Gulch - a low grass with amazing blue, blue, yellow and purple flowers. Bright petals reflect all shades that are found in the sky. In addition, the guilty is medicinal plantrecognized in folk and official medicine. Put in our own garden so unpretentious and useful plant It is necessary. Moreover, in many countries it is listed in the Red Book. Privacy received its name for a very bitter taste. The plant belongs to the Gybensive family. In the family there are more than three hundred species that are distributed almost throughout the planet. You will not meet Privacy, unless in Antarctica and Africa.

Botanical description

Granki is represented by perennial and annual plants. It feeds its fairly thick and short rod rhizome. From him deep into the soil departs cordless processes. The flower can take the shape of a semi-staple or grass. The height of the shoots is only 5-15 cm, although there are varieties with a height of up to 1.5 m. On tough, short stems there are opposite seated leaves. Sheet plates are usually painted in dark green. They have a lancing or oval shape with a solid side edge and a pointed end.

At the top of the stem from the sinuses of the leaves, single flowers or low-mounted inflorescences are blooming. Depending on the type, they can appear in early spring Or at the beginning of autumn. The curl of the flower resembles the bell and has an elongated tube. The edges of thin petals are bent to the sides and repeat the shape of a symmetric five-pointed star. Flowers most advocates painted in various shades of blue colorAnd also have a purple, yellow or white color.

Pollination produces insects, who also collect pollen, because the guilty is a good honey. The fruit is a small seed box in which there are many small seeds.

Medical properties

In the rhizome and shoots of the guilty contains many alkaloids, glycosides and other biologically active substances. Due to this, the plant has long been applied to folk medicineand also used to prepare pharmaceutical agents. Granite-based decoction and preparations have high choleretic, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, stimulating effect.

Privacy is used to combat such ailments as:

• cough;
• convulsions;
• arthritis;
• scurvy;
• diarrhea;
• flatulence;
• anemia;
• fever.

It is important not to abuse drugs from the princess. Overdose leads to an increase in pressure, excitability, dizziness.

Plant species

In the genus of the province registered 359 varieties. In culture, about 90 of them are used. The most famous are the following types:

A large plant with a height of up to 1.5 m has a reprehensive stem. Its base framed the root rosette of large oval leaves. Foliage along the stem is characterized by more modest sizes. Numerous yellow flowers are assembled into the stubborn stem tops. Blossom occurs in the second half of summer. Each bud with a length of about 25 mm consists of pointed petals. Blossom continues up to 50 days.

Gulch taper (ordinary). The plant has a reprehensive slightly spawned stem length of 25-50 cm. Linear or lanceolate-line leaflets are located at the base and rarely along the entire length of escape. The length of the sheet plate is 3-7 cm. The stem flowers are grouped on the top of the stem. A bell tower 1.5-2 cm long consists of pointed petals. They are painted into a rich dark blue, on the inner surface at the base there are thin green strokes. Flowers in July-August.

A variety has softer, reprehensive or running shoots with a length of 25-40 cm. They are covered with long green foliage. Large dark blue flowers are collected in small top inflorescences. They bloom in July and bloom until the end of August. The plant can be used for cutting and forming bouquets.

Protection Crusading (cross-country). The plant has a thickened rod root and a straight stem up to 50 cm long. It is thickly covered with long foliage. Small bell colors inside have a turquoise color. Outside on the petals, gray-green shades are dominated. Blossom occurs in the second half of summer.

On a straight stem up to 80 cm high with a pointed edge with a pointed edge. Their length is 6-9 cm. In the sinuses of the upper leaves on the blooms - large single flowers. Their length reaches 5 cm. The whisk consists of blue-purple or white petals assembled into a narrow cup. Buds are disclosed since the end of August.

The plant consists of rigid space-resistant or drooping stems with a length of 40-70 cm. Based on and rare intersals are collected by leaves. Oval sheet plates can reach 20-40 cm long and 18-30 cm wide. Flowers are collected in thick inflorescences at the top leaves. The length of blue-purple bells is 1.5-2 cm. The edges of the petals are pointed. Flowers in July-August.

Gulprint is basic (kokha). The miniature alpine variety of not more than 10 cm is distinguished by special attractiveness. Oval leaflets of bright green color are collected in the root rosettes. Over them since the end of the spring are blooming large tubular flowers in blue, blue or white color. Blossom occurs very plentiful. It begins at the beginning of May and lasts up to 1.5 months.

