In Russia, attempts at all will stop attempting their heroes who gave lives in the name of the Fatherland.

At the request of citizens

The State Archive of the Russian Federation, headed by Dr. Historical Sciences Sergey Mironenko, gave a new reason for the discussion about the feat of 28 Panfilov Heroes.

« In connection with the numerous appeals of citizens, institutions and organizations, post a certificate-report of the main military prosecutor N. Afanasyev "On 28 Panfilovtsy" dated May 10, 1948. According to the results of the investigation of the main military prosecutor's office, stored in the USSR Prosecutor's Office Foundation., "said in a message on the website of the state archive of the Russian Federation.

The publication of this certificate report is not a sensation - it is known about its existence to everyone who was interested in the history of the feat.

At its foundation, the head of the state archive of the Russian Federation, a citizen Mironenko made a statement that "there were 28 Heroes-Panfilovtsev - this is one of the myths that have been planned by the state."

But before talking about myth and truth, let's remember the classic history of the Heroes-Panfilov.

Classic Version Podav.

According to it, on November 16, 1941, 28 people from the personnel of the 4th company of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th rifle regiment headed by the 4th company Politruk Vasily Klochekov held defense against the advancing Hitlermen in the Dubosekovo district of 7 kilometers to the south East of Volokolamsk.

Within a 4-hour battle, 18 enemy tanks were destroyed, and the promotion of the Germans to Moscow was suspended. All 28 fighters were killed in battle.

In April 1942, when the date of 28 Panfilovtsev became widely known in the country, the command of the Western Front came out with the petition to assign the title of Heroes of the Soviet Union to all of the 28 fighters. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 21, 1942, all 28 Guardsmen listed in the sketch of Cryvitsky, a posthumous title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded.

"Risen" Dobrobabin managed to serve the Germans and take Vienna

Investigation, a certificate-report on the results of which was published by Garf, began in November 1947, when the Military Prosecutor's Office of the Kharkov garrison was arrested and brought to criminal responsibility for granting the homeland of Ivan Dobrobababin.

According to the case file, being at the front, Dobrobabine volunteered to the Germans and in the spring of 1942 he entered them to serve. He served as the head of the police temporarily occupied by the German village of Valkovsky district of the Kharkiv region.

In March 1943, with the liberation of this area from the Germans, Dobrobababin, as a traitor, was arrested by the Soviet bodies, but from custody fled, he again moved to the Germans and again got a job in the German police, continuing the active treacherous activities, the arrests of Soviet citizens and the direct exercise of forced shipment of labor to Germany.

When, after the war, Dobrobabind was arrested again, during the search he found and a book about 28 Panfilovchi heroes, in which it was written in white that he ... is one of the dead heroes and him, accordingly, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Dobrobabin, understanding, in what position was, honestly told how it was. He really participated in the battle at the Dubosek's road, but was not killed, but he received contusion and captured.

Filing from the camp for prisoners of war, Dobrobababin did not make his way to his, and went to the native village who was in the occupation, where he soon accepted the proposal of the headman to enter the police.

But this is not all the peripetics of his fate. When in 1943, the Red Army again passed into the offensive, Dobrobababin fled to relatives to the Odessa region, where no one knew about his work on the Germans, waited for the arrival of Soviet troops, was again called up for military service, participated in the Yaskovo-Chisinau operation, taking Budapest And Vienna, he graduated from the war in Austria.

The verdict of the military tribunal of the Kiev Military District dated June 8, 1948, Ivan Dobrobababin was sentenced to 15 years of imprisonment with a defendant for a period of five years, confiscation of property and deprivation of medals "for the defense of Moscow", "For victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War, 1941 -1945 "," For the capture of Vienna "and" For Taking Budapest "; Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Sun of February 11, 1949, deprived of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

During the amnesty of 1955, the sentence period was reduced to 7 years, after which he was released.

Ivan Dobrobababin moved to his brother, lived ordinary life and died in December 1996 at the age of 83 years.

List of Crivitsky

But back in 1947, when it turned out that one of the 28 Panfilovtsev, there was not enough of the fact that I was alive, so also worked out by the German service. The prosecutor's office was given the order to check all the circumstances of the battle at the Dubosek road, to find out how it really was.

According to the prosecution materials, the first description of the battle of the Panfilov Guards, who stopped German tanks, appeared in the Red Star newspaper in the essay of the front correspondent of Vasily Kitoeva. This note was not called the names of the heroes, but it was said that "all before one died, but the enemy did not miss."

The next day in the "Red Star" there was an editorial "Testament of 28 fallen heroes", which said that 28 fighters stopped off the offensive of 50 enemy tanks, destroying 18 of them. The note was signed by the Literary Secretary of the Red Star, Alexander Crivitsky.

Finally, on January 22, 1942, the material "On 28 fallen heroes" appeared signed by Alexander Cryvitsky, which became the basis of the classical version of the feat.

All 28 Heroes, Dobrobabin Ivan Evstafyevich, Dobrobabin Ivan Evstafyevich, Dobrobabin Ivan Alekseevich, Kryuchkov Abram Ivanovich, Mitin Gavriyl Stepanovich, Alicava, Dmitry Narsutbay, Kalenikov Dmitry Mitarofanovich, Schemyakin Gregory Mikhailovich, Dutov Petr Danilovich,

Mitchenko Nikita, Shopokov Duyshchenkul, Konkin Grigori Efimovich, Sadrin Ivan Demidovich, Moskalenko Nikolay, Emtsov Peter Kuzmich, Kuzhebegenov Daniel Aleksandrovich, Timofeev Dmitry Fomich, Trofimov Nikolay Ignatievich, Bondarenko Yakov Alexandrovich, Vasilyev Larion Romanovich, Bearev Nikolay Nikorovich, Zheusabek , Maksimov Nikolai, Ananyev Nikolay.

