These amazing plants Calculate carnivorous, as they catch insects and arthropods, isolated digestive juice, dissolve the victim and during this process some or most of the nutrients are obtained. Almost all carnivore plants grow in places where the soil is poor nutrients.

Here are the most famous predatory plants that use different types traps in order to lure his sacrifice.

1. Sarration (Sarracenia)

Sarration or North American insectivorous plant It is a genital carnivorous plants that are found in the areas of the eastern coast of North America, in Texas, in the Great Lakes, in Southeast Canada, but most of the southeastern states.

This plant uses the curb leaves in the form of a lummy as a trap. The leaves of the plant turned into a funnel with an education similar to a hood, which grows above the hole, preventing rainwater from entering, which can dilute digestive juices. Insects attracts color, smell and secretion, similar to nectar on the edge of the pita. A slippery surface and a narcotic substance, bordering nectar, contribute to the fact that insects fall inside, where they die and digest with protease and other enzymes.

2. NEPENTHES (NEPENTHES)

Neventes, tropical insectivorous plant, this is another type of carnivorous plants with a trap, which uses curly leaves in the form of a lummy. There are about 130 species of these plants, which are widespread in China, Malaysia, Indonesia, in the Philippines, Madagascar, Seychelles, in Australia, India, Borneo and Sumatra. This plant also received a nickname "Monkey Cup", as the researchers often observed how the monkeys drank rainwater from them.

Most of the types of nonpopens are high lianas, about 10-15 meters, with a small root system. From the stem is often visible leaves with a mustache, which protrudes from the tip of the sheet and is often used for climbing. At the end of the mustache, the water lily forms a small vessel, which is then expanding and forms a bowl.

The trap contains a liquid released by a plant, which may have a watery or sticky structure, and in which the insects are drowning, which the plant eats. The lower part of the bowl contains glands that absorb and distribute nutrients. Most of the plants are small and they catch only insects, but large species, such as NEPENTHES Rafflesiana and Nepenthes Rajah, can catch small mammals such as rats.

3. Genlisea Predatory Plant (Genlisea)

Genlisay consists of 21 species, it is usually growing in a humid ground and semi-water medium and distributed in Africa and Central and South America.

Genlisay is small herbs with yellow flowers, which use a crab claw type trap. In such traps it is easy to get, but it is impossible to get out of them because of small hairs that grow to the entrance or, as in this case, forward over the helix.

These plants have two different types of leaves: photosynthetic leaves above the ground and special underground leaves that lure, catch and digest small organisms, such as the simplest. Underground leaves also perform the role of roots, such as water absorption and attachment, since the plant itself is not. These underground leaves underground form hollow tubes that have a kind of spiral. Small microbes fall into these tubes with a stream of water, but cannot leave them. When they get to the exit, they will already be digested.

4. Darlingtonia Californica (Darlingtonia Californica)

Darlingtonia California - This is the only representative of the genus Darlington, which grows in Northern California and Oregon. It grows in swamps and springs with cold running water and is considered rare plant.

Darlingtonian leaves have a bulbous shape and form a cavity with a hole under bloating, as balloon, structure and two sharp sheets that hang like fangs.

Unlike many carnivorous plants, it does not use the curb leaves for the trap, but use a crab claw type trap. As soon as the insect turns out inside, they are confusing the speck of the light that pass through the plant. They land in thousands of thick thin hairs that grow inside. Insects can follow the hairs deep into digestive organs, but can not go back.

5. Bubble (Utricularia)

A bubble is a genus of carnivorous plants consisting of 220 species. They are found in fresh water or wet soil as ground or water species on all continents, with the exception of Antarctica.

These are the only predatory plants that use a bubble trap. Most species have very small traps in which they can catch very small prey, such as the simplest. Traps are from 0.2 mm to 1.2 cm, and larger extraction fall into large traps, such as water flea or tadpoles.

Bubbles are under negative pressure in relation to the surrounding stop. The hole of the trap opens, sucks the insect and the surrounding water, closes the valve, and all this happens for thousands of shares of seconds.

6. Zirhanka (Pinguicula)

The girlfriend belongs to the group of carnivorous plants, which use sticky, fermented leaves in order to lure and digest insects. Nutrients obtained from insects complement the soil, poor minerals. There are approximately 80 species of these plants in North and South America, Europe and Asia.

Fat leaves juicy and usually have bright green or pink color. There are two special types of cells located on the upper side of the leaves. One is known as flowering iron and consists of secretory cells located on the top of one stem cell. These cells produce a mucous secret, which forms visible drops on the surface of the leaves and acts as velcro. Other cells are called sedentary glands, and they are on the surface of the sheet, producing enzymes, such as amylase, protease and esterase, which contribute to the digestive process. While many types of girlfriend carnivore all year, many types form a dense winter outlet, which is not carnivorous. When summer comes, it flourishes, and he appears new carnivorous leaves.

7. Rosyanka (DROSERA)

Rosyanka is one of the largest clans of carnivorous plants, having at least 194 types. They are on all continents, with the exception of Antarctica. Rosyanka can form root or vertical outlets from 1 cm to 1 m in height and can live up to 50 years.