Granki seven-part. This unpretentious variety grows up with a wide shrub tall up to 30 cm. Over weakly fruitless shoots blooms with purple-blue petals. The diameter of the bell is 5-7 cm. Blooms in mid-June.

Methods of breeding

Propulation of Prix Bank can be carried out by seed and vegetative ways. Seeds retain germination for 6-12 months. Before boarding, it is necessary to carry out cold stratification. Seeds are placed in a cool place with air temperature not more than + 7 ° C. For thermal-loving varieties of one month, the alpine varieties will need stratification within 2-3 months. During this period, seeds should be in sandy-peat soil. You can sow them in the fall in open sadBut not to plunge into the ground, but only press. After stratification, the seeds are sown into the wet soil and contain at a temperature of + 20 ° C. Shoots appear after 15-20 days.

At the beginning of the spring, the bustling bushes can be divided into several parts. The procedure should be carried out very carefully, as the guide tolerates the transplant badly. It is important to preserve the earthlom. New plants carefully transplanted on a new place. After the transplant, it is necessary to abundantly pour seedlings.

Some privacy varieties can be shredding. In the spring it is necessary to cut the top of the stem or side process with 1-2 interstices. The rooting is produced in water or sandy peat soil. The process may take up to a month. During this period, the cuttings should be watered with caution. In order for moisture less evaporated, it is covered with a glass jar or package. It is important to avoine a plant daily. With the advent of the roots, the seedlings are placed on a permanent place in the garden.

Care rules

Privacy in nature is a hardy plant, ready to adapt to harsh conditions. Alas, but in culture it is more capar. The genus unites varieties with a different habitat, so they need a different care.

Lighting. Gitecs prefer the outdoor sections (seven-part, Dauroskaya, Crusading, yellow) or in a small shadow (lastone). Deep shadow Contraindicated to all plants.

Temperature. Buckets are adapted to the conditions of moderate climate and frosty winters, so do not need additional shelter. They normally transfer freezing and summer heat.

The soil. Gulch prefers lungs, well-drained soils with moderate fertility. For her, sandy or thin soils are suitable with the addition of small stones. Neutral acidity is preferred. Granquip yellow and basic needed additional mulching by limestone. Regardless of the type, stagnation of water is unacceptable.

Watering. Plants need regular watering. During the drought period, the daily irrigation can be needed with small portions of the fluid.

Fertilizer. From May to August, the advocacy is recommended to fertilize half a portion. mineral fertilizer. Use formulations for blooming garden plants. If the soil is quite fertile, you can do without feeding.

Gulch in the garden

The guilty is good on stony areas and rocaria. So she looks most natural. It is advisable to use group landings, then a solid carpet will cover the reserved territory. He will delight sapphire shades that are infrequently visiting in nature.

In the flower bed, high plants are used in the central positions, and low-spirited species - in the foreground. Next door to them should be placed or decorative plantsthat do not grow too much. It can be sage, Single, bells. You can land the advocate before coniferous and deciduous shrubs. Speecually also neighborhood with medium grade cereals.

Igor Medvedev Head of the Garden and Park Department GUK

"MOS-KAZKSKY ZOO", Candidate S.-H. science

Margarita Krupina Agronomer

As not in the light of ugly women, so there is no ugly colors in the light.

But if the proud rose, luxurious peony - the privileged pets of each flower - always in sight, then to other colors it is necessary to carefully look at to evaluate their charity beauty, originality and refinement.

These plants include a thumbnail. When the ka-pellets of dew sparkle in the gram-phones in the gram-flicks, it seems that the whole garden is filled with a crystal ringing that welcomes the morning of the new day. And everything began very tragic. Easy plague carried thousands of life, and the healers of the time of IS-Kali antidote. The leakage of the Gencination successfully applied the decoction of the gunner of the light, named so subsequently, for the ledge of this terrible disease. Hence the name of the genus of Genzian and the Gajer's family. Rod has more than 400 species of annuals and perennials. Mount Chavings are distributed in the zones of the Mesh Climate of Europe, America, Australia.

