To make payment for the services of cold and hot water supply, the data on the water used in the meter must be converted to the appropriate instances. Before transferring information, you need to learn how to read the testimony from the water meter. We will help solve this problem.

Types of water meters

There are only two types of counters for water, to deal with them will not be much difficulty. They differ in between the color of the labeling and the inscriptions on them:

1. Black or blue. The counter is designed to account cold water.
2. Red. The counter is designed to take into account hot water.

Using the Red Counter for Cold Water Accounting is not prohibited, so there are two identical meters nearby at the same time. To refuse the testimony correctly and transfer them to the Vodokanal service you need to determine which counter refers to cold, and what to hot water.

How to determine which counter is cold and what a hot

If there is a red marking on both water meters, then it should be determined which one of them. For this, there are two ways to determine the meter belonging to hot or cold water supply:

• Location relative to each other. According to the standard, the meter on cold water should be located below relatively hot. This condition is not mandatory, so when installing counters can be located as convenient to the master. This can create difficulties with the definition of where which counter.
• Turning on water. To accurately determine which counter refers to cold water, regardless of their location relative to each other, the crane of cold water should be opened. After opening the crane, one of the counters will start rotating, this will be a meter on cold water.

Figures on the meter

On water meters there are 8 rotating cells on which the numbers are displayed, they constitute the meter readings necessary for the transfer of water.

The last three cells display liters of used water. The first five refer to cubic meters.

After reaching numbers 999 on the last three cells, they are reset, and the fifth cell is screwed to the figure 1. As water is used, the achievement of the number 9 on the cell leads to the transition of the left sector by +1.

What are the figures to consider when transferring meter readings

When transferring the meter readings to the Vodokanal service, you should record the data in the first five cells. You do not need to record the last three, but you can round the fifth digit into their account.

Example. If such data is noted at the meter 00213 621, such data can be filed with the Vodokanal service: 00213 or such: 00214 in favor of rounding to liters.

Accounting water consumption

If you use a new meter, then the water consumption is not necessary for the month, it is displayed on the first five cells and corresponds to cubic meters. If the readings are removed not for the first time, then subtract from the new readings of the previous counter.

Example. If such data is noted on the meter: 00213 621, and in the last period of delivery of the testimony were: 00208 002, then you can calculate the consumption by simply subtraction: 00214 (taking into account rounding to liters) - 00208 \u003d 6 cubic meters.

When transmitting data on used water, readings from a cold and hot counter are summed up, and readings from a hot counter are indicated as heated water in cubic meters.

Example. If water consumption on the cold meter is 6 cubic meters. m, and hot 2 cubic meters. m, then cold water consumption is calculated as follows: 6 cubic meters. M + 2 cubic meters. M \u003d 8 cubic meters. m. Water heating is placed in the volume of 2 cubic meters. m.

Payment for sewers is carried out for the volume of hot and cold water used together, i.e. Will be 8 cubic meters. m.

On the video about the right removal of water meters

To take into account the water consumption according to the meter readings is not independently difficult. Indications transferred to Vodokanal should be recorded for ease of consumption of consumption in the next period.

The calculation of hot water systems is to determine the diameters of pipelines of the supply and circulation, selection of water heaters (heat exchangers), generators and heat batteries (if necessary), determining the instrumental pressure on the input, selection of rising and circulation pumps, if necessary.

The calculation of the hot water system consists of the following sections:

The calculated costs of water and heat are determined and on the basis of this power and size of water heaters.

Calculation of the feed (distribution) network in water-based mode is performed.

The hot water network is calculated in circulation mode; The possibilities of using natural circulation are determined, and if necessary, the parameters are determined and the selection of circulation pumps is selected.

In accordance with the individual task for coursework and thesis design, the batteries, the coolant network can be calculated.

2.2.1. Determining the estimated costs of hot water and heat. Selection of water heaters

To determine the surface of heating and further selection of water heaters, hourly expenses of hot water and heat are required, for calculating pipelines - the second hot water expenses.

In accordance with paragraph 3, SNiP 2.04.01-85, the second and time spending of hot water are determined by the same formulas as for cold water supply.

The maximum second hot water consumption on any settlement section of the network is determined by the formula:

- Second hot water consumption by one device, which is determined by:

a separate device - according to the mandatory application 2;

various devices serving the same consumers - by Appendix 3;

various devices serving various water consists - by the formula:

, (2.2)

- Second hot water consumption, l / s, one water treatment device for each consumer group: is accepted by Appendix 3;

N i is the number of waterborne devices for each type of water consumption;

- the probability of devices defined for each group of water consumables;

a - the coefficient determined by Appendix 4, depending on the total number of devices N on the network site and the probability of their action P, which is determined by the formulas:

a) with the same water consumables in buildings or construction

, (2.3)

where
- Maximum hourly consumption of hot water in 1 l by one water consumer, is accepted by Appendix 3;

U is the number of hot water consumers in a building or building;

N is the number of devices serviced by the hot water supply system;

b) with different groups of water consumables in buildings of various purposes

, (2.4)

and N i are values \u200b\u200brelating to each group of consumers of hot water.

The maximum hour consumption of hot water, m 3 / h is determined by the formula:

, (2.5)

- hourly consumption of hot water with one device, which is determined by:

a) with the same consumers - by Appendix 3;

b) at different consumers - by the formula

, l / s (2.6)

and
- values \u200b\u200brelated to each type of consumers of hot water;

value determined by the formula:

, (2.7)

- The coefficient determined by Appendix 4, depending on the total number of devices N in the hot water supply system and the probability of their action P.

Mid-day hot water consumption , m 3 / h, for the period (day, shift) of maximum water consumption, is determined by the formula:

, (2.8)

- The maximum daily consumption of hot water in 1 l by one water consumer, is accepted by Appendix 3;

U - the number of consumers of hot water.

The amount of heat (thermal flow) for the period (day, shift) of maximum water consumption for the needs of hot water supply, taking into account heat loss, is determined by the formulas:

a) for the maximum hour

b) over average hour

and - maximum and average hourly consumption of hot water in m 3 / h, determined by formulas (2.5) and (2.8);

t C - the calculated temperature of cold water; In the absence of data in the building T is taken equal to + 5ºС;

Q HT - heat loss with feed and circulating pipelines, kW, which are determined by the calculation depending on the lengths of pipelines, the outer diameters of the pipes, the temperature difference of hot water and the surrounding pipeline of the medium and the heat transfer coefficient through the pipe walls; This takes into account the efficiency of pipe heat insulation. Depending on these, heat loss values \u200b\u200bare given in various reference manuals.

When calculating the term projects of heat loss q HT feed and circulating pipes allowed to be taken in the amount of 0.2-0.3 on the amount of heat required for the preparation of hot water.

In this case, formula (2.9) and (2.10) will take a look:

a), kW (2.11)

b), kW (2.12)

A smaller percentage of heat loss is accepted for systems without circulation. In most civilian buildings, high-speed sectional water heaters are used with productivity variable, i.e. with adjustable coolant consumer. Such water heaters do not require heat-battery tanks and are calculated on the maximum watch thermal flow.
.

The selection of water heaters is to determine the surface of the heating of coils by the formula:

, m 3 (2.13)

K - the heat transfer coefficient of the water heater, is accepted according to Table 11.2; For high-speed water heaters with brass heating tubes, the value K can be taken within 1200-3000 W / m square, ºС, and the smaller is accepted for instruments with a smaller diameter of the sections;

μ is the coefficient of heat transfer coefficient through the heat exchange surface due to deposits on the walls (μ \u003d 0.7);

- the estimated difference in the temperatures of the coolant and heated water; For countercurrent high-speed water heaters
º is determined by the formula:

, ºС (2.14)

ΔT b and Δt M is a large and smaller difference in temperature of the coolant and heated water at the ends of the water heater.

The parameters of the coolant in the winter settlement period, when the heating networks of buildings work are taken in the supply pipe 110-130 ºС and in the reverse -70, the parameters of the heated water during this period t C \u003d 5ºC and T C \u003d 60 ... 70 ºC. IN summer period Heating light only for the preparation of hot water; The parameters of the coolant during this period in the supply pipe 70 ... 80 ºC and in the reverse 30 ... 40 ºC, the parameters of the heated water and T c \u003d 10 ... 20 ºC and and t c \u003d 60 ... 70 ºC.

When calculating the surface of the heating of the water heater, it may happen that the summer period will be defining when the temperature of the coolant is below.

For capacitive water heaters, the calculation for the temperature difference is determined by the formula:

, ºC (2.15)

t n and t to - the initial and final temperature of the coolant;

t H and T C - the temperature of hot and cold water.

However, capacitive water heaters are used for industrial buildings. They occupy a lot of space, in these cases can install outdoors.

The coefficient of heat transfer for such water heaters, according to Table 11.2, is 348 W / m 2 ºC.

The number of standard sections of water heaters is determined:

, Piece (2.16)

F is the estimated surface of the heating of the water heater, m 2;

f is the surface of the heating of one section of the water heater, is accepted by Appendix 8.

Power loss in a high-speed water heater can be determined by the formula:

, m (2.17)

n is a coefficient that takes into account the overgrowing of the tubes is adopted according to experimental data: in their absence, with one cleaning of the water heater in the year N \u003d 4;

m is the hydraulic resistance coefficient of one section of the water heater: at a length of section 4 m m \u003d 0.75, with a length of section 2 m m \u003d 0.4;

n B is the number of water heater sections;

v is the speed of movement of heated water in the water heater tubes without taking into account their overgrowth.

, m / s (2.18)

q h - maximum second water consumption through a water heater, m / s;

W Society - the total area of \u200b\u200bthe live cross section of the water heater tubes is determined by the number of tubes received by Appendix 8 and the diameter of the tubes received 14 mm.

One of the largest municipal payments is the heating fee, or it is also called DHW, that is, hot water supply. Until 2012, the heating fee was calculated on the basis of a cubic meter of hot water supplied to the residential. But after 2012, new regulatory acts were adopted, which established a new DHW calculation system.

Legislation on payment for hot water services. Photo No. 1.

The main regulatory act that regulates the issues of calculating the cost of hot water is the government decree under the number of 1149 2012. Based on it, two components are used with all calculations:

• calculation of the amount of cold water, which is used for heating;
• calculation of the amount of energy that is necessary for heating the cold water.

It is also necessary to take into account the energy indicator. In different settlements, gas can be used, coal, or as an alternative, the DHW can be supplied to residential apartments from thermal power plants (there water turns into steam to turn turbines that produce electrical energy and after steam condenses in hot water It is served in residential buildings).

You need to know that modern thermal counters fix the number of water passed through them, as well as its temperature.

How to remove the meter readings?

The calculation of the amount of heat obtained by residential premises depends on the correctness of the meter testimony, as well as accruals for its payment. In most cases, communal enterprises providing such services are trying to collect as much money from tenants, and sometimes they have more than it was really consumed.

At the moment there are two types of counters that are engaged in fixing heat.

1. General one. They show the total number of hot water that went into the house, taking into account the two indicators about which was talked above. Based on this, residents of apartment buildings can beat the total amount of the resulting heat to the whole house.
2. Individual. These accounting instruments can be installed in the apartments of the residents, and they will also fix the amount of water received, as well as its temperature.

Based on this, it is necessary to write data on the number of water and its temperature at the entry point.

It is important to remember that you need to take testimony from heat meters together with employees of utility enterprises that provide these services.

Now consider the question of how to produce costs for the resulting heat. In this case, you need to operate with indicators of general and individual accounting devices.

Calculation of general costs

Under the generalized costs of heat meant the losses of the coolant from various leaks of engineering systems, poor insulation of pipes and risers (when there are 80 degrees at the inlet, and 50 degrees comes to apartments).

Thanks to these losses and the calculation of general costs. That is, the temperature difference is taken at the entrance of hot water into the house, as well as when it is admitted to residential premises. Common heat loss should not exceed 10 degrees. It is laid in the tariff. If this figure is more, then it is believed that the house is badly insulated.

Also, this indicator is a limit for apartment house. Its exceeding leads to an increase in the cost of hot water, so management companies are obliged to modernize the engineering networks, according to which heat is supplied to the apartment.

Formula for calculating the cost of heat for the apartment

Now you can withdraw the formula to calculate the cost of heat for.

To begin with, it is necessary to calculate the incoming heat on the general gauge accounting. This occurs according to the following formula - C \u003d A / B, where C is the number of hygocalorials, and is the amount of the resulting coolant, B is the amount of water received.

After removing this indicator, it is necessary to remove the readings of the apartment thermal accounting device (the amount of water obtained) and multiply it on C. It turns out the value of M. Next, M must be multiplied by the set tariff, and add a component to the resulting amount, with which water is being heated (for example, Gas, coal).

Thus, the cost of heat will be calculated for a particular apartment.

Payment of the cost of thermal energy should be carried out only for the period when residential premises were heated. If the residential premises is not equipped with a gas water heater, then the fee for hot water, which comes for household needs, will be made every month on the set tariffs.

If the house is not equipped with accounting devices, then all calculations will conduct an enterprise that provides services for heat supply of residents of apartment buildings.

It should be understood that the tariff for each region is different, since it is formed by municipal authorities and depends on the total costs that go to heating water.

Most Frequently Asked Questions

How to resolve controversial issues of payment of hot water consumption? Photo number 3.

Speaking about heating, citizens are interested in the following questions.

How to act if the apartment comes with a low temperature, insufficient for heating. In this case, you need to invite representatives of the management company, an enterprise that delivers heat and compile an act of a claim in which to specify the real temperature and require recalculation for not the service provided.

The second question, how to do, if they must pay less consumer calculations, and the widths for heat come overshadowed. Here will also help the claim by the Supplier of such services in which it is necessary to conduct examples of calculations, and also require recalculation of all accruals.

The growth of cities leads, first of all, to an increase in apartment buildings and, accordingly, to an increase in the inhabitants of the metropolis. Providing citizens with water, electricity and gas produced centrally, but even in one area of \u200b\u200bthe city may differ. Paying receipts from housing and communal services, consumers are gnawing the worm of doubts how true tariffs are exposed and expenses are counted.

Water meter calculator, from the federal antimonopoly service of the Russian Federation

Some time ago, a separate service for tariffs worked in Russia. Since 2015, it has been abolished as an independent division and included in the antimonopoly service, the Department of "Prices and Tariffs". Any citizen of Russia can learn tariffs for cold or hot water vacation for own house. All data on the regions flock to the site: http://fas.gov.ru/, in the section "Calculator Housing and communal services".

Water payment calculator in the counter, work order:

• log in to the site and go to the "Housing Housing Calculator" tab, it is right below under the "Important Information" heading;
• on the page that opens, click the button "Go to the calculation" button, select your region on the map, and again proceed to the calculation;

• enter the municipal area of \u200b\u200bthe consumer to the appropriate string;
• introduce a month whose tariffs are interested;
• fill out lines by living conditions and note the service of interest: water disposal, water supply, heating, etc.;
• selecting water in the meter, it is necessary to note the service provider at the place of residence and to put water consumption over the calculation period;

• in the reversal of interest to the service of interest, for example, "cold water supply", noted which calculation is necessary - by residential premises or one;
• select the method of calculating the counter or standards;

• calculations can be continued by selecting a different service in the underlying list, such as "hot water supply", and get the necessary data.

If the fee for water in the counter, its tariff must comply with the specified on the site, is higher than the calculated on the Internet resource, you will have to contact the executive. Data on prices and tariffs are regularly updated, when the information is delayed, we advise you to report this to the site of the FAS RF. The appeal is sent through the "Write to FAS Russia" tab.

Calculation of payment for water in a meter through the website of the GU of Moscow

The All-Russian Portal does not reflect information on the costs of maintenance, repair and hiring of a residential building. Moscow residents on the site can make data on the costs of utility resources on individual accounting devices and fulfill the preliminary calculation of the services.

The order of working with the portal:

• enter the page and find the "Services" tab;
• select a line "Transfer data to IPU";
• in the window that opens, click on the "Calculator Housing Hospital" manual;
• in the proposed table, make the required data, the basic information is reflected in a single payment document;
• when you click the tab with the service, which is expected to calculate, goes to the following table;

• by calculating the same service, you can go to the next, etc.;
• as a result, the lower line will reflect the full amount needed to pay housing and communal services.

How do generalive needs are calculated in apartment buildings equipped with IPU and

Most of all complaints come from residents to the overestimated amounts of payment. It seems that it seems difficult, deduct from the testimony of the counter at the entrance to the building, the fact that the tenants consume, and the rest distribute according to the apartment area. But here, there are many loophole lasers. Moreover, not only by the management companies.

In the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354, paragraph 44, determined the maximum amount of services on the OND for the living space, based on the regulatory consumption for the needs of the house. Managing organizations or DAYs independently conclude agreements with performers for the supply of utility resources. Accordingly, it takes responsibility for the full payment of letting of water or electricity. If, after calculations with the tenants, the housing offices remain unemployed volumes of resources, it will make them look for bars in pipelines or to determine the negligent payers.

When delivering resources directly from the artist, all unaccounted IPU volumes are on the shoulders of residents at home. These are unregistered tenants, and old water supply networks, and fraud with counters. Despite this, the decline in its own costs for utility payments, already a considerable help for citizens. Our company will help the owners of apartments of multi-storey houses, establish and put into operation modern water meters with the possibility of remote reading of indications.

How the cost of heat gkal and a cube of hot water is calculated on the meter. In the previous article, we calculated the cost of heat gkal for the house, in which there are no centralized hot water. Now let's try to figure out how correctly calculate the cost of the hot water cube and charge payment for hot water in the heat meter.

Device of hot water systems in residential high-rise buildings.

First, we will define how your hot water system is arranged.

Hot water systems There are open and closed type. As the title of the hot water supply system of an open type is a way to obtain hot water, in which you simply select hot water from the heating system.

An open-type hot water system is used mainly in large cities when heat is obtained from CHP - thermal power plants.

On the CHP, the water is turned into pairs, steam turns the turbine, turning the kinetic energy of steam into electricity, condenses again turning into water and this water is used for heating. Respectively water and warmth in water For CHP, the product of by-production, it is easier to say waste.

Theoretically, it is not a pity, with the help of additional pumps it is served in our homes, and only therefore the selection of hot water is allowed from such heating systems. So, by the way, one of the answers, why in large cities heat is cheaper than in small. But back to the topic of our article.

How the cost of the Cuba hot water is calculated along the heat meter.

Here, for example, it is taken in which accounting is carried out by the KM-5 heat meter, although this heat metering scheme for hot water heating can be implemented on any of the manufactured heat meters - heat meter ink7, the production of NPF warmth, the heat meter of TSRV CJSC take off, the heat-conducting switch of the SPT 961 CJSC NPF Logic, Heat meter ESCO-T CJSC Energoservice Company 3E, Heat meter TMK-N NGOs Prompribor Kaluga, Heat meter MCTS Intelpribor LLC and others.

In this car accounting scheme, the flow meter (water meter) G3 takes into account the amount of water used on waters The temperature of the hot water is accepted by the feed pipe. Cold water temperature is programmed. The amount of heat for calculating the cost of a hot water cube, consumed residential house, calculate like this:

— G3 x T1-TX / 1000 \u003d Q Gkal.

Here and then we neglect the pressure of water in the heating system and hot water supply, it does not affect the final result, in heat meters, to reduce installation costs and the pressure of water pressure usually programmed.

In theory hot water consumption G3 m3 from heat meter It should be equal to the total amount of hot water consumed by residents in the apartment counters of hot water - water meters.

But we often steal water, looking with huge magnets, selecting water through the purification filter installed to water meters and other methods. The craftsmen in Russia have always grabbed. How to deal with them and about various methods Theft of water can be read here.

Further the resulting amount of heat, spent on the heating of hot water Q Gkal, multiply on the cost of 1 heat gkal and divide on the total amount of water submitted by residents. We get the cost of cube hot water. In the same systems (we are talking about the hot water supply system of an open type) there can be a slightly different method of heat metering and the number of hot water consumed by residents of a residential building. Although the method of calculating the cost of the hot water cube remains unchanged.

Here, the amount of hot water is calculated as the difference between the flow of water in the feed and reverse pipeline of the heating system G1 and G2. At the same time, the formula for calculating the cost of a hot water cube takes a slightly different kind.

(G1- G2) X T3-TX / 1000 \u003d Q Gkal.

We will not criticize the manufacturers of heat meters, although it seems to us the second way more accurate, because here the temperature of the hot water is measured more accurately. In any case, the HOA or the management company is calculated with the heat supplier for the total heat consumed.

Tszh. or management company self divides heat to heating and hot water And calculates the cost of cube hot water. It will only be disturbed, the one who has consuming less hot water can pay a little more expensive for it - than a wasteful neighbor.