For Rosyankok, moving glandular tentacles are characterized, crowned with sweet sticky discharge. When the insect lands on sticky tentacles, then the plant begins to move the remaining tentacles in the direction of the victim in order to drive it into the trap. As soon as the insect turned out to be trapped, small seating glands absorb it and nutrients are coming to grow plants.

8. Biblis (BYBLIS)

Biblism or Rainbow Plant this is small view carnivorous plants come from Australia. The rainbow plant got its name for the attractive type of mucus, which covers the leaves in the sun. Despite the fact that these plants are similar to Rosyanka, they are not connected with the last and distinguished by zygomorphic flowers with five curved stamens.

Its leaves have a round cross section, and most often they are elongated and conical at the end. The surface of the leaves is fully covered with ferrous hairs, which highlight a sticky mucous membrane, which serves as a trap for small insects, sitting on the leaves or tentacles of the plant.

9. Aldrovda Bubble (Aldrovanda Vesiculosa)

Aldrand bubble - This is a magnificent non-bind, carnivorous water plant. It is usually powered by small water vertebrates using trap-drone.

The plant consists mainly of freely floating stems that reach 6-11 cm long. Leaves traps, a value of 2-3 mm, grow 5-9 curls in the center of the stem. Traps are attached to stiffs that contain air allowing the plant to float. This is a rapidly growing plant and it can reach 4-9 mm per day and in some cases produce a new curl every day. While the plant grows at one end, the other end gradually dies.

The trap of the plant consists of two pieces that slam like a trap. The holes of the traps are directed outside and covered with thin hairs that allow the trap to close around any sacrifice that turns out to be close enough. The trap slams down for tens of milliseconds, which is one of the examples of the rapid movement in the animal world.

10. Veinea Mukholovka (Dionaea Muscipula)

Venus flytrapPerhaps the most famous carnivorous plant that feeds in main insects and spider-shaped. This is a small plant having 4-7 leaves that grow from a short underground stem.

Sheet plate is divided into two areas: flat, long, in the shape of a heart capable of photosynthesis of petioles and a couple of final shares hanging from the main vein of the sheet that form a trap. The inner surface of these fractions contains a red pigment, and the edges are distinguished by mucus.

Dionaea Muscipula VS Caterpillar

Sheet shares do a sharp movement, slamming when its sensory hairs are stimulated. The plant is so developed that it can distinguish a living stimulus from non-living. The leaves slam it in 0.1 second. They are bored with rigid, like cubs with cilias that hold prey. As soon as the victim came across, the inner surface of the leaves is gradually stimulated, and the edges of the shares grow and merge, closing the trap and creating a closed stomach, where the extraction is digested.

Why are victims of these plants voluntarily climb into deadly traps? Crystrous plants share their secrets.

Venusa Mukholovka slams the trap, if twice touch its tiny hairs.

The hungry fly is looking for how to get started. After having a smell, similar to the fragrance of nectar, she sits on a fleshy red sheet - it seems to her that this is an ordinary flower. While the fly drinks a sweet liquid, it hurts the laptice of tiny hairs on the surface of the sheet, then another one ... And here the walls grow around the flies. The gear edges of the sheet are closed, like jaws. The fly is trying to break out, but the drone is closed firmly. Now, instead of nectar, the leaf is distinguished by enzymes dissolving the insect's inside, gradually turning them into sticky crawl. Muhu has suffered the greatest humiliation, which only may fall to the share of an animal: a plant killed her.

Tropical non-tapenes attracts insects with a sweet aroma, but you should be uncompressed to sit down on his slippery rim, how they immediately sculp into his expansion womb.

Plants against animals.

The swampy savanna extending 140 kilometers around Willmington (North Carolina, USA) is the only place on Earth, where Venereine Mukholovka (Dionaea Muscipula) is a radical inhabitant. There are also other types of prey plants - not so famous and not so rare, but no less amazing. For example, nonpentens (Nepenthes) with jugs similar to champagne glasses, where insects are found (and sometimes animals bigger). Or Rossera (DROSERA), clamping a victim with sticky hairs, and a bubbletone (utricularia), a submarine plant, suction mining like a vacuum cleaner.

Many predator plants (and such more than 675 species) use passive traps. The girlfriend is bristing with sticky hairs, which hold the insect while the digestive fluid works.

Pets feed on animals cause an inexplicable alarm. Probably the fact is that such an order of things contradicts our submission of universe. The famous Naturalist Karl Linny, which created a system for the classification of wildlife in the XVIII century, which we still use, refused to believe that it is possible. After all, if Venusa Mukholovka is in fact devouring insects, it violates the order of nature, headed by God. Linny believed that the plants catch insects randomly, and if the unfortunate buckacha stops twice, it will be released.

Australian Rosyanka attracts bugs with droplets, similar to the dew, and then worst with their hairs.

Charles Darwin, on the contrary, fascinated the self-welfare behavior of green predators. In 1860, soon after the scientist first saw one of these plants (it was Rosyanka) on the herasskal wastely, he wrote: "Rosyanka is interested in me more than the origin of all kinds of light."