Many species are low-spirited grassy perennials, which can be met in the wild in the Alps, on Kav-Kaz, on the mountain meadows of Tibet. Different conditions Growing led to a wide variety of plant appearance from dwarfs (2-3 cm you-cell) to one and a half meters high. Water-shaped flowers, similar to bells, tubular, solitary or collected in bundles in the sinuses of leaves from 3 to 5-6 cm in diameter. The whiten can be completely sighing or divided into 4-7 le ponds. The flowers are painted in white, pink, even purple tones, but the main color is blue, so clean and saturated that in honor of the plant, the name is gential. Gentian bloom at different times of the year - from weighing to deep autumn. Linear leaves, oval, egg-visible-lanceal, ovate-treewo-gallow; Burnt leaves are assembled into a socket. Very decorative leaves from a grief-tea yellow. They are corrugated and have a husky tint. In general, this species occupies a special place, as on the pho-not low female greenery - just a giant, because it reaches 1.5 m and can be painted as a soliter. G.Yakushimensis is notable for its leaves and Tibetan Mount-Chawl (G. Tibetica] - they have very large [up to 25 cm], about a huge prik-non-rosette. Ginger's flowers are racing on sun.But in general, choosing a place for secrets of beauties, should be kept on the half, especially in the half-bottom clock.

Genzianas are well evolving on light, loose soils, with a large co-holding humus, with a slightly alkaline or neutral reaction [pH \u003d 7.0-7,5].

The soil should be constantly wet, but not raw. The plot is better to drain the pebbles, ceremony, a broken brick. Soil mixture Of the two parts of the leaf or compost land and one part of the peat is made from the calculation to 15 kg per 1m2 with a stepper and the preparation of the site for the landing of the advocate. If the soil is clay, heavy, then 1 m2 is 1-2 buckets of coarse sand. The soil is drunk to a depth of at least 20 cm with the obligatory removal of the root little perennial herbs. G.Farreri G. acaulis G. Verna Genziana multiply the division of bushes or seeds. Severate gentials in the spring (autumn-flaky species) or at the beginning of September [Spring-driving], best with a room of land, at a distance of 15-30 cm from each other depending on the type of plant. If there is no need, it is better not to divide the bushes, as many species G. Flavomaculata G. Scabra Var. Buergeri after that do bad things. After planting the plant, within 2-3 weeks, they are abundantly watered with in-timber 2-3 days. Seeds at the advocate of pretty chalk, so it is better to plant them in the sowing boxes, at the bottom of which clamzit or fine crushed stone poured. Seeds are planted with small close-up Earth-Lay or Sand. Slow seeds in autumn or spring. Seeds, are sown in autumn, leave outdoors under the snow until spring, since they must pass stratification. Seeding seed seeds of semi-exclusive ray sow in February in boxes, which then bury under the snow. More reliably grow seedlings in the greenhouse.

Seedlings grow on a garden of three years and only on the fourthly landed them -

a place. Outside the greenhouse, the seedlings are necessary for the winter to cover the noodle. Why did we stay separately on the seven-party advocacy? Because she is unpretentious, grows well on any drained soil. It is plentifully blooming with bright blue narrow gram-tongues with a length of 3.0 to 3.5 cm. You are a plant of a plant from 20 to 50 cm. Lastry tool, light, cross-person easily multiply a bush and seeds. Popular Gulch's Privacy, which is in-color in May, has flowers large, directed up. Known varieties with blue, white and pink flowers.

Gulch tight in a wild form meets on the subalpine meadows Alps and Carpathians. In culture, this is a rather large plant that blooms only on the third-fourth year. Powerful stem up to 1.5 m high, large oval-ovoid leaves, yellow g. clusii f.alba flowers collected by several pieces in the sinuses of the upper leaves, allow you to use the Gulchus yellow in the group and in the background Mix Border. Gulch tape has violations: prefers the weakness of the soil; only the semes are multiplied, the decenes are almost never leaving; Roots, starting in the third year of life, can be used as medicinal raw materials. Ginger roots are part of various bitter dishes and fees for an increase in appetite. Seeds are stratified in a holo-coil within three months. You can sow seeds under the winter at the pre-prepared groic-ku or in a box and take it under the snow. After overcoming, the spring second year's life, the plant transplant to a permanent place. The low-spirited guilty in the semi-nor garden look like a blue handkerchiefs, randomly forgotten by the hostess. Very good gingerbread on the alpine slides. Perennial species Gybilchovok, which are acroiled in culture, are presented in the following table.

What shades of blue only do not see the amazing colors of the guilty. The whole palette fit into them - from a bright, saturated sapphire, turning into purple, to the pale blue. They are planted on the borders and a solid carpet, glad to the eyes of thousands of passersby.