Survived Dubosekovo

In 1947, the prosecutors who conducted the inspection of the circumstances of the battle at the Dubosek's roadway, found out that not only Ivan Dobrobababine remained alive. Daniel Kuzhebgenov, Grigory Shemyakin, Illarion Vasilyev, Ivan Shadrin. Later it became known that Dmitry Timofeev was alive.

All of them in battle at Dubosek were injured, Kuzhebgenov, Shadrin and Timofeev passed through German captivity.

It was especially difficult to Daniel Kazhebergenov. He only spent a few hours in captivity, but it was enough to blame him in a voluntary passage to the Germans.

As a result, in the presentation for awarding, his name was replaced by a one-facilitator, who even theoretically could not participate in that battle. And if the rest of the survivors, except for Dobrobabin, were recognized as heroes, Daniel Kuzhebergenov, until his death in 1976, remained only a partially recognized participant in the legendary battle.

Meanwhile, the employees of the prosecutor's office, having studied all the materials and having heard the testimony of witnesses, came to the conclusion - "the feat of 28 Guards-Panfilovtsev, lit in the press, is the fiction of the correspondent of Kitoeva, the editor of the Red Star editor of Orberg and in particular the Literary Secretary of the Crivitsky newspaper."

Heroes Panfilovtsy, veterans of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 Illarion Romanovich Vasilyev (left) and Grigory Melentievich Shemyakin at a solemn meeting dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the defeat of the German fascist troops near Moscow, in the Kremlin Palace

Indications of the regiment commander

Such a conclusion is based on the interrogations of Crivitsky, Korothev and the commander of the 1075th rifle regiment Ilya Caprov. All 28 Panfilov Heroes served in the Karp Region.

At the interrogation in the prosecutor's office in 1948, Caprov showed: "There is no fight against Dubosekovo's German tanks on November 16, 1941, this is a solid fiction. On this day, the Dubosekovo roads in the 2nd battalion with the German tanks fought the 4th company, and the heroic was really fought.

Over 100 people died from the company, and not 28, as they wrote about it in newspapers. None of the correspondents came to me during this period; Nobody has never spoke about the age of 28 Panfilovtsev, and I could not talk, since there was no such a fight. I did not write any political framework about this.

I do not know, on the basis of which materials they wrote in newspapers, in particular in the "Red Star", about the 20 Guards of the Division. Panfilova. At the end of December 1941, when the division was assigned to the formation, the correspondent of the Red Star came to me in the regiment, together with representatives of the Political Division of Glushko and Egorov.

Here I first heard about 28 guardsmen-Panfilovtsy. In a conversation with me, Crivitsky declared that it was necessary that there were 28 Panfilov Guardsmen who led the fight with German tanks. I stated him that the entire regiment was fought with the German tanks, and in particular the 4th company of the 2nd battalion, but I don't know anything about the 28th Guards ...

The names of Crvitsky in memory gave Captain Gundilovich, who led the conversations with him on this topic, no documents about the Boy 28 Panfilovtsev in the regiment could not be. "

Interrogations of journalists

Alexander Crivitsky at the interrogation showed: "When talking in Pure with t. Stupivine, he was interested in where I took the words of Politruck Klochakov, written in my basement: "Russia is great, and there is nowhere to retreat - behind Moscow," I answered him that I was invented myself ...

... In terms of sensations and actions, 28 heroes are my literary condemnation. I did not talk to any of the wounded or remaining in the living guards. From the local population, I only spoke with a boy of 14-15 years old, who showed the grave where Klobhkov was buried. "

Guard Senior Sergeant Nikolay Bogdashko. Cossacks against tanks. 45 cavalrymen repeated the feat of Panfilovtsev, but what was said to Vasily Kitheev: "Approximately November 23-24, 1941, I was in the headquarters of the 16th Army with the Military Corresponding of the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper ...

When leaving the army's headquarters, we met the commissioner of the 8th Panfilov Division Egorova, who spoke about an extremely heavy setting at the front and said that our heroic people are fighting at all sites. In particular, Egorov led an example of the heroic battle of one company with German tanks, 54 tanks occurred on the line, and the company detained them, part of destroying.

Egorov himself was not a member of the battle, but told the regiment from the words commissioner, who also did not participate in battle with the German tanks ... Egorov recommended to write in the newspaper about the heroic rhot with the tanks of the enemy, previously acquainted with the Polytendine received from the regiment ...

In the political framework it was said about the fifth company with the tanks of the enemy and that the company stood to "death" - died, but did not move away, and only two people turned out to be traitors, raised their hands to surrender to the Germans, but they were destroyed by our fighters.

The report did not mention the number of company fighters who died in this battle, and their names were not mentioned. This we did not establish from conversations with the regiment commander. It was impossible to get into the regiment, and Egorov did not advise us to try to penetrate the regiment ...

Upon arrival in Moscow, I reported to the editor of the "Red Star" newspaper Ortenberg, told about the combat company with the tanks of the opponent. Orientberg asked me how many people were in the company. I answered him that the composition of the company, apparently, was incomplete, about 30-40 people; I also said that two of these people turned out to be traitors ...

