Drip irrigation - This is a method of slow watering (2-20 liters per hour) on the system of plastic pipes of small diameter, equipped with water supply. They are called droppers or drip water.

Water is served point to the root area of \u200b\u200bthe plants. More than 90% is absorbed by roots, as losses, deep seeping and evaporation are minimized.

This method requires more frequent irrigation (1-3 days), which creates a plant-friendly level of soil moisture.

The effectiveness of irrigation methods

Under identical conditions, the efficiency coefficient will be like this:

• Drip irrigation - 90%;
• Stationary rainy system - 75-80%;
• Mobile irrigation irrigation - 65-70%;
• Self-free irrigation (by pipes) - 80%;
• Self-free irrigation (for furrows) - 60%.

The scheme of drip irrigation (photo increases by clicking).

Pluses of drip irrigation compared to traditional methods:

• minimum water consumption;
• the possibility of use is almost independent of the topography of the site;
• soil is not fearing, no salinization;
• the level of humidity does not increase when using in a greenhouse;
• lack of erosion.

According to statistics, the yield of crops increases by 20-40% in fruit cultures and grapes and by 50-80% of vegetables. The ripening period is reduced by 5-10 days.

Better to see once

We offer to watch the video in which it describes in detail about the advantages and principle of drip irrigation.

Additional advantages

• Preventing the formation of earthen crust in the roots,
• No conditions for soil rot
• The ability to irrigate on sites with a large bias and complex relief without terraction;
• Saving water, fertilizers, labor;
• Thanks to the point humidification of the root, agricultural crops are absorbed to 95% of the water supplied;
• The ability to irrigate at any time of the day;
• There is no impact of wind and evaporation (the latter is important for greenhouses);
• The possibility of filing fertilizers with water. Thanks to accurate getting into the roasting zone, up to 50% of the usual number of fertilizers;
• With drip irrigation, drops do not fall on the leaves and stems, which reduces the likelihood of their diseases. In addition, from the leaves are not washed off the means of protection against sheet-racing and sucking pests, in contrast to the sprinkle;
• Since the water and fertilizers do not fall on the aisle, the spread of new weeds is terminated, the development of existing slows down;
• Fruit collection and leaving care is carried out regardless of watering time.

Ribbons without droppers significantly reduce the cost of organizing drip watering fields.

What is the system

1. Water source

   It may be a water supply, well, well, or a tank, standing at an altitude of more than 3 meters. Open reservoirs are not suitable for these purposes due to the possible growth of algae and clogging by them droppers. In industrial crop, open reservoirs are used after the sand-gravel filters. However, their cost is too high for small farms.

2. Pressure regulator

   When connecting to the water supply, the pressure must be measured. If it exceeds 100 kPa (1 atm.), Then you need to install the regulator to reduce the pressure.

3. Pipe laying pipeline

   For small areas, there is enough PND pipe with a diameter of 32 mm. This species is available on the market or in the building of building materials. The tube from secondary raw materials is not suitable, as it will be deformed from the sun's rays and flow in places of connection with another pipe or ribbon.

4. Tape

   Flat polyethylene tape when filling takes the shape of the tube. It has droppers with the same interval. For example, AQUA-TRAXX æ 16 mm tape. And with a wall thickness of 200 MK., manufactured in Italy, suitable for irrigation of carrots, cucumbers, beets at a distance between droppers at 15 cm. And for tomatoes at a distance of 30 cm.

5. Disk filter

   Cleans the stream entering the system, from iron hydroxide and suspended particles, preventing clogging of droppers. It is recommended to apply even if water is made of purest well. However, its cost is similar to 100 meters of tape. Consequently, each farmer / gardener / dacket itself must decide what is more expedient.

6. Fittings (fittings, starting books)

   Serve to connect the elements of the system together. Fitting is a plastic part with a rubber seal for a compound with a spreading pipe and with a thread with a nut on the other - for the clamp of the tape.
   There are fittings with a crane for overlapping certain sections. They are needed if cultures with different water consumption grow nearby.
   Cranes, plugs, clamps, seals and other peripherals are needed for the convenience of mounting and operation.

In the photo - an example of corn irrigation. On the large squares With industrial cultivation of microcapels - non-disabilities.

Selection of system composition

Equipment	PER	VS	Where better to use
Self-regulating dropper	Equally distributes water on the slopes and in large gardens Prevents clogging	The cost is a bit more expensive than other types	Slopes and big gardens Bushes, trees and perennial herbs
Hoses	Inexpensive Available everywhere Easily installed	Moisturizing speed differs, especially in oblique areas Water loss on not planted areas May contain toxic impurities	Dense year-round, as well as perennial beds Small gardens Reliable connection is necessary
Separate droppers	Water is served only where necessary	Installation large number Releases take time As the plant grows, additional water supply is required.	Young bushes and trees that require irrigation only in the first years
A number of droppers	Easy to install on large areas Resistant to damage Ensure uniformity of water distribution More efficient if correctly installed	Not effective for rare vegetation, if incorrectly installed	Dense perennial plants, trees, shrubs Rare plants if the releases are installed correctly
Drip ribbon.	Inexpensive Easy to lay on large areas Uniform watering	Can only be laid right Short-lived compared to other types	Year-round, perennial and vegetable crops Temporary systems for drought-resistant crops
Microcapels	Micro-point water supply	Moisturization level varies depending on water spraying Sprayed water can relate to the wind Moisturizing foliage	Sliding plants, shoots and thick vegetable beds Some fruit treesrequiring foliage spraying Peat soil

Adjustable microcapelter directional (single-sided) type.