Despite the amazing appearance, the luxurious color of flowers, abundant bloom, the guilty is not too common in culture. The fact is that these plants are very demanding on the habitat conditions, so if you want the privilets to not just grow in the site, but also actively bloomed, you need to observe all the subtleties of growing these colors.

Seeds Prix Bank

Protect the guilty seeds, the division of the bush and stalling.

However, the reproduction of seeds has its advantages. First, you can get many copies at once, and secondly, plants that have grown out of seed will be more adapted to local conditions.

Gentian seeds are very small, therefore, for the development of the embryo, they require stratification.

Buying seeds, pay attention to their expiration date, as the seeds are very quickly losing the germination, - advises the gardener Olga Vinogradov. - For the best germination, it is better to have a cold stratification of seeds. It consists in holding seeds in moderately wet, well ventilated conditions at temperatures from 0 to + 5 ° C. For different varieties, a different amount of time is needed for stratification, here you need to watch seeds. Sometimes the seeds are just one month of stratification, but more often it takes two, and then three months of cooling.

Procedure

Stratification of seeds at home is a rather laborious process, but with it you can get adult copies faster. If you have little seed, then home seeding will save each seedman.

You can germinate at home in the fridge or on a glazed balcony. An open loggia for these purposes is not suitable, because the temperature drops too low.

Stratification and further cultivation of Gite seedlings takes place in several stages:

1. Stratification of seeds. For stratification, seeds are mixed with sand in a 1k3 ratio or with a granular peat. The sand should be wet, small and pre-calcined. After mixing, lay the seeds into small plates.
2. The correctness of the fulference of the deadlines. For the first two weeks, keep seed seeds at a temperature of 20-25 degrees, then more than 1.5 months in the cold, after another 2-3 weeks warm.
3. Sowing is made in a steady land, the composition of which does not play a special role, the main condition is the ability to pass water and air. The substrate is poured into the pot, after it is compacted and spilled with boiled water, then seeds are sown and put on a thin layer of soil.
4. Sowing seeds. The earlier you spend the stratification of seeds, the sooner they are posted, which is, the faster you get seedings and you will have more chances to grow strong plants.
5. Care. For maintaining moisture, cover the crop film or glass. Moisturizing produce from sprayer, otherwise you just wash the seeds to the surface.

Capacity with seeds sown for germination. Put in a warm light place, better with scattered light so that the crops were not very hot, "says Sergey Vladimirovich Serov, the head of the kennel. - But when the first shoots appear, the lighting must be increased, otherwise the seedlings will be pulled out, they will be weak and susceptible to diseases.

After the appearance of two pairs of real leaves, the seedlings need to be divened, blocking to the seedlings. They are easily transferred to this procedure. It is advisable to immediately transplant them into individual pots.
Seeders of some species in the early crop forming a small outlet at the end of July. Large views are quite possible to plant at a permanent place.

Privacy

You can try to give the seeds to survive the winter naturally. This will allow you to free the place on the windowsill and in the refrigerator. Seeding seeds in vivo (temperature differences, light day and humidity) increases the percentage of seeds. But this follows and the main minus - an increase in time from sowing to flowering. The tires sitting in the fall of one year will go and bloom only after 2 to 3 years. On average, street crops are lagging behind for 1 year grown at home.

Street sowing of Gulchki requires minimum effort and costs. Street seeding consists of the following steps:

• Sowing seeds in the pot and powder their soil layer;
• Watering. Water the landing carefully to not blur seeds.
• Select room for wintering. It is best for this shady places, where a lot of snow attacked in winter.

In the spring after the appearance of shoots, take care of the protection of your plants. Special danger represent direct solar rays and slugs. Also make sure that the plant does not disappear. The best option Will pick up the advocacy home, so she will grow faster.

Thus, you can sow the advocate of the entire autumn and winter. If the snow has fallen, then the pot with seedlings need to be sprinkled with snow.

For sure to achieve the shoots of Pritecquer better take advantage of both ways, seeding seeds and houses and in the fresh air, and then you will definitely enjoy the flowering of these amazing plants.

Prepared Malvina Ermolaeva.

Note!

Do not attempt to digitize in nature. The plant does not tolerate the transplant. Most likely, it does not come true due to a sharp change of conditions.

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Daria Morozova 2.03.2015 | 3795.

Want to add saturated deep blue to other garden paints? Sent Privacy. And we will tell you how to do it.