The silhouettes of caught insects, as if the shadows of the theater of the Shadows, look through the sheet of Philippine Nevenchles. The wax surface of the inner wall of the jug does not give insect to get to freedom, and enzymes at its bottom are removed from the victim nutrients.

Darwin spent not one month for experiments. He saved flies on the leaves of predatory plants and watched, as those slowly compress the hairs around their victim; He even threw the pieces of raw meat and egg yolk to the voracious plants. And I found out: in order to cause the reaction of the plant, there is enough weight of the human hair.

Having hated the smell of food, the cockroach looks into the jug. Insectivores, like other plants, are engaged in photosynthesis, but most of them live in swamps and in other places where the soil is poor in nutrients. Nitrogen, which they get, fighting with their victims, helps them feel great in these difficult conditions.

"It seems to me that it is hardly for someone who happened to observe a more amazing phenomenon in the plant kingdom," the scientist wrote. At the same time, Rosyanka did not pay much attention to water droplets, even if they fell from a high height. To respond to false alarm during the rain, Darwin reasoned, it would be a big mistake for a plant - so this is not an accident, but a natural adaptation.

Most of the predator plants of alone insects eat, and others are forced to help them in reproduction. In order not to catch the potential pollinator for lunch, the sarration holds flowers away from the jugs-traps - on long stems.

Subsequently, Darwin explored other types of predator plants, and in 1875 summarized the results of his observations and experiments in the book "Insectivorest plants". Especially he admired the extraordinary speed and the power of a venerable flybut, which he called one of the most amazing plants in the world. Darwin found that when the leaf is closed by the edge, it turns into a "stomach" that distinguishes enzymes that dissolve production.

Their buds hang, like Chinese lanterns, lubricating the bees in difficult to constructed pollen cameras.

During the long observations, Charles Darwin came to the conclusion: a predator sheet to open again, it takes more than a week. Probably, he suggested, the cloves along the edges of the sheet are not even until the end so that very small insects can escape the flight, and the plant, therefore, it would not have to spend energy on low-heropy food.

Some predator plants, such as Rosyanka, can polliate themselves, if there are volunteer insects and do not appear.

The lightning reaction of the Venus Mukholovka - her trap slams down over the tenth of a second - Darwin compared with the abbreviation of animal muscles. However, plants have neither muscles or nerve endings. How do they manage to react exactly like animals?

If the adhesive hairs can't grab a large fly quite tight, insect, albeit the crumpled, break free. In the world of predator plants, says William McLuffly, the US Botanical Garden, it happens that the insects die, and the "hunters" remain hungry.

Vegetable electricity.

Nowadays, biologists studying cells and DNA begin to understand how these plants hunt, eat and digest food - and most importantly, as they "learned" to do it. Alexander Volkov, a specialist in the physiology of plants from the Okwood University (Alabama, USA), is convinced: after many years of research, he finally managed to reveal the secret of the veneree mukholovka. When the insect touches the paw of hairs on the surface of the flybut leaf, a tiny electric discharge occurs. The charge is accumulated in the sheet tissue, but it is not enough so that the slamming mechanism worked is insurance against false alarm. But most often the insect hurts yet hairs, adding to the first category the second, and the sheet closes.

On the South African Royal Rosyanka, the largest representative of the kind, the flower blooms. Leaves of this magnificent plant can reach a half-meter in length.

Experiments of Volkova show that the discharge moves down the tunnels filled with a liquid, penetrating the sheet, and this makes it open in the cell walls. Water rushes out of cells located on the inner surface of the sheet, to what are located on the outer side, and the leaf at the same time quickly changes the form: it becomes concave from the convex. Two sheets are collapsed, and the insect turns out to be in the Western.

Tiny, frosted-size, insectivorous plant of the genus Cefalotus from Western Australia prefers to be touched by crawling insects. Direct hairs and mounted smell, it puts ants to his digestive subsoil.

The underwater trap of bubbles is arranged no less intense. She pumps water from bubbles, lowering pressure in them. When water flea or some small creature, sailing past, hurts the hairs on external surface The bubble, its cover opens, and low pressure carries water inside, and with it - and prey. In one five hundredth of a second of a second, the lid shakes again. Then the cells of the bubble pump out water, restoring the vacuum in it.

The North American hybrid filled with water seduces the bech of the promise of nectar and the rim, which looks like an ideal landing site. Feed meat - not the most effective way for the plant to ensure itself with the necessary substances, but, undoubtedly, one of the most extravagant.

Many other types of predator plants resemble a sticky tape from the flies: they grab prey with sticky hairs. Sugar studies resort to other strategy: insects they catch in long leaves - jugs. The largest depth of the jugs reaches a third meter, and they can even digest any non-rigorous frog or rat.

The deadly trap of the jug becomes due to chemicals. NEPENTHES RAFFLESIANA, for example, the calmantane growing in the jungle, distinguishes nectar, on the one hand, attracting insects, and on the other, a slippery film on which they cannot resist. Insects, descending on the rim of the jug, are clenched inside and fall into a viscous digestive fluid. They are desperately moving their paws, trying to free themselves, but the liquid pulls them on the bottom.

Many predator plants have special gigners that allocate enzymes are strong enough to penetrate the solid chitine insect shell and get to the nutrients hiding under it. But the purple sarration, occurring in the swamps and scanty sandy soils in North America, other organisms attract to digest food.