System installation

One of the advantages is simplicity of installation. To collect drip irrigation with their own hands from selected components can any unskilled worker.

Planning

It is necessary to divide the area by the degree of water consumption by sketching the approximate scheme. The card must be divided into several parts with different colors according to the following features:

• Norms of water consumption
  It should be noted plants with a high, medium, low need.
• Insolation
  We should designate areas with straight sunny rays and shadow. With the same need for watering of one type of plants, the level of evaporation should be taken into account.
• Types of soilIf the plot is located on the soils of different types.

Design

The location of the pipes is applied on the diagram: the transfer can be a length of 60 m. If the water is fed to the center of the main pipe, then the length of up to 200 m is possible. Side tubes are connected to it.

If you need several dispensing lines, they are connected to side pipes using fittings.

The main line goes along the length of the site, or throughout the perimeter.

An example of mounting with straight removal. Here the main pipe divides the plot in half, and water to rows of cultures is supplied on both sides.

For large fields, where the length of the main part of the system exceeds the specified method, it is necessary to use pressure pressure.

The choice of droppers is carried out according to the table above. In addition to their type, the distance between them and the type of soil takes into account:

• Sand soil
  The distance between the water supply is approximately 28 cm. The water filings are selected at the rate of 3.8-7.6 l / h.
• Suglinted soil
  The distance is about 43 cm. The water supply is selected at the rate of 1.9-3.8 l / h.
• Clay soil
  The distance is about 51 cm. The waterpasses are chosen at the rate of 1.9 l / h.

When using microcapels, the distance between them should be 5-7.5 cm. More than described above.

For trees in the garden and plants with higher needs in the water, you need to install two waterfrost nearby.

You can not mix and combine droppers at different feed speed in one line.

All this is noted on the plan, indicating the length of the pipes, size and number of droppers, all the necessary fittings are also noted, the terminal plugs. For this plan, the equipment is purchased.

An example of stripping ribbon for drip watering fruit trees.

Installation of the system from the water supply

1. Installation of the main pipe
   Disable water supply to plumbing, unscrew the crane, connect the plumbing and pipe irrigation system Through a damn coupling. Connect drip lines by plan. Complete all connections to teflon ribbon to prevent the flow.
2. Installing a tee (optional)
   Using a tee, you can use one out even after the installation of the irrigation system is completed. All equipment is connected via one yield of a tee connector, while the other can be used to connect the hose or for the crane for other needs.
3. Setting timer (optional)
   The timer is necessary for automatic irrigation, allows you to enable water supply at a certain time.
4. Installation of the check valve to prevent contaminated water from entering drinking.
5. Anti-siphon valves will not work if they are installed above the other valves by water, which makes them unsuitable for most drip systems.
6. Installing the filter. The distribution pipe is easily clogged with rust, minerals, suspended particles. Filtration care must be from 100 microns.

The starting points are the study of the geometry of the site and the location on it of plants, as well as the location and pressure of the irrigation source.

The simplest mechanical turning timer of watering. The light is set to the frequency of watering (from 1 time per hour to 1 time per week), right - duration.

Connection

1. Installation of drip lines.
   Using a special tool to cut pipes with the required length. Using the connectors, connect with pressure regulator or with sidelines, put on the surface of the site.
2. Add the adjustment valve to each drip line to be able to adjust the pressure, disconnect a specific line.
3. Fix the drip lines with brackets, stuck in the ground.
4. Take holes in the pipe so that the dropper sat tightly without leaks from the hole, and install them.
5. Install the terminal cap or adjusting valve at the end of each drop line. If it is later need, the valve will allow drip system.
6. Turn on the water, check the operation of the system.

Ready sets for drip irrigation

You can buy a ready-made kit that includes all of the above components. Of course, it makes sense to do only for initial acquaintance with the principles of work.

In this photo (increases by clicking) - an example of such a set. His price (at the time of writing, autumn 2015) - $ 19 plus delivery to Russia. Read more - on the site eBay.

Practical example of calculation

On a portion of 3 hectares (100m x 300m). It is planned to grow tomatoes, cucumbers and cabbage. It means that the drip irrigation system on our field is conditionally divided into three subsystems (by the number of species of grown plants).

• Drip irrigation beds with tomatoes

  For two double rows of 100 meters long, two tapes are 100 meters long. Each. The distance between droppers is 30 cm. Each bush will be allocated 1.5 liters per day. The estimated flow rate of water from each dropper is equal to 1.14 l / h. Consequently, the water here must be supplied for 1 hour of 20 minutes, at the rate of (1.5 liters: 1.14 l / h). The total consumption of subsystems per hour is 760 liters (2x100: 0.3x1.14).

• Circurins with cucumbers

  Irrigation will be carried out for four rows of 100 meters long. As an assumption, let the distance between the plants are 20 cm., And the water consumption is 2 liters per day. The distance between droppers on the tape is 20 cm. As a result of counting, the flow rate for this subsystem should be 2280 l / h via 4x100 formula: 0.2x1.14. The working time of the subsystem is 1 hour 45 minutes per day.

