Agree that when we are talking about a well, most of us have a persistent association with ideally clean and delicious drinking water. Surely, weighty contribution In this sustainable opinion, literary works were made - very often "crystal clean well water" is mentioned in them. In addition, many have their own experience when several sips become tremendous during the campaign on the summer cold water From the source that has enjoyed - it does seem to be amazingly clean and fresh.

But here are those people who use water from a well or well constantly, often there is a different opinion on this. Alas, but the quality of autonomous water supply sources is very often far from ideal, but also from established permissible sanitary standards. And in order to use the source to be completely safe and most comfortable, use special water treatment systems, which include a variety of filters and fine water purification principles.

Autonomous sources of water supply extremely rarely can "boast" absolute purity of water. Neither surface aquifers from which wells feed, nor deep, which are drilled well are insured against certain types of pollution. All this has an explanation - such manifestations are caused by both ordinary natural processes, and man-made factors, to which, by the way, often have to have a violation of construction technologies and equipment of water intake points or violation of their rules.

How are the sources of autonomous water supply are created?

For each type of water intake, there are their own rules for its creation and equipment. In special publications of our portal, you can find a lot of useful information on how independently, and how then from water intake points.

• What features can be distinguished water from wells?

Most nearby To the surface of the Earth, the aquifers, naturally, are and most vulnerable to external negative impacts.

— First of allEven on the most favorable from the point of view of ecology, areas are constantly "biological circulation" - the soil is saturated with an organic matter, the natural process of its decomposition continuously occurs, and this in itself is the ideal conditions for the development of microbiological forms of life. Of course, all this "richest manifold" of microorganisms, including a pronounced pathogenic nature, has all the chances of leaving the water source used.

- The second component of the problem is pollution of the superficial layers of industrial emissions, car exhaust, spilled petroleum products, chemicals of agrotechnical or even domestic applications. All this is actively transferred together with a thaw or stormwater, absorbed into the soil and may well get into the upper aquifers. Often, the improper equipment of the well contributes to this, in particular, the poor-quality external waterproofing.

As a result, water from the well, even enough deep, about 20 meters, can "give" by oil products, to have a pronounced putrid smell or a characteristic "aroma" of hydrogen sulfide. It is that even organolepticTo the touch, water has a mucous consistency or "blooms" is a clear sign of the abundant content of bacteria. But the smell - odor, but practically indefinable without special laboratory studies, but from this not becoming less dangerous, are salts of heavy metals, nitrite or nitrate compounds, pesticides and other pollutants components. And plus to everything - laid down gradually at the bottom of the well Il Il and washed sandy deposits. In short, the use of water from a well without purification is associated with very high risks.

• And what can I say about the well?

Here, it would seem, everything should be more prosperous? Surface contaminants in the lower aquifers are practically not penetrated, expressed biological activity is also not. However, not everything is so "rosy."

Water from the well is also able to present "surprises"

First of all, it should be noted that some types of microorganisms not only survive at considerable depths, but also actively multiply in such conditions. We are talking about so-called serochekteriums, the presence of which often leads to enough common The phenomenon is water from "clean", it would seem that the well after a certain period of time begins to smell the hydrogen sulfide.

And the second thing is that the wells inherent in other extremes are excessive mineralization of water. The constant contact of the aquatic layers with the formations of various geological rocks causes the oxilla saturation with salts - sulfide, carbonates, calcium and magnesium chlorides, dissolved iron, other inorganic components, depending on the structure of the soils in a particular region. Such water has pronounced rigidity, and causes a number of problems in its domestic use.

An unfolded picture on the state of consumed water, especially when there are no special external manifestations, only laboratory analysis is able to give. On its basis, it will be possible to properly plan the filtering system and water purification for specific conditions. It should be remembered that the state of autonomous sources is highly dependent on the time of the year and established weather, so that for the reliability of the picture, most likely, it will have to test a few samples divided by time and the most "extreme" periods - mass spring melting of snow, Peak hot dry weather and protracted autumn rains.

The problem of water purification, in many of its aspects, directly concerns the owners of even the housing, which is connected to the central water supply system. Even with a high-quality water-level water treatment process on the central water intake and on pine stations, the quality can be significantly reduced to consumers - due to the unsatisfactory state of old worn water supply communications.

A variety of devices for filtering and water purification is very large. But you can still highlight two main groups.

• The first is the filters of coarse water purification, that is, its mechanical filtering from suspended solid impurities. Without this "turn", the use of whatever do cleric systems will or impossible, or extremely ineffective.
• The second group is a fine cleaning device, which will already be directly dependent on the quality of a particular water source. This will be discussed below.

Mechanical water purification filters

As already mentioned, without a system of coarse filtering, it is probably not possible, in principle, it is impossible, no matter how much the purity of water is famous for its source. No one and nothing can guarantee the hitting of small grain or sludge, organic fibers, tagged particles that have broken from the walls of lime-plated fragments and t.P.. Such suspensions and are unpleasant in themselves, and lead to the tower of pipes, especially on fittings or turns, and quickly decompress the plumbing. The abrasive effect of solid inclusions "eats" rubber and polymeric seals, damages ceramic parts of cranes or cartridges of mixers. It can seriously suffer from this and large household appliances - washing or dishwashers, boilers, columns and other devices.

If an autonomous source of water supply is used, then, as a rule, the first turn of mechanical cleaning is already located on the most submersible pump or at the end of the fence sleeve. When the pumping equipment is selected, this moment is necessarily taken into account - based on the characteristics of the well, an open reservoir or a well.

How to choose the right pump for autonomous water supply?

Pumping equipment used to provide a residential building with water must meet a variety of requirements. The recommendations can be found in a special publication of the portal.

Of course, at this stage of primary filtration, only large suspensions are removed, and there is no reason for the acceptable purity of water. That's it now is the work for coarse filters.

Filters of primary mechanical water purification - grayEvika

The principle of their work is uncomplicated. Water passes through the cellular structure of a type or other, which does not allow weighted solid inclusions. The diameter (size) of the grid cell predetermines the cleaning depth. As a rule, if the conversation is about coarse filters, it meant in the retention of particles of 100 μm and higher. However, products are often found, which are also referred to as coarse filters, but possessing the ability to separate the inclusions with a diameter of about 50 μm.

In many coarse purification filters, the other principle is additionally used - their design is such that the flow of water falls into an expanding space where the sharply loses in speed, and the largest particles are settled at the bottom under the action of gravitational forces. Typically, such filters put on the "advanced positions", in front of the insertion into the plumbing system of the private or even a multi-storey urban home.

If there is an opportunity, you can install two, or even more coarse filters, naturally, with a gradual decrease in the size of the grid cell - this will achieve the optimal result with the smallest probability of the rapid exit of the devices or without the need for frequent flushing.

• Filters, the first to meet the flow of water from the source, cleaning it from the largest inclusions, are often called quite understandable thermal - mud. They may differ in size, the way of cutting into the pipe is flanged or coupling (threaded), design features. So, there are muds in the form of a vertically located cylinder - then the principle of gravitational sedimentation is used in them. Very common so-called "oblique" Mud, with the characteristic configuration of the filter chamber, located obliquely to the pipe.

All known "oblique" filter

All such muds require regular testing and cleaning from the accumulated sediment (sludge). To do this, they are equipped with threaded or flanged corks, after the removal of which access to the filtering mesh element and the accumulative chamber appears. Often under the plug there are magnetic inserts that attract iron-containing solid particles, thereby increasing the quality of filtration.

Mud - an important element of water supply systems and heating

Most used by living conditions Such class devices are also suitable for water pipes, and for heating circuits. More information about can be found in the special publication of the portal.

Metage filters of mechanical cleaning

Much more convenient and use, and regularly maintain meshwash filters.

They consist of a metal housing (pos. 1) with threaded couplings or pipes for cutting into the pipe (pos. 2). Many filters are immediately equipped with antiquity nuts ("American"), which extremely simplify the installation process and allow you to freely remove the product if necessary.

A metal or transparent plastic glass (pos. 3) is hermetically cooled on the housing. Inside it is placed a grid, usually performed by their food stainless steel (pos. 4). From the bottom, the glass ends with a crane and a drain nozzle that allows flushing with a filter with a flow of water.

More qualitative, definitely, is the reverse flushing - the flow of water, directed from the opposite side, is much better than the grid cells. In some filter models, this function is laid in their design. If not, you can simply be organized when installing the pipe wiring inverse loop, which allows you to temporarily redirect the flow of water during flushing.