I did not know what was preparing the advanced on this topic, but Orientberg once again called me and asked how many people were in the company. I answered him that about 30 people. Thus, the number of battled 28 people appeared, since from 30 two turned out to be traitors.

Orterberg said that it was impossible to write about two traitors, and, apparently, consulting with someone, decided to write only about one traitor in advance. "

"I was told that I would be on Kolyma"

So, there were no sign 28 of the Panfilov Heroes, and this is a literary fiction? So considers the head of Garf Mironenko and his supporters.

But you should not hurry with conclusions.

First, the secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) Andrei Zhdanov, who was reported by the conclusions of the prosecutor's investigation, did not give me any course. Suppose the party leader decided to "leave the question".

Alexander Cryeritsky in the 1970s talked about how investigating the prosecutor's office in 1947-1948:

"I was told that if I refuse the testimony that the description of the battle at Dubosekovo completely invented, and that I did not talk to anyone from the partition or remaining in living Panfilovtsev before the publication, I will soon be on the Pechora or Kolyma. In such an atmosphere I had to say that the fight from Dubosekovo is my literary fiction. "

A compolate caps in other testimony was also not so categorical: "At 14-15 hours, the Germans opened a strong artillery fire ... and again went to the attack with tanks ...

There were more than 50 tanks in the regiment plots, and the main blow was sent to the position of the 2nd battalion, including the 4th company site, and one tank came out even in the location of the shelf's command paragraph and burned the hay and the booth, so I accidentally I could get out of the blockage: I was saved by the mound of the railway, people who survived after the attack of German tanks began to gather.

The 4th company suffered more than all: 20-25 people were survived by the commander of the company Rota Gundilovich. The rest of the company suffered less. "

Dubosekovo battle was, the company fought heroically

The testimony of local residents indicate that on November 16, 1941, the Dubosekovo's travel was really fought by Soviet soldiers with the upcoming Germans. Six fighters, including Klochkov's political officer, were buried by residents of the surrounding villages.

Nobody calls the fact that the fighters of the 4th company at the Dubosek road drove heroically.

There is no doubt that the 316th Rifle Division of General Panfilov in defensive battles on the Volokolamsk direction in November 1941 managed to keep the Natik of the enemy, which became the most important factor that allowed the Hitler's defeat near Moscow.

According to the archival report of the USSR Ministry of Defense, the entire 1075th rifle regiment was destroyed on November 16, 1941, destroyed 15 or 16 tanks and about 800 people of the opponent's personnel. That is, we can say that 28 fighters at the Dubosek's junction did not destroy 18 tanks and did not die.

But there is no doubt that their resistance and courage, their self-sacrifice allowed to defend Moscow.

Of the 28 people who came to the heroes, 6, who were considered dead, wounded and contused, miraculously survived. Uninstalious of them turned out to be one Ivan Dobrobababin. Did it cancel the feat of the other 27?

300 Spartans - Myth, Onshered by the Greek State?

One of the most famous military feats in the history of mankind, which everyone heard is a feat of 300 Spartans, in 480 BC, the Era of the Farmopil Battle against the 200 thousandth Army of Persians.

Not everyone knows that with the Persians in Fermopils, not only 300 Spartans died. The total number of Greek troops represented not only Sparta, but also other policies, by different estimates, ranged from 5,000 to 12,000 people.

Of these, about 4,000 were killed in the battle, and about 400 were captured. Moreover, according to Herodoto, in Feromopils, not all of the 300 warriors of the king of Leonid were killed. Warrior Pantin, sent by Leonid as a messenger and only therefore did not turn out to be on the battlefield, hanged himself, for in Sparta he was expected shame and contempt.

Aristodem, who did not turn out to be on the battlefield only because of the disease, washed a bowl of shame to the end, having lived the rest of the years with the nickname aristodem coward. And this is despite the fact that he was heroically fought in subsequent battles with Persians.

Despite all these circumstances, you are unlikely to see Greek historians or the chapter of the Greek archive, softenly bombing media of Greece with materials that "300 Spartans are a myth annealed by the state."

So why, tell me, in Russia will not stop attempts to hurt their heroes who gave lives in the name of the Fatherland?

Heroes remain heroes

The director of the film "28 Panfilovtsev": "to retreat nowhere" historians agree that the feat of 28 Panfilov's heroes had a huge meaning, playing an exceptional mobilizing role, becoming an example of persistence, courage and self-sacrifice. Phrase " Great Russia, and nowhere to retreat - behind Moscow!"She became a symbol of the defenders of the Motherland for a decade.

In the fall of 2015, the film "28 Panfilovts" director Andrei Shallya should be released on the screens of Russia. Collection of funds for the picture in which the classic history of the resellers of the defenders of Moscow will be told and passed by crowdfunding (popular financing).

Heroes Panfilovtsy, veterans of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 Illarion Romanovich Vasilyev (left) and Grigory Melentievich Shemyakin at a solemn meeting dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the defeat of the German fascist troops near Moscow, in the Kremlin Palace

The project "28 Panfilovtsev" was collected 31 million rubles, which makes it one of the most successful crowdfunding projects in Russian cinema.

Perhaps this is the best answer to the question of what is the feat of 28 Panfilov Heroes for our contemporaries.

In the years Great Patriotic War There were many heroic exploits. People gave their own lives in order for the future population of the country happily and lived without worries. Take, for example, fighting Leningrad. Soldiers of the breasts stopped the cartridges, went to the offensive, so as not to give the Germans to go ahead. But are all the exploits about which we know were in fact? Let's deal with the real story of heroes - 28 Panfilovtsev will help us in this.