• Watering with white cabbage

  Cabbage is grown on six sticker rows. The distance between the plants is 40 cm. Suppose that each individual plant consumes 2.5 liters per day. In this case, you need to use a tape with a distance between droppers 40 cm. The flow of water in this subsystem will be 1710 l / h (6x100: 0.4x1.14). The time of supplying water into this part should be 2 hours and 10 minutes per day.

ATTENTION: The water consumption rates of each culture in this example are approximate! They should be clarified for each specific culture and each region.

As a result of these calculations, it turns out that the total water consumption for the entire system should be 4750 l / h. Now it is necessary to check the water supply rate from the source. This can be done using a 10 liter bucket and stopwatch. The rate calculated in this way will allow you to understand whether the pump is needed or sufficiently available source performance.

Excellent results drip watering gives when working with such field crops like potatoes, onions, watermelon. Perfectly established itself in greenhouses and when growing grapes.

What is the most important criterion for plants growing in a greenhouse? The sun, water and heat are the basic requirements for prosperous growth. At the same time, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the norms and time of irrigation, and if all seedlings in the greenhouse need their own irrigation, then this process becomes extremely troublesome for your hands and takes away a lot of time. But there is a way out! Today, most greenhouse owners and greenhouses create automatic irrigation, showing ingenuity and getting an excellent result.

The most modern and demanded irrigation technology is a drip irrigation system.

The design of the design and diagram of drip irrigation in the greenhouse does not imply some complex drawings and markups, but it is better to initially draw a plan on paper.

Required system mounting tools

The system of water branchis itself consists of a main water duty, which gives water from the source to splitters, and drip tubes for which water flows to plants is already attached. All this is not so difficult, as it seems at first glance, it is enough to have skillful hands, know the installation parameters and have required tools For mounting to ensure smart watering.

List of tools for mounting with your own hands of droppers, filters, fittings and other elements of drip irrigation:

• roulette;
• punch;
• perforator;
• hole puncher;
• punching;
• pliers;
• scissors for plastic pipes;
• trubores;
• keys for fittings (self-tapping fittings);
• set of adjustable keys;
• shovel (for laying an intravenous system).

The automatic drip irrigation system is simple on its device and is available in money attitudeSince the necessary details for its arrangement can be purchased in any specialized store for a small price. Such watering is incredibly convenient, saves a mass of time and provides your plants with the necessary moisture even with your long-term absence. This method provides a clear dosage consumption of moisture for each plant, timely and uninterrupted flow of water, uniform distribution throughout your greenhouse.

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Drip watering automatic

A similar watering method is considered to be the most rational and profitable. This is a special watering method, in which water drops come directly into the root area of \u200b\u200bplants with dosage portions. The amount of incoming water is regulated by special dropper dispensers and a drip ribbon. Drop watering hoses can be located on the surface, and in the ground. In both cases, plants ensured the optimal amount of moisture, besides increased humidity Soil protects plants from early frosts.

A similar watering method is superbly suitable for greenhouses, in which there is no access to large volumes of water. Hoses are a low-pressure system, which is designed for greenhouses, where low pressure and little water. Therefore, the most ordinary barrel can go into the move, which should be lifted over the ground to the height of one and a half or two meters.

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The advantages of drip iris

This method is designed for the entire growing season, the moisture is applied purposefully to the plants themselves, without sitting on a broadcast. Energy consumption and water with such an irrigation method in two and a half times less than when traditional method glaze. Drip irrigation is environmentally safe and economically justified for use in conditions open soil And in the greenhouses. It is also very convenient to make fertilizers when watering, fertilizer is delivered accurately to the root of the plant, while its savings occurs and the assimilation of the feeding of the soil increases.

The most important advantage in drip watering and its distinctive feature - Autonomy (refers to automated systems), the work process lasts 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, and at the same time do your affairs or relax. The use of a drip system will significantly reduce your labor costs and the cost of breaking time and the guard of the Earth, as after the usual irrigation. Extremely optimizes the process of crop production The fact that you will no longer have to move the irrigation hose in different directions with your own hands, being knee-deep in the mud, breaking and climbing the plants.

This method of watering prevents water from getting into stems and leaves of plants, thereby preventing them from the appearance of diseases that cause dampness, and preventing the emergence sun burnswhich appear from the so-called "lenses", into which the water drop turns into transmittance through itself the sun rays.

In such water, there is another advantage - weeds cannot develop actively under these conditions, and the soil remains "breathable" and loose.

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Device of the diagram of drip irrigation in the greenhouse

Just take and make holes in the hose to ensure a competent drip watering, not enough. At first glance, the number of elements and devices can confuse you, but most importantly, what needs to be done is to connect them into a single structure, taking care that there are no leaks in the places of compounds. The principle of operation of the system is located on the portion of the thick-branched network of tubes located on which water with small doses goes to the rhizomy of plants throughout the entire growing period. Water intake you are adjusting your own hands or automatically. For greenhouses with a small area, manual adjustment is enough, but to ensure moisture of large greenhouses will be relevant to connect automatic irrigation systems.

For the device of this system, you will need it with your own hands:

• supply hose (polyethylene drip tube, drip tape);
• droppers;
• switch taps;
• tees;
• adapters;
• couplings;
• pump.