Many filters are equipped with a pressure gauge (pos. 6), showing the pressure in the water supply. Pressure gauges can be two, at the entrance and at the exit - the difference of readings makes it possible to judge the degree of clogusion of the filter element. Often, such a filter is combined with pressure reducer - this makes it possible to adjust the pressure level of water, which is important for household appliances connected to the water supply.

The recognized leader in the production of such mesh filters is Noneywell. Its assortment of the Czech Republic is exceptively wide - from the simplest inexpensive types to equipped with a mechanism reverse flushing, or even self-cleaning - reverse flushing In automatic mode, as the filter element is clogged.

Some models of Noneywell Metched Filters are presented in Table:

Model	Illustration	Short description	Filtering cell size	Dimensions (Mounting Length × Height), Mass	average cost
FF06 1/2 "AA (Miniplus)		External threaded connection ½ "," American "in the kit. Brass case, transparent glass of shockproof plastic. Maximum water consumption - 1.5 m³ / hour. Pressure in the system - up to 1.6 MPa. There is no additional equipment.	100 microns	140 × 158 mm, 0.7 kg	2740 rub.
FF06 3/4 "AAM (MINIPLUS)		Connection ¾ ". Brass hull and a glass. Can be used for both cold and for hot water - Upper limit 80 ° C. The maximum flow rate is 3.0 m³ / hour, the pressure is 2.5 MPa. No extra equipment	100 microns	158 × 180 mm, 1.0 kg	3880 rub.
FK06 1/2 "AA		Connection ½ ". Brass case and transparent shockproof glass. For cold water - up to 40 ° C. The maximum input pressure is 1.6 MPa. Built-in pressure reducer with an adjustment range from 0.16 to 0.6 MPa. Peak consumption - 1.8 m³ / hour. There are two seating holes for installing pressure gauges at the inlet and outlet.	100 microns	140 × 245 mm, 0.7 kg	5200 rub.
FK06 3/4 "Aam		Filter for cleaning cold and hot water. Metal opaque glass. Connection ¾ ". The operating pressure at the input is 2.5 MPa. Built-in gearbox with a range from 0.15 to 0.6 MPa at the output. Popter consumption for domestic use - up to 2.9 m³ / hour.	100 microns	160 × 245 mm, 1.0 kg	7950 rub.
F74C 1 "AA		Filter mesh main for cleaning cold water (up to 30 ° C). Connection 1. Built-in reverse wash mechanism with filtered water. The ability to connect an automatic flushing drive. Ring-memo on the need for service. Consumption 4.0 m³ / hour. Operating pressure - from 0.15 to 1.6 MPa. Built-in pressure gauge.	Depending on the modification: Aa - 100 μm; AC - 50 μm; AD - 200 microns.	105 × 324 mm, 3.2 kg	11650 rub
F76S 1/2 "AA		Filter for cold water with an attachment ½ ", but high performance indicators - up to 3.2 m³ / hour. A manual reverse flushing mechanism or with automatic cleaning mode for a specified time (the unit is purchased separately). Built-in pressure gauge.	At the request of the consumer, a grid of a wide dimensional range is used: In - 20 microns; C - 50 μm; A - 100 μm; D - 200 microns. It is permissible to use inserts assembly with grids: E - 300 μm; F - 500 μm.	140 × 449 mm, 2.9 kg	13850 rub.

Noneywell's mesh filters are distinguished by the highest quality, and are always accompanied by a product passport with a mandatory guarantee of the manufacturer. Acquire them follows in specialized stores, so as not to run into the fake, which, unfortunately, is a lot.

Video: Filter net "Noneywell"

Mechanical Cleaning Filters Cartridge Type

Leaders in the breadth of use - cartridge (cartridge) type filters

It is very convenient to use the mechanical cleaning filters of the cartridge (cartridge) type. Among the household devices, they occupy one of the leading positions - due to low prices and ease of use.

Structurally, they consist of a housing (pos. 1) with threaded jacks for connecting to a water supply to ½; ¾ or 1 inch (pos.2). The case is usually equipped with a suspension system on the wall on Bracket (pos. 3) or console. Usually on top of the case there is a button or a plug (pos.4) for pushing pressure in the filter when servicing it. A cylinder (glass) from metal, opaque or transparent plastic is fastened to the housing (POS. 5). Compound sealing Ring gasket and a threaded coupling (pos. 6) (in some models, the flask itself has a threaded connection with the body). The filter kit includes a special key (pos. 70) for a sealed clay crimping.

Inside the cup is installed a replaceable cartridge (cartridge). It is always a hollow cylinder, the walls of which perform the filter function. Water when moving through the filter enters the external volume of the glass, it penetrates the cartridge machines into its inner cavity, and from there moves to the outlet of the filter. Naturally, the design of the filter and the cartridge involves the tight fit of them to each other so that the water does not find "loopholes" for a free passage.

The material and form of the filter walls of the cylindrical cartridge may vary. So, you can purchase a filter element from wound polypropylene threads (pos. but ), from the foamed spongy polypropylene (pos. in ), polypropylene corrugations. The polypropylene is chosen as a material is no coincidence - it is chemically inert and has certification for use in the food industry and for medical purposes, that is, unable to have a negative effect on water used in drinking purposes.

It is clear that such cartridges have a certain use resource, and after its development is subject to replacement. But you can purchase a cartridge and a mesh structure that can be maintained - cleaning and washing (pos. b. ).

The size of the overwhelming majority of cartridges is sustained in uniform standards: SLIM LINE or BIG VLUE with a length of 5, 10 or 20 inches.

Used, mostly filters of two standards - SLIM LINE (left) and Big Vlue with different cartridge long

The size of the filter cell of such cartridges can be so small (about 1 ÷ 5 μm), which is even difficult to call them with coarse cleaning filters. It is rather a system of fine mechanical filtering. But that such a device is not clogged with rapidly large inclusions, it is recommended to be installed after already mentioned mud or mesh filters.

The only drawback of such a scheme is the need to purchase a replaceable cartridge. However, the cost of them is low, and everyone can afford the regular replacement of the filter element.

Model	Illustration	Main characteristics	Filtering cell size	Price
PS-1M (5m; 10m; 20m)		Standard "Slim Line", size 10 "(254 mm). Filtration material - polypropylene foamed. For cold water (from +2 to + 35 ° C). Resource - up to 10 m³, but replacement at least 1 time in 6 months. Recommended performance - up to 10 l / min.		75 rub.
PP-1M (5m; 10m; 20m)		All data are similar to those indicated above. The difference is the filter element from the wound polypropylene cord ("Rope").	Depending on the model - 1; five; 10 or 20 μm	90 rubles.
EL-5M (20m)		The difference is a filtering element from a corrugated polypropylene nonwoven canvas. The cartridge is withstanding up to 6 flushing cycles. Filtration speed - up to 20 l / min.		200 rubles.
NET-10.		Slim Line Standard Cartridge with a mesh polymer structure that allows regular maintenance (flushing). Filtration speed - up to 50 l / min.	150 microns	220 rub.
PS-5M-10BB (10m, 20m)		Standard "Big Blue", Length 10 ". Material - polypropylene foamed. Recommended consumption - up to 15 l / min. Resource - up to 20 m³, but with mandatory replacement every six months.		280 rubles.
PP-5M-10BB (10m; 20m)		The same, but from the winding polypropylene.	Depending on the model - 5; 10 or 20 μm	370 rub.
EL-5M-10BB (20m)		The difference is the filter element of their polypropylene corrugations with the possibility of up to 6 flushing. Filtration speed - up to 30 l / min.	Depending on the model - 5 or 20 microns	500 rubles.
NetSS-10BB.		Mesh stainless steel cartridge, Blue Blue standard 10 ". Filtration speed - up to 200 l / min.	150 microns	3000 rub.

For more productive filters of the Big Blue standard with a length of 20 inches, the corresponding cartridges are also available, as a whole repeating the structure of the element and the size of the cells of the models specified in the table. Naturally, they have a larger resource - up to 40 m³, above the filtration rate. But the frequency of shift (or washing - for serviced models) is still kept single - at least 1 time in 6 months. Accordingly, the price is higher and the price of products.

Very large ease of filters of SLIM Line and Big Vlue standards also in the fact that their housings are fully universal - cartridges can be used in them not only for mechanical water purification, but also for a deeper, which will be discussed in the next section.

Filters and devices of thin water purification

Removal from the mass of the incoming water of solid inclusions does not solve all problems. As already mentioned, a special problem is dissolved in mineral liquids or organic substancesMicroorganisms in it - all this can make water unsuitable for food, dangerous for use or, at best, significantly reduce it taste qualities.

There are several basic technologies for thin water purification, which are implemented in various filtering devices or interchangeable cartridges to them. The expediency of using specific filters depends solely on the results of the analysis of the main source of water.

