When to plant the onions of the Sevkov in the spring. Looking onto the head in the spring in the open soil of the spit and seeds. The best primer and a suitable place for development
A small, young bow of the north, is designed to consume food, and as a material for seedling and growing large bulbs. Ideal for growing in the garden for receiving early harvest and use throughout the summer. Greens and all green vegetables are most useful for a person. Therefore, already at the very beginning of the spring, summer houses are purchased onion-noddes, in order to first land him into the open ground. When is it better to do, according to the garden calendar?
Fertilize every two or three weeks until the bow starts to form the bulbs and do not delay the soil stably wet. Onions shallow, - said Myers. "If this is allowed to dry, it is the result of early and small size." When the vertices begin to dry and fall, stop watering so that the bulbs are ripening in dry soil. After half of the vertices fell, wait about a week and the crop of bulbs. Cool them for a week or so, spreading into the sun and covering a sheet or a tarpaulter at night.
Spring onions were grown for a long time - the Egyptians were grown along the Nile during the pharaohs. One of the lightest vegetables for growing, onions sometimes confuse home gardeners in relation better type For your garden. You can lay out three forms of spring bow: seeds, grafts and bulbs.
When to plant onions in 2017. Right onions growing in Russia - a plant is bible. In the first year, the seed ripens the bow of the north having a spherical or spherical (round) form. Young, small bulbs more often grow / depending on the grade / white or light brown. In the first year, greenery germinates from the bulbs and a protective shell is formed during the growing season, in the second year internal leaf plates, Actually edible heads.
They give the greatest choice, but take longer - from 100 to 130 days from seeding. Grafts are just a young bow, for example, seedlings grown to the layout stage, then complete for sale. They grow faster, but are the most expensive and fragile option, since they are subject to shock of transport and transplantation.
- The bulbs are small, inactive onions, grown from seeds in the previous season.
- They will grow to a full-size bow about 2 months after landing.
- The onions of the north is a great addition to the spring and summer dishes, it is preferred to be used in the kitchen due to a gentle taste and crispy bulb, which is a source of vitamins A, B1, B2, C (in Schitt-Luke), E, \u200b\u200bK and PR.
- It also contains essential oils,
- prevent the development of streptococci or staphylococci and some bacteria, including Salmonella.
- No less important for the health of flavonoids, the most important - quercetin - has an antioxidant and anti-cancer effect, reduces cholesterol levels in the blood.
- The bow has a high sugar content (approx. 9%) and protein (1.4%).
- Contains a lot of calcium and potassium.
Prepaiming onion onion Sevka Spring
The bulbs are ideal for home gardener, as they guarantee a bow for use or storage within a few weeks after landing. Being a member of the allyium family, they are a natural tool from pests for most nursing animals in the home garden.
Optimal conditions for growing
Note. These parts are designed for growing onion bulbs, and not for green or onion. To grow green LucJust plant seeds and harvest when they are suitable for your use! Spring onions is usually sorted by the number of day hours required for growing bulbs; They are known as daytime neutral and long onion day. Daily neutral onions form bulbs good size With 12 - 14 hours of daylight, and a long day - 14 - 16 hours.
- Two weeks before landing
To disinfect the seaws from false mildew, to protect from the shorting and provide him with the best and rapid growth, it is heated for 10-15 days before landing during 8 hours at a temperature of 40-41 degrees.
- Per day before landing
So that the Sevop is faster than a sprouter, part of the dry cervix cut off, soak the lows for a day in water at temperatures up to 30 degrees. After that, the sevoration of 15 minutes is kept in a solution of manganese (2 g of 10 liters of water).
The above-mentioned map shows approximate latitudes where it is necessary to grow long onion. The day-neutral onion will also grow well in more northern states in spring and summer. Daily neutral onions, as a rule, sweeter and juicier than their long-standing analogues. Their higher level of sugar and water makes them the most suitable for cooking and immediate use instead of storage. They are best to land with early spring until mid-summer in the northern states and in early spring Up to late autumn in the southern.