It is noteworthy that all items must be made of plastic, metal elements Over time, rust is clogged.

Tubes are characterized by a service life of at least five years, resistant to clogging and very practical. Droppers are collapsible, unimprovable, universal, adjustable, compensating pressure and not compensating. Adjustable dropper It is installed in the tube precisely in the place where watering is required, for which the hole is pre-done. Drip tape is more a budget optionthan tubes, and more acceptable for large sites.

First of all, it is necessary to create a certain level of pressure inside the system, in order to avoid the breaking of the spreading hose so that watering occur evenly, throughout the length (especially on uneven surfaces). Because the data of the watering system is operating exclusively at low water pressure. The gap can occur if the pressure in the system becomes high. Therefore, the use of the output pressure regulator becomes more than relevant.

Dachini, who have the opportunity to come to their site only on weekends, are familiar with the situation when the plants have to literally "disappear" to bring them in a normal state. For such cases, experts recommend using drip irrigation systems. Such can be purchased included, and you can make it yourself. But in any case, the installation of drip irrigation will need, from the correctness of the execution of which the volume of the future harvest depends.

Briefly about the composition and operation of the system

Drip irrigation It is a set of pipelines stretched over the site. For them, water is fed to the irrigation zone. However, it does not pour out in large quantities on the bed, and comes with drops with a flow rate of 1-2 liters per hour. This is achieved due to low pressure and small diameters of the outlet holes.

The composition of such a system necessarily includes:

• water source;
• main pipeline;
• drip lines;
• optional equipment.

General view of drip irrigation system

The functions of the water holder, as a rule, performs a storage capacity. Water pipe can also be used as a source. But most often for watering, water is needed, having a temperature above the one that is in the central network. For this reason cumulative Buck - A more common option.

How to install on your own

Selecting drip irrigation as an option to provide plants on cottage plot A sufficient amount of moisture, it is necessary not only to perform the procedure for mounting the drip irrigation system, but also responsibly approach the design and procurement planning. essential materials.

Assembly scheme automatic system

Planning drip irrigation

It is desirable to perform the system planning before plants are planted. In such a situation it is easier to lay communication.

First you need to decide on the water source. If the accumulative capacity will be used as such, its volume is calculated based on the number of expenditure points and the intensity of the use of the system. Water consumption depends on which plants it is planned to water, and which climate is characteristic of the region. Usually, as already mentioned, there is enough consumption of 1-2 liters per hour. Moreover, the flow of water is not constantly carried out, but as the land drying.

Planning the installation of a cumulative tank, the location is better to choose from the distance to the irrigation sites. Preferably, these distances are made as close as possible in magnitude. In this case, the container is set to the height of at least 1 meter above the ground.

For the main pipeline are used plastic pipes. The diameter is better to take 50 mm. Such a size will give the opportunity to install fittings without any problems (drip lines). Although it is permissible to use and smaller diameters.

Accumulation capacity option

For drip lines, you can take plastic pipes with a diameter ½ or ¾ inch or use the drip tape. Water supply outside can be performed through the holes of the small diameter in the pipes or in the tape or use special droppers. This option makes it possible to feed water accurately to the roots of the plant.

The use of droppers more preferably also because they all have a guaranteed diameter. Accordingly, consumption through them will depend only on the pressure, and since the subsidences in such networks are small, then the costs will be commensurate.

In order to perform the installation of drip irrigation with your own hands, you will need:

• cumulative capacity (pumping station);
• main pipeline;
• drip pipes or tapes;
• droppers;
• fittings (start connectors, tees, plugs);
• cranes.

Mounting circuit with accumulative capacity

Drip Watering Mounting Technology

It is necessary to start with the installation of the water car. Then the main pipeline is connected to it. At the entrance it is better to put a locking crane. If necessary, it will be possible to overlap it and stop watering. Also at the input to the pipeline will use the filter. It will reduce the likelihood of clogging of droppers or holes for water out.

Next is the main pipeline. Putting it usually along the tracks and edges of the beds. In places of connecting drip branches in the highway, drill holes for connectors (diameter 14 mm). To compact the compound, you can additionally use a cape nut. Through the connectors are connected drip pipelines or ribbons. At the entrance to each branch, it is desirable to put a crane in order to be covered in case of the need for a specific direction.

After drip pipelines are laid, holes are drilled for watering or dripped, the far end is overlapped with a plug.

Upon completion of the system assembly, it is necessary to carry out hydraulic tests, check it on unauthorized leakage, adjust the values \u200b\u200bof the water from the water sections.

Connecting drip pipelines

Some nuances of Montaja

At the installation stage, it is desirable to pay attention to the presence of a slope towards the most distant drops. Otherwise, the system operating at the expense of earthly attraction will be absent.

When connecting the main pipeline to the water source, it is better to put an additional tee in case of the need to add new watering directions. And if the functions of the water source performs the well and pumping station, then this tee will allow the use of water for other purposes.

All connections on the network are desirable to do detail. This will make it possible to dismantle the system at the end of the garden season and remove the equipment into the room. It will also make it possible if necessary to change the configuration of the irrigation network when changing the plan of planted beds.

Water consumption for individual sections can be monitored using water meters. Their testimony will help customize the system with the desired accuracy - after all different plants Require various irrigation intensity.