Sarration helps to function a complex food network, which includes mosquito larvae, small midges, simplest and bacteria; Many of them can live only in this environment. The animals crush the prey falling in the jug, and the fruits of their works are organisms in bed. In the end, sarration absorbs nutrients that allocate during this feast. "Thanks to the animals in this processing chain, all reactions are accelerated," says Nicholas Gotelley from Vermont University. - When the digestive cycle is over, the plant pumped into a jug of oxygen so that its inhabitants have something to breathe. "

Thousands of sarrations grow on the swamps of the Harvard forest belonging to the University of the same name, in Central Massachusetts. Aaron Ellison, the main ecologist of the forest, together with Gotelley, is trying to figure out which evolution reasons prompted representatives of flora to develop a tendency to meat diet.

Predator plants clearly benefit from the eating animals: the more flies they feed researchers, the better they grow. But what exactly is the victims? From them predators get nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients to produce capturing light enzymes. In other words, eating animals allows predator plants to do what all representatives of the flora are engaged in: growing, getting energy from the sun.

The work of green predators is not easy. They have to spend a huge amount of energy on the creation of adaptations for animal catch: enzymes, pumps, sticky hairs and other things. Sarration or Mukholovka cannot a lot of photosynthesis, because, unlike plants with conventional leaves, their leaves have no solar panels that can absorb light in large quantities. Ellison and Gotelley believe that the benefits of a carnivorous life outweigh the costs of its maintenance only under special conditions. Poor soil swamps, for example, contains little nitrogen and phosphorus, so there are predator plants there is an advantage over collections that produce these substances with more familiar ways. In addition, there are no shortage of the sun on the swamps, therefore, even ineffective plant predators are caught enough light for survival.

Nature more than once went on such a compromise. Comparing DNA of the predatory and "ordinary" plants, scientists found that various groups of predators are evolutionally related to each other, but appeared independently of each other at least in six cases. Some predator plants, externally similar, have only distant kinship. And the tropical genus NEPENTHES, and the North American Sarracenia possess the leaves-jugs and for fishing uses the same strategy, but they come from different ancestors.

Bloodthirsty, but defenseless.

Unfortunately, the most properties that allow plant predators to flourish in not the most common natural conditions make them extremely sensitive to change in the environment. Many Marsh of North America enters excess nitrogen - the fertilizer of surrounding agricultural areas and emissions of power plants. Predator plants are so ideally adapted to the low nitrogen content in the soil, which cannot cope with this unexpected "gift". "In the end, they just die from overvoltage," says Ellison.

Other danger comes from people. Illegal trade in predatory plants is common so wide that nerds try to keep in the secret of places where some meet rare species. Poachers thousands of Venus Mukholovka from North Carolina and sell them from roadside trays. Agricultural Department of the State for some time marks wild paint specimens by safe paint, invisible with usual lighting, but flickering in ultraviolet rays so that inspectors, finding these plants on sale, could quickly determine where they are from the greenhouse or from the swamp.

Even if the poaching succeeds to stop (which also causes doubts), predator plants will continue to suffer from many misfortunes. Wednesday of their habitat disappears, giving way to shopping centers and residential quarters. Forest fires are not allowed to get roaring, why other plants get the opportunity to grow quickly and win rivalry with veneree flies.

Flies maybe this is happy. But for those who admire the amazing ingenuity of evolution, this is a big loss.

Nature does not get tired of surprising with their mysteries and surprises. It would seem that the stalks with the leaves, and also carnivorous! It turns out that there is a fairly significant category of plants living in someone else's death. These are the so-called "plutonians" - by the name of the mysterious Lord of Death and Renaissance - Pluto. More common names are "insectivorous plants" and "predator plants".

These plants are extensive proof of the mysteriousness of evolution. For example, to survive in shady wet places, the so-called epiphytes move to live on a higher and powerful neighbor, however, without harm to it; Predator plants, as scientists consider, evolved due to the extreme lack of nitrogen in the soil.

About 500 species of predator plants are known. For the most famous "predators" - Rosyanok, non-Tentes and Sarration - the main part of the production is insects (hence another name of these plants - insectivores). Others are water bubbles and aldreeds - they catch most often plankton crustaceans. There are such "predatory" plants that feed on fry, tadpoles or even toads and lizards. There are three groups of such insectivore plants - these are plants with leaf-traps, whose halves of the leaves with the teeth on the edge slaughters tightly, plants with velcro leaves, in which the hairs on the leaves highlight the sticky liquid attracting insects, and plants that have the leaves Awe to a lid filled with water.

Why does the predation plants?
The fact is that all the predatory plants grow on poor soils, such as peat or sand. In such conditions, less competition among plants (few people can survive here), and the ability to catch live prey, split and absorb the animal protein replenishes the deficit of mineral nutrition. Especially numerous predatory plants on wet soils, swamps and tops, where they compensate from the caught nitrogen shortage of animals. As a rule, they are brightly painted, and it attracts insects, accustomed to associate a bright color with the presence of nectar.

What is characteristic of predator plants?