From 12 to 14 hours of daylight a good light is formed. They can be grown in zones 5 to. Long bow is just the opposite with lower sugar and water, but a higher sulfur, which makes them best for storing and cooking. They are installed early in the middle and northern states for harvesting.
Luke Preparation Sevka to landing in spring: soaking
Before breaching, the north should be sorted out and remove from it the pendulous husk, sort the size. The bulbs who have crushed greens are subject to brave.
At the next stage, the upper neck is removed with scissors or knife. The Donets with the root of the roots remains intact. The topping procedure is considered optional, especially if the onion is planting on a rep. After cutting, the pen appears faster and grows more even, without a chance.
Growing onion onions in the southern states will give small bulbs, more similar to the onions than on the full bow. They do the best from 14 to 16 hours of daylight to form a good size bulb and are usually grown in colder winter zones.
Spring Ludge Landing and Growing
Zone 6 and colder - this is the correct rule. Spring bow prefers abundant sun and well prepared, healthy soil with good drainage. While the bow will grow in poor nutritional soil, they do not form good bulbs or good taste. If possible, in the old manure does not fall down in front of the landing. Onions are heavy feeders and needs constant nutrition for the production of large bulbs. If necessary, add natural source Nitrogen when landing, such as a fish emulsion or a wood compost.
- Supporting complex fertilizer for vegetable crops is used at the rate of 1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water. It is recommended to leave the seeds in the clock solution by 8-10.
- The most malicious enemy sowing Luke - Lukovaya Fly, but also there is a stop when soaking - salt. If you hold the seaws in the salt solution, it will help prevent laying of the larvae of the onion flies, which means that the mass death of the bow.
- For the prevention of fungal diseases of the North, it is soaked for 10-15 minutes in solution copper Kaper (1 tsp by 10 l of water) or in a weak solution of manganese. The last method seems simple and affordable, especially since he is tested by many years of grandmother's experience.
All of the above does not mean that the seawards need to withstand in all these solutions. You should choose for yourself the most acceptable. Moreover, if the bow 2 hours is heated in the "steep" solution: 1 kg of salt by half a water, then the vaporam or manganese will no longer need. Salt will save both onion flies and diseases.
Plant the bulbs about an inch in the depth and four inches from each other. Extract no more than one inches, otherwise the formation of bulbs may be limited. Feed every few weeks with a nitrogen-rich emulsion, to obtain a nice bulb. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizer will grow more bulbs due to fragrance. Stop the fertilization when the bow begins to push the soil and the bulb will begin. Do not put the soil around the bow; The lamp should appear above the soil.
Growing onion and garlic on the newspaper
The bow has short roots and needs approximately an inches of water a week, including rainwater to avoid stress due to lack of moisture. The mature sizes of bulbs will be less if they do not get enough water. Raised beds and rows are growing well.
Onions of the Sevkov: Growing and Care, Soil Requirements
The plant has high soil requirements. Good harvest Receive gardens, cultivating vegetables on soil rich in humus, chernozem. Grokes Spread on the sunny area, leaving a good large space between the beds: the bolds grown in the described conditions are less susceptible to fungal diseases. Before sowing the soil should be thoroughly dissolved, without a hole. Prepared for landing surface during sowing Sevka should be wet. Before sowing a bow carefully remove weeds.
It is important to keep onion with rows without weeds until they become well installed. Mulching helps protect them from weeds competing for water, and also prevents the loss of moisture from the sun and wind. Spring bow ready for cleaning, when the flask has already grown, and the green peaks begin to brown and fall. At the moment, the plant needs to be pulled out, but carefully process them, because they are easy to bother, and the bruised onion will rot in the warehouse.
When is the onion north plant in spring?
Onions need to be cured before storage. Cool them with their tops, still attached in a dry place with good air circulation - they can hang on the fence or over the porilas on the porch to cure if there is no rain in the forecast. During curing, the roots are compressed, and the upper pieces are dried back, sealing onions and protecting it from rot. After 7-10 days, secure the tops and roots with scissors, then store them in a cool dry environment or use for cooking.
We must remember that the bow does not tolerate acid soils - Optimal pH 6.5-7. When growing on peat soil, the pH of the soil should be within 5.5-6.5.