To automate the entire system at the outlet of the water source, you can put a timer that will organize water supply according to the desired schedule during the lack of hosts.

This is how you can perform the installation of drip irrigation from pumping station or cumulative capacity, facilitating life on the cottage during the garden season. For more information, it is recommended to learn from the video:

Ensuring water plants and plantings is one of the concerns of homeowners. Someone watering the beds with vegetables, someone flower beds and lawns, and someone needs to provide water garden. In any case, the procedure takes enough time. But this is not all: in the usual method, it is formed on the surface of the crust, which prevents plants to develop, therefore it has to loosen the soil. All these problems are solved if there is a drip watering of plants. You can buy ready-made sets, order the development and installation of "turnkey" and you can do everything with your own hands. That's how to make drip irrigation yourself and will be discussed in this article.

Principle of operation and varieties

This technology was tested several decades ago. Its results were so impressive that the system was widespread. The main idea is that water is fed to the roots of plants. There are two ways:

• poured on the surface near the stem;
• served underground into the root formation zone.

The first way is simpler in the installation, the second is more costly: they need a special hose or drip tape for underground styling, a decent volume of land. For a moderate climate, there is no particular difference - both the other way work well. But in the regions with a very hot summer, an underground gasket showed itself: less water evaporates and more by plants.

There are self-ejecting systems - for them requires a water tank, installed at an altitude of at least 1.5 meters, there are systems with stable pressure. They have a pump and a control group - pressure gauges and valves creating the required effort. There is completely. In the simplest embodiment, this is a valve with a timer that opens the water supply at a given period of time. More complex systems can control separately consumption for each of the water supply lines, testing the soil moisture and determining the weather. These systems work under the guidance of processors, the modes of operation can be set from the control panel or computer.

Pros and cons

Drip watering has many advantages and all of them meaning:

• The complexity is significantly reduced. The system can be fully automated, but also in the simplest version, irrigation requires literally a few minutes of your attention.
• Reduced water consumption. This is due to the fact that moisture is served only under roots, other zones are excluded.
• Disappears the need for frequent loosening. With a dosage of water supply to a small zone of peel on the soil, it is not formed, accordingly, it does not need to be broken.
• Plants develop better, yield increases. Due to the fact that water is fed into one zone, root system Developed in this place. It has a greater number of thin roots, becomes more lumpy, faster absorbs moisture. All this contributes to rapid growth and more abundant fruiting.
• There is an opportunity to organize a roast feeder. Moreover, the fertilization consumption due to the point feed is also minimal.

The economic efficiency of drip irrigation systems has been proved repeatedly even on an industrial scale. In private greenhouses and gardens, the effect will be no less significant: the cost of creating a system can be reduced to a small amount, and all the advantages will remain.

The minuses are also there, but they are quite a bit:

• For normal operation water filtration is necessary, And these are additional costs. The system can function and without filters, but then it is necessary to consider the purge / washing system to eliminate blockages.
• Droppers eventually clog and require cleaning or replacement.
• If you use thin-walled ribbons, they can be damaged by birds, insects or rodents. There are places of unscheduled water consumption.
• For the device requires the cost of time and money.
• Periodic service required - Throw pipes or clean the droppers, check the hose mount, change the filters.

As you can see, the list of drawbacks is rather big, but they are not very serious. It's really useful thing In the garden, in the garden, flowerbed or.

Compounds and layout options

Drip irrigation systems can be organized by any water source. Well, well, well, river, lake, centralized water supply, even rainwater in tanks. The main thing is enough to have enough water.

The main pipeline is connected to the source, which brings water to the watering site. Then he goes on one of the sides of the irrigated area, in the end heavier.

Opposite the beds in the pipeline inserted tees, which attach drip hoses (pipes) or ribbons to the side conclusion. They have special droppers through which water is fed to plants.

Between the output from the source and the first branch, it is desirable to install a filter or filter system. They are not needed if the system is powered by home water pipes. If the water is swinging out of the lake, rivers, rainwater tank, filters are required: contaminants can be a lot and the system will be too often clogged. Types of filters and their number is determined depending on the state of the water.

Drip hoses

The hoses for drip irrigation are sold in bays from 50 to 1000 meters. They already built water consumption points: labyrinths for which water flows before getting into the outlet. These folded hoses provide the same amount of water all over the line, regardless of the relief. Due to this labyrinth, the flow rate at any point of watering is almost the same.

They differ in the following characteristics:

• • Stiffness tube. Drip hoses - are tough, there are soft. Soft are called ribbons, hard - hoses. Hard can be operated up to 10 seasons, soft - up to 3-4. Tapes are:
    • Thin-walled - with a wall thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm. They are placed only on the surface, their service life is 1 season.
    • Tolstoyed ribbons have a wall of 0.31-0.81 mm, service life - up to 3-4 seasons, there is both ground and underground gasket.

Watering can be organized with ribbons or hoses

The maximum length of the irrigation line is determined so that the uneven water outlet at the beginning and at the end of the tape did not exceed 10-15%. For hoses, it can be 1,500 meters for tapes - 600 meters. For private use, such values \u200b\u200bare not in demand, but it is useful to know)).

