No one wanted to facilitate him wear, as he did not want, when he came to society. It is no coincidence that the author emphasizes that Larra is not a man, he, rather, the beast, a savage, who is alien to civilization and a reasonable, humane world order.
Old Isergil - Passionate and temperamental woman, she got used to surrender whenever it gave, without burdening himself with concerns and moral principles. All his life she spent on love adventures, attributed to people indifferently and was dismissed them, but the real strong feeling passed by her. For the sake of salvation of the beloved, she went to murder and loyal destruction, but he answered her the promise of love in gratitude for liberation. Then, from pride, she drove him, because she did not want to oblige anyone. Such a biography characterizes the heroine, as a strong, bold and independent person. However, her fate has developed aimlessly and empty, in old age she lacked his family nest, so she ironically called himself "cuckoo."

Subject

The topic of the story of the story of Staruha Ishergil, which has a wide range of issues affected by the author of questions is observed and interesting.

Theme of freedom. All three heroes are independent of society in their own way. Danko drives the tribe forward, not paying attention to his discontent. He knows that his behavior will bring freedom to all these people who are now, due to their limitations, do not understand his design. Liberation and naughty attitude towards others allowed himself the Izergil, and in this insane carnival of passions, the essence of freedom, acquiring a duty, vulgar form instead of a pure and light gust. In the case of Larra, the reader sees permissiveness, which violates the freedom of other people, so loses its value even for its owner. Gorky, of course, on the side of Danko and the independence, which allows the personality to go beyond the stereotypical thinking and lead the crowd.
Theme of love. Danko possessed a big and loving heart, but he felt attachment not to a specific person, but to the whole world. For love for him, he donated himself. Larra was full of selflessness, so he could not really feel strong feelings towards people. He put his pride above the life of a woman who he liked. Izergil was full of passion, but its objects were constantly changing. In her unprincipled run, the true feeling was lost, and in the end it was not necessary for whom it was intended. That is, the writer prefers the saint and disinterested love for humanity, and not its small and egoistic analogues.
The main topics of the story concern the role of a person in society. Gorky reflects on the rights and obligations of the individual in society, that people should do for each other for universal prosperity, etc. The author denies individualism of Larra, who does not put the environment in anything and wants only to consume a good, and not to give it in return. In his opinion, the real "strong and beautiful" person must apply his talents for the benefit of the remaining, less prominent members of society. Only then will be true his strength and beauty. If these qualities are wasting, as in the case of isergil, they will quickly die, including in human memory, and not finding decent use.
The path path. Gorky allegorically portrayed the historical path of human development in the legend of Danko. From the darkness of ignorance and the wildness of human genus moved to the light due to gifted and fearless personalities, who serve as progress, do not regret themselves. Without them, society is doomed to stagnation into a stagnant, but these outstanding wrestlers are never understood in life and become victims of cruel and short-sighted fellow.
Topic of time. Time is fleeting, and it needs to be spent with the goal, otherwise his run will not slow down the late awareness of the futility of being. Izergil lived, without thinking about the meaning of days and years, gave himself to entertainment, but in the end came to the fact that her fate was dismissed and unfortunately.

Idea

The main idea in this work is the search for the meaning of human life, and the writer found him - it consists in disinterested and self-safe service to society. This point of view can be explained on a specific historical example. In an allegorical form, Gorky exceeded the heroes of the resistance (underground revolutionaries, who already called in the author sympathy), those who sacrificed themselves, withdrawing the people from the wilderness to meet the new, happy time of equality and fraternity. In this idea, the story of the story of the Staruha Ispergil is consistent. In the image of Larra, he joined all those who thought only about themselves and her profit. So the people called many nobles, without recognizing laws and not regret the lower fellow citizens - workers and peasants. If Larra recognizes only the domination of a strong person over the mass and hard dictate, then Danko is a real national leader, he gives everything herself for the sake of rescue people, without requiring even recognition in return. Such a silent feat made many fighters for freedom, which protested against the royal regime, against social inequality and oppressing defenseless people.

The peasants and workers, as well as the Danko tribe, doubted the ideas of socialists and wanted to continue slavery (that is, not to change anything in Russia and serve the power of the property). The main idea in the story of the "old worm of Izergil", the bitter prophecy of the writer is that the crowd though breaks away to the light, taking the sacrifice, but the bay of the heart of his heroes is afraid of their fire. So many revolutionary figures later were illegally accused and "eliminated", because their influence and strength was already afraid of the new power. The king and his minions, like Larru, the society rejected, getting rid of them. Many were killed, but even more people who did not accept the Great October Revolution, expelled from the country. They were forced to wander without the Fatherland and civility, since in their time the laws of moral, religious and even state, coal, their own people and perceiving slavery, as properly, were proudly.

Of course, the main thought of Gorky today is perceived much wider and comes out not only by the revolutionary figures of the past, but also to all the people of the present. The search for the meaning of life is renewed in every new generation, and each person finds him for himself.

Problems

No less rich in content the problem of the story of the Staruha Ispergil. Here are presented both moral and ethical and philosophical issues that deserve the attention of each thinking person.