Water purification from iron

Many inconvenience and serious trouble can deliver excessive iron content in the incoming water. Unfortunately, it often exceeds the installed Sainpin extremely permissible concentration - 0.3 mg / liter.

Iron consisting of water can take various forms:

• Always present dissolved iron in a free bivalent form (Fe + 2). It absolutely not noticeable Visually, and in no way the usual mechanical filtering.
• The interaction of bivalent iron with oxygen or dissolved in water causes its transition to a trivalent shape. This is already a fine consistency, suspended in the thickness of the liquid. The same rusty raid that leaves water is the manifestation of such a chemical form of iron. Gone up with defense and fine filtering.

Rusty drums are weighted particles of trivalent iron

• Organic colloidal iron - although there is a suspension, but so small that the upset and filtering is practically not amenable.
• Iron in the form of hydroxide is an insoluble precipitate, easily removed by mechanical filtration.
• Very unusual form - bacterial iron. It is manifested by mucous plates on the walls of the vessels or thin film on the surface of the water. In fact, these are colonies of bacteria and their products of their livelihoods - these microorganisms are powered by the energy released in the process of converting a bivalent shape into trivalent.

How dangerous is the excess of iron concentration in water?

• In principle, the element is useful in moderate doses for the human body, with a large content often causes violations of metabolic processes, dysfunction of kidneys, liver, adrenal glands, thyroid gland. It may negatively change the composition of the blood, which will lead to severe and frequent allergic manifestations. A jackets often become the cause of serious poisoning or chronic digestive system disorders.
• Water with a high content of iron becomes unpleasant.
• Solid iron forms, if they are not removed from the water, lead to gradual clogging of pipes and rapid wear of plumbing and household appliances.
• After washing on the underwear can remain yellow stains. Shells and baths will always have an unclear look.

There are a lot of lentils technology, but many of them are applicable only on an industrial scale - at water preparation stations. And how can I get rid of iron in water on the household level?

• Aeration and subsequent filtering

Once bivalent iron when reactions with oxygen proceeds to an insoluble trivalent form, it means that it is necessary to create conditions for maximum water contact with air. One of the ways is aeration (barbotation) - transmitting small air bubbles through water. This is implemented in aeration columns.

Water from the source is supplied to such a column, through which the air injected with the compressor is constantly skipped. Management is usually carried out in automatic mode - when the crane is opened, the flow sensor is triggered transmitting the control signal to the launch to the ompressor.

Aeration, in addition to decindication, is able to perform a number of useful functions. So, air bubbles are able to pass and derive into drainage small solid inclusions of mineral or organic nature - the load is reduced for subsequent filtering devices. In addition, it gives an effect in the fight against hydrogen sulfide - this will be discussed below.

The aeration column, if required, is usually placed after the main purification filter. It is enough expensive products (Usually the cost of a complete set of aeration even minimal performance begins with a mark of 30 thousand rubles), but in conditions where the autonomous source is not different in the purity of water, it is difficult to do without them.

• Defeling on reagent technology

The rapid oxidation of iron and the transition of it to the mechanical filtration suitable for mechanical filtration can be caused by special powerful oxidative components - a vivid example of the usual manganese (potassium permanganate). However, this method requires a very accurate dosage, constant replenishment of the reagent, and with the slightest violation of technology is not quite safe for the human body. On the household level it is not used.

• Receiveless Iron Cleaning Method

This is the most widely used technology. Its meaning is that the water is in contact with a special backfill, which in itself does not react, but stimulates the use of oxygen contained in water for iron oxidation.

Failure can be like mineral (for example, dolomite, zeolite, glauconit) and synthetic or complex ("Pyrolox", "MZHF", "inirm", "MgS").

Such cleaners can be performed in the form of columns, or in the form of cartridges to the already mentioned cartridge type filters.

It is characteristic that in the process of iron oxidation, the component backfall is practically not spent. The iron or remains in the fading phase or remains in the swelling itself, or is then removed further along the course of water in the sorption or thin mechanical filter. The flowing composition is easily regenerated - purified by washing water. True, the cartridges for deferrization are disposable, and regeneration, alas, are not subject to.

Model	Illustration	Main characteristics	Price
Clack 1054 Decelting Column		Manual flushing valve. The volume of the filler is 40 l, drainage gravel - 10 kg. The volume of water for regeneration is 300 liters. The diameter of the pipe joining the water supply - 1 ", to the drainage - ½". Mass - 40 kg.	18000 rub.
Column for deferrization Runxin 1054		Based on the maintenance filler "SuperFerox". Automatic washing of reagent and drainage. Productivity 0.9 m³. Installation height - 1520 mm, depth - 550 mm. Mass - 40 kg.	26900 rub.
IR-10 deferrization cartridge		Standard "Slim Line" length 10 ". Floating - BIRM. Resource - 4 m³ or half a year of operation.	380 rub.
IR-10BB Decelting Cartridge		Standard "Big Blue" length 10 ". Floating - BIRM. Resource - 12 m³ or half a year of operation.	1200 rub.
IR-20BB Decelting Cartridge		Standard "Big Blue" long 20 ". Floating - BIRM. Performance - up to 15 l / min. Resource - 24 m³ or half a year of operation.	2300 rubles.

There is no disadvantage from the unauthorized method:

• There are certain restrictions on chemical composition Water - in particular, by its acidity and concentrations of alkaline components. This is necessarily indicated in the passports of products. It is also necessary to get rid of the increased concentration of dissolved hydrogen sulfide to such anonyament.
• The "own" oxygen of water may not be enough for high-quality cleaning of it from iron by such a method. Exit - Recommended Preliminary Aeriation .
• Such purification has no effect on biochemical, including the pathogenic composition of water. Requires subsequent disinfection.
• The system during operation requires regular maintenance - washing and cleaning. Negregated by these operations can end the equipment output is out of order - loss of filling of their catalytic qualities.

Many cleaning systems are very closely interconnected. Thus, the non-decent method of water dearness successfully acts on dissolved salts of magnesium, which become the cause of increased rigidity. Equally, like other cleaning methods (for example, ion exchange or technology reverse osmosis) There are influence on the content of iron in water.

Water purification methods from hydrogen sulfide

The smell of hydrogen sulfide is unpleasant in itself, and such water is unsuitable for domestic and food. However, the danger is even more serious than it seems at first glance.

This is a very toxic connection., and even a small dose that hit the body with water or even through the respiratory organs can cause dizziness, nausea, more serious lesions nervous system With very sad consequences. The fact is that hydrogen sulfide enters the irreversible reaction with red blood tales, which are amazed and ceased to perform the main function - the delivery of oxygen over the tissues and systems of the body.

There is another characteristic feature - this gas, even with not very frequent contacts, reduces the sensitivity of taste and olfactory receptors, and the person simply ceases to pay attention to it. And its pathological action continues unnoticed, until it manifests itself with obvious signs of poisoning.

Serovodor has another negative property - it dramatically reduces stability metal pipes To corrosion - their x contractions increase, the walls are destroyed, the valves fail, etc.

In a word, if the analysis shows the presence of hydrogen sulfide permissible norms (more than 0.03 mg / liter), or a characteristic smell appeared, measures should be taken.

It has already been mentioned that hydrogen sulfide may appear in well not Not immediately, and over time, this indicates the appearance of the colonies of serobacteria. By the way, they can "reserve the nest" and in heating devices - suddenly clean, it would seem, the boiler begins to make a characteristic "aroma" at the exit.

What methods are used to get rid of sulfide:

• Already mentioned above aerationit becomes enough effective tool And in this case:

- First, this gas is poorly dissolved in water, and the flow of air bubbles is able to "drag" with it up, and then it goes to the atmosphere through the aeration column valve. Such a kind of "ventilation" of water.

- Secondly, the oxygen in the water is extremely unfavorable environment For serobacteria, whose colony in such conditions begin to die.

- And thirdly, the connection itself due to hydrogen molecules is an active reducing agent, entering into a reaction with free oxygen. The output is water and a gray precipitate, which is then easy to remove mechanical filtration.

• There are quite complex and requiring special qualifications of staff staff chemical and biochemical Water purification from hydrogen sulfide. In autonomous water supply, they are not used.
• Sorption Cleaning is what is widely used and in industrial Scales, and in everyday life.

Special sorption intensity, as a rule, based on activated carbon, are able to derive hazardous chemically compounds from water, including chlorine and hydrogen sulfide, become a catalyst for oxidative processes, and even with a filter "grid" for fine mechanical cleaning. Carefully selected compositions become an irresistible barrier and for various pathogenic microorganisms.