They have different adaptations for trapping small animals, mostly insects and spider-sifted, digest their victims by "digestive juice", isolated by special glands, and suck the resulting nutritional, complementing the nitrogen necessary to them obtained from the soil, nitrogen from animal tissues. The leaves are usually converted into the insect trapping bodies. They are covered with glue, carry sticky hairs, can bend inside, closing like palm collected in a fist. The leaf can be turned into a lid with a cap from which the insect caught there cannot get out.

There is reason to believe that some cultural plants It is not averse to being "meat" so, rainwater accumulates on the grounds, and rainwater leaves, and small water organisms are multiplied - infusories, provitts, worms, insect larvae. There are suspicions that Pineapple is able to digest them and assimilate them.

The most famous types:

Sundew

Rod DROSERA (Rosyanka) includes about 130 species of plants. They live in tropical swamps, and in lengthy soils of the Australian subtropics, and even behind the polar circle in the tundra. IN middle lane Russia can meet Rosyanka round-headed. Usually, Rosyanka catch small insects, but some species are capable of catching and larger prey.
Rosyanka leaves are covered with red or bright orange hairs, each of which is crowned with a brilliant droplet of fluid. Tropical Rosyanok leaves resemble a necklace of many hundreds of sparkling beads in the sun. But this is a deadly necklace: attracted by glitter droplets, a reddish coloring sheet and his smell, the insect is knitting in a sticky surface.
The desperate attempts of the victim of the freedom lead to the fact that there are increasingly adjacent hairs to it, and in the end it turns out to be covered with adhesive mucus. Insect dies. Then Rosyanka distinguishes the enzyme dissolving production. Alternatively, only wings, chitinous cover and other solids remain intact. If not one insect sits on the sheet, but at once two, then the hairs as it were to share their responsibilities and cope with both.

Zirivanka

It acts almost as well as Rosyanka, luring insects with the sticky discharge of their long, narrowing to the end of the leaves, assembled into the roasting outlet. Sometimes the edges of the leaves bend inside, and the prey in such a tray is locked. Then other leaf cells are released by digestive enzymes. After absorbing the "dish", the sheet turns around and ready to act again.

Venus flytrap

Dionaea includes only one kind of Dioneae Muscipulata, a better known venereine mukholovka. This is the only plant in which the fishing of insects rapidly move the traps can be observed even with the naked eye. In the nature of the Mukholovka is found on the swamps of North and South Carolina.
In adult plants, the maximum trap size is 3 cm. Depending on the time of year, the type of trap changes noticeably. In the summer, when a lot of production, the trap is brightly painted (usually dark red) and reaches maximum sizes. In winter, when mining is small, traps decrease in size. Through the edges of the sheet there are thick spines, similar to the teeth, each sheet ("jaw") is equipped with 15-20 teeth, and in the middle of the sheet - three watchdogs. Insect or other creature attracted by a bright sheet, may not touch these hairs. The trap collapse occurs only after two-time irritation of hairs in the range from 2 to 20 seconds. It protects traps from the trigger during the rain.
Pickup trap is no longer possible. If the sheet is missing or something will fall into it, it will open again in half an hour. Otherwise, it will remain closed until he digesors to the sacrifice, which takes up to several weeks. As a rule, the leaves before measuring and change new, they are triggered in this way only two to three times.

Nonpopens

Rod includes about 80 species of plants from tropical rain forests. Most of them are Liana, reaching several meters, but there are low shrubs. Neventane traps are adapted to catch very large prey. The largest non-tentures can catch small rodents, toads and even birds. However, the usual mining for them is insects.
Nepenses catch prey completely differently than all other predatory plants. In their tubular leaves, rainwater rainwater accumulates. In some tip of the sheet rolled like a funnel, in which water flows inside; Others, he bent over the hole and covers it, limiting the amount of incoming moisture to prevent overflow at heavy rains. On the outer side of the jug from top to bottom, two toothed wings pass, serving both for the support of the jug and for the direction of crawling insects. On the inside edge of the jug there are cells that highlight sweet nectar. Under them - a lot of hard hairs facing a book, - a bristly frequency, which does not give the victim to get out of the jug. Wax, which is highlighted by the cells of the smooth leaf surface of the majority of non-tentures, makes this surface so slippery that no claws, hooks or suckers can help the victim. Once in such a guy trap, the insect is doomed, it descends increasing deeper into the water - and sinks. At the bottom of the pitcher, the insect decomposes, and its soft parts are absorbed by the plant.
Nententaines (pitchers) are sometimes called "hunting cups", since the liquid contained in them can be drunk: on top in a jug pure water. Of course, somewhere below are undigested solid remnants of "dinners" of plants. But with a known caution, it is not to get to them, and almost every jug contains a sip, otherwise there is a lot more water.

Sarration

Rod has 9 species from the Sarrezenovoy family. All representatives of the family are marsh plants. Flowers are very bright. And even the ill-sarceing sarrations draw attention to: emerald, with a thick grid of raspberry veins, stretching with sweet juice leaf traps resemble fabulous flowers. Attracted by a bright trap, insects sit on a trap and die.