Dropper

Sometimes it is more convenient to use not tapes, but droppers. These are separate devices that are inserted into the hole in the hose and through which water is supplied under the root of the plant. They can be installed with an arbitrary step - to put several pieces in one place, and then somewhat in the other. It is convenient when drip watering or trees is organized.

They are two types - with normalized (constant) and adjustable water release. The body is usually plastic, on the one hand there is a fitting, which is inserted into the hole inserted into the hose (sometimes rubber rings are used to seal).

There are also compensated droppers - and noncompensated. When using compensated at any point of watering line, the release of water will be the same (approximately), regardless of the relief and location (at the beginning or at the end of the line).

There are still devices like "Spider". This is when several thin tubes are connected to one output. This makes it possible to simultaneously water several plants from one water outlet point (the number of droppers is reduced).

Thumb type dropper - you can water from one point of water distribution several plants

Main pipes and fittings

When creating a system for laying a main pipeline from a water source to a watering zone, plastic pipes and fittings are used:

• polypropylene (PPR);
• polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• polyethylene:
  • high pressure (PVD);
  • low pressure (PND).

All these pipes are well tolerated with water contact, do not corroded, chemically neutral and do not respond to fertilizers. For watering a small greenhouse, a vegetable garden, the lawn is most often used with a diameter of 32 mm.

Trunk pipes are plastic. Specifically Type Choose any: PPR, PND, PVD, PVC

In places of removal of lines, tees are installed, the drip hose or tape is connected to the side output. Since they are smaller diameter, you may need adapters, and their outer diameter should be equal to the inner diameter of the hose (or be slightly less). It is possible to mount ribbons / hoses for fittings using metal clamps.

Also, the taps can be made through special fittings, which are installed in the hole done in the hose of the required diameter (as in the photo above).

Sometimes after a tee on each line of distribution of water, a crane is put, which allows you to turn off the lines. It is convenient if the drip watering is divorced on plants moisture and those that do not like excess water.

If you are reluctant to choose the components and pick up the sizes, the diameters of the fittings, you can buy ready-made from various manufacturers.

Drip irrigation with your own hands: Application examples

The system options are a lot - it is easily adjusted for any conditions. Most often there is a question of how to organize watering independent of electricity. This can be done if you set a sufficient volumetric capacity for water at a height of at least 1.5 meters. This creates a minimum pressure of about 0.2 atm. It is enough for watering small plot Garden or garden.

In the capacity, water can be supplied from the water supply system, pump out the pump, merge from the roofs, even poured buckets. In the lower part of the tank make a crane to which the main pipeline is connected. Next, the system is standard: a filter (or cascade of filters) is installed on the pipeline until the first branch, and then there is a layout in beds.

For the convenience of introducing fertilizers to the highway, it is possible to establish a special node. In the simplest case, it is, as in the photo above, it can be a container on the legs, in the bottom of which the hole was done, and the hose is inserted. Also need a locking valve (crane). It is crashed into a pipeline through a tee.

If necessary, you can water and shrubs and fruit trees. The whole difference lies in the fact that the tape or hose is stacked around the trunk at some distance. One line is removed on each tree, the bushes can be watering several pieces on the same line. Only in this case you need to use the usual hose, into which insert droppers with the required water flow.

If small pressure in the system does not suit you, on the main water supply can be installed (see photo below) or full. They will provide water even far spaces.

Is it possible to serve water directly from the source? It is possible, but undesirable. And it is not connected with technical difficulties - they are not so much, but so that plants cold water do not like. Therefore, most of the drip irrigation systems of small scales - for greenhouses, vegetable vegetable gardens, gardens and vineyards - use accumulative containers. In them, water is heated, and then divorced by the site.

Drip watering: how to calculate the system

The container from which water is supplied with the system can be one - general, as in the picture above, or separate on each site. At a considerable distance between irrigation objects, it may be more profitable than pulling the main pipeline.

The required volume is calculated depending on the number of plants and water volume for their normal development. How much water is needed to watering vegetables, depends on climate and soil. On average, you can take 1 liter on one plant, 5 liters per bushes and 10 liters on the trees. But this is the same as the "average temperature in the hospital", although it is suitable for indicative calculations. You consider the number of plants, multiply on the expense per day, everything is summarized. To the resulting digit, add 20-25% of the stock and the required volume of the container you with know.

With the calculation of the length of the highway and drip hoses there are no problems. The highway is the distance from the crane on the tank to the Earth, then on the ground to the place of watering, and there on the end side of the bed. After creating all these lengths, the required length of the main pipeline is obtained. The length of the tubes depends on the length of the bed and on one or two rows from one tube there will be a distribution of water (for example, with the help of dripping-spiders, water can be diluted for two or four rows at the same time).

By the number of tubes, the number of tees or fittings and cranes is determined (if you put them). For each branch using tees, we take three clamps: press the hose to fitting.

The most difficult and expensive part is filters. If water swinging from an open source - the lake or river - first the filter is required rough Cleaning - Gravel. Then there must be fine filters. Their type and quantity depend on the state of the water. When using water from a well or well, a coarse filter can not be installed: the primary filtering occurs on the suction hose (if used). In general, how many cases, so many solutions, but the filters are needed, otherwise droppers will quickly score.