Many sorption backfills (for example, "Centaur" for the production of which certain rock coal breeds are used) have a considerable resource and are able to regenerate after a certain flushing, of course, to defined limit. Such sorption filters can be in the form of columns - on powerful filtering complexes, or again in the form of replaceable cartridges of the standard size.

Model	Illustration	Short description	Approximate price
Sorption column CF-1054 / F71B1-T		Sorbent - coal activated coconut, quantity - 42 liters. The performance of the column is up to 0.7 m³ / hour. Dimensions 260 × 1550 mm, connection - ¾ ".	17700 rub.
Coal Cartridge BL-10		Standard sizes "Slim Line", 10 ". Filtration speed - up to 2 l / min. Resource - up to 4 m³ or half a year of operation, without the possibility of regeneration	130 rub.
Coal Cartridge BL-10BB		Standard "Big Blue", 10 ". Performance - up to 12 l / min. Resource - up to 12 m³ or half a year of operation, without regeneration.	450 rub.
Cartridge Coal GAC-KDF		Size - "Slim Line", 10 ". Failure - granulated activated carbon. Increased cleaning, including heavy metals due to the component KDF additive. Performance - up to 2 l / min. Resource - up to 4 m³ or half a year of operation.	340 rub.
Cartridge Coal GAC-20BB		Standard "Big Blue", 20 ". Granulated activated carbon. Performance - up to 20 l / min. Resource - up to 24 m³ or six months of operation.	1200 rub.

Filters - Water softeners

Another "disease" of water is her increased rigidity caused by the high concentration of magnesium salts (sulfates) and calcium (usually hydrocarbonates). Salts of other metals, although there are, but against the background of the above, their impact is small.

Stiffness is greater characteristic of well water, although it is not a dogma, well, well or tap water can also have an increased degree of stiffness.

What kind negative consequences Such water is going:

• Rapid utensils and household appliances scale.
• Reduced taste quality in In OD - she begins to be pattering, especially after cooking.
• There is a bad solventness of detergents, washing powder, reducing the effectiveness of shampoos and shower gels. As a result of the reaction with salts, detergents form t.hushed insoluble film of slags, and this can end the skin irritation, hair diseases, manifestations of allergies.
• After washing fabrics, in such water can quickly wear out - the bulk of fibers increases.
• Understanding pipes with lime raids. Even worse if they are covered by the heating elements of household appliances - their efficiency is sharply reduced, and the Ten themselves quickly burn out. In addition, the seals are losing elasticity, which leads to leaks.

How to reduce water rigidity:

• We do not consider boiling method - it does not apply to filtering systems.
• Chemical softening technology is used on a domestic level for a long time, for example, adding soda to water. A more technological option is to use special chemical softeners by type of cartridge filters, but only with a crystalline or tableted backfill.

A partially soluble backstage (most often this sodium polyphosphate) is gradually washed out and requires regular replenishment.

The method is effective and verified. But it is more suitable for household appliances (washing or dishwashers), in front of which such filters are usually mounted. For food purposes, a different solution is necessary.

• The most effective method is the use of ion exchange technology. Calcium and magnesium atoms are replaced by more active Metal - sodium, and its salts do not have any negative effect on the composition and consistency of water.

For such a reaction, special artificial resins are used - cation, with a high sodium content expressed. The reaction does not require any special temperature and baric regimes - everything proceeds "by itself." And one more essential advantage - the cationites may well be regenerated after processing them with a concentrated solution usually table salt - NaCl. At the same time, magnesium and calcium ions are released and disassembled with water to drainage.

Such filtration is implemented in special ion exchange columns - with the possibility of regular washing and regeneration of the resin (in manual or automatic mode). Cartridge filters are used with appropriate filling cartridges, but they are usually not subject to recovery and exploited until the development of their resource.

• Separately, it is possible to note the technology of magnetic softening of water, although it is also hardly referred to filters.

Special compact devices are cut into a plumbing, or wear on top on pipes. IN various devices It is used or powerful neodymium permanent magnets, or electromagnets - then they require meals to power. Energy consumption is small, no more than 15 watts, and the resource laid may be up to 10 or more.

Devices of magnetic softening of water - with constant (left) and electromagnets

The physico-chemical mechanism M of the nagnic effect on the salt is not fully studied. But the fact remains a fact - the crystallization of magnesium salts and calcium occurs on the surface of the pipes or prigi, but in the water itself, and this t.verdy sediment is then easy to filter mechanically.

Model	Illustration	Short description	Approximate price
"Magnolia - Silver"		Original magnetic softener in the form of a bowl, stacked in a washing or dishwasher during their work	1200 rub.
"Rubber DU60"		Electromagnetic water softener. Power supply and wires for winding on the body of the tap pipe. Consumption - 5 W / h. Dimensions block 150 × 100 × 70 mm. The maximum pipe diameter is up to 60 mm.	8800 rub.
"Akvasoft Eco One"		Softener with permanent magnets. It is installed on the pipes before entering household appliances. Productivity - up to 0.6 m³ hour. Dimensions 75 × 55 mm (for pipe 16 mm)	1700 rub.
"New Water" in120		Softener of a chemical type of action with a bulk reagent (sodium polyphosphate). Mass filler - 235 Performance - up to 0.8 m³ / hour. For non-use.	920 rub.
Column ion exchange "Atoll Ecolife S-20"		Regeneration is automatic with continuous water consumption. Productivity - up to 1.8 m³ / hour. The volume of the ion exchange resin is 20 liters. Indication of the level of the filing of the regeneration salt backfill. Dimensions: 870 × 350 × 510 mm	26000 rub.
Column ion exchange "ECOWATERESM 11"		The total degree of automation of the process, the possibility of remote control, the intelligent control system with the flow analysis unit and the decision on the need for regeneration. Performance - 0.9 m³ / hour. The volume of the ion exchange resin is 11 liters, the container of the salt tank - 25 kg.	43000 rub.
Softening cartridge ST-10		Standard "Slim Line" 10 ". Performance - up to 2 l / min. Resource - 4 m³ or 6 months of operation. Not restored.	370 rub.
Softening Cartridge ST-10BB		Size "Big Blue", 10 ". Performance - up to 8 l / min. Resource - 12 m³ or 6 months of operation. Not restored.	850 rub.

Complex filtering and water purification systems

All the filtering steps mentioned above are (based on the source laboratory studies), are usually combined into entire complexes that provide high-quality water purification. There are no uniform "recipes", but for example, one of the variants of this scheme can be given:

Water comes from an external source (pos. 1) and immediately passes through a mud or a mesh mechanical cleaning filter (pos. 2).

After primary filtering, the flow falls into the aeration column (pos. 3) into which air is injected using the compressor (pos. 4). In order for the compressor to work only as needed, it is associated with a signal cable with a flow sensor installed already at the output of the system (pos. 5).

Saturated oxygen water goes into the deferrization column (pos. 6). The oxides are partially discharged into drainage (pos. 7), or delayed on the mesh coarse filter (pos. 8).

The following column is with ion exchange resin (pos. 9), for water softening. It also provides its own drainage system (pos. 10) which is used when washing and regeneration of resin. Between this and the next borders, the filter GR will again be installed (pos. 11).

The following installation is a sorption column (pos. 12), which will remove the chemical and biological components, will increase the total organoleptic quality of water. The drainage system is necessary for regular flushing filtering backfill.

Directly (pos. 15) water is leaving for technical and economic use. And for food (drinking) applications, it also passes the stage of ultraviolet disinfection in a special installation (pos. 16) where all pathogenic microbes are securely destroyed. And then (pos. 17) goes to food water intake.

Video: Another example of water treatment system in a private house

Similar schemes are understandable, suitable for enough big houses and a significant level of water consumption. However, it does not prevent anything from collecting it on their own and in the urban apartment using cartridge filters and cartridges to them very different purposes.

But in any case it is very important to take into account the fact that the performance of the system must fully comply with the possible total consumption of water. Otherwise, cleaning efficiency will be under a big question.

General performance of the water filtration and water purification system

In order for at any point in time and at any point of water, the required amount of water purification is ensured, the overall performance of the filtering system being created is necessarily evaluated. A characteristic feature - overall performance can never be higher than that of a separate filtering module, and, it means, it should be evaluated by the very "slow" to its element.