Darlingtonia (Darlingtonia) - Swampy plant of North America, one of the strangest in the world: amazes with his jars in the form of a hood of a cobra, who prepared for the attack (from here and another name - Cobra Plant). Insects come across the smell, and the hairs on the walls of the leaves provide movement only down.

In Australia you can meet Giant Biblis Gigantea (Byblis Gigantea), completely covered with leap-hairs and glands with a very adhesive agent. It is about him that it still has rumors like a cannibal plant. According to legends, the remains of people have often found near these plants. Local aborigines used its leaves as super-glue.

Home predators

It is believed that predator plants cannot be kept at home. They are really most often dying after a while, nevertheless there are types of predator plants that are most suitable for room conditions. This is Venereine Mukholovka, various Rosyanka, small species, tropical granasses and most types of sarrations.

Venus Mukholovka is grown in a rough fiber peat. Plant requires the maximum sunlight Throughout the year, and in winter, when the sunlight is missing, the plants have to highlight. Watering in the summer abundantly, even better keep pots with plants by a third immersed in water, using boiled or rainwater. In winter, watering is reduced, but do not allow complete drying of the soil. Requires high humidity air.

The cultivation of individual hybrid types of non-charged is not much labor, with the only reservation that they require constant high humidity for the formation of jugs. Nepentiles are grown on the ground, consisting of a fibrous peat and a sfagnum moss or on pure moss sphagnum. The main thing is that the soil is always loose and well aerated. Watering these plants should be abundant and soft water, not allowing the slightest drying.

Many representatives of Rosyanok are very difficult to keep in room conditions. Nevertheless, some tropical species of Rosyanok are very unpretentious and can grow in aquariums at high humidity, since their leaves are very gentle and in a dry atmosphere of the room easily dry. The most suitable for cultivation in room conditions is considered to be South African Rossera Drosra Aicia and the American Rosyanka Capillaris (this is the most enduring Rosyanka).

Sarration is perfectly growing in the room without special care. Soil mixture It should be loose and not nutritious: washed quartz sand, cutting sphagnum and riding peat (1: 2: 3) with the addition of pieces of wood coal. Often, sarration suffer from the convergence, so they need a good drainage. Watering - distilled or clean snow (rain) water. The optimal place for them in the apartment is a window sill, it is best under a constantly ajar window, wintering at T 10-15 ° C.

Venus Mukholovka loves children and adults, they stick to the fingers there and watch how little soft mouth is slammed. Amazing the fact that the reaction rate is only one thirtieth share of a second! This plant also knows how to play the game "Edible-inedible", and if the food is suitable, the sheet will open again only after 6-10 days. But if the leaf slammed in vain, then after 1-2 days, the mukholovka will again be hunting.

It was the Venereine Mukholovka who is most often bred at home and begin to feed. Suitable and caught flies, and even small pieces of ordinary meat. Therefore, if you settled such an exotic in your house, covering the meat table, do not forget to invite your green friend to him.

Predatory plants can be called a miracle of nature with confidence. Nature itself took care that the plants settled soils with insufficient moisture and minerals remained alive. For this, they have the ability to receive nutrients from insects and arthropods. All predatory plants have various mechanisms and devices for catching production, but combines their amazing beauty that makes potential victims, a small size (prevails), well, and their carnivorous food of course.

Pleasant viewing and wonderful mood!

So, let's go.

Sundew

Most famous appearance Predatory plant in our latitudes. At the moment, scientists recorded about 185 species of Rosyanka. Characteristic feature Rosyanka is the presence of tentacles-hairs covered with adhesive agents similar to the dew. As soon as the insect is glued, the leaflets are folded and small glands begin to digest the victim and absorb nutrients, due to which the plant lives. Rosyanka "works" only on insects, water drops and dry leaves the plant ignores.

Venus flytrap

Veinelery Mukholovka is also widely known among the plants a predator common in our territories. It belongs to the family of Rosyanka. Feed in insects and slugs. Its removal mechanism is based on the slam of two halves of a sheet, which, when triggered, forms the "stomach" of the plant, in which the digestion and absorption of beneficial substances occurs. The process can take up to ten days. In every trap during her life, about three insects fall on average.

Jug

Most of the 130 species of the jug or nonpopens settled in tropical Asia and similar latitude. For the most part, these are shrub or semi-staple lianas, which for fishing use the trap in the shape of a jug. The jug contains a liquid extracted by a plant. When insects fall into it, they are drowning and "flower" absorbs nutrients from them. Larger plants can digest even small animals: lizards, mice, birds. The plant has a second name - "Monkey Cup", as people often noticed the monkeys drank rainwater from them.

Darlingtonia dwells on swamps in North America and is considered a rare plant. His second name "Liliya Cobra" received a predator thanks to appearance: the plant has a long stem and leaf leafs resembling a hood of cobra, each of which is a jug. Insects attract the smell of a jar, and getting inside, they are confused by penetrating light through thinning on the surface of the plant, fall into the liquid in which they drown and digest.

Pemphigus

This plant has about 220 species that are found in fresh waters and wet soil on all continents. These are the only carnivorous plants that have a bubble trap. Bubbles of the Predatnik are under negative pressure compared to environmental, Therefore, when opening the hole of the trap, water along with mining rushes inside the trap, which immediately closes. Small types of bubbles feed on the simplest, larger - water fleas and even thaws. Its an amazing feature is that when favorable conditions occur, it can grow root and stop feeding alive creatures.

