Fertilizers for plants should be considered as a universal remedy that increases growth and productivity. After all, everyone experienced gardener or the gardener knows that a good harvest cannot be achieved without additional fertilizing. The soils of gardens and vegetable gardens, without any doubt, need high-quality fertilizers, because every year they grow necessary and simply favorite plants that require a sufficient amount of nutrients for their growth, development and fruiting.

Fertilizers for the garden and vegetable garden can be divided into several types, the main ones are listed below:

• mineral;
• organic;
• natural.

Each of them has its own disadvantages and advantages. And it is best to fertilize the soil not with some individual, but with all - in a complex, taking into account certain conditions, according to the composition of the soil, the state of already growing plants and crops planned for planting.

Fertilizers

It was not by chance that they were in the first place mineral fertilizers for the garden.

After all, the main elements necessary for the normal development of plants are nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.

Fertilizers are produced on their basis:

• nitrogen - ammonium nitrate acidifies the soil, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate;
• potash - potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium salt.
• phosphoric - double superphosphate, simple granular superphosphate, precipitate.

There are also complex fertilizers: potassium nitrate, diammophos, potassium magnesium, ammophos, nitrophoska, vegetable mixture and, recently appeared, solvents.

Organic fertilizers are also very suitable for the garden, because they are not only rich in beneficial nutrients, but also change the very structure of the soil, making it more convenient for moving masses of water and air.

These fertilizers for plants are obtained as a result of the natural activity of animals and birds, the plants themselves, as well as people.

These include:

• manure (horse, cow, pork, sheep);
• slurry (fermented manure in water);
• bird droppings (from chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, quails);
• peat (high-moor and lowland);
• silt (from ponds, lakes and rivers);
• faeces (from toilets cesspools);
• deciduous and sod land (in humus mass);
• sawdust and bark (rotted).

Organic fertilizers include natural fertilizers for the garden.

To improve fertility and increase composition nutrients use seaweed, common grass, banana peel, nettle.

Eggshells and potato peels, as fertilizer, are also used by our gardeners.

They do not require special preparations for use. So, peeling potatoes appear from the most consumed product from our garden, and part of it can be returned in the form of fertilizer.

This is done this way: several kilograms of cleanings are collected, which are then placed in a regular oven. They are dried at the lowest possible temperature (heat exposure destroys possibly present harmful fungi and molds). And that's all, you can fertilize the soil. Apply to the soil using the hole method. A few handfuls of dry peelings, it is enough to feed one currant bush, or when mixed with soil in small quantities, they remarkably feed vegetable seedlings.

Buy or cook?

Fertilizers for the garden and vegetable garden, for the most part, can be bought ready-to-use, and each must be accompanied by instructions for use, as well as a description of the composition. But some you can cook yourself.

This symbiosis can be seen on the example of autumn garlic fertilization:

• In the fall, garlic is planted in pre-prepared soil. First, the site is treated with a solution copper sulfate(for disinfection).
• Then, when the beds are formed, humus or compost is introduced (both can be bought, or you can do it yourself).
• Add a little potassium sulfate (finished product), or wood ash(options - make, or buy).
• But all this can be replaced with a complete mineral fertilizer (finished product).
• And after a week of exposure under a dense film, you can start the autumn planting of garlic.

Regardless of whether fertilizers were purchased for the garden and vegetable garden, or made independently, fertilization of the soil of personal and summer cottages is mandatory. Under influence external factors(leaching and weathering) and during operation (cultivation), the soil becomes poor in useful nutrients, therefore, in order to obtain good yields, it is necessary to annually take care of their presence in the soil of vegetable gardens and orchards.

Factors affecting the type, composition and amount of fertilizers

Good or correct top dressing must be selected based on the need, which is determined by the type and composition of the soil, the type and number of plants planned for growing, the climatic zone, and weather conditions.

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Fertilizing the soil requires a responsible attitude. For example, an excess of fertilizer for plants in the soil can lead to a high content of nitrates in them. A shortage will lead to a poor quality and poor harvest.