• First of all, it is necessary to evaluate the general required amount of water required to ensure the needs of all family members. For example, approximately 200 liters per person is considered to be the rate of daily consumption. Based on this, it is easy to calculate that, say, for a family of four it will take 200 × 4 \u003d 800 l or 0.8 m³ per day.
• Water spending is not permanent per day. It means that you should estimate the possibility of filtering system to issue this volume for more short term. Typically proceed from time to use 10 o'clock. So, in the case under consideration, with a total consumption of 800 l / day, the performance must be not lower than 800/10 \u003d 80 l / h.
• But this is not all - there is a concept of peak consumption. It is very unlikely, but still a situation is possible when all water consumption points in the house are included simultaneously. Water consumption at a specific point in time can achieve the highest possible value, which significantly exceeds the calculated above

To calculate the peak load on the water purification system, it is necessary to sum up the average consumption of all points of water consumption in the house, which theoretically can be included simultaneously. Next, the calculation is executed by the formula:

Quick \u003d ΣQ (1 ÷n.) × kN.

Quick -peak consumption.

Σq (1 ÷n.) – the amount of water costs of all points of water consumption, from the first to n.-Noah.

kN. - correction coefficient, taking into account the total number of water-based points (n.).

kN. calculated by the following formula:

kN. = 1 / √ (n.-1)

The flow rate for different water consumption points is usually already calculated by the value, for example, can be taken from the table below:

Type of water consumption point	Maximum flow rate (l / s)
Kitchen faucet	0.2
Washbasin mixer in the bathroom	0.1
Bathroom mixer	0.25
Shower cabin.	0.25
Drain tank toilet bowl	0.1
Bidet	0.1
Washer	0.4
Dishwasher	0.2
Crane (¾ ") for household needs (watering, car wash, etc.)	0.35

In order not to upload a site visitor with independent calculations, a convenient calculator is located below, which allows you to instantly obtain the desired value of the peak water consumption.

While water flows from the crane, no one thinks over the state of the water supply and any aspects of its work. However, as soon as the pressure catastrophically falls, and only a thin trickle from the crane flows, a close interest in all elements that are able to lead to the problem instantly appear. Most often it helps only the cleaning of coarse filters in front of the water meter, since it constantly accumulates the garbage, which subsequently blocks the duct.

How the filter is arranged

This is a simple and effective node collected with a minimum of details, which does not lastly contribute to a decrease in the hydrodynamic resistance of the water being rendered.

The filter looks like a tee, with the difference that the removal is deaf and closed with a hermetic lid on the threaded connection. The grid mesh is fixed in the form of a cylinder. The central line of the grid is coaxial with "tap" in the case.

The channel for water is paved in the case, so that the incoming flow enters the inside of the cylindrical mesh, and can enter the outlet can only overcome the grid. It is due to this, a large trash is delayed inside the cylinder. In view of the limited volume of the filtering element over time, it can be clogged and preventing the flow of fluid, so that periodic cleaning is required.

So that the accumulated garbage does not prevent the flow of fluid as long as possible, the housing should always focus so that the grid is vertically or at an angle, but not horizontally. In this case, the entry directly into the filter grid should be placed above so that the garbage accumulates on the other side of it.

However, it is not always possible to focus a filter, as the logic requires, because if the section of the pipe from entering the counter in principle is oriented vertically, the grid will be placed horizontally with a rectangular removal. It is solved it is extremely simple. The removal with the filter element is located at an angle to the common case, it is this type that most often occurs in everyday life.

To clean, it is enough to unscrew the plug and remove the mesh for flushing, after which it is installed in its place. However, there are a number of nuances that should be considered when working on filter cleaning.

There are several types of coarse filter design:

• corner (oblique);
• straight;
• direct-flow;
• cartridge.

And also the division relates to the material of the execution: metal with a threaded compound (brass and oxidized bronze) and plastic designed for a decay.

All types have the opportunity to get to the grid and clean it or replace the cartridge.

In addition, there are filters with the possibility of cleaning without parsing. In this case, instead of the plug, the nozzle is installed to which the hose is connected and lowered into the sewer. Water swept over the inside of the grid and flows directly in the drain drain together with all the garbage.

Where the filter is installed and why it is needed

In obligatory, it is installed at the entrance to the house or apartment after the valve, but before the water meter. He delays a large garbage, not allowing him to spoil the impeller of the counter and score its own protective nets at the entrance and exit, the valves of the mixers are protected.

The filter does not protect against fine sand and sludge, but it prevents the fallout and large fragments of lime or rusty sediments, which inevitably accumulate on the walls of the water pipes.

With adequate quality of the water supply system, the filter is not clogged even in 5-6 years of operation, however, in practice, water quality is far from perfect, as well as the state of the water supply itself, therefore such protection is critical.

Cleaning the filter of rough water purification in front of the water meter is possible without the presence of a plumbing only if there is no cork seal.

Very often when installing a water meter, a coarse filter is sealed with it, to curb the cheating of the meter readings. For this, even special filters are used, which have a dress on the plug, through which the wire seal has been doing. In this case, it is strictly forbidden to tear the seal, and the wizards will be required to clean the filter.

But after calling the wizard, more precisely during his visit, it is necessary to insist on the installation of the check valve and the filter, not sealing along with the meter. Only so can be possible to subsequently not depend on third-party help and clean the filter as it is clogged. There are no strict instructions or rulings on mandatory filling filter of rough cleaning.

Clean the corner or direct filter

It should be prepared:

• Adjustable key or key at 17 (19), preferably cape;
• Gas key;
• WD-40 remedy for rust;
• Water tank for washing;
• Pacle or Fuma Ribbon.

Cleaning a coarse cleaning filter is rare enough, so the plug in most cases has time to accumulate to the body, it is especially manifested if the parenchite gasket is used. So, in order of work, it is not necessary to do without prior preparation, so as not to thread the thread, and did not cracked the plug or body.

1. Discharge the valve at the introduction of cold (hot) water. Check that there is definitely no water in the tap, the valve is working properly.
2. Apply the WD-40 plug circumference, it will partially solve the problem with scale or layer of deposits. As an alternative, kerosene is used. The flap is impregnated with kerosene fabric, and it is distributed around the connection circumference. Wait five to six minutes until the selected tool works.
3. A gas key tightly clasp the case so that it does not scroll. Slide the plug by the key key. Make the first move slightly sharp to break the conjugated connection.
4. Remove the cylindrical grid and clean it in water tanks. It is allowed to use a brush with a short soft metal pile to get rid of il deposits.
5. Install the grid into place.
6. Mix on a fum-tape carving cap and tighten it into place.
7. Open the valve on entering and check that there are no leaks on the plug.

In the case of the paralide gasket, the local heating of the plug and the case will work more efficiently. To do this, use a gas burner with a non-lifework or steep boiling water. It is advisable to make sure that there is no water in the filter and open a crane in one of the mixers, warning the boiling water inside the pipes.

Clean the cartridge filter of rough cleaning

The cartridge filter is usually put in the autonomous water supply system in private homes, it is ineffective for central water supply and is often replaced by a corner with a thin cleaning already after the meter.

There is a flask in which a replaceable cartridge from foam polypropylene or the winding of a polypropylene thread is installed. The second option is much more efficient, as the maximum capacity is required, and it takes only a particularly large garbage.

It will take for cleaning:

• A spare cartridge or a water container for washing the old;
• Bucket or pan;
• The key for the filter.

Order of work:

1. Discharge water supply valve. Check that the water in the crane is definitely not. Substitute a bucket or pan under the filter, since after removing the flasks will be poured over water.
2. Using a special key, unscrew the clamp nut and remove the flask.
3. Replace the cartridge to a new or rinse available.
4. Set the flask in place and tighten the nut, tightening it with the key.

Only winding cartridges are suitable for reuse. In order to clean it effectively, a powerful water pressure will be required. Install the filter on the bottom of the bath or large container for the liquid. Send the hose inside the cartridge and serve water under high pressure. The reverse current of the water, all dirt and garbage will come out of the filter fibers, and it can be installed back to the filter.

To the quality, chemical composition and purity of water supplied by central water supply, we present a number of well-founded complaints. They are substantiated by the deterioration of the state of health, the rapid wear of the equipment and the eternal problems with water pressure. And our physical, and economic state deserves attention, agree?

To combat listed negative circumstances, there is a proven method - you need a coarse and fine filter. Depending on the solid tasks, both separate devices and a group of interrelated devices performing multi-stage processing are mounted.

With us you will learn what kind of work is performed by a certain type of device, in which sequence they have, as they eventually affect the quality characteristics of water. For a full perception of information, we have attached visual illustrations and video guides.

The first, most important step in water treatment - mechanical cleaning. Coarse cleaning devices are removed from water particles from 1 μm and higher. They perform an indispensable function in the filtering process, without which further water purification is impossible.

Rust, sand, clay particles, scale from old water pipes - everything is removed to get transparent water at the output.