Zirivanka

The girlfriend refers to the family of bubbles, but somehow it is not very similar to them. The girlfriend has roots, and juicy leaves are assembled into the root rosette and are a hunting mechanism of the plant. The leaves produce a sticky substance that are covered with enzymes that digest food. When the prey sticks, the sheet slowly begins to twist, and the mucus is already starting to digest. Many types of girlfriend for the winter form a winter outlet, which is incredible, and a carnivore leaves appear on the plant with the onset of summer.

Biblism

Biblis is externally similar to Rosyanka, but from the point of view of botany, the relationship ends on this. The plant from Australia is a shrub, some species of which can reach 50-70 cm. In Motherland, biblis is referred to as a "rainbow plant" due to colorful overflows in the sun of the mucus, which are covered with numerous hairs located on the leaves of the plant. Sticky substance at the same time is passive trap for insects.

Externally, the leaves of Heliamphic resemble cone-shaped lines, at the top of the not completely closed. Such a structure allows the plant to accumulate moisture, taking insects and avoid full flooding of the jug. The insect attracted by the liquid is descended along the smooth surface of the sheet, hoping on the bristles, but it can no longer get back, as the bristles are directed down, and sinking. Well, the flower successfully digested it and expects new prey.

Sarration

Sarration is a growing leaves from the root system, twisted into a funnel and forming trap. Closer to the edge of the sheet expand and form a lid-canopy, protecting the digestive juice of the plant from the rain. Insects are lured by the aroma of nectar, and then they can no longer get out on slippery surface, die and digested with a flower. Motherland is America, but our plant has gained popularity and since ancient times, some species are grown as indoor flowers.

Aldrand bubble

Aldend is a water predator. The plant has no roots, so it floats freely in the reservoir. As a rule, it is powered by small water larvae and small crustaceans. Alded Streach bubble also belongs to the family of Rosyanka, and the hunting mechanism, like a veneree flyover: when mining on a piece of leaflet, it instantly folds in half. Some leaves of this hunter after their first catch die, but rapidly growing new leaves compensate for the loss.

Do you think the list of killer plants ends? Nothing like this. Moreover, plants can kill not only small defenseless insects. Read about this and many other things in the following articles.

Excellent mood for the whole day!

Among all strange plants in the world, there are even those that absorb the flesh.

Well, maybe not quite flesh, but insects, but, nevertheless, they are considered carnivorous. All carnivorous plants are located in places where the soil is poor nutrients.

These amazing plants belong to carnivorous, as they catch insects and arthropods, isolated digestive juice, dissolve the victim and during this process some or most of the nutrients are obtained.

Here are the most famous predatory plants that use different types of traps in order to lure their victim.

1. Sarration (Sarracenia.)

Sarration or the North American insectivore plant is a genital carnivorous plants, which are found in the areas of the Eastern Coast of North America, in Texas, in the Great Lakes, in Southeast Canada, but most of the world is located only in southeastern states.

This plant uses the curb leaves in the form of a lummy as a trap. The leaves of the plant turned into a funnel with an education similar to a hood, which grows above the hole, preventing rainwater from entering, which can dilute digestive juices.

Insects attracts color, smell and secretion, similar to nectar on the edge of the pita. A slippery surface and a narcotic substance, bordering nectar, contribute to the fact that insects fall inside, where they die and digest with protease and other enzymes.

2. NEVENTES. (NEPENTHES.)

Neventes, tropical insectivorous plant, this is another type of carnivorous plants with a trap, which uses curly leaves in the form of a lummy.

There are about 130 species of these plants, which are widespread in China, Malaysia, Indonesia, in the Philippines, Madagascar, Seychelles, in Australia, India, Borneo and Sumatra. This plant also received a nickname "Monkey Cup", as the researchers often observed how the monkeys drank rainwater from them.

Most of the types of nonpopens are high lianas, about 10-15 meters, with a small root system. From the stem is often visible leaves with a mustache, which protrudes from the tip of the sheet and is often used for climbing. At the end of the mustache, the water lily forms a small vessel, which is then expanding and forms a bowl.

The trap contains a liquid released by a plant, which may have a watery or sticky structure, and in which the insects are drowning, which the plant eats. The lower part of the bowl contains glands that absorb and distribute nutrients.

Most of the plants are small and they only catch insects, but large species, such as NEPENTHES RAFFLESIANA. and NEPENTHES RAJAHcan catch small mammals such as rats.

3. Genlisay (Genlisea.)

Genlisay consists of 21 species, usually grows in a humid ground and semi-water medium and distributed in Africa and Central and South America.

Genlisay is small herbs with yellow flowers, which use a crab claw type trap. In such traps it is easy to get, but it is impossible to get out of them because of small hairs that grow to the entrance or, as in this case, forward over the helix.

These plants have two different types of leaves: photosynthetic leaves above the ground and special underground leaves that lure, catch and digest small organisms, such as the simplest. Underground leaves also perform the role of roots, such as water absorption and attachment, since the plant itself is not.