When to plant onions of the navokov in open ground
Most suitable for greens in Middle lane Russia is the third decade of April. Luke-Sevka landing dates in open primer need to be viewed in the lunar calendar for 2017. You can sow sews earlier, at the turn of March and April, since the greens will germinate at 2-6 ° C. Unambiguously avoid planting too early, as in the case of frozen bulbs, they are more vulnerable to fungal infections. Optimal temperature During the cultivation of a bow on a greens of 10-16 ° C, and for the formation of the bulb - 16-21 ° C. This vegetable is withstanding freezing when the air temperature is long sinking below 0 ° C. Under the optimal cultivation conditions it is possible to count on obtaining greens in 18-20 days.
When to plant a leek?
With minor experimentation and planting inheritance, you can easily grow most of your bows throughout the year. After tasting your home bow, you no longer need to buy in the store! It is best if the temperature is cool when they start growing and warm up as it matures. Northern sources, of course, cool - and often frosty! But, as they say, "You cannot kill Luke - even a hammer!".
Once the earth can be processed in the spring, set the sets. Gardeners in the soft winter regions of the deep south can land their sets in the fall and get a rich stock fresh Luka. Within winter months. Onions that you plant in early spring will impose a lot of green growth before they make bulbs. You may ask: "Why not start forming bulbs at once?" The answer is that before plants can make bulbs, they first need to store energy in the upper green leaves.
- After that, you can land onions during crop rotation? For Luka fits the ground after cucumbers, legumes. When landing onions in place after bean vegetables, you will not need to use nitrogen fertilizers.
- It is recommended to avoid sowing after parsley, corn, grazing and cruciferous. You should not land onions in one place more often than once every 3-4 years. Failure to comply with crop rotation increases the risk of disease and the appearance of pests, leads to the emergence of a large number of weeds.
- It is inappropriate to sow bow after potatoes, sugar and feed beets, carrots because of the risk of ematode damage.
After harvesting, destroy all weeds. Before sowing the land again, bent and align.
Then they must wait for the nature of the nature. Place this energy in the production of lamps. Typically, the plants receive a message when the length of the day and the temperature is correct. Luke do not care about how many years they are or when they were placed in the ground, when the conditions are right, they just cease to make new leaves and begin to use the energy they stored to make bulbs. The size of the bulbs is determined by how much energy in the upper green leaves before the signal of the lighting conditions to start turning the energy to the bulbs.
The more green growth to that time, the more energy there is and the more the light will be. Early landing It is important because it gives your bow a lot of time to grow tops and store a lot of energy for bulbs. If you put your kits lately, they will not have time for great growth. As a result, there will not be much energy when nature whispers on the onion plant, "Make a bulb."
When growing onion in the garden or on panstone Using the soil and alignment, use a rake.
For using A. home kitchen Seying the bow seeds correctly to a depth of 1.5 cm. The distance between the rows should be 25-35 cm. Watering with a dense filter, regularly. The garden of the green onion can be collected during spring and summer, using as an additive to food.
The plant sets three or four inches from each other in wide ranks. Wide ranks are useful for onions and many other vegetables, because you can grow much more using less place. This is especially important if you have a small plot. If you plant 100 onion sets of three inches from each other in one row, your row will be 25 feet long. If you allow several inches, say, three, on each side of the set, the width of the string will be six inches. A wide range is easier to water, weed, fertilize and collect harvest.
There is no need to make trenches or special holes for sets. Just take them from above with the root ending down and push them into well-prepared soil at the entire depth of the bulbs. The soil must barely cover the top of the onion sets. If you have tiny sets, put them in at least an inch in the ground so that they communicate well with the soil. Sets will begin better. After you have your own sets in the ground, the earth around them hoe.
An important element of the culture of small harrowing or loosening. However, be careful not to damage the germinative bulb, which matures early. We need to schedule 3 - 4 times during the growing season.
Also, the care lies in the content of the land clean from weeds.