Homemade drip hoses and drops

One of the most significant costs of expenses with an independent device of the system from the finished components is droppers or drip ribbons. Of course, they provide the feed of the same amount of water all over and consumption is stable, but in small areas it is not necessary. You can adjust the feed and consumption of cranes built into the beginning of the watering line. Therefore, there are many ideas that make it possible to make the distribution of water under the plants with the help of ordinary hoses. Look one of them in the video.

This system is difficult to call this drip irrigation. It is rather a bastard watering: the water is tuning under the root, but it works, maybe only a little worse and more suitable for plants with a root system developed inland. This method will be good for trees, fruit shrubs, grapes. They require a significant amount of water, which should go deep into a decent distance and this self-made drip irrigation system can provide it.

In the second video, a really drip watering is organized. This is done with medical droppers. If you have the opportunity to stock such a used material, it will turn out completely cheap.

The amount of water supply is regulated by a wheel. From one hose you can feed water into three and four rows - if you take a sufficient diameter of the hose, you can connect not three devices to it, and more. The length of the tubes from the droppers thoroughly allows you to water two rows on each side. So expenses will really be small.

Droppers can be used almost without reworking. This is if the system was with a bag. Example - in the photo.

Waste in revenues - watering young plants provided

It is almost also possible to make a drip watering for home plants. It is suitable for those flowers that love constant moisturizing.

Permanent moisturizing your colors on the balcony? Easily! Watering from dropper

The cheapest drip watering: from plastic bottles

There is the cheapest and fast way Organize water supply by plants without hoses and large tanks. We need only plastic bottles and small length - 10-15 cm - thin tubes.

In bottles partially cut off the bottom. So, it turns out from the bottom of the lid. So water will not evaporate. But you can cut off the bottom and completely. At a distance of 7-8 cm from the cover in the bottle, they do a hole in which a thin tube is inserted under a small angle. Bottle to touch the cork down or climb a peg, and peg stick into the ground next to the plant, sending the pipe to the root. If there is in the bottle of water, it runs down on the tube will drip under the plant.

The same design can be done, turning the bottle with a cover up. But this option is less convenient: it is harder to pour water, we need a watering can. What it looks like, look in the figure below.

As you can see, there is a second version of drip irrigation from plastic bottles. Wire stretches over the garden, bottles are tied to it in the bottom or cover of which the holes are made.

There is another photo-option to use bottles, but with regular droppers for watering. They are fixed on the neck of bottles and in this form are installed under the bush.

This option, of course, is not ideal, but will give the opportunity to grow better if you can rarely at the dacha. And two liters from the bottle may be decisive in the battle for the harvest.

Water dissolves nutrients and trace elements contained in the soil and fertilizers and makes them available for the root system of plants as a soil solution. The moisture is included in the plant tissues: many cultures are 95-97% consist of water.

Taking care of the garden, it is impossible to hope only for precipitation, especially if they are not regular. Long absence of moisture suppresses the growth of plants, provokes their diseases, leads to death. The lack of natural moisture must be replenished by regular irrigation.

Industrial technologies are good in large greenhouses. There automatics allows continuously controlling the temperature, humidity, watering duration, illumination, fertilizer and nutritional

liquids. In the country area, all this work has to be performed independently. And the gathering is completely able to facilitate such a task with the help of a drip irrigation system.

For the organization of drip irrigation, it is necessary to create an extensive highway from special hoses equipped with droppers. Droppers have fixed performance, which allows you to maintain the necessary humidity of the soil and at the same time save water.

Drip irrigation

Simple drip watering system is easy and quickly can be asleep with your own hands.

To understand the principle of work and feel the subtleties of installation and settings, you can start with the assembly

WATERING

systems from the finished set. Today it can be purchased in almost all stores selling garden accessories, or online stores.

The basic set for watering a plot of up to 25 m 2 costs about 900 rubles, 50 m 2 - 1300 rubles., 100 m 2 -1600 rub.

The main elements of the drip irrigation system - water source, special droppers and hoses transporting water. The auxiliary elements include all sorts of plugs, controllers, adapters, tees, hydrants, sensors, cranes, etc.

Drip watering device

Drop Hose

To summarize water to beds, metal or plastic pipes can be used, and further with the help of adapters to create

mainer of hoses with mounted droppers. In our set, drip tape 0 16 mm. Droppers are located in 15-30 cm increments, which depends on the type of tape. The thickness of the walls of the drip ribbons varies from 0.125 to 0.4 mm.

Ribbons can be seamless and glue. Slide tape-cheap option, and they usually have enough for one season, and seamless, although more expensive, but have a long service life.

Light stabilizing additives used in the manufacture of tape not only protect it from ultraviolet radiation, but

and they make the chemical influence of pesticides and various fertilizers used in the process of growing plants, increasing the service life.

Installation of a drip watering system

With a certain skill at a predetermined area, you can collect the finished system in an hour.

First you need to decide on the size of the bed and draw the arrangement scheme of the PND tube and drip lines.

The PND tube and drip ribbon must be unwind and leave in a straightened position. It must be done carefully to prevent damage, and when installing, avoid inflection and ensure effective watering.

To exclude foreign particles in the tube, when installing the system on the garden, it is recommended to drown all the holes. Make it can be fine polyethylene film, fixing it with rubber bands. Remove such temporary plugs should be removed immediately before installing drip ribbons and hose.

Drip ribbons are not a closed chain, so at the end of the watering highway you need to put a plug.