These underground leaves underground form hollow tubes that have a kind of spiral. Small microbes fall into these tubes with a stream of water, but cannot leave them. When they get to the exit, they will already be digested.

4. Darlingtonia California (Darlingtonia Californica.)

Darlingtonia California is the only representative of the type of Darlington, which grows in Northern California and Oregon. It grows in swamps and springs with cold running water and is considered a rare plant.

Darlingtonia leaves have a bulbous shape and form a cavity with a hole located under bloating, like a balloon, a structure and two sharp sheets that hang like fangs.

Unlike many carnivorous plants, it does not use the curb leaves for the trap, but use a crab claw type trap. As soon as the insect turns out inside, they are confusing the speck of the light that pass through the plant.

They land in thousands of thick thin hairs that grow inside. Insects can follow the hairs deep into digestive organs, but can not go back.

5. Bubble (Utricularia.)

A bubble is a genus of carnivorous plants consisting of 220 species. They are found in fresh water or wet soil as ground or water species on all continents, with the exception of Antarctica.

These are the only predatory plants that use a bubble trap. Most species have very small traps in which they can catch very small prey, such as the simplest.

Traps are from 0.2 mm to 1.2 cm, and larger extraction fall into large traps, such as water flea or tadpoles.

Bubbles are under negative pressure in relation to the surrounding stop. The hole of the trap opens, sucks the insect and the surrounding water, closes the valve, and all this happens for thousands of shares of seconds.

6. Zirhanka (Pinguicula.)

The girlfriend belongs to the group of carnivorous plants, which use sticky, fermented leaves in order to lure and digest insects. Nutrients obtained from insects complement the soil, poor minerals. There are approximately 80 species of these plants in North and South America, Europe and Asia.

The fat leaves are juicy and usually have bright green or pink color. There are two special types of cells located on the upper side of the leaves. One is known as flowering iron and consists of secretory cells located on the top of one stem cell.

These cells produce a mucous secret, which forms visible drops on the surface of the leaves and acts as velcro. Other cells are called sedentary glands, and they are on the surface of the sheet, producing enzymes, such as amylase, protease and esterase, which contribute to the digestive process.

While many types of girlfriend carnivore all year, many types form a dense winter outlet, which is not carnivorous. When summer comes, it flourishes, and he appears new carnivorous leaves.

7. Rosyanka (DROSERA.)

Rosyanka is one of the largest clans of carnivorous plants, having at least 194 types.

They are on all continents, with the exception of Antarctica. Rosyanka can form root or vertical outlets from 1 cm to 1 m in height and can live up to 50 years.

For Rosyankok, moving glandular tentacles are characterized, crowned with sweet sticky discharge.

When the insect lands on sticky tentacles, then the plant begins to move the remaining tentacles in the direction of the victim in order to drive it into the trap.

As soon as the insect turned out to be trapped, small seating glands absorb it and nutrients are coming to grow plants.

8. Biblis (Byblis)

Biblism or rainbow plant This is a small look of carnivorous plants from Australia. The rainbow plant got its name for the attractive type of mucus, which covers the leaves in the sun.

Despite the fact that these plants are similar to Rosyanka, they are not connected with the last and distinguished by zygomorphic flowers with five curved stamens.

Its leaves have a round cross section, and most often they are elongated and conical at the end.

The surface of the leaves is fully covered with ferrous hairs, which highlight a sticky mucous membrane, which serves as a trap for small insects, sitting on the leaves or tentacles of the plant.

9. Aldrange bubble (Aldrovanda vesiculosa.)

Alded Bubble - this is a magnificent self-link, carnivorous water plant. It is usually powered by small water vertebrates using trap-drone.

The plant consists mainly of freely floating stems that reach 6-11 cm long. Leaves traps, a value of 2-3 mm, grow 5-9 curls in the center of the stem. Traps are attached to stiffs that contain air allowing the plant to float.

This is a rapidly growing plant and it can reach 4-9 mm per day and in some cases produce a new curl every day. While the plant grows at one end, the other end gradually dies.

The trap of the plant consists of two pieces that slam like a trap. The holes of the traps are directed outside and covered with thin hairs that allow the trap to close around any sacrifice that turns out to be close enough.

The trap slams down for tens of milliseconds, which is one of the examples of the rapid movement in the animal world.

10. Veinelery Mukholovka (Dionaea Muscipula.)

Veineree Mukholovka, perhaps the most famous carnivorous plant, which is powered in the main insects and spider-shaped. This is a small plant having 4-7 leaves that grow from a short underground stem.

Sheet plate is divided into two areas: flat, long, in the shape of a heart capable of photosynthesis of petioles and a couple of final shares hanging from the main vein of the sheet that form a trap.

The inner surface of these fractions contains a red pigment, and the edges are distinguished by mucus.

Sheet shares do a sharp movement, slamming when its sensory hairs are stimulated. The plant is so developed that it can distinguish a living stimulus from non-living.

The leaves slam it in 0.1 second. They are bored with rigid, like cubs with cilias that hold prey.

As soon as the victim came across, the inner surface of the leaves is gradually stimulated, and the edges of the shares grow and merge, closing the trap and creating a closed stomach, where the extraction is digested.