Loamy and sandy loam soils with weak acidity can be considered almost ideal for orchards and vegetable gardens. Due to their moisture and air capacity, they are easily processed, retain nutrients well and easily increase their fertility after fertilization.

Information on chemical composition soil will help determine the lack of the necessary components. Express analysis is carried out as follows:

A vertical thin layer of soil is taken (from the surface to a depth of a shovel's bayonet), thoroughly mixed and moistened with rain (preferably distilled) water.

When squeezed together with litmus paper, a change in its color will show the acidity of the soil:

• red - strongly acidic;
• pink - medium acid;
• yellow - slightly acidic;
• blue - almost neutral;
• blue - neutral;
• green - alkaline.

A very simple way is to pour a piece of soil with vinegar. If a reaction occurs, the soil is alkaline.

As it becomes clear, fertilizers for the garden have a wide variety. But in order to understand them, no special special knowledge is required. It is enough to understand the basic principle of operation and the field of application, in accordance with the necessary needs.

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In order to properly fertilize the land, you need to follow several rules - do not add too much fertilizer to the soil, for example, it is better a little less than the plants need, so as not to create environmental problems. Fertilization of the soil is one of the most crucial stages of caring for the garden. Spring work is especially important in this respect. Be very careful about the choice of formulations and their combination. Otherwise, if the work is done incorrectly, the result will not be an increase in the nutritional value of the soil, but a harmful effect and a decrease in the fertility of the earth. Before proceeding with spring care outside the garden, carefully review the fertilization of the soil in spring to ensure high yields of the planted crops.

Appointment of spring feeding of the garden

In the spring, the development of plants begins, and they absorb everything from the ground essential trace elements and substances. If the land is depleted, then the growth of some varieties will be underestimated, while others may not bear fruit at all. Thanks to fertilization, plant growth is significantly improved and yields are increased. You can also observe a significant improvement in product quality.

The timing of fertilization in the spring

Experts consider the spring season to be the most favorable time for the introduction of all types of fertilizers into the soil: organic, necessarily prepared in advance, mineral, taken in strictly defined doses, as well as their mixtures. Start the procedure for fertilizing the garden land after the melting of the snow cover. Some amateur gardeners practice the distribution of fertilizers over the snow, but with this method, the introduced substances can "float away" from the site along with the melt water.

Fresh articles about garden and vegetable garden

Factors influencing the composition and amount of fertilizers

Good or correct top dressing must be selected based on the need, which is determined by the type and composition of the soil, the type and number of plants planned for growing, the climatic zone, and weather conditions. Fertilizing the soil requires a responsible attitude. For example, an excess of fertilizer for plants in the soil can lead to a high content of nitrates in them. A shortage will lead to a poor quality and poor harvest.

Loamy and sandy loam soils with weak acidity can be considered almost ideal for orchards and vegetable gardens. Due to their moisture and air capacity, they are easily processed, retain nutrients well and easily increase their fertility after fertilization. Information about the chemical composition of the soil will help determine the lack of the necessary components. Express analysis is carried out as follows: A vertical thin layer of soil is taken (from the surface to a depth of a shovel's bayonet), thoroughly mixed and moistened with rain (preferably distilled) water.

When squeezed together with litmus paper, a change in its color will show the acidity of the soil:

• red - strongly acidic;
• pink - medium acid;
• yellow - slightly acidic;
• blue - almost neutral;
• blue - neutral;
• green - alkaline.

A very simple way is to pour a piece of soil with vinegar. If a reaction occurs, the soil is alkaline. As it becomes clear, fertilizers for the garden have a wide variety. But in order to understand them, no special special knowledge is required. It is enough to understand the basic principle of operation and the field of application, in accordance with the necessary needs.

The better to fertilize the garden in spring

Many gardeners fertilize the soil in the spring with the same manure. At the same time, some distribute it evenly, and some add directly to the hole before planting. However, with the development of modern chemistry in the field of the agro-industrial complex, a large number of combined mixtures that fully provide the plant with all the necessary elements and substances. These fertilizers include nitroammophoxine, urea, superphosphate and Kristalin. These fertilizers can be purchased at any agricultural store or market. You can also purchase other mixtures, but you should pay attention to their composition, which, if possible, should not contain heavy chemicals and especially nitrates.