The problem is the meaning of life. Danko saw him in the salvation of the tribe, Larra - in satisfaction of Pride, Izergil - in love adventures. Each of them was entitled to choose their own way, but who of them felt satisfaction from her decision? Only Danko, because he chose it right. The rest were cruelly punished for selfishness and faintness in determining the goal. But how to take a step so as not to regret after? On this question and trying to answer the bitter, helping us to trace themselves, what is the meaning of life turned out to be true?
The problem of selfishness and pride. Larra was a narcissistic and proud man, so he could not normally live in society. His "paralysis of the soul", as Chekhov would say, did not give him peace initially, and the tragedy was predetermined. No society will endure the abuse of his laws and principles from insignificant self, who misses himself with navel of the earth. An example of an eagle's son allegorically shows that the one who despises the environment and elevates himself over him, not a man at all, and already half a beast.
The problem of active life position is that many try to counteract her. She enters the conflict with eternal human passivity, reluctance to do something and change. So Danko came across misunderstanding in his environment, trying to help and move the deal from the dead point. However, people did not hurry to meet him towards and even after the successful finals of the way were afraid of the revival of this activity, trampled the last sparks of the hero's heart.
The problem of self-sacrifice is that it is usually appreciated. People crucified Christ, destroyed scientists, artists and preachers, and none of them thought that he was in good by evil, but on the feat - betrayal. On the example of Danko, the reader sees how the people apply to those who helped him. Black ungrateful attires in the souls of those who take the victim. The hero saved his tribe of life, and did not even receive well-deserved respect.
The problem of old age. The heroine lived to old years, but now she remains only to remember his youth, since nothing can repeat again. The old woman Izergil lost the beauty, strength and all the attention of men who were once so proud of. Only being a weak and ugly, she understood that she was waste himself in vain, and it was necessary to think about the family nest even then. And now the cuckoo, who stopped to be a proud eagle, is not needed to anyone and can not change anything.
The problem of freedom in the story manifests itself in the fact that it loses its essence and turns into permissiveness.

Output

The old woman Izergil is one of the most interesting stories from the school course of studying literature at least because there are three independent stories actual at all times. The types, which described bitter, are not often found in life, but the names of his heroes became nominable. The most memorable act is Danko, the image of self-sacrifice. It is in conscientious, self-challenging, heroic ministry to people teaches a work on his example. He remembered to people most of all, it means that a man in nature stretches to something kind, bright and great.

Moral in the story of the old woman Izergil is that selfishness and indulgence of their own defects will not bring a person to good. In this case, society is turned away from them, and without him people lose their humanity and remain in painful isolation, where the achievement of happiness becomes impossible. The work makes thinking about how much we are dependent on each other, how important it is to be together for us, even if we have different opportunities and inclinations.

Criticism

"If Gorky would be born in the family rich and enlightened, he would not write four volumes at such a short time ... And we would not see many indisputably bad things," wrote critic Menshikov about the romantic stories of the writer. Indeed, then Alexei Peshkov was an unknown, novice author, so his earlier work reviewers did not regret. In addition, many did not like that before the literature, the art of elites in the Russian Empire, a leaving of the poorest segments of the population was risen, which, because of the origin, many were raised by the assessment. The snobbery of critics was explaining that those who did not want to see even the equal gentlemen were increasingly encroaching on their shrine. That's what Menshikov explained his negative reviews:

Our author flows into oblivion in the strife, in a cripping, cold gesticulation of words. Such is his imitative, explicitly prompted by poor reading things - "Makar Miranda", "Old Wizergil" ... ... Gorky does not withstand savings of feelings

With this criticism was agreed by his colleague Yu. Anhenwald. He was outraged by the fact that the author spoiled the legend with his fringe and artificial style:

At bitter fiction is offensive than anyone else, his artificiality is worse than anywhere. Even annoying to see how he herself sin against her and against her own himself, sin against her and against himself, she crashes his own business and does not know how to truthfully draw to the end, until the end effect of truth.

A. V. Amphitheatres did not categorically agree with those who did not accept new talent in the literature. He wrote an article where the creations of Gorky raised and explained why his mission in art is so responsible and incomprehensible for many critics.

Maxim Gorky is a heroic epic specialist. Author "Petrel", "Sokoli Sokol", "Izergil" and countless epics about the former people of different names, he ... achieved that he woke up a sense of human dignity and the proud consciousness of sleeping power in the most hopeless and disappearance of the Russian society

Interesting? Save on your wall!

The romantic story of Maxim Gorky "old woman Izergil" was written in 1894. Composition of the work - "Story in the story". The narration is conducted on the person of the author and the heroine of the story of the old woman Izergil. Three parts are subordinate to the general idea: thinking about the true value of human life, sense of life, human freedom.

The story of the old woman Izergil is being studied in the course of class literature. As an acquaintance with the works of the early creativity of Gorky, you can read the summary of the oldest Izergil on the chapters.

main characters

Old Isergil - Elderly woman, interlocutor of the author. Talks about the history of his life, the legends about Danko and Larre. It believes that "every fate itself".

Larra - Son of a woman and eagle. Despised people. Pied people immortality and loneliness.

Danko - Young man, loving people, "Best of All". Saving people at the cost of their own life, covering them the road from the forest with a heart-shed heart.