Watering from barrel

Recommended pressure in the system is not more than 1.5 bar (1.5 kg / cm 2). To ensure normal and trouble-free operation of the system of watering from water supply at the inlet of the irrigation system, the water pressure regulator must be installed.

To bring water to the site, it is better to use plastic pipes, as the metal quickly rust from the inside, which is bad for drippers that fail when clogged. In addition, plastic pipes have less weight and price, more technological when installed.

Our drip ribbon has a step of 30 cm, the lifting - 1.2-1.6 l / h on the dropper. A suitable container can be used as a water source. For example, a 100-liter barrel is enough for an hour of watering, if you take 25 m of drip tapes, on which 80 drops are located.

Water reservoir should be on the hill, it is possible to create an artificial hill or a constructions from undergraduates.

To prevent water bloom, it is necessary to cover the capacity and choose for the installation of the system opaque hoses: in transparent water blooms quickly.

First watering plants

Before starting operation, you need to fully flush the watering highway. To do this, the caps are removed from the drip tapes and water is supplied to the highway, preferably under pressure. Then it is necessary to drown the ends of the drip ribbons - and you can start the drip watering of the plants.

Experienced gardeners advise to clean the highways at least once in the season, and if any section of the highway had to be repaired.

Care of drip irrigation system

The weak place of the drip watering system of plants-dropper, they must be protected from clogging: mechanical, biological and chemical.

To prevent mechanical clogging from the weighted particles in the water (sand, dirt, rust, scale, small insects, etc.), use mechanical cleaning filters, which must be monitored.

Biological clogging occurs as a result of water flowering when algae, mucus and other biological trash, scoring a dropper formed. Prevent biological clogging will allow regular flushing of barrels, drip irrigation systems and a high-quality filter at its entrance.

The chemical clogging cites the addition to the water fertilizer (fertigation), as well as if the water itself is rigid. In this case, special additives regulating the acidity of water are used to purify water.

AUTOMATION

Drip watering system is easy to automate. It is enough to establish semeteodators that react to the temperature and humidity of the air, soil, as well as common weather conditions, and the automation will independently adjust the process of watering. You can restrict ourselves to the programmable timer, which will be allowed to allow the host and prohibit the flow of water into the system. The price of such a timer is almost twice the cost of the entire watering system for beds for 25 m 2.

Therefore, if financial Question It matters, it is quite possible to do this creative process yourself, including and turning off the crane.

Water can be taken from the water pipe or pour in tanks from the well or well by the pump.

System Care

To determine the efficiency of watering, it is necessary to estimate the size of the water stain created by the dropper. If the stain has a diameter of less than 30 cm, it means that the dropper clogged and her (either the entire line) must be cleared or change. If instead of the stains, puddles are formed from mechanical damage to the droppers or the tape itself, then part of the tape can be replaced. In this case, it is necessary to overlap the water, cutting the tape at the place of damage and connect the special bidirectional connecting element.

In the fall, the system of drip watering of plants should be dismantled. The system is washed clean water, disassemble and remove storage. Sensors, timers and controllers must be disconnected and removed into the room with a plus temperature.

Tips Masters:

Install the cranes on each branch of the cranes that will allow without interference to repair the damaged area and turn off the desired branch during the agricultural work or after removing the crop.

The rack can be made independently, securing the plastic holder for pipes 0 16 mm screw on a wooden peg. If the tree is treated with a protective antiseptic or spent machine oil, then such a rack will serve not one season. It turns out cheaper, and the height of the tape suspension and the bundle can be selected by itself, based on the properties of the soil.

Build drip watering with your own hands - step by step photo

Set of materials for assembling drip irrigation system garden plot Packed in a comfortable cardboard suitcase.

Inside the drip belts there is an emitter of a turbulent flow, which, according to the manufacturers of the product, creates a more accurate dosage of irrigation, protects the droppers from clogging and contributes to the supply of water over long distances.

Each dropper in the drip ribbon has two watering holes.

Bay Tube PND (low pressure polyethylene)

3.5 mm drill or seer do holes in the PND tube at a predetermined distance between the drip lines.

At the ends of the PND pipe set plastic plugs.

Insert start-connectors in the holes with force.

In the rupture of PND pipes, we set a tee of 16 x 19 x 16 mm to attach the water supply hose.

The start-connector is 6 mm for a tape 16 mm is a simple, but reliable fitting for connecting the hose of drip watering up to 12 m.

To drown out the highway, the tape tip turns over three times and secure a screw with a wide flat hat to a wooden or plastic sidewall garden or peg.

On the start-up connector fitting, you wear a drip tape and fix it with a turn of the nut. Reverse operation will allow without extra effort Remove the ribbon from the fitting.

To ensure the necessary pressure for drip irrigation, the barrel should be located at an altitude of at least 1 m above the soil.

To hang the ribbon over the surface of the soil, use special holders. On them, the tape is fixed with plastic clamps.

In the barrel, you should install a ball valve with an adapter for connecting a quick-to-date connector. This design will allow you to quickly connect to another water source.

Such a filter with a mesh filtering element of a large area is well suitable for drip irrigation with water supply with a sickness of a barrel.

Electronic watering timer to control water supply to the watering system. Watering duration - from 1 to 120 minutes, watering period is from 1 to 72 hours or weekly.