Gallery of images

Only after the first stage of pre-filtration, it is possible to adjust to the elimination of organic impurities, heavy metals compounds, chemical elements and microorganisms. To do this, apply ultratonic filtering devices.

More specifically, it is possible to determine the need for cleaning from certain contaminants only on the basis of the results of the tests.

To correctly make a choice of filter, it is necessary to clearly determine what installation is needed:

• to filter hot or (and) cold water;
• from what kind of contaminants it is necessary to clean;
• what performance and downloads must have a filter;
• for what purposes is to protect plumbing and equipment or for drinking water and cooking.

It is also necessary to take into account where the device will be used - in a private house, apartment, in the boiler room or at an industrial enterprise.

When buying a filter, you can verify the data with the table and make sure that the claimed level of cleaning the possibilities of the product is responsible. For example, often in the parameters of the device for fine cleaning, the possibility of filtering from impurities from 100 microns is indicated, which actually refers to rough cleaning

Device and applying coarse filters

Coarse cleaning devices can have a different design, but their principle is similar. Inside have a removable element, which can be in the form of a metal mesh, disc, cartridge - it performs filtering. There is also a removal for collecting pollution. To remove the assembly garbage, the device is periodically washed.

Additionally, devices can be equipped with a pressure gauge that helps control the pressure in the system. The drop in water pressure can signal that it is time to change or rinse the cartridge, the grid.

Filters can also be published in a pair with a gearbox that lowers the pressure, extinguishes the hydrowood. Some models have shut-off valves.

General properties and differences different models Enclosed in such characteristics:

• Filtering element. For coarse cleaning, a metal mesh is often used, a polypropylene fiber cartridge, a disk element.
• The method of cleaning from the accumulated dirt. Separate devices on those that are washed in manual mode and self-rotational.
• Ability to use for hot, warm or cold water.

All differences affect the functionality of the devices. Therefore, further - in more detail about their capabilities.

Such filters are installed almost on every water supply system, as they are durable and easily cleaned from mud clusters

Sedimental filters for rough cleaning

The sediment filters include devices with a mesh for filtering. Made preferably from the metal housing (brass or stainless steel) with direct or oblique tap, located directly perpendicular or at an angle. Inside, in the course of water there is a grid of stainless steel.

There are also models of cone axial devices in which the line is the line, and the filtration grid has a cone shape and is located inside. Their design provides low hydraulic resistance.

The grid can be made of carbon yarns, fiberglass, metal. The metal element is easier to deform, which leads to a deterioration in the bandwidth, but it is easily cleaned. And on the contrary, the grid of carbon filaments is stronger, but its flushing can cause difficulties

Installed on the steam site heating system Before, in the water supply system - before. When installing the pump, it is necessary to study the parameters to prevent an increase in the load on the pump. In addition, some manufacturers directly prohibit the installation of any devices in front of their equipment.

The filter in the form of a metal mesh cylinder is used for installation on the water absorption site from the source. It is used to prevent large garbage from entering the water supply and prevent damage to the pump.

Gallery of images

Self-rotary main devices

The filter design consists of a housing, a cartridge, a crane for washing. Metal or plastic case has two holes that join the highway of the water pipeline. The filtering grid of stainless steel is removable, delays mechanical impurities from 100 μm.

At the bottom of the case bowl there is a reverse flushing crane. Some models are equipped with a pressure gauge to control the degree of pollution.

The self-purification filter is used for heating and water systems. Removes impurities from 100 to 150 microns

The principle of operation of the device consists in passing the flow through the filter element - a removable stainless steel cartridge. Mechanical contamination are delayed in the grid. Part of them remains in it, and part settles on the bottom of the hull.

The peculiarity of self-rotational devices is able to remove the accumulated dirt, without disassembled and not spinning the case. To do this, you need to open a crane that is in the bottom of the hull and pull the water into the container or into the sewer.

The trash particles are washed off by the stream, and the device continues to work as usual. To remove old deposits on the grid, you can remove it and clean more carefully.

Flushing crane can be connected to a drain pipe joining sewage, it simplifies the maintenance process.

Processing with disk filters

Devices are used primarily for preliminary water treatment, prepare water to further clean, softening and deferrization. Installed in centralized and, on heat centers, used in irrigation systems, including drip.

The filtering element serve polymer discs, dressed on the axis and tightly compressed. Their surface is covered with small grooves, the dimensions of which determine the degree of purification, which is from 20 to 400 μm.

The cleaning process takes this way: the flow of water fills the body and seeps through the flowing grooves in the disks, and then removed into the outlet. Over time, dirt settles and accumulates on the surface.

Gallery of images

Maintenance of filters and replacement of cartridges

The sedimental filter maintenance involves periodic cleaning of the filter grid. Before starting work, you need to block the crane, then unscrew the audit cover and remove the grid. The frequency of inspections depends on the quality of water, on the degree of its pollution. After cleaning, it is necessary to install elements in place and check the presence of leaks.

To avoid the destruction of the filter elements, it is not recommended to use detergents containing solvent

To clean the disk filters, they must be removed from the highway, open the case and remove the filter element. When removing the filter, the lock, pressing the discs to each other, weakens and they are squeezed. Further, all the elements are washed, for more thorough cleaning, the device is disassembled and cleaned with a brush or sponge.

Conduct automatic flushing without dismantling internal elements by starting the flow of water in the direction opposite to the worker

Polypropylene cartridge filters after contamination are replaced. Manufacturers of different models on the package indicate the amount of water in liters that can clean the device.

Objectively, the duration of the filter depends on the state of the water in a centralized water supply or autonomous source. Therefore, it can serve until six months. But with a strengthever of the water supply or for other reasons, it can clog even in one day.

The need to replace the cartridge is assessed by its state (degree of contamination). The signal can be a decrease in pressure in the plumbing

In reverse osmosis filters of fine cleaning, the replacement period of replacement elements depends on the type of filler. For prefilters, it is half a year, for the coal postfilter - a year, for the membrane - 2 - 2.5 years.

To properly place the interchangeable items, you need to remember their initial location. Before you start drinking water from a new filter or cartridge, you need to rinse the system - drain the water after the first filling of the tank.

After a long system downtime, more than 3 months, and even after replacing the interchangeable elements, it is carried out to disinfect. If the filter is observed a rapid development of microorganisms and fingering prefilters, it is recommended to additionally install an ultraviolet lamp in a set with a trunk prefilter.

Filtration Device Mounting Rules

When a multistage cleaning device, the first stage is always a filter that makes rough cleaning. When using multiple types of systems, first mount the device with a large micronage.

If you install filters of different cleaning methods in the wrong sequence, they will not be able to fully perform the task.

It is not recommended to install filtering devices before pumping equipment. The exceptions are mesh filters with zero resistance that protect the pump from large garbage.

The use of any other filters - deferrals, softeners, etc. - will lead to an increase in the load on the pumping station and the cause of its premature wear. Installation, adjustment and repair are carried out in the absence of pressure in the plumbing.

Installing sediment filters (mud)

Spit and direct coupling filters are installed on horizontal sections of the tap pipe exclusively in the direction of flow. Spinning filters can be mounted on the vertical pipeline if the flow moves from top to bottom.

The flow direction must correspond to the arrow signs indicated on the filter. Incorrect installation will lead to a deterioration in the bandwidth and clogging of the pipeline (+)

The filter should not experience loads from vibration, bending, compression and pipeline stretching. When it is installed, a uniform fastener is achieved, if necessary, the compensators and supports that reduce the load are mounted.

The correct location of the filter is the audit cover down. To carry out preventive maintenance under the device provide free space.

Mesh filters according to the insertion method are separated on the coupling and flange. The first type is installed on the pipes of small diameters, the second type is used for trunk water pipes, the junctions in the plumbing system of apartment buildings. Threaded filters, so-called American are used on pipes with a diameter of up to two inches.

The filter that is crashed into a water supply can have a different degree of purification and the character of filtration, manually washed or automatically

How to carry out the installation of the reverse osmosis system?

Installation of the filter is carried out in an easily accessible place on the horizontal section of the plumbing pipe with the direction directed down. When installing the water meter, the filter should be placed in front of it.

Installation is carried out in such a sequence:

1. Anaerobic sealant is applied to the connecting thread, filling all the grooves with a uniform layer and leaving for 15 minutes to froze.
2. Next, attach fasteners to the filter, paying attention to the direction of water current in the water supply.
3. Putting the fastener to the wall to the wall, and the tracking, so that the devices of the device coincide with the position of the pipe, mark the place under the opening.
4. The holes are drilled and insert dowels, then, with the help of self-tapping screws, screw the holder with the filter to the wall.
5. To connect the filter taps to the highway clipping the pipe and bend it to combine its axis with the filter axis. So that the pipe is not broken when it is bent, a special conductor is given in the middle.
6. Then the crimping ring and nut put on the pipe, the fitting is inserted (up to the stop). The crimping ring is stretched close to fitting and tighten the nut.
7. Connect the fitting with the filter and screw the cap nut, tightening tightening the key.