How we used to see

We still told us about real history 28 Panfilovtsev. Of course, the information giving in school is accepted for the ideal. Therefore, the story that was familiar from youthful times, it sounds like that.

In mid-November 1941, when only five months passed after the start of the Hitler's invasion, 28 people of one of the rifle regiments were defeated near Volokolamsk from the fascist offensive. The head of operation was Vasily Klobkov. The fight against enemies lasted for more than four hours. For all the time, the heroes were able to challenge about twenty tanks from the ground, stopping the Germans for several hours. Unfortunately, it was not possible to survive anyone - everyone was killed. In the spring of 1942, the whole country was already aware of what they did 28 heroev. The order was published, which stated to assign the permanent orders to the Heroes of the Soviet Union to all the fallen soldiers. In the summer of the same year, the title was assigned.

The real story of heroes - 28 Panfilovts - secrets.

Or not all died?

Ivan Dobrobababy after the end of the war, in 1947, was convicted of treason. According to the prosecutor's office, in early 1942 he was captured by the Germans, who later remained to serve. A year later, the Soviet forces still got to him, bumping it to the bars. But there for long Ivan. Did not stay - he escaped. The next action is clear - again went to serve the fascists. He worked in the Police of Germans, where the citizens of the Soviet Union arrested.

After the end of the war, Dobrobababin House was made forced searches. The police were shocked by finding a book about 28 Panfilovtsev, where Ivan was listed killed! Of course, he had the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The traitor to the homeland understands that his position leaves much to be desired. Therefore, it is desirable to tell the authorities all what happened in fact. According to him, he was among these 28 people, but the fascists did not kill him, but simply contusted. Checking all the dead, the Germans found Dobrobabin Alive and captured. In the camp he stayed not long - he managed to escape. Ivan is sent to the village where he was born and held a young man. But it turned out to be the occupied Germans. It was late to return back, so he decides to stay in the service in the police.

At this, the history of the traitor has not yet ended. In 1943, the Army of Russia comes again. Ivan nothing remains to do how to run in Odessawhere his relatives lived. There, of course, no one suspected that the pious Russian soldier works on the fascists. When Soviet troops approached the city, Dobrobababin again turned out to be in the ranks of compatriots, continuing a joint offensive. War for him ended in Vienna.

After the war, in 1948, a military tribunal was held. Relying on the ruling Ivan Dobrobabin They sentenced to fifteen years of concluding, confiscation of property and deprivation of all orders and medals, including one of the highest ranks obtained posthumously. In the mid-50s, the term of imprisonment is trimmed up to seven years.

His fate after prison was so that he moved to his brother, where he lives to 83 years and dies with the usual death.

The newspaper is not lying

In 1947 it turns out that not all died. One not only stayed alive, but also changed the country, being in German. The prosecutor's office began investigating the events that actually happened.

As reported in the documents, the newspaper " A red star"It was one of the first to publish a note about the feat of the heroes. Correspondent was Vasily Kitheev. He decided to lower the names of the soldier, but he said only that no one was alive.

A day later, a small article called "Panfilovtsev's will appears in the same newspaper. It says that all fighters were able to stop the offensive of the enemy to the Soviet Union. Alexander Cryvitsky was the secretary of the newspaper at that time. He also signed an article.

After signing the material about the feat of the heroes in the "Red Star", the material appears in which all the names of the dead heroes were published, where, of course, was concerned Ivan Dobrobababin.

Survived somewhat somewhat!

If you believe the chronicle of events about the real history of 28 Panfilovts, it becomes clear that during the inspection in the case of Heroes, Ivan Dobrobababin was not the only surviving in that fighting. According to the sources, in addition to him, at least five people did not die. During the battle, they were all injured, but remained alive. Some of them were captured by the fascists.

Daniel KuzhebergenovOne of the participants in the fight was also captive. He stayed there only a few hours, which was quite enough for the prosecutor's office to admit him that he himself surrendered to the Germans. This was the fact that on awarding his name was replaced by another. Of course, he did not receive a reward. And until the end of his life was not recognized by the participant of the battle.

The prosecutor's office studied all the materials of the case and came to this conclusion that there was no story about 28 Panfilovtsy. I supposedly invented a journalist. As far as this is true - only the archive is known, where all the documents of that time are stored.

Interrogation commander

Ilya Karpov is a commander of 1075 regiment, where everything has served all 28 people. When the prosecutor's office conducted an investigation, Karpov also attended it. He said that there were no 28 heroes who stopped the Germans.

In fact, at that time, the fascists opposed the fourth company, of which over a hundred people died. No correspondent of the newspaper approached the commander of the regiment for explanations. Of course, Karpov I did not speak any 28 soldiers, since they simply did not exist. He was at all up to date, which was the basis for writing an article in a newspaper.

In the winter of 1941, the correspondent of the newspaper arrives to Ilya Karpov A red star", From which the commander learns about some Panfilovtsi who defended their homeland. The news makers admitted that it was so much a person needed to write a note.

According to journalists

Crivitsky Alexander, who was a correspondent of the newspaper "Red Star", reports that his material about 28 PanfilovtsyThe protection of the country is complete fiction. None of the soldiers gave testimony to the journalist.

If you believe the prosecutor's office who conducted the investigation, everyone who was in battle was killed. Two people from the company raised his hands, which meant only the fact that they were ready to surrender to the Germans. Our soldiers did not tolerate betrayal and killed two trains themselves. The documents did not have a word about the number of people who fell in battle. And the surnames are all the more unknown.