Mineral fertilizers

Mineral fertilizers - a pledge high yields... It is easier to work with mineral fertilizers, since they are sold in concentrated form in all specialized stores. However, special care must be taken when calculating the amount to be applied. Should be guided by the dosages recommended by fertilizer manufacturers, depending on the needs of crops grown in specific location garden plot... Granular phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers are applied in accordance with the established norms in the soil in the spring immediately before digging it. In this case, useful trace elements will be in close proximity to the plant root system. The recommended depth of the granules is approximately 20 cm. Many gardeners are prejudiced against mineral fertilizing, believing that "chemistry" harms the land and plants growing on it. Of course, the soil structure does not improve from the application of mineral fertilizers. For this purpose, organic matter is needed. But plants get access to all the trace elements necessary for growth, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Potassium-based preparations promote faster ripening of fruits. Complex fertilizers, which include two or even three components, are able to satisfy the needs of plants for all nutrients. Complex fertilizers are produced in the form of liquid or granules.

Advantages and disadvantages of mineral fertilizers

To understand whether to prefer mineral fertilizers to organic fertilizers, check out the list of advantages and disadvantages below.

Advantages:

• high, but at the same time balanced, concentration of nutrients in the mixture;
• a small amount is required;
• the ability to regulate the size of the crop, as well as the quality of the fruit;
• the use of fertilizers of this group is acceptable for any soil.

Disadvantages:

• the cost of mixtures is sometimes quite high;
• the need for regular use;
• in case of an overdose, the death of all planted crops.

Organic fertilizers

To date, organic fertilizers are successfully used by summer residents and gardeners in household plots, farms, vegetable gardens. Thanks to the natural components that make up the organic matter, plants grow quickly, develop well and give a good, friendly harvest. The benefits of such fertilizers in the garden can hardly be overestimated.

Advantages and disadvantages of organic fertilizers

• Increasing the amount of humus in the soil;
• Loosening of the soil;
• High saturation with natural macronutrients;
• Possibility of procurement without financial costs;
• After reaching the desired fertility of the soil, less often there is a need for regular feeding of garden crops.

• Danger of burning plants;
• The need for a large mass. Physical costs when preparing and applying the mass to the ground;
• Possibility of infestation by flies or other pests of some plants;
• Pungent bad smell.

Abundant flowering and good yields are, alas, impossible without proper plant nutrition. Even the soils that are optimal for a particular crop are depleted after a few years, which affects both the intensity of flowering and the volume of autumn harvest. Fertilizers for a vegetable garden and a garden in the spring is an item on the list of concerns of a zealous landowner. A small reminder on the types of dressings needed in the garden in spring will help you get the most out of this event.

Fertilizers

Front detailed analysis of popular types of dressings, it is worth mentioning separately about micronutrient fertilizers. This product, actively offered to gardeners, is concentrated and effective, but dangerous in case of overdose and errors in preliminary soil analysis. It is not recommended for novice gardeners. The rest of the fertilizers for the garden and orchard are less dangerous in consequences, although it is worth remembering that the best result will be given only by moderation and reasonableness of any actions with these compositions.

Organic

Organic fertilizers are prepared independently

The group of organic fertilizers is extensive, it includes:

• manure of all kinds;
• bird droppings;
• wood shavings and sawdust;
• composts;
• green mixtures.

Organic fertilizing attracts with its relatively low price: for example, the compost cut from last year, mixed with sawdust manure and household waste, is prepared by most gardeners themselves. Compost pits are an integral part of most domestic vegetable gardens. Any bio-mass from old foliage to silt is stored in this structure throughout the year. Sawdust is used for looseness, giving oxygen access to the lower layers of the container. Peat is also used as biofuel. The resulting composition is rich in trace elements and minerals necessary for any of the zones of the garden.

Of the green dressings, chopped legumes, dug into the ground from the previous year, are relevant. This fairly simple method of enriching the subsoil is valuable for the high concentration of nitrogen required for active fruiting.