Bow under winter
- With the autumn plane falling under the winter, the soil should be prepared. Calculated below calculation organic fertilizers For farmers, Dan per 1 ha: Make 40-50 tons of manure to 1 hectare or compost in the amount of 20-30 tons per 1 hectare.
- Instead of manure, you can use Siderats or crushed straw enriched with nitrogen. Fertilizer will work for 3-4 years.
- Growing green onion on the pen in industrial volumes has a "secret": you will have to create a shortage of nutrients.
- So, limiting the growth of the bulbs, you will ensure early ripening plant.
- On fertile soils in the first year after making the manure, you can do the introduction of mineral fertilizers.
In the second year, the estimated dose of fertilizer per 1 hectare:
Remember that if the set is set too small, it takes a lot of time. It is important that the light bulb gets completely into the soil, and the bow has become a good start for the production of great growth. If the onion kits are too deep, it does not hurt. Later, when the bulbs are expanding, pull out some of the dirt from the sides so that the bulbs expands.
Perhaps you will not want to plant all your sets at once. Try to leave some grindings in the refrigerator. When you start collecting a little onion to eat raw or use in salads and other dishes, replace their sets from the refrigerator. Just remember that onion sets planted in the spring will not turn into a big bow.
- 50 kg n;
- 180 kg P2O5;
- 150-200 kg K2O.
Perhaps it will be necessary to make lime to de-acidify the soil. The dose is selected depending on the pH of the soil and is 1.0-1.5 tons of SAO per 1 hectare. In peat soils requires less nitrogen and more potassium & phosphorus.
When the onion feather turns yellow, it may indicate a serious lack of nitrogen. Phosphorus deficiency is manifested by slow greenery. Email onion penHis dark green color signals potassium deficiency.
After which culture put onions
Growing onions by planting bulbs, called sets, is easier than growing them from seeds. Zone of endurance area of \u200b\u200bthe crop 3 with a bow - this is the cold season. If you live in the Mediterranean climate, it is best to plant the bulbs of the "short day" in the fall, and they will suffer only if the temperature falls below 20 degrees Fahrenheit.
The latitude on which you live, carries directly on the variety of bulbs that you must plant. If you live in the Mediterranean climate, best Luc For a plant - this is a "short day" of a bow, which forms the bulbs when there are 10-12 hours of the sun. A short onion onion, usually falling autumn, grows better in the states south of the 36-hour parallel. The varieties of the "Long Day" of Luca form bulbs when from 14 to 16 o'clock in the sun. They grow best in the states north of the 36th parallels and landed at the end of winter or early spring.
Watering
Onions do not require a large amount of water, but due to the shallow root system reaching only 20 cm, it is sensitive to drought. A single dose of watering should not be more than 20 mm. Irrigation is necessary during the formation of a bulb (as a rule, from mid-June to mid-July). Watering is not recommended later, the conditions for growing the bulbs with a small humidity are optimal.
Diseases and pests of Luca, fighting them
Onions susceptible to diseases caused by fungus and virus:
- white rot is a disease caused by fungus. On the surface of the neck, the bow buys, the leaves are yellow. Soil remains infected to 8 years;
- false puffy dew - fungal disease caused by the proximity of trees and shrubs, more often infection occurs in hot and wet summer. Its symptoms are the elongated stains of a grayish color or with a purple raid, manifested in young leaves. To avoid the disease, each year transfers the beds to a new place using the crop rotation rules, providing spatial isolation;
- gray rot - disease caused by staphylococci. The leaves are similar to burned, with mold;
Yellow, onions does not grow, on a re-viral disease manifests itself in the form of yellow and light green stripes.
Infected plants should be burned to prevent the occurrence of disease on other cultures when maintaining the principles of crop rotation.
Luke landing can be attacked by pests:
- tRIPS - dark insects 1.5 mm. Cream-yellow larvae, brown. On the leaves of the affected plants, silvery stains appear from litter, the leaves are withering and dying;
- weevil - the beetle larvae eats the bulb;
- long fly - a winged insect resembling a fly, often attacks during drought. The bulb begins to rot from the inside;
- nematodes.