Gardeners plant underestimated - they rarely grow it. In nature, the guilty is found in the tundra and mountainous locations. In the gardens, the guilty looks great on the Alpine Hills: the height of the plant is on average from 5 to 30 cm. The plant forms an empty low bush, a lush green curtain, covered with ultramarine "bells" to 7 cm long.

Privacy - Frost-resistant unpretentious plant With high decorativeness. Many are known privacy Policy But for the first experiments you can buy other types: celebration of seven-oscillate, Gulchovka Daurosky, Gulchovka Spanish, Tolsti-Suitable, Gulchite, Greaspan, Lastune Privacy .

Sowing seeds in the garden

Prix \u200b\u200bseeds need stratification. Peeling methods are two: late in the fall in the garden or at home to seedlings. In the open soil, seedlings calmly carry low spring temperatures. In the first year of life, they can not be overwhelmed, the scorching sun is excluded. By autumn, a small outlet of the leaves is formed. Kurtin will later determine the division, single plants - vegetatively.

Sowing Prix to Seedlings

If seeds seed early (in December-January), then the flowers of the plants will be delighted for the second year. Privacy has a long term stratification. Experts do not advise heating seeds in plastic capacity: Stagnation of moisturizing in them stimulates the appearance of moss. Soil From the store substrate should be mixed with river sand in an equal proportion.

Sow Seeds superficially in ceramic pots, sprinkling a slight layer of humus, sprinkling water from the sprayer and covering the finely chopped sphagnum, which is removed from the beginning of spring. Seed seeds should be in the dark. For the first 5-7 days, the container must be kept at a temperature of 10-15 ° C: for swelling seeds. Then it must be moved to a cold place, for example, to the refrigerator. At a temperature of 0-5 ° C, the stratification passes within one and two months.

Granki will germinate after transporting to a room with a temperature of up to 20 ° C. Shoots appear in about 12-20 days. The growth process is slow, suitable conditions: 14-18 ° C, diffused light. One pickup should be held before landing in the ground. Some species can do without it, so as not to injure the root system of the seedlings.

Landing seedlings Gentle in the ground

With common unpretentiousness different types Gulchites demonstrate individual requests. Prix \u200b\u200bBank for formation alpine Gork (gulch Fasseltering, Spring Privacy ) We prefer solar sections, loams with moderate fertility, sufficient moisture. Stone, lime fragments, crushed stone and raise - optimal conditions For growth and development. Soil acidity is neutral. In the flat plot, the flowers will be lost among tall plants. On raised earthy beds, they will have to compete with a dandelion, dusty.

Larger Privier - printedry Lastune, Granki seven-part, Taurry Gulch They grow both in the shade and in the sun, do not require stony elements in the soil, reach 30-100 cm in height. They are planted with floccals, astilbami in flowerbed: The soil requirements are similar.

Fans of advocate make up their species assortment in the garden in such a way that blooming is continuously from spring and to the first frosts. For example, privacy Policy blooms at the beginning of May, and granki semi-separator - In the fall until the first snow.

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Sozhzhi soil processing as fertilizer for flowers

With fertilizers you can grow in the garden even the most exotic flowers, and how to achieve lush flowering For those who are familiar ...