When the journalist returned to the capital again, he told the editor " Red Star"ABOUT Boy where Russian soldiers participated. Later, the question about the number of people participating, Crivitsky replied that there were about forty people, of which two were traitors. Gradually, the amount decreased to thirty people, two of whom surrendered to the Germans. Therefore, it is 28 people are considered heroes.

Local residents think that ...

According to the local population, at that time there were actually fierce battles with the Hitler's forces. Six people who were dead were buried in these parts. There is no doubt that Soviet soldiers really heroically defended the country.

Panfilovtsy - Warriors of the 316th Rifle Division (from November 18, 1941 - 8th Guards, from November 23 - the name of her deceased commander of General-Major I.V. Panfilov), showing in October - November 1941 during Moscow Battle mass heroism in defensive battles on the Volokolamsk direction.

Unprecedented heroism and durability on November 16 showed 28 soldiers of the 4th round of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th Rifle Regiment under the command of Politruck Vasily Georgievich Klochkov, who took defense at 7 km southeast Volokolamsk, in the Dubosekovo district district.

Panfilovtsy in the 4-hour battle destroyed 18 enemy tanks and almost all died, including bulls, but did not miss German tanks. 28 Panfilovtsam was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. This fight is known in history as a feat of 28 Heroes-Panfilov. 1975 - the memorial ensemble "feat 28" will be erected at the site of the battle.

28 Panfilovtsev (alternative versions of the feat

Modern historians battle at Dubosekovo seems to be in an absolutely different light. Some of them are generally questioned the official version of the battle of 28 Panfilov.

How many Panfilovtsev was?

The investigation, which was held after the IGB war and the military prosecutor's office, showed that in the legendary battle at the Dubosek's road, not 28 "Guards-Panfilofsev", and the company in full compound of 120-140 people who were crumpled by German tanks, having time to bother Only 5-6 of them. No more than 25-30 fighters survived, the rest died or were in captivity.

The error crept in the first newspaper reports about the feat of Panfilovtsev, because the journalists from the words of polymat workers decided that the company was in incomplete and numbered only 30 people. As it was known that at the beginning of the battle, two fighters moved to the fascists, the chief editor of the "Red Star" David Oreberg deduced from 30 traitors and received the number 28 that was canonical. However, in the sketch, he was allowed to write only about one traitor, whom the Red Army people were immediately shot. Two traitors, and for another 30 people, it would be a lot and would not allow to talk about an insignificant renegpet.

Mention of Boy

There are no references to any details in the Soviet, nor in German official documents. It does not report anything to the 2nd battalion commander (which included the 4th company) Major reshetnikov, neither commander of the 1075th regiment Colonel Caps, nor the commander of the 316th division Major General Panfilov, nor the commander of the 16th Army General - Rokossovsky Pilatender. There are no messages about it in German sources (and after all, loss in one battle of 18 tanks for the end of 1941 was a noticeable event for the fascists).

Legendary feat fiction of journalists?

The version that the battle, as such, was not at all, was publicly voiced by many historians. Sergey Mironenko, who then led the state archive, officially stated that the whole story about the feat of Panfilovtsev is only a myth. Based on the declassified archives, some of the historians concluded that the legendary feat was the fiction of the journalist of the Red Star Alexander Krivitsky (Literary Secretary of the newspaper), which is the first and spoke about the Boy. Once upon an advanced, he tried to write an essay about the events. All about the fight was recorded from the words of the current commissioner of the Division, which in the smallest detail spoke about the battle. The battle of the 4th company, who consisted of soldiers in the amount of more than 120 people, and not 28 heroes, as was said later in the printed edition. Many facts are distorted.

At the interrogation, Crivitsky showed: when talking in Pure with t. Stupivine, he was interested in where I took the words Politruck Klochkov: "Russia is great, and nowhere to retreat - behind Moscow," I answered him that I was invented ... I myself ...

Curvitsky and Korothev, the authors of the material published in the "Red Star", said during the inspection, they were based only on the oral stories of the fellow soldiers of the dead and their colleagues, military correspondents, but with anyone who could probably know the details of the battle, were not familiar. The military prosecutor's office concluded that the story was in which she was published in the "Red Star", is a fiction of journalists. But the battle was actually.

Unexpected arrest

1948 - in the Kharkiv region. They were arrested during the war in captivity to the Germans, the former military personnel of Dobrobabin. During the arrest, a book was found, with the description of the Panfilovtsev's feathers and, in particular, his name was also indicated as one of the dead participants of the battle. The main military prosecutor's office of the USSR was conducted to investigate, during which it was possible to find out that several more people who were considered those who died in a battle at the Dubosek's road, and in reality survived, and the described clash, given by journalists, does not have direct documentary evidence - and the very fact of the battle Not put.

Alive was not only Ivan Dobrobababin. Daniel Kazhebgenova, Grigory Shemyakina, Illarion Vasilyeva, Ivan Shadrin. Late it became known that Dmitry Timofeev alive. All of them in battle at Dubosek were injured, Kuzhebgenov, Shadrin and Timofeev passed through German captivity.

From the readings of a compolat

All 28 Heroes-Panfilovtsev served in the regiment Ilya Karpov. At the interrogation in the prosecutor's office in 1948, Caprov (the commander of the 1075th Rifle Regiment) showed: "There is no fight against Dubosekovo's fascist tanks on November 16, 1941 - this is a solid fiction. Even in the afternoon, Dubosekovo's junction in the 2nd battalion with the tanks of the Germans led the 4th company battle, and in reality heroic fought. More than 100 people were killed from the company, as written in newspapers. None of the correspondents to me did not appear at the time; Nobody reported on the Boy of 28 Panfilovtsev, and could not say, because there was no such a fight. I did not write any political decision on this. I do not know, based on what materials they wrote in newspapers, in particular in the "Red Star", about the 20 Guards of the Division. Panfilova.

Memorial at the Dubosekovo road dedicated to the pilot of 28 Panfilov Heroes

Dubosek's fight was

According to the testimony of local residents, on November 16, 1941, Dubosekovo's travel was actually a fight of Soviet soldiers with the Germans. Six fighters, including the Klochkov Politrock, buried the inhabitants of the surrounding villages.

Nobody calls the fact that the fighters of the 4th company at the Dubosek road drove heroically.

There is no doubt that the 316th Infantry Division of General Panfilov in defensive battles on the Volokolamsk direction in November 1941 was able to keep the enemy Natisk, which became the most important factor that allowed the German defeat to the Germans.

According to the archives of the USSR Ministry of Defense, the entire 1075th rifle regiment on November 16, 1941 destroyed 15 or 16 tanks and about 800 people of the personnel of the enemy. That is, we can say that 28 fighters at the Dubosek's junction did not destroy 18 tanks and did not die.

conclusions

Based on the explanations of eyewitnesses of the battle and hundreds of declassified archives of historians, they still managed to establish the truth - the fight was actually, and the feat was. Only here the fact of the existence of these the most 28 Panfilovtsev remained under a big question.

Almaty, 3 Dec - Sputnik. The case under the vulture of Smered 1942-1944, declassified in the fall of this year, puts the final point in disputes on the role of Kazakhstanis in the Defense of Moscow on November 16, 1941 at the Dubosekovo road.

How started the investigation of the benign of Kazakhstanis near Dubosekovo

In order to finally establish the truth, representatives of the Russian military-historical society had to study the archives classified before two years, reports the Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation Vladimir Medinsky in the publication "Russian Gazeta".

The undisputed evidence was discovered by researchers in one of the folders "Main Department of Counterintelligence" Sverdley ", 1st Baltic Direction." For the collection of materials, according to the chronology of the discovered documents, in the special department of the NKVD, and later the employees of Sverdow, left two years. And an investigation into hot trails was conducted.

Collecting actual data on what happened under Dubosekovo began, from the moment the Red Armenian Daniel Kazhubergenov was arrested. He was suspected that, fighting in the composition of the parts on the Volokolamsk direction, in mid-November 1941 he with a weapon in his hands surrendered to the enemy. His escape, which he committed a few hours after that, caused more suspicion from individuals. By the time of Kazhbergenov, according to Chekists, was listed among the 28 dead heroes-Panfilov.

© Sputnik / Nikolay Khizhnyak

At first, Daniel argued that he really participated in that battle, but after, according to the preserved papers, refused his words. As a result of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously), among 28, another Kuzhebergenov was awarded - Askar.

It was the unexpected "resurrection" of Daniel Kuzabergenov, it became a reason for the beginning of a more extensive investigation of the circumstances of the battle and article written about him by the Military Armade of the Red Star newspaper Crivitsky.

What "told" classified archives "Soloch"

All of these data 1942-1943 are very similar to the investigation conducted by the General Prosecutor's Office in the case of Panfilovtsy in 1948. But only before that moment. Further materials of a later investigation are already called historians, as the wave of the repression of army generals began and needed reasons to attract high Army ranks. That is why the results of the first, which has passed, what is called, on the hottest trails, were then classified and flew only now.

© Sputnik / Vladislav Vodnev

Documents that have fallen into the hands of historians a few months ago, reliably confirm not only the fact that the battle at the Duboseek's road was really, but also the fact that the journalist Crivitsky described them very close to reality.

"The testimony of the former military commission is the 1075th Guards Rifle Regiment ... Senior Battalion Commissioner Muhamedyarov Akhmedzhan Latypovich.

Question: - Where, when 28 Guards-Panfilovtsev guardsmen were fighting with tanks and who specifically led this fight?

Answer: - ... an opponent, focusing its main forces on his right flank, decided to strike on the left flank of our defense, that is, by the location of the 4th rifle company in the area of \u200b\u200bDubosekovo, Shiryaevo and Pesteno. At the second platoon of the 4th rifle company was sent to the opponent. The platoon first beat off the attack of the enemy car gunners. The latter, met by friendly and powerful fire heroes, leaving on the battlefield to 80 people killed and wounded, was forced to move back to its original position. "

Further, according to Muhamedyarov, the German command sent against the second platoon of the company of about 50 tanks, which led an offensive in several echelons. Considering that the support of artillery was practically not and lacked with anti-tank guns, defenders of the border were forced to let armored vehicles for a close distance and to bring it out of the construction of hand-held grenades and bottles filled with a combustible mixture. The fight, as a result of which 18 heavy opponent armored vehicles were disabled, continued for about five hours. All 28 platoon fighters, including Politruk, Vasily Klobkov, were killed and crushed with tanks. As a result, the enemy managed to break through the defense.

Historical sensation from the archives of the FSB

The authenticity of the adhesiveness of Heroes-Panfilovtsev was confirmed after a deep study of the archives of the Russian FSB. Thus, researchers managed to detect the testimony of the headquarters of the 1075th Guards Rifle Shelf of Senior Lieutenant Andrei Vetkov.