After installation, they open water, check whether there are leaks. For the convenience of repair and maintenance on both sides of the device, overlapping valves are provided.

Connecting a feedback filter

Installation of the cleaning system is to assemble individual elements And does not require special tools. Therefore, even a person who has never been engaged in this will be able to hold.

The manufacturer recommends placing a filter under kitchen sink. To comfortably pick up filtered water, install a separate crane. To install it, you will have to drill a hole in the corner of the sink or on the tabletop area near the washing.

In the standard configuration of the reverse osmosis system there is no pump that would increase the pressure - if necessary, it is installed separately. Additionally, the system can be equipped with an ice generator and replaceable elements for more effective removal Fluoride, nitrate

The reverse osmosis filter is collected as a constructor. Installation consists of such steps:

1. installation of drinking crane and connecting it to the filter;
2. connection to the cold water pipeline;
3. installing the ball valve of the tank and drainage clamp;
4. running to work and flushing system.

For good work and productivity of the reverse osmosis filter, it is necessary to provide a normal pressure in the system. If the water pressure in the supply pipe does not exceed 2.8 bar, then it is recommended to install a pressure increase pump.

It is installed before the first filter in the incoming tube break. When using the pump, it is necessary to install a high pressure sensor - it automates the process of turning off and on the equipment.

Owners of their own pools will receive a lot of useful information about filtering installations with which we recommend familiarizing yourself.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Roller # 1. How to choose a filter by degree and cleaning method:

Roller # 2. How to spend the filter in a plumbing system:

Roller # 3. Installation of the reverse osmosis filter and the change of cartridges:

When choosing a device for cleaning water, the question is not worth it to install - for coarse or fine cleaning. It is more correct to wonder for what purpose water will be used and what result should be achieved.

Applying water filtration devices need from coarse cleaning and ending, if necessary, the thinnest that will extract foreign impurities to the smallest particles.

Filters of coarse water purification for the apartment (FGG) detain relatively large insoluble elements, for example:

• rust components;
• scale from welding, seals;
• sand.

Therefore, FGGs are mounted in the apartment necessary.

Their work is based on the mechanical deduction of large particles. The devices have differences of:

• parameters;
• form;
• throughput potential;
• the highest operational period;
• cleansing blocks;
• manufacturing materials;
• purification method;
• see the filter component.

Types of FGGs

Consider the types of Read more:

1. Reticulate. This is one of the most common varieties. She has a high service period without replacing the working component. In the cell grid, 50-400 microns parameters have parameters. The device is made of stainless steel. The differences in mesh species are associated with the method of their entry into the pipeline, methods of regular cleansing and service.
   These devices are still divided into two subcategories:
   1. With reverse flushing. The axial components are automatically removed.
   2. Without such a washing. Clear the device can only disassemble it.

   Cold water devices have a transparent case. So you can monitor the mesh condition.
   Devices acting with hot water, metal. After all, the metal copes with high temperatures.
   Other functions are assigned to many models. For example, they can embed a valve to set pressure. They can be combined with a manometer. This is a safety measure for the inner space of the pipeline and household models from pressure surges.
   Put instruments with automatic washing logically where there is a drainage pipe and follow it dirty waters With impurities.

   Pluses of mesh models:

   1. Easy and efficient design.
   2. Acceptable price.
   3. Ease of installation, application and maintenance.
   4. No need for consumables.
   5. Work in household and industrial networks with any water (hot and cold).

   There are also cons, but conditional:

   1. With regulatory services, it is necessary to overlap water.
   2. Relatively weak purification.
2. The second type of FGGs. Flange and coupling. They differ from the connection method to the highway. If the diameter of the pipe is over two inches, it is better to use a flange look. Bolt connections allow you to remove the device without dismantling other design components. The passage models are put on the pipes during the design of the system.
   If the pipe has a smaller diameter, the coupling model is activated. These are usually household and private networks. The device is directly screwed to the pipe or connect it with it with the help of American.

All FGGs have similar installation criteria:

1. Skalina, corrosion and other dirt are eliminated for pipes.
2. Water overlaps.
3. Any seal is wound on the threaded area of \u200b\u200bthe device cover. The same processing is carried out with the connecting portion of the device and the pipe.
4. The filtering component is directed to the bottom.
5. The device is attached to the clamp. The mechanical wear is reduced there.
   All filters have nozzles (one - at the entrance, one - at the outlet) and the sump, cleansing water. By view of the position of the sump, the device can be direct or oblique.
6. Direct version at the entrance to the apartment. In it, the sump has a vertical position to the stream. Its size is large. The quality of cleansing is better. The water flow rate is reduced. Large particles fall on the bottom.
7. Oblique version. Position of the sump to the flow - under a slight angle. The device is set when the pipe is arranged next to the wall or floor. Flange lids or couplings are used to close sumps.
   P.3 and clause 4 have different methods of purification. Used automatic machinery and without this option.
8. Cartridge models. They are attached to the wall. They have a flask. It can be transparent and opaque. Inside it is the replaceable cartridges. The materials of their manufacture are as follows:
   • polypropylene fiber, which has been treated with the press;
   • polyester;
   • twisted thread.

   They have a different cleansing potential. But the parameter of coarse purification is 20-30 microns.
   These devices can often change cartridges. The devices themselves usually put there, where there are minor garbage components that poorly capture the mesh models.
   The cartridge delays such particles. A fibrous cartridge treated with coal can eliminate chlorine from water.
   Installation of these models occurs where weak flows are noted. Under conditions of strong threads, a large-sized device is applied.

   For your information! In the cartridges there is no auto industry. They have to change them.

9. High-speed models. They are needed when you need to remove insoluble various impurities. They have special stainless tanks.
   The filter component is in the case. In the upper zone of the device there is a block that automates the cleaning process. The level of water purification is 30 microns.
   But such filters are coarse cleaning there are cons:
   • solid parameters;
   • accommodation in premises with heating;
   • be sure to need an additional drainage pipeline for recovery.

Installation and maintenance

In this activity you need to adhere to the following criteria:

1. Place the device better before the counter. Although in fact there is not enough space for this. For this reason, there is a slanting modification. It protects the mechanism from blockages with suspended elements and protects the meter from damage.
2. You need to put a slash model on a pipe with a horizontal position. The flask is put at the bottom. So facilitated flushing. It is important to know the direction of flow. Usually there is an arrow on the instrument housing that reflects this direction. Mount the oblique device can also be vertical. Only the flow must follow from top to bottom. If such a device is mounted up with a sump, then the dirt will not penetrate the system, but the probability of the device breakdowns. After all, this dirt will prevent the discovery of the crane.
3. Direct model. It is placed only on the horizontal zone of the water supply. Some space is saved for seizure of the flask (if necessary).
4. The device with direct flushing is still complemented by the automatic flushing option. For this purpose, the bypass water loop and several crants are mounted. They can convert the flow direction to the counter.

When using the filter, you will need to disassemble it several times to clean or replace the grid or cartridge.
Before you disassemble the device, you need to eliminate the pressure on the network. This stops water supply.

In oblique models there are traffic jams with comfortable covers, which have six faces. This is done specifically for a wrench. The parenchite gasket is removed. Package winding is put. So the compounds become hermetically. And further improves the functionality of the device.
The flask in direct filters with a vertical position can be removed by a wrench. Back the flask is placed with new gaskets.

It is possible to remove the dirt from the oblique model: the model is disassembled, the dirt is merged. Mesh is extracted. Clean pollution. This zone is dried with compressed air. The damaged grid changes.
In direct modification, the flask is unscrewed. The precipitate is poured out of it. The grid is washed. Dry. Or is a new cartridge.

It is easier to work with the models with a vehicle. Periodically opens the tap at the bottom of the flasks. Cleaned grid and flask. An aqueous flow under pressure is used. Then water follows drainage or in the substituted capacity.
For more convenient work on the water supply itself, the automatic washing device is put. Then water follows the flow in the opposite direction. And the cleansing of the grid is more efficient.

Today there are many FGG models on the market. The top 5 most common devices are proposed.

Rating. Top 5.

Your attention is a good selection of filters to any type and budget.