Herbaceous decorative plants are divided into two groups - annual and perennial.
Communion full life cycle Pass for 6-7 months. Winter period they are transferred in the form of seeds. Perennials in the winter are preserved in the form of rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, clubnelaukovits.
For annual plants Seed reproduction is the only way to breed them. Some thermal-loving perennials - petunias, lion zev, fragrant tobacco, pyrethrums and some others, have a long period from the appearance of shoots to flowering. They are grown by seeds as annuals. Many annuals need more heat than they can get in the open soil. Such plants include Begonia, Astra Summer, Lobelia and others. Many decorative plants have a long period of vegetation and when sowing an open soil bloom very late or do not have time to bloom. Therefore, the need arises to grow their seedlings. To speed up blossoms in the garden of velvets, calendula and koreopsis, I sowing their seeds in greenhouse conditions for 2-3 months before landing in the ground.
Fast emerging seeds of amaranth, resattop, nasturtium, esthemal, gypsophila and other sow in spring right into the ground. Directly in place can be heated by plants like mattiol, marigolds. They carry morning frosts and spring cold. The landing in the soil requires poppies, as they are painfully reacting to a transplant and picking.
Growing grassy perennials from seeds is the main way to obtain a healthy planting material. Seeds multiply many types of lilies and irises.
I draw attention to the preparation of seeds to sow. Many seeds of flower plants give friendly and fast shoots without any preparation. But often needed pre-sowing preparation of seeds. After all, sometimes they hardly germinate and grow long. For example, seedlings of irises, peonies, tulips bloom only after five to six years.
To reduce the timing of seed germination, get more friendly shoots, seeds of healthy plants are subjected to special processing - drank, wigging, stratification, quilling, cooling and scarification.
Drytention. Almost all seeds are subject to disinfect in order to protect germinals from mushroom and bacterial diseases. Driveing \u200b\u200bcan be dry (pollinating with poisonous drugs) and wet (2% solution of mangartage for 15 minutes, formalin solution 1: 600 for 50 minutes). The seed premises are widely used with a temperature of up to 55 ° C and higher. Drying spend in advance or immediately before sowing. Processed seeds can not be stored more than two to three days.
Washing is useful for all seed species without exception, as it softens the shell and speeds up their germination. It is especially important to use it for fragrant seeds. The smell indicates the presence of essential oils, which should be removed from the embryo. Washing stop when a foam appears, which indicates that the conditions for germination of the embryo are created. Remove the seeds from the water and keep wet until they stick, and then sow.
Seeds fragrant peas, Nastures, beans and other similar large seeds soak in warm (25 ... 30 ° C) water. It should be clean and change daily.
To prepare for sowing some seeds with dense, impermeable skin and old trees hot water. This will contribute to the softening of their seed shells and better swelling in the water.
How to do it? In the flat cup of seeds, pour the swashed water - on 1 volume of seeds - 3 volumes of water. Excess hot water is dangerous if overheating. Put in a warm place for 24 hours. If seeds do not swell, repeat the procedure after this time. Most old seeds can be mashed in water with a temperature of from 30 to 60 ° C 15-20 min, cool in cold water, peise and sow. Seeds can be flushed within 6 hours in warm running water.
The sharp change of temperature allows you to restore the lost germination.
Stratification. One of the most common types of rest in seeds in general and flower plants in particular is biochemical braking of the development of the embryo.
To withdraw seeds from such peace, they must be exposed to temperatures.
This process consists of two stages - swelling and subsequent cooling of the seeds. The easiest way to sow fresh seeds in open ground late in the fall, where they will pass natural stratification. With such a sowing, the seeds swell well, freeze and give friendly shoots (sharply, cyclamen, most of the bulbous, primroses).
To provide seeds guaranteed to germinate them are subject to special processing. During this processing, the seeds are sufficiently prolonged exposure to low temperatures. Stratification is carried out in a specially prepared substrate. To do this, take dry moss sphagnum, sidewged through a sieve with a cell diameter of 0.5 cm. You can add one part of the sand. For moisturizing, four volumes of this substrate mix with one volume of water. Then four volumes of the wet substrate mix with one volume of seeds. Seeds should not dry. Place the mixture in a plastic bag, keep 2 - 3 days warm to ensure the swelling of the seeds. Now the seeds are ready for the effects of low temperature. Place the bag in the refrigerator, placing as close as possible to the freezer, where the lowest temperature, but not negative. Shake the bag periodically and turn the bag that warns the seal of the mixture and improves the air exchange.
Different types of seeds withstand in the refrigerator different times - from 3 to 24 weeks.
One month of stratification is required for seeds of aconite, dioxores, waterboats, pleasures, privilets, hosts, anemones; two months - Barbaris, astrants; Four months - Magonia, grapes, prince. For many, the overexharges in the cold are not terrible, as they germinate, only being favorable in spring favorable conditions. In some plants, seed germination begins immediately as soon as they get a sufficiently long exposure to cold, no matter what temperature they are withstanding. All components of the substrate must be pasteurized.
It is almost always necessary to stratify the seeds of family of bell, advocate, peon, and color, butterfly. For stratification of rosehip seeds, from the autumn to the substrate from the Earth and sand add a few oversized lime. Moisten this mixture to dilute sulfuric acid (1 part of sulfuric acid on 3 parts of water). Crude rosehip fruits in the prepared mixture placed in a gross pot, a pot or other capacity, scream into the ground or keep in the cold room. In winter, mix this mixture. In the spring they will come together. There are other methods for processing richness seeds.
Warm stratification is possible. In this case, seeds are crushed into a dark room with a temperature of 15 ... 22 OS, during the seed stratification period periