Autumn planting of fruit trees and bushes. Planting fruit trees and shrubs

07.04.2019 Garden furniture

The matter is more complicated than it seems at first glance. Back in 1909 gardening instructor J. Pengerot in an article with the expressive title "In the fall or spring to plant trees?" put forward interesting arguments on this topic.

Wise thought

"The autumn planting works the better, the sooner it is possible to do it."

Confused business

“There is no doubt that a newly planted tree is more sensitive to frost than an already rooted one, and therefore the preponderance to the side spring planting, not autumn.

Although an autumn planting cannot be considered impossible either ... The tree should be planted only at a time when it has stopped growing, when during the summer the shoots that have grown are fully strengthened and matured, that is, starting from September to October (the farther south, the earlier you can start transplant; for example, in the Saratov province, you can start at the end of August); in the spring, now, as the earth has thawed, until the buds begin to open. "

The information is correct, but it is not yet clear: autumn or spring? However, further the author tells about his experience "in the Baltic region and other northern provinces."

Autumn wins

“Having been gardening and planting trees for over 25 years ... my stance was that I always gave preference to planting in the fall, except when it was necessary to plant in extremely clayey, moist soil. If landing is made early autumn, as already mentioned above, at a time when the tree, although it stopped growing, but the sap movement in it has not finally stopped, it will have time to give young roots before the onset of frost, and also the cuts of the roots partially float. Such a tree will overwinter well and will start growing quickly next spring. The later the transplant is carried out, the less the tree has time to take root and is taken more slowly in the spring, and sometimes in winter, part of it dies from severe frosts. For trees planted in autumn, it is necessary to cut off the leaves so that they do not evaporate the reserve moisture, since the perception of nutrients stops before the appearance of new roots.

True, in very cold areas and on damp cold soils, it should be planted in the spring, because during autumn planting, groundwater can adversely affect the roots of new plantings. In hot countries, even on wet soil, spring planting has its bad sides: if it is not possible to resort to frequent watering, then the summer heat soon dries up the soil, and newly planted trees often die or are poorly accepted. "

Confirmation from the Volga region

“Autumn plantings, gardeners assured me, completely perish in the very first winter.

I did not believe it, and when, finally, in the fall of 1908, I had the opportunity to plant in two gardens ... For the final decision controversial issue I planted in the fall. I planted 60 apple trees and 10 pears in each garden in the first half of September - at the end of October I covered them with dry weeds from the bottom to the very tops in a thin layer, and - transferred them to the power of winter. In one garden, the trees were all taken up, in the other - 2 apple trees and 2 pears perished ”.

In the summer, the author of the article visited neighboring lands, where seedlings from the same nursery were planted in the spring. He saw the following picture: "About 50% of apple trees and the same number of pears represented a healthy look, about 10% of apple trees and 50% of pears died, and the rest of the apple trees are still between life and death, despite the fact that the spring was favorable."

Based on materials from the magazine "Progressive gardening and horticulture"

* the article deals only with seedlings with an open root system

Personal experience

Prepare the sleigh in summer

Frost on bare ground is a dream of many summer residents in their nightmares. Especially for those who can only visit their garden on weekends. And for those who, like me, managed to plant a lot of heat-loving plants - and even more so!

Since during my gardening I managed to “step on the same rake” more than once, meeting frost without snow with useless groaning and throwing, then recently I made it a rule to prepare for a possible sharp cold snap in advance. I hope my experience will be useful to other summer residents.

Firstly, plants that will have to be covered for the winter are best prepared for this early, even if the aesthetics of the garden will suffer from this. For example, bend and lightly sprinkle large-leaved hydrangeas with earth, lay climbing and shrub roses until their branches become brittle from the cold. It will not hurt to throw on a non-woven material: in the absence of snow from frost, it, of course, will not save, but it will help "soften the blow" with a sharp drop in temperature.

Secondly, it is imperative to mulch the trunks of thermophilic trees and shrubs. A layer of organic matter 10-15 cm thick will protect their roots from frost. For lovers of "sour", for example, rhododendrons, azaleas and magnolias, you can use peat, coniferous litter, sawdust. For others, compost, grass cuttings, fallen leaves. This can be done in September or October, without haste and without making a rush on the eve of severe frosts. I also mulch the soil in perennial flower beds. In the event of a sharp cold snap, the wet earth literally "explodes", which often leads to damage to the root system. And a thick layer of mulch will save you from this trouble.

Thirdly, it is worth preparing a "strategic stock" of free covering material - fallen leaves. Oak are best suited, but in the absence of such, you can use any that is at hand. I usually cut out half an hour, scoop up the foliage under the nearby trees and collect it in large garbage bags. In the event of a sudden cold snap, it is enough to cover the cut perennials with leaves - they will serve as insulation instead of snow.

S. A. Gulyaeva, Moscow region

Regardless of whether the summer resident has acquired empty land or has long been the owner of a chic plot, planting fruit trees not blowjob anyone. Some will create the garden of their dreams, others will rejuvenate it. All work must be done according to the rules and on time.

About the rules and timing of planting fruit trees

To Orchard developed well, its bookmark is carried out taking into account rationalism, acting in the following sequence:

first determine the optimal place for each seedling;
carry out pre-planting site preparation;
mark places for each tree;
digging holes and planting plants in them;
watered and pruned.

When choosing a landing site, you should take into account the location of the neighboring site. Tall trees cannot be planted near adjacent fences - they will shade someone else's territory. Do not place them near buildings either - in the future, the branches will lie on the roof and can damage the roof.

Fruit trees

It will also be inconvenient to prune and harvest such trees. In addition, there is additional (laborious) work to collect fallen leaves. If you do not remove it from the roof in time, then this leaf fall will begin to rot there.

Dwarf trees, like shrubs, can be safely placed under vigorous crops (apple and pear). They will not interfere with each other's development.

Pleasant neighborhood

When choosing crops for their garden, stone and pome breeds are placed separately from each other at a considerable distance (as far as garden plot). This will facilitate the fight against fruit tree diseases and pests.

When choosing a neighborhood, take into account the compatibility of plants:

the apple tree gets along well with pears, plums, quince, cherries; next to some shrubs (currants, barberry, viburnum, mock orange, lilac), the culture feels uncomfortable;
it is better to plant a pear with others like you and apple trees, trying to avoid being close to the already mentioned shrubs - they oppress the culture in the same way as the plum;
Cherry trees are best planted separately from other fruit trees, this will provide a better harvest.

On a note! The binding to the "wind rose" is important. Peaches, apricots and cherries are best planted in southern, southwestern directions. For the rest, the most comfortable is the northern side of the site. Although in this case it is also worth considering the region.

So, in the suburbs and other regions of central Russia, most often the western and north-western shreds of the site are allocated for the garden. Southerners prefer exclusively the north - this way you can protect the trees from overheating.

In the northern zone, naturally, the most appropriate place- the southern corner of the dacha. Not a single specialist assigns an eastern allotment for a garden plantation, leaving it for building a house.

Note! When choosing a place, you need to take into account the relief. Do not plant a slope with a garden if it is too steep - the fertile layer will constantly be washed out from under the roots. It is also worth ignoring the lowlands, where melt water accumulates in the spring, and the wood is damaged by fragments of slipping ice.

Transplanting trees

You can grow a garden in one place for decades. But sometimes there comes a time when it is necessary to transplant fruit trees to another area. Only viable plants suitable for fruiting are selected.

To plant mature tree to a new place, he is prepared for the "move" in advance. 1-2 years before that, a groove is dug around the plant, located along the circumference of the crown. The width of the recess is 0.3-0.4 m, the depth is 0.8-1 m. This work is done in early spring.

In the process, roots are exposed, which are cut off from the general system. The sections are treated with a clay-earthen mash, to which a growth stimulator should also be added.

The ditch is covered with earth mixed with humus and watered abundantly. From this moment until the excavation, many fibrous processes are formed on the roots around the trunk. With their help, the plant will take root in a new place.

During such transplants, the main difficulty lies in extracting the tree from the old pit. To do everything neatly, you will have to use a leverage system. The removed plant is immediately transferred to a new place, where a spacious pit has already been prepared for it.

Transplanting a fruit tree

It is best to replant trees no older than 5 years. But this option is not suitable for everyone. cultivated plants... To preserve the variety of cherries, plums, pears, apple trees, it is better to graft them on a younger tree. There are 3 main ways of grafting: budding, grafting, ablating, allowing you to maintain (or improve) the variety.

Timing

Each summer resident determines the time of disembarkation for himself. For some, April - the first decade of May is suitable, others are more satisfied with October. Recently, there have been such enthusiasts that they plant fruit trees in the summer.

Note! Horticultural laws recommend planting stone fruit in spring and pome fruit in autumn.

But experienced gardeners argue that this condition should not be adhered to so strictly. The main thing in landing garden trees- comply with the rules of agricultural technology and maintain the layout of crops.

When to plant: in spring or autumn

Novice summer residents often wonder when it is better to plant fruit trees: in spring or autumn. To choose the optimal time for gardening, first of all, you should take into account the climatic region:

Having chosen a suitable month of planting for yourself, it is recommended to look into Moon calendar, which is published annually in periodicals to help "junior gardening". The astrological document indicates best days when planting fruit crops is recommended.

Do not ignore this information, because they have been using this method since ancient times (and not only in Russia). The moon actively influences all biological processes taking place on Earth, this fact has been proven by science.

Planting fruit trees in summer

Among modern summer residents there are those who do not like the investigator's stereotypes. They also practice the planting of garden trees in the summer. In addition, at the present time, this can be done without detriment to the trees.

An earlier argument against summer period the weather was hot, preventing normal rooting. But then the seedlings were sold exclusively with an open root system, which, indeed, is more comfortable to take root at low temperatures in well-moistened soil.

Now nurseries sell trees in containers with soil mixture, and the plant is no longer so important at what temperature it is sent to the pit. The roots are well protected and do not dry out.

Soil mixture

If an automated standardized irrigation system is laid on the site, then summer is even preferable for planting. June is considered a suitable month. You need to choose the days based on the phases of the moon. You should wait for the second or third quarter of the activity of the night luminary in order to plant seedlings of fruit trees.

The temperature of the soil is also taken into account. If it is above 25 degrees Celsius, planting work in summer should be carried out either early in the morning (at 6-8 o'clock), or late in the evening, but before sunset. This will keep the root system from burning and allow the plant to adapt better.

Seasoned gardeners highlight the following benefits of summer tree planting:

you can choose a suitable planting material without haste - in summer there is no such influx of farmers in nurseries;
during the growing season, it is easier to evaluate all the advantages of the purchased trees;
saplings of summer planting have time to take root before cold weather and are more resistant to winter than those planted in autumn.

Important! In order for young trees to endure the winter frosts, all the ovaries that have appeared on the plant should be removed during summer planting. Otherwise, they will take excess juices from the seedling on themselves and weaken it.

Conditions for planting seedlings

The rules for planting fruit trees are common for all seasons. Therefore, the gardener just needs to follow these instructions:

the pits are prepared in advance - 2 weeks before planting the seedlings; this is necessary so that the excavated earth has time to ventilate;
the size of the excavation is determined by the type of soil and the type of fruit trees;
the walls are formed vertically, and the bottom is loosened onto a shovel bayonet;
when forming a hole, the top layer of earth is laid separately from the bottom - it will need to be mixed with organic fertilizers(peat, manure, compost, humus) and lay on the bottom;
before the seedling is lowered into the hole, the roots are dipped in a chatterbox (clay solution with the addition of earth);
in the center of the pit, it is advisable to drive in a one and a half meter pointed stake, straight and smooth;
when planting a tree, it should be on the north side of the stake;
the roots are straightened and sprinkled with earth;
then the seedling is shaken and the soil is lightly crushed; this is repeated until the pit is filled with earth;
in case of subsidence, the condition is met - the root collar should rise above the ground by 3-4 centimeters;
tying a tree to a stake with a soft cloth, several holes are made along the edge of the pit, through which the plant is abundantly watered.

Note! If there is a close occurrence of groundwater on the site, then a layer of fertilized soil is not simply poured into the pit, but a ridge mound is formed from it, a seedling is lowered onto it.

At this point, the spring and summer planting can be considered complete. At autumn works the final stage is mulching the trunk circle with non-acidic peat or compost, 10 cm thick.

Soil acidity

Mechanical and chemical composition soil. The roots of fruit trees need a suitable breeding ground and comfortable conditions.

The most important parameter for the farmer is the ratio of cations and anions in the soil solution (pH reaction). These elements determine the acidity of the soil, which is indicated by the pH value.

The reaction of the soil is divided into 3 types: acidic, neutral and alkaline. The most promising land is with a neutral pH of 6-7. But a weakly acidic soil (pH 5-6) and slightly alkaline (pH 7-8) is quite suitable for a number of garden crops.

Increased acidity can be observed in regions with excessive precipitation (for example, the Leningrad and Moscow districts). High alkaline levels are more common in hot, dry areas.

Fruit trees

If the summer resident is not sure about the acidity of the soil in his area, he can take measurements with a potentiometer or use litmus paper. It will tell you the condition of the soil and the composition of the weeds growing there:

for a neutral reaction, typical garden thistle, field bindweed, creeping wheatgrass, chamomile;
high acidity is indicated by white-bean, highlander, starlet, mullein, pickle, plantain, horsetail, sorrel.

Ameliorants will help improve the property of the earth. The acidity can be lowered by adding lime, and increased with gypsum.

Planting in clay soil

Some garden crops give preference to sandy soils, others take root well on clayey, others are not particularly demanding on this factor... Many fruit trees do not tolerate heavy clayey and depleted sandy soils. Sandy loam and loam are optimal for them.

The peculiarities of tree planting and the frequency of watering depend on the mechanical composition. The most difficult thing is for agrarians with clay soil. It is difficult for plant roots to breathe in such soil. The density of the soil contributes to the long-term retention of moisture, which in the rainy season provokes the development of fungal diseases.

Clay soil

Dandelions, bluegrass, cinquefoil, creeping buttercup are indicators of heavy texture. Having found such a "community" of weeds on your site, it is necessary to carry out sanding before planting the seedlings: during preliminary digging of the site, river sand is added to the soil.

Clay soil is called structureless - it has an almost homogeneous composition. This interferes with water permeability. Therefore, such soil requires careful digging and regular loosening. Making this soil structural will allow the introduction of organic fertilizers during the preparation of the site for planting seedlings.

On a note! The introduction (along with fertilizers) of chopped straw or sawdust into the pit for planting fruit trees will help bring the soil composition closer to the loam.

A novice summer resident, in order to grow a gorgeous garden on clay, should take into account the advice of experienced farmers:

digging a clay area before planting seedlings is carried out twice: six months before digging holes and again 10 days before the main work;
the depth of the hole under the tree is made less than in fertile soil;
in this case, a clay mash for the roots is not used;
it is better to cover a seedling dropped into a hole with imported soil mixed with fertilizers;
after planting a tree, the ground is not crushed too much so that it does not become compacted.

Growing fruit trees will be the more successful, the more attentively the summer resident treats the conditions of agricultural technology. Are important right choice places, taking into account the composition of the soil, determination optimal time and compliance with the peculiarities of planting. This is the only way to get a good harvest.

When to plant seedlings of fruit trees - in spring or autumn? The opinions of gardeners regarding the timing of the purchase and planting of seedlings differ. Someone argues that it is best to buy seedlings in the fall, since at this time of the year there is a large selection of plants in nurseries. It is also believed that dug-in seedlings will be better preserved on the site in the fall. It should also be borne in mind that in the spring during the planting period, fruit trees may die due to inconsistent weather. Often it gets too hot in May, and the seedlings suffer from such extreme temperature fluctuations.

Nevertheless, many experts believe that trees planted in autumn will not get strong enough before winter and will simply freeze in the cold season. Along with freezing, they can be severely damaged by mice and hares. Animals harm not only planted, but also buried seedlings.

Optimal planting period

In what month is it better to plant seedlings of plants should be produced from April 15 to May 15. If you want to plant seedlings in the fall, this should be done no later than October 15th.

It is better to plant shrubs immediately in the place where they will always grow. This is necessary so that the plants have time to take root before the start of the growing season.

Conditions for planting trees

In what month is it better to plant fruit tree seedlings? Planting dates should be limited to a relatively warm season, when the air temperature exceeds 0 ° C. This is necessary for better plant survival (the formation of roots through which they receive moisture and the necessary survival time is from 2 to 2.5 months.

Often, plants planted in the fall and survived the winter die from excess moisture, because they do not have time to get stronger. This occurs as a result of long standing melt and rainwater, which makes it difficult for oxygen to reach fragile roots. This happens especially often on clay soils. All of this indicates that trees are best planted in spring. Trees should be repotted at rest, when they have already shed their leaves.

Most often it happens that nurseries and gardeners who grow planting material, due to certain circumstances, dig up plants in the fall. Therefore, at this time, a fairly large selection of plants appears on the markets compared to spring.

Buying trees

Now that it has become clear in what month to plant seedlings of fruit trees, you can buy plants. Planting material should be chosen carefully, paying attention to their root system. The roots must be strong and well developed. It is best to buy a tree immediately with an earthy ball, while making sure it is moist enough is important. A seedling with a too dry root system may not take root and die. There should be no damage to the barrel. It is recommended to ask the seller where the seedling has the grafting site, as well as the root collar. It is important to get from him as much information as possible about the purchased fruit tree.

Transportation of fruit plants

How to properly transport purchased seedlings so as not to damage them? This question is especially relevant when buying large trees. The fruit tree must be carefully and neatly packed, paying special attention to the root system. Otherwise, when transported on the roof of a car, the plant will be severely damaged, and a good kindling for a fire will be delivered to the site instead of planting material.

The process of planting seedlings purchased in late autumn

In what month should seedlings of fruit trees be planted in the spring if they were purchased in late autumn? Such plants should be planted from about mid-April, when the soil has completely thawed out. To preserve trees until spring, they need to be dug in for the winter. This can be done both on site and in the subfield of the barn. Sprinkle the seedling with peat, earth, sand and sawdust. Before planting in a permanent place, the tree should not dry out or suffer from excess moisture. The plants should be kept in the shade, covered with boards so that the early spring rays of the sun do not burn them, and the buds do not begin to bloom before landing in a permanent place.

To dig in the plant, you need to make a hole about 50 cm deep. It is important that the south wall is beveled at an angle of 45 °. Seedlings should be laid on it. Then the roots are covered with earth, and more earth is sprinkled on top. The branches of the seedlings are tied and wrapped with branches of spruce branches (down with needles) to protect them from mice and other rodents. Simple elastic tights are also suitable for this.

When to plant seedlings of fruit trees in the spring, if they were dug in for the winter? It is imperative to wait for the ground to thaw. Frozen soil must not be removed from the trench, since it will not be possible to free the roots of the seedlings from it. When the weather is warm, the trees can be taken out, treated if desired with special agents, for example, a plant growth regulator, and transplanted to a permanent place.

What happens if it's wrong?

When to plant fruit tree seedlings in spring? The month and day for planting should be chosen, taking into account the recommendations given above, namely: in the spring the plants are planted from mid-April to mid-May, and in the fall - from September 15 to October 15. If you plant a seedling at a different time, it may die. The further life of the plant depends on the correct planting. For example, if planted in early autumn, they most likely will not survive the winter. Why? There may be 2 reasons: either the tree itself is not resistant to frost, or the planting of the seedling was done incorrectly. For example, during planting, the root collar was damaged, and the fruit plant threw all its strength into surviving, not having time to adapt to the cold. The degree of fruiting also depends on the depth of planting. Often, trees grow well but do not bear fruit. In this case, you need to look at the root collar. If it is below the soil, the excess soil must be removed by carefully digging in the plant and raising it to the required height.

The distance from the tree to the nearest building should be at least 5 m. The planting pit should be made of a large cylindrical shape. So the seedling will develop normally. The bottom of the pit must be loosened with a pitchfork. The tree must be planted strictly vertically, for this it is better to do it together. In the center of the planting hole, you can place a stake on the more windy side.

Where and when to plant fruit tree seedlings in spring? Plants such as apricots, peaches, cherries and grapes grow best on the south side. If the house is light, then the trees should be planted closer to its walls. They will additionally reflect heat to the trees. The apple tree can also be planted in the northern part.

In order for the first harvest to ripen faster on the fruit tree, at the very beginning of August, you can bend 1/3 of the length of the shoots into a ring at a distance of about 50 cm from each other and tie them up. They should be bent to the side where there is good lighting. Next spring shoots need to be untied. This method activates budding and increases the frost resistance of the fruit tree.

Tree transplant rules

When to plant fruit tree seedlings? It is better to replant plants in rainy or cloudy weather. If the weather is sunny and dry during the period of the work, the planted plants must be covered so that they are in the shade. In this case, planting success will be ensured: the plant will not get burned and will grow well.

To grow beautiful garden not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. It is enough to choose the right seedlings and correctly arrange them on the site. Planting of fruit trees and shrubs is carried out not only in spring, but also in autumn. Seedlings must not only be properly planted in open ground, but also choose the most suitable place for them with good soil, sufficient lighting and protection from drafts.

This article describes in detail the features of planting fruit trees and shrubs, the rules for selecting and preparing a site, and photos and videos will help to carry out this procedure correctly.

Planting fruit trees

Well maintained orchard is not only a wonderful decoration for your summer cottage, but also a rich source of vitamins.

It will take a lot of effort and time to grow it like that. And our article will also equip you with the necessary baggage of knowledge and rules that will help in the cultivation of an orchard.

rules

Sometimes it happens that the seedlings were of high quality, and the pits were prepared on time and appropriately, and the garden still did not start growing. Most often this comes from the ignorance of novice gardeners of the rules for placing seedlings. It is their strict observance that guarantees that all your efforts and costs invested in the future garden will not be wasted.

Landing fruit trees and shrubs held like this(picture 1):

The soil is prepared in advance, for example, for spring planting - in the fall, and provides for loosening the soil and applying fertilizers.
Immediately before transferring to the ground, the seedlings must be placed in water for several hours so that the root system has the opportunity to make a certain amount of moisture.
Damaged or too long roots should be trimmed smoothly.
The roots of the seedling should be freely placed in the hole.
It is not enough just to dig a hole of the right size: you also need to loosen its bottom and lay a layer of compost filled with fertilizer on it.
It is necessary to drive a support stake into the dug hole from the leeward side.
The soil that remains from digging a hole is mixed with compost, mineral and organic fertilizers, and sand. This substrate is used to fill the hole after planting a tree.
The seedlings are placed strictly vertically in the hole. If the tree is grafted, then the grafting site should be located above ground level at a height of 10 cm.
During planting, the pit is filled with prepared soil evenly, compacting it and carrying out intermediate watering.

Figure 1. Rules for planting seedlings

After planting the tree, it is necessary to form a watering circle. To do this, around the entire circumference of the hole, a mound is made in the form of a roller 5-7 cm high, and the trunk circle itself is mulched with organic matter (rotted manure, straw, raw compost). The planted tree must be watered abundantly and tied to a peg.

Peculiarities

When planning to lay a garden, you should start by cultivating the soil in the selected area: deep loosening of the soil and removing weeds, because in loose soil, seedlings grow quickly and begin to bear fruit much earlier. Then you need to decide on the size of the holes.

Note: For annual plants dig holes 50-60 cm deep and wide, for two-year-olds you will need a hole 110-120 cm wide and 60-70 cm deep.If the soil is heavy, then add 15-20 cm to all sizes.

If the soil has elevated level acidity, it must be calcified. For fertilization, organic and ash fertilizers are used. It is not recommended to use fresh or half-rotted manure, because if there is a lack of air in the soil, it decomposes and releases harmful substances that poison the entire plant.

Where to plant fruit trees on the site

When choosing a place for fruit crops, they pay attention to the relief, the nature of the soil, the depth of the groundwater, the possibility of protection from the wind. On his summer cottage give preference to a place with good illumination, which is not flooded by groundwater. So, the maximum height of standing groundwater for apple and pear is 1.5 m, for cherry and plum - 1 m.If the groundwater is high, drainage will have to be done (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Placement of fruit trees and shrubs on the site

It is known that gardens grow best on gentle slopes, but flat planting is not so effective. It is not recommended to lay a garden in hollows due to stagnation of cold air and excess water in them.

From which side of the world to plant fruit trees

An important role is played not only by the fact when to plant seedlings of fruit trees in spring or autumn, but also the side of the world where the garden will be located.

Experienced gardeners advise planting fruit trees on the south, south-east and south-west side of the site.

Landing types

The correct arrangement of plants in the garden, that is, the type of planting, is the most directly affects the survival rate of seedlings. Therefore, it is so important to imagine it in every detail before you start laying a garden. It is also necessary to calculate the distance between seedlings. The interval between them should be no less than the height of mature trees. It is in such conditions that plants will be more efficiently pollinated and bear fruit. It is also known that more fruits are formed on the side branches, therefore, the crowns of fruit trees should be shaped so that they grow wide (Figure 3).

Figure 3. The main types of planting of fruit trees: 1 - in groups, 2 - central arrangement of bouquets, 3 - checkerboard, 4 - row planting, 5 - row planting of different species, 6 - central planting of shrubs

However, you should be aware that in a too sparse arrangement, fruit trees are more susceptible to sunburn and frostbite, so they grow much worse. In this case, so-called "seals" are planted between tall fruit crops, that is, undersized fruit crops, for example, cherries or plums. They are not as durable as apple and pear trees, and therefore stop fruiting after 20 years of life and can be removed, since the crowns of tall trees by that time have already had time to fully form and grow.

When to plant fruit tree seedlings in spring

Timely planting of seedlings of fruit trees in the spring is important not only for their survival rate, but also for the subsequent growth and development of plants. The question arises when it is better to plant fruit trees and shrubs in the spring.

Since changes in nature occur very quickly, the air temperature rises, the soil dries out quickly, so early spring is considered the best time for the procedure, although in the southern regions it can be done in autumn. However, a crop such as cherry, when planted in autumn, often freezes, so it is necessary to plant it only in spring. Moreover, the earlier the tree is planted, the better and faster it will take root.

How to choose a landing site

When choosing a place for placing fruit crops, you should pay attention to several factors: the depth of groundwater, illumination and the presence of drafts. So, groundwater must lie at a depth of at least 1 m.Otherwise, trees will have to be placed on hills with a height of 60-120 cm.

It is known that fruit trees need a lot sunlight and heat, so it would be wise to choose a site that is well lit by the sun, preferably on the south side of the site. In addition, it should be borne in mind that young trees are afraid of drafts, so it is necessary to try to place the young garden under the protection of buildings. Experienced gardeners recommend not planting seedlings in the same place where fruit trees used to grow. The territory of the wasteland left after the uprooting of the garden must be sown with meadow or leguminous grasses for several years or completely change the soil in the pits.

Planting seedlings of fruit trees in the spring time frame

Spring planting should be carried out as much as possible early dates, the definition of which depends specifically on the seedling and weather conditions.

In any case, the work should be completed before the buds bloom on the trees (seedlings). The survival rate and development of culture in the future depends on this.

Planting fruit trees in spring: video

When to plant seedlings of fruit trees in spring and how to do it correctly, you can see in the video clip. Its author will give valuable practical advice on boarding, which will definitely be useful for beginners and experienced gardeners.

Planting seedlings of fruit trees in autumn

While spring planting is most commonly practiced, fall planting also has its benefits (Figure 4). For example, in the fall, it is much more profitable to purchase seedlings, since there is an opportunity to see the fruits that a certain variety gives. In addition, seedlings planted in the fall do not require much trouble, watering in dry weather will be enough. Their roots will continue to grow until the onset of stable frosts, which means that such a tree will grow earlier in the spring.

Figure 4. Rules for planting fruit crops in autumn

Most often, autumn procedures are practiced in the southern regions, where young plants are not threatened with hypothermia due to mild winters. However, you should remember about the vagaries of nature and understand the risk to the growth of autumn plantings. Severe frosts and wind, ice and snowfalls can not only lead to damage to seedlings, but also completely destroy them. Therefore, experts advise against planting such fruit crops in the fall as pear, apple, plum, apricot, peach, sweet cherry, almond and cherry.