Honeywell FF 06 1/2 "AA

• work with hot water
• delicate elimination of different foreign elements from water
• filtration component - stainless steel mesh
• mass of the device - 1100 grams
• diameter - 1/2 inches

• water is cleaned better if the device is mounted bowl down
• the device does not give to accumulate harmful impurities
• guarantees a stable supply of purified water and the operation of household apparatus connected in the water system
• price and quality are in the optimal proportion
• durability
• compactity
• the grid is easily replaced
• high strength

• not found

• performance - 2 cubic meters. M / C.
• selectivity - 100 μm
• attaching DN - 15
• functional pressure in washing conditions - 16 bar
• thread 1 - 1/2 "
• thread 2 - 3/4 "
• total height - 20.4 cm
• type of device - Prefilter
• purpose: Work with Cold Water
• protection of pipelines and their reinforcement from breakdown and corrosion

• the highest indicator of the functional temperature of the cleaned medium reaches 40 ° C
• removal of dangerous impurities
• the device can work with a manometer

• if there are large particles in water, a mud is placed in front of the device

Includes there:

1. Transparent plastic case.
2. Filtering component.
3. Additional compounds "American". Their view is 1/2. They have sealing rings.
4. Fitting with a crane for a drain of water.

AquaHit 1/2 ", art. FW.110.04

Water has a simple chemical formula - 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. However, in nature there is practically no water in its pure form. It includes: dissolved salts and gases suspended mechanical impurities, bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms.

Depending on the composition, water can be useful or harmful to human health. To control the quality of drinking water, use cleaning filters various destination. For pre-training corresponds to a coarse filter.

What is a coarse filter, its appointment and principle of work

Even transparent water has a weighted undisguised particles. It can be sand, clay, rust, scale, etc. To remove these particles from the flow of water, use a coarse filter, while the chemical and bacteriological composition remains unchanged.

Let's figure it out why you need a filter for coarse water purification at home or in the country.

Mechanical impurities that are in the flow of water have the following effects:

• harm to human health (damage to the esophagus, deployment in the body);
• abrasive wear of the water supply (abrasion of pipe bends, compounds, gaskets);
• the possibility of clogging and failure of household appliances and fine cleaning filters;
• clay and rust impurities change the taste, smell and color of water.

The use of a coarse water purification filter is relevant not only in autonomous water supply systems (well or well), but also in centralized distribution. After all, the water purified on water distribution stations overcomes several kilometers along a rusty water supply before getting to the consumer.

Principle of operation of a coarse water purification filter

The clogged stream moves through the pipeline and passes through the filter housing in which the grid is installed. Mesh cells are delayed large particles, and the purified stream enters the consumer (for the mixer, in washing machine, in the heating device or on a fine filter).

Rough Cleaning Metal Filter Design:

1. Filter case. It has a flange or threaded connection and is installed on the pipeline at the entrance to the house or apartment immediately after the shut-off reinforcement.
2. Filter cover. Hermetically closes the mud, in which the mesh element is installed.
3. Mesh element - flow water purification organ. The smaller the size of the mesh cell, the better cleaning.
4. Laying between the casing of the filter and the lid.
5. Cork for filter cleaning.
6. Fastening bolt.
7. Nut.
8. Spring washer.
9. Washer.

Varieties of coarse water purification filters

Filters of rough water purification for water are divided into several groups according to certain features:

1. The diameter of the pipe and performance filters can be industrial and domestic purposes. The principle of operation is the same, differ only in size.
2. In the size of the captured particles (1 μm and more). Selecting the size of the cell of the filter element depends on the quality of water.
3. By the design of the filter element: Mesh, disc, cartridge filters.

A mesh filter of rough water purification can be used in a centralized and autonomous water supply system. The method of fastening is a threaded and flange. The size of the mesh cell varies within 50-400 μm.

The location of the filter mud can be direct and oblique. The direct filter is installed on horizontal portions of the pipeline in the mud. The oblique filter is installed on horizontal, and on vertical areas of the pipeline.

Modernized mesh filters are equipped with pressure regulators, allowing to maintain constant water pressure.

Some models of mesh filters are equipped with two pressure gauges: before and after the mud. If the difference between instrument readings is increasing, then it is time to clean the filter.

Cleaning the mesh filter does not require the replacement of the grid, it is simply necessary to rinse with the flow of water. To do this, a plug or valve is installed on the lid.

The cartridge or cartridge filter consists of a housing and the filter element inserted into it. During the work, the cartridge is clogged and requires replacement. Such filters are capable of cleaning particles of more than 1 μm.

How to choose a coarse water filter for cottage or home

To do right choice Coarse water purification filter, some parameters should be defined:

1. The degree of pollution of water can be determined by conducting laboratory analysis. According to the results of the analysis, experts will issue recommendations for selecting the filter.
2. Water use intensity. According to the standards, the average water consumption per person is 200 liters. in a day.
3. The degree of water purification is determined by the size of the mesh or cartridge cells. In some cases, it is more profitable to install sequentially 2 filters (first with a large grid, follow with shallow) - this will increase the service life of the equipment and reduce the filter cleaning frequency.

The choice of coarse filter is carried out according to the main characteristics: filter bandwidth, water purification, permissible pressure and temperature, type of connection, cross section diameter.

If the parameters dealt with the parameters, you can get to the choice. Preference is better to give domestic producers. Their calculations were made on the waters of the closest areas, and the equipment is adapted to work with such water, which cannot be said about foreign manufacturers.

Leading manufacturers of water filters:

• russian: "Akvafor", "Barrier" and "Geyser";
• german: "BlueFilters Group";
• scottish: "Hubert".

The price range of coarse water purification filters varies in the range of 500-10,000 rubles. It all depends on the complexity of the design, cleaning efficiency, additional equipment (pressure regulator, pressure gauge, etc.) and other characteristics.

How and where to install a coarse filter

Mechanical impurities in water are harmful to human health, reduce the operational period of household appliances, clog the filters of fine cleaning and accelerate the wear of some elements of the water supply system.

To protect as much as possible area from the harmful effects, the coarse water purification filter is installed on a common water pipe When entering an apartment or a house immediately after shut-off reinforcement.

Coarse filters are connected to the pipeline using a coupling (thread) or flange (bolted). For the connection of the elements, many different adapters, Signs, nuts, "American", etc. are provided.

Installing a coarse water purification filter does not require special skills, but should take into account a few trifles:

• On the filter housing, an arrow is drawn, indicating the direction of the fluid flow, the installation is made according to it.

• The filter mud (protruding part of the case) should be directed down - it helps to accumulate dirt.

The arrow in the picture indicates the direction of fluid flow. Locked installation options are not allowed.

• The direct mesh filter is valid only on horizontal portions of the pipeline.
• To clean the filter (if such is provided), an edge line is mounted, allowing you to put the fluid flow through the filter in the opposite direction. This feature will simplify the cleaning process.
• If an instruction from the manufacturer is attached to the filter, then you need to follow all instructions - this will extend the service life of the equipment.

Filter service - cleaning or replacement

During the operation of the filter, the dirt is accumulated and deterioration of the cleaning element. So that the efficiency of the equipment is not reduced, it is necessary to produce periodic prophylaxis. Cleaning the filter can be made in several ways depending on the connection scheme and the type of cleaning element:

• Cartridge filter does not require cleaning. It is necessary for a certain period (installed by the manufacturer) to measure the exhaust cartridge to the new one.
• Clearing mesh filters without a flushing circuit is made in several actions. First of all, you need to overlap the flow of water to the filter. Using span keys to surround the lid of the mud, pull out the mesh and drain the dirt in the bucket.

• Gently blow the grid with air or rinse with water. If the grid is damaged, then replace the new one.
• After washing the filter, set all the items in the reverse order. When assembling, pay attention to the state of rubber and parenchic gaskets, if necessary, replace new ones.

• Cleaning the filter using a flushing system. Overlap water supply to the home (before and after the filter) and open the water supply to the filter in the opposite direction. On the filter mud open a cork or valve and water pressure rinse the grid. For washing, you can use a hose or simply substitute the bucket. The whole process will take no more than 5 minutes.

The frequency of purification of coarse water purification filters depends on the intensity of using the water supply system and the amount of impurities in the stream. As a guideline, the testimony of pressure gauges before and after the filter or the weakening of the pressure from the crane can be.

Replacing the coarse water purification filter is made in case of incorrigible defects: cracks or chips in the housing, torn fixing thread, "eaten" the inner surface of the filter.

Installing a coarse water purification filter is not a time-consuming and complex process. It is more difficult to make the right choice of cleaning equipment. In this question, it is better to seek help from specialists, because the preservation of expensive household appliances and filters of fine cleaning depends on the work of coarse cleaning filters.