Pantry of minerals and the most popular of this group of fertilizers is considered to be manure. It is a natural source of copper, boron, magnesium, cobalt and 2-3 dozen other compounds. Poultry droppings, although similar in composition, cannot compete with the waste product of cattle.

Mineral

Granular and dry fertilizers are absorbed more slowly and do not wash out for a long time

Mineral fertilizers are a concentrated source of nutrients, it is the most quick way compensate for the natural features of a particular soil: for example, add alkali to acidic, and oxidize alkaline. Mineral garden fertilizers subdivided into simple (that is, containing only one element), and complex (complex).

The nitrogen group of simple fertilizers acidifies the soil and is therefore suitable for alkaline soils. But nitrogen fertilizers for garden flowers are not fixed in the soil, so they are applied throughout the season in small doses. These are ammonium nitrate, carbamide and ammonium sulfate, which are necessary for active flowering of phloxes, roses, and zinnias that are demanding on nitrogen.

Potassium salts and a sulfate compound from the potassium group give greens resistance to frost. The phosphorus group as a whole strengthens the structure of the plant, therefore it is relevant for spring feeding and in arid regions. Superphosphate is the most common composition of this type, apart from the most accessible ash, which is actively used for alkalizing soils.

Bacterial

The group of bacterial fertilizers includes compositions containing necessary for soils microorganisms. Environmentally friendly fertilizers are preferred by advocates of non-chemical gardening. Bacterial mixtures promote the production or preservation of the same minerals in soils, but they do it in a natural way. Nitragins produce nitrogen, azotobacterins fix it in the soil, making it looser. Silicate bacteria free phosphorus, potassium and aluminum from useless compounds. The action of fluorobacterin is clear from its name.

Fertilizing the garden in spring

The selection of specific compositions for each area and type of crops grown is carried out individually. The exactingness of individual plants to one or another type of compound is written on any package with seeds, as well as the soils recommended by them.

Popular method for determining the type of soil

The laboratory method or folk principles based on the study of the most abundantly growing weeds will help to determine the type of soil of the site available:

• mosses, sorrel, horsetails - evidence acidic soils;
• clover and nettle grow in abundance only on neutral soils;
• quinoa, mouse peas, wild mustard indicate an increased alkali content.

The introduction of the mineral composition to correct the properties of the soil can be carried out year-round, but within reasonable limits. Spring fertilization of the garden should also take these factors into account. The exact composition of the mixture for plant nutrition and protection must also take into account the specific type of crop.

Fruit crops

Active growth of new branches and abundant flowering will provide nitrogen fertilization. Most effective method top dressing - liquid. So that food does not go into the ground on a hill or in dry weather, water is first carried out, then top dressing. The concentration of the solution is indicated on the fertilizer package. From organic matter, bird droppings are optimal; they are also introduced in liquid form.

Shrubs

Foliar fertilization spraying foliage

Berry bushes need nitrogen and phosphorus, they provide a good volume of ovaries. Nitrophoska and azofoska from mineral, ash and compost from natural will provide good harvest... This applies to currants and gooseberries, which require such nutrition annually. You can repeat feeding in the fall, food will help the shrubs to winter comfortably.

Potash compositions, as the most rapidly washed out, are applied in dry form.

Raspberry, as one of the most capricious shrubs, requires feeding from a mixture of humus, peat, compost or foliage. Such a loose environment will allow you to avoid frequent digging, which gives an influx of air, but invariably damages the delicate roots. Raspberries practically do not need only phosphorus.

Feeding flowers begins from the moment the third leaf appears, and it is the leaves that will tell which of the minerals the plant lacks. Lack of nitrogen manifests itself in poor growth and pallor of foliage, whitish spots appear with a lack of iron. Fertilizer for garden hydrangea should be replenished with alkalis as soon as the leaves began to turn yellow for no explainable reason: this is evidence of increased acidity of the soil. Without exception, a weak solution of manure, saltpeter and urea is suitable for the entire flower garden. Experienced flower growers recommend mineral fertilizers in the form of sticks, which for a long time gradually introduce into the soil the substances necessary for flower beds.

Fertilizing the garden in spring is a must. Every corner and every type of culture demands attention. Competent selection of spring fertilizers is a guarantee of active growth, and, accordingly, a tangible result of your labors in the form of luxurious flowering and a rich harvest.

FERTILIZERS AND FEEDING

What should be fed in the garden and what should be fertilized? The question seems to be simple, but very important. Making the land truly "good" and feeding your garden pets - this is what a difficult task is facing a summer resident-farmer.

PLEASURE IN SPRING OR AUTUMN?

Let's start with the base of the basics - soil. Here we have to "appease" her. The question is - to fertilize or not to fertilize? - has long been decided positively, it remains to decide - how, what and when?

The first thing to keep in mind is that soil fertilization is a strategic issue. The fertilizer applied will affect the soil for several years.

Top dressing is a tactical move designed for immediate results.

You cannot replace one with another. Both fertilization and top dressing are mandatory procedures. But how to combine them is already a matter for the gardener himself.

So, with frequent introduction bird droppings nitrogen in the nitrate form accumulates in the soil, so it is better to close it up in the fall, evenly distributing it over the entire area.

But manure can be applied to the beds in spring and autumn, depending on the degree of its readiness. The more humus it contains, the more benefit it will have. The fertilizing effect of manure in any case remains in the soil for several years.

If we want to enjoy the products of our garden for a long time, we should take care of feeding it in time. right time, and for this you need to know how to fertilize the garden in spring, as well as at other times of the year. As long as there is fresh soil in the garden, he will be able to do without fertilizers, but after several crops and harvests he already has to think about how to feed both the plants and the soil.

Purchased fertilizers

The first thing to know about fertilizing before buying fertilizer for the garden in the spring is to choose the correct composition. Practically on every package with additives, the composition of the minerals and other useful substances included in it is written. Firstly, for dense foliage, all plants need nitrogen, phosphorus - for the development of the root system, potassium is indispensable for fruit plants and trees. The levels of these substances can vary widely in the various fertilizers sold in horticultural stores. The most common remedies include superphosphate, Kristalon, Nitroammofosk, etc. Many mixtures are capable of nourishing plants for up to twelve months, it is enough to add them to the soil just once, so you don't have to worry too much about fertilizing the garden in the spring before planting.

In winter, not much nitrogen gets into the soil, so when thinking about how to fertilize the garden in spring, you should take care of this element. Fertilizers are both liquid and granular, in the form of powders and mixtures, here everyone is guided by personal preferences. Liquid equivalents are convenient because they can be mixed with water in specific proportions and sprayed onto plants. At the same time, they can be used much more often, every two weeks, so that the garden can flourish all summer and delight with good harvests.

Natural fertilizers

Many are wondering if there is a more natural fertilizer for the garden in the spring? If you prefer organic, you can use animal by-products as well as vegetable waste. Today, there are unique mixtures with the addition of chicken manure, seaweed and others. organic matter... Despite the rather unpleasant smell, such fertilizers are considered one of the most useful and environmentally friendly both for the plants themselves and for our health.

If you have pets, especially cats, it is recommended that you bury organic fertilizers well, as they are especially sensitive to odors and some of the ingredients may be of interest to them.

If you are interested in good fertilizer for the garden in spring, compost can be made on their own... If you know a farmer, ask him for a bag of horse manure, put it in a barrel of water and after a while you will have an excellent liquid fertilizer. Compost can also be made from sheep manure, fishmeal or seaweed. If you are a fisherman, you do not need to worry about fertilizing your garden with vegetables in the spring. Just save the fish leftovers and crush them into small particles.

You can also breed worms, which help to loosen the soil, thereby promoting better moisture penetration and providing good access to the root system of plants.

Healthy plants are better able to resist various diseases and negative environmental influences, so the issue of fertilization is vital for your plants. And despite the fact that there are many adherents to fertilize the soil in the fall, before spring planting it is equally important to pay attention to this. In the best way, useful for the garden - fertilize twice a year.

For those who are interested in how to fertilize a vegetable garden in spring, a table with a schedule and the exact amount of necessary substances for a particular soil can help.