Plants who were attacked by pests should be collected and burned. As in the case of damage to pests, at least 3 years at this place do not grow culture.
Onions of the Sevkov: varieties and description
For the cultivation of Luke-Sevka, early grades are better suited, which is easy to store for example:
- Sturon - is considered one of the best varieties on Luka. It is characteristic early ripening. It has a peninsula pleasant taste. Its one-minute bulbs of medium and large sizes, the mass of one bulb ranges from 90-100 to 140-150 grams for the second year. The variety has a stable and excellent germination and yield. Not used for growing for greens. The advantage of this variety is that harvesting is carried out on 8 or even 12 days earlier than other plants. It is grown in northern latitudes (Russia, Northern Europe, Scandinavia). It has high resistance to various diseases. It is grown for commercial purposes. Long storage bow;
- Stuttgarter Rizen is the most famous early variety. It grows in our zone. The bulbs have medium and large size. They are flat or flat-circular, dense consistency. It has a pronounced sharp taste. The mass of one bulWhi from 50-94 to 150-300 g. Contains a large amount of vitamin C. It is possible to reproduce the suction, seedlings and seeds. A significant drawback of the plant is susceptibility to diseases such as false mildew and cervical rot. High yield, germination and excellent burning. Plastic grade is demanding of watering, loosening and weeping. Lukovka is stored up to 6 months;
- Centurion. It is a new breeding variety of Stuttgarter Rizen. The bulb shape is uniform and elongated. Mass of one bulb about 110-150 g (can reach 180 g). The bulbs are well stored (up to 8 months). Taste sharp or peninsula. Under favorable conditions, 100% of the germination is possible. High yield. The variety is resistant to most diseases. They are grown to obtain sevka, but not to obtain greens. Characterized high-resistance to shorting, increased footer. Commercial purposes are grown;
- Hercules. Hybrid middle early gradeshaving one of the largest round bulbs. Excellent grows throughout Russia. The shape of the bulbs is widelyliptical, and the mass of about 160. The taste sharp. A high yield is described. The variety is well stored. The plant is resistant to fusariosis of Luke, Dontsa Rotina, Pink rot;
- Red Baron. Excellent early grade of red / purple onions. The bulb is rounded and has a mass of 25-40 to 130-150. They are well stored. The taste of bulbs is pleasant and peninsula. It is valued for stable yield, as well as for excellent maturity. Requires regular irrigation, loosening and weeding. Provides seats, seedlings and seeds. Thanks to excellent taste, it is often part of salads or is consumed in a fresh form.
In addition to these varieties, there are other quite widespread varieties:
- Higher BS-20. Medium impact new grade. Its bulbs have a smoothed round shape. They contain many dry substances. Husk yellow. Silent long safety;
- Orion. Exclusive early Hybrid English variety. Gives perfectly rounded and large bulbs. Their mass is about 150-200 g. This variety is especially preferring gardeners;
- Stardast. Medium grade. The bulbs have a pleasant and peninsula taste. A good germination and yield is described. In shape they are smooth and round, large size. The mass of one bulb around 30-50 is multiplied with seeds and spit. Can be stored for a long time;
- Carmen. The grade of red onions. The taste of bulbs is slightly ground. They have an average density and rounded shape, which is slightly shoved. Contains a lot of vitamin C and dry matter. The mass of one bulb fluctuates from 50-80 to 100-120. It is described 90-100% ripening and good fierce. Breeds seeds, seeds and seedlings;
- Chalcedony. Mid-line variety. The bulbs have a sharp taste. Mass of one bulb - 85-100 g. Good burning is described. Amazed by shallow rot, but is resistant to peronosporosis, shaky rot. It is grown for greens. Variety of universal use.
- ELLAN. Early elite variety. Bulb rounded or elongated form. The mass of bulbs up to 300 g. Sustainable various pests and diseases.
In the spring, you can land not only on, but also on the head. On the one hand, it seems that there is no process easier: to stick into the ground a small head, and by the autumn collect a major crop.
In fact, to get the expected result, you need to know some of the peculiarities of growing in this way.