"... A very important role in all preparation of materials and perversions was played by the too big hurry, which was also shown by those that were drawn up by materials, and those who checked and promoted these materials. One undoubtedly, whatever inquiry, mass heroism, Manifested in battle with the German-fascist tanks in battle near Dubosekovo on November 16, 1941 - an irrefutable fact, and nothing should erase the light memory of 28 Heroes-Panfilovtsev who fell in the fight against the German monsters for happiness and freedom of their hot beloved homeland, "said He is in question in the NKVD on July 5, 1942.

© Sputnik / S. Kalmykov

Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov (left), commander of the 316th rifle division Major General

According to the author of the article, Vladimir Medinsky, it follows from the documents that, speaking of a feat, Andrei Vetkov does not doubt either in a single word, although somewhat confused when it comes to award-winning list. Then, for the investigation it was important to find out where inaccuracies appeared in a premium list. But it was no longer possible to interrogate the people who have formed and allowed flaws during the stories, the Warlock was no longer possible: one of them - the commander of the 4th rifle company Gundilovich died, while others were on the fronts and in hospitals for hundreds, or even thousands of kilometers.

In this case, it is noted that errors in premium documents could well be painted as a result of a confusion that reigned at that moment on this section of the front. Nevertheless, all doubts about the heroism of Kazakhstani warriors marks only one short certificate from the archive, which the author of the study leads:

"From the personnel of the 4th company of the 1075th Guards Rifle Regiment, operating in the battles at the Duboseek's roadway on 06.07.42, passes the service in the regiment in position. Nach. Headquarters former Starmin 4th company Jivo Philip Trofimovich. Other Faces from the 4th rifle company, operating in the district of Dubosekovo, on 06.07.42 in the shelf there. "

That is, from all the fighters that were nosed in October 1941 as part of a rifle company, by the summer, only one fighter fighters fighter.

Journalist Crivitsky wrote about what he saw with his own eyes

The accusations that in recent years have sounded to the Military Corvitsky correspondent, thanks to which, in the USSR, 28 Heroes-Panfilovtsev learned the entire USSR, were also dispelled by documents from archives, so unexpectedly saw the light.

"During the stay of representatives of the newspaper" Red Star "to resolve the command of the division, they, together with Colonel Kappov, head of the division political waste with the Senior Batthautan Commissioner of Gulkusko and the commander of the second battalion Captain Gundilovich went to the fighting area, where 28 heroes were killed, Dubosek's crossing," - is in One of the interrogations of the former military author's regiment of Muhamedyarova.

After returning, the group said that at the site of the battle, in the trenches and nearby, the bodies of 27 heroes who died during defense were found. The body of Politruck Vasily Klochakov was not found on the spot, as after death, secretly from the Germans, the locals were found and "they were signed for the wagon of the pathways of the Dubosecovo traffic." It is on the basis of these data Crivitsky and wrote his material about the feat.

"The arithmetic, of course, does not converge. How much was exactly? At what point of battle? How much did they remain alive from 130 fighters of the company - and at the moment of which of the tank attacks? But all this" premium arithmetic "and could not come together, especially then, Considering the situation, "the author of Vladimir Medinsky writes.

At the same time, he concludes that the fact of the feat of 28 Kazakhstani Heroes-Panfilovtsev was not just in reality, but turned out to be even more realistic and legendary than we were represented by all these many years.

The story of 28 Panfilovtsy, who defended Moscow, is known to almost everyone. At the same time, disputes are constantly arising around the reliability of these events, first described in the "Red Star" newspaper. In the Kremlin, for example, it is believed that "the story in one or another form with Panfilov's heroes really took place." This was said by the press secretary of President Dmitry Sadkov. The Minister of Culture Vladimir Medinsky also stated at all that no one should question the reliability and authenticity of the soldiers of the soldiers on the approaches to Moscow. Having tried the story of 28 Panfilovtsy, experts discussed.

Questions:

What is the basis of the story of 28 Panfilovts?

Nikita Petrov

The story of the feat of the Panfililov Guardsman published in the Red Star newspaper on November 28, 1941, the literary secretary of the newspaper Crivitsky. Already in the title of his article - "Testament of 28 of the fallen heroes" - it was seemed to be an exact number of heroes, and in the text itself it was quite categorically stated: "Moved his heads - all twenty eight. Died, but did not miss the enemy. " Later, Crivitsky himself admitted that he wrote an article on behalf of the editor of the Red Star editor, which called him the fictional number of dead.

Mikhail Mikhav

The story is based on the real Boy, which occurred in one of the most critical moments of the defense of Moscow. The first to describe it were the Military Correspondents of the Red Star. Their source is the stories of eyewitnesses, recorded at the end of November 1941, exactly then the figure of 28 Panfilovts appeared. There are also transcripts of conversations with other soldiers of the 316th rifle (Panfilovskaya) division, which are stored in the scientific archives of the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Why arise disputes about the truthfulness of history about 28 Panfilovtsy?

Nikita Petrov

Doubts about the reliability of this story already arose already in 1942, and the reason was that not all the awarded died, and the surviving, as it turned out, was in captivity, and someone even served in the Germans. The conclusions of the 1948 military prosecutor's office, which told all these circumstances, were not made public, but partially leaked out. In the future, rumors that this feat is fought and unreal, only grew and multiplied. By the mid-1960, the votes of doubters were so noticeable that the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee could have passed by this. At one of the meetings on November 10, 1966, Leonid Brezhnev said with indignation: "It is criticized in some works, in magazines and other publications that in the hearts of our people are holy, the most expensive. After all, some of our writers are arranged, and they are published, before the fact that I supposedly had no volley Aurora, that it was, I was idle shot and so on that there were no 28 Panfilovts that they were less than, almost fucked this fact that there was no Klochkova and his call on that "for us Moscow and retreat we have nowhere." " But if in the conditions of Soviet censorship, it was possible to prohibit the discussion of this topic, then after August 1991 in the conditions of free pressing, documents that did not leave doubts were made public.

Mikhail Mikhav

The essence of the dispute is that some (and among the former director of the State Archive of the Russian Federation S.V. Mironenko) are standing on the position that the names of 28 Panfilovtsev were taken from the ceiling, there was no such fight. They refer to the report of the main military prosecutor N. Afanasyev from 1948, which says that the feat of 28 Panfilovtsev is the fiction of military journalists. Their goal is to expose the myth. But let's not naive. The purpose of the exposure agents is to show insolvent the entire meaning of the sacrificial struggle for their homeland. Once there were no exploits, there were no people who were ready to go for them, and today will not. That is, it would be better for us by Americans, it would be imposed so at least democracy. Others say that the battle was and these 28 participated in it, although there were much more distinguished in the Panfilov division. I am close to the position of academician RAS G.A. Kumaneva, who writes: "It turned out that not all the" twenty-eight "turned out to be dead. What of this? The fact that six of twenty-eight-mentioned heroes, being injured, contused, contrary to everything survived in battle on November 16, 1941, refutes the fact that the tank column of the enemy rushed to Moscow was stopped at the Dubosek's roadway? Does not refute. "

Was the fight under Dubosekovo?

Nikita Petrov

According to scientific publications based on the materials of archives, including German, it was established that on November 16, 1941, the 1st and 2nd German tank groups began the offensive in the morning at 07:40 and, having passed the village of Nelidovo and the Dubosecovo village, already By 9 o'clock in the morning, Great Nikolskoye and Poletino took. That is, the tanks were not stopped. And to the outcome of the day, the tank groups captured christmas and Lybytsevo, moving the day for ten more kilometers. Later in the territory of the Nelidovsky village council, residents first found the body of the three dead fighters of the Red Army, then in the spring of still three, among them, Politruck Klochkova. All of them are buried in a brotherly grave on the outskirts of the village Nelidovo. That is, the real picture of the events on November 16 does not fit the launched Curvitian myif.

Mikhail Mikhav

Yes, was. On the day of the beginning of the new German Natiska to Moscow - November 16, 1941 - the 316th Infantry Division of General Panfilov was attacked by one infantry and two vermachute tank divisions. But in two or three jumps to achieve the capital failed. The enemy tanks were scared in our defense. The fact that the entire 316th Panfilovian division was heroically fought, the entire 1075th regiment and its entire 4th company, which included the legendary 28 Panfilovts. After the war, the commander regiment I.V. Karpov noted: "On this day, the Dubosekovo roads in the 2nd battalion with the German tanks fought the 4th company, and the heroic really fought. Over 100 people died out of the company, and not 28, as they wrote about this in the newspapers. " On November 18, 1941, the 316th division was renamed the 8th Guards and awarded the Order of the Red Banner. On this day, her legendary commander General Major Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov was killed in battle.

Are Panfilovtsy real people?

Nikita Petrov

All those awarded by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 21, 1942 were real people, but not committed that they were attributed. The history of the list for the presentation to award in itself is indicated by the random nature of its formation and about a deliberate fit of the number of digit awarded to the given newspaper essays.

Mikhail Mikhav

The real political officer of Klobkov fought and died under Dubosekovo. It was there that the remaining 28 heroes fought. There are their names, photos, allor lists. They were not aliens, as we are trying to imagine today. Happiness that someone from these 28s stayed alive. By the way, General I.V. himself Panfilov, who served since the First World War, knew that the soldier would not have to die, but destroy the enemy. Artillery ambushes, special three fighters armed with grenades and "Molotov cocktails", is his merit and his tactics. The result is the recognition of German generals: "The 316th Russian division has many well-trained soldiers in its composition and is strikingly stubborn struggle."

What is the historical meaning of the story of 28 Panfilovts?

Nikita Petrov

It is safe to say that the history of the emergence and debuning of any historical myth is instructive and important. Never forget that truth is always concrete. And in this case, the Essays of Crivitsky in the "Red Star", and numerous books publications of His and other authors did not endure the verification on concreteness and for compliance with these historical sources. The second lesson is important in today's controversy around 28 Panfilov. It is impossible to build upbringing patriotic feelings on lies or "we are towering deception." The truth always opens sooner or later. And the result of many years of deception and ideological foliation will be the cynicism of the younger generation and the disbelief is no longer anything.

Mikhail Mikhav

This is a battle symbol. And this symbol helped us defeat in 1945. Today, the memory of 28 Panfilovtsy is part of our big truth about the war. The truth, which entered our gene pool, forms our historical consciousness. The one who today does not believe that these 28 could stop 18 German tanks, he might be the first to run from the battlefield from Dubosekovo in the frost November day of 1941. And yet: someone is considered today with the fact that Spartans who stopped Persians in the V century BC, was not three hundred, and maybe more or less? Not. The figure of three students entered the history, culture, became a legend. So the feat of the 28th became legendary when the legend is folded from were.