How to choose a favorable time
First of all, you need to know, in which month the bow on the head is planted. The yield and fate of the planting material depends on it.
Weather conditions of the region
It is for them that it is necessary to navigate in the landing of vegetable culture, since there are simply no strict dates. They largely depend on the region, the characteristics of weather conditions and selected. It is only important that the soil is enough to be free - from 12 ° C and more. But approximate deadlines can still be called the last decade of April and the beginning of May.
Did you know? You can still soaring, but then by the end of summer, only small bulbs, which can be planted on the head only next spring. It turns out that the seeds are full-fledged bulbs in a year and a half.
On the lunar calendar
Tips when you can plant onions in spring on the head, maybe the garden. In accordance with it, ideal periods for onions:
- May 10-20;
- June 15-19;
- July 13-16;
- August 10-13;
- April 25-26;
- May, 23rd;
- 3 July;
- July 31;
- August 1;
- August 27-28.
The plant planted these days gives major bulbs and juicy greens. Experienced gardeners are focused on: when the leaves begin to unfold in the spring, it's time for landing onion.
Did you know? Louk by weight can reach half aologram. The average bulbs weigh about 100 g, and small - 50 g. It all depends on natural conditions, varieties ,.
Optimal conditions for growing
Having broken when it is held spring landing Onions on the head, it is necessary to choose a suitable place for vegetable culture.
Soil for landing
For this plant requires fertile loose soil with low acidity. Perfect vegetable grows on loams that are well passed air and moisture. When choosing a place to pay attention to the predecessors plants.
Representatives of Lukovichny are also: ,.
It is best to plant a vegetable where there used to grow, or. The perfect predecessor - which will be rooted and enriches it with the necessary substances.
Also consider which vegetable crops will grow nearby. Perfect neighbor -. She dries, whereas will be prevented from.
Important! On the old place onions can be planted only in three years.
In the spring, the soil fertilize again, after which they spend deep. Then a week before the landing in it contribute (liter bank per square meter).
Important! Better immediately before planting, make all the necessary, then not to water the beds with a plant planted. Straight before planing, the bed must be well to dissolve, so that during watering the water has not accumulated anywiches.
Lighting
When they sow onions on the head, choose well lit. In principle, it is all heavily grown in the shade, as they love straight sunshine. Without them, if they grow up, then very small.
Depth and landing scheme
The next important question is what scheme to plant the bulbs and which depth to plunge them.
Onions can also be grown, and.
Preparation of planting material
The first thing you need to do with the landing material is to go through it by throwing dry and fed up, and the remaining calibrates. The lifting period depends on the size of the bulbs, so it is sorted in this way:
- less centimeter in diameter planted in a greenhouse or in mid-May in open ground;
- from 1 to 2 cm in diameter, it is possible to disembark about two weeks after small (as a rule, it is the main part of the landing); (Tablespoon per liter of water), but in such a means it is necessary to keep it about five minutes.
Important! After soaking onions, it is necessary to immediately plant on. Therefore, all preparatory procedures must be carried out immediately before landing. When in the cellar or other cold place it is necessary in a couple of weeks before landing and hold and hold in conditions room temperature. If you plan too cold onions, it will start rotting in the soil.
Luke landing on the head in spring
Before disembarking, it is necessary to place the beds. Between them, the distance is 12 cm. The distance between the bulbs themselves depends on the size of the heads. So, between large, the distance is 10-12 cm, medium - 8-10 cm, small - 6-8 cm.
Do not immerse the seaw too deep. When he stops the roots, the bulb will drag out even deeper into the ground, so the shoots will have to wait long, and the crop will be small and weakened. It is enough to burst into the ground a little and sprinkle a bit from above. After landing, the vegetable is watered and straw or. This will help moisture to keep in until the bulbs sprout.
To get the expected harvest, gardeners are recommended to stick to such rules:
Feel three times throughout. The first time is brought to the ground before disembarking, the second - when the feathers are reached 10 cm, and the third one to achieve the bulb of the magnitude. Sprinkle onions on the head simply simply, if we observe some of the conditions for the selection, the preparation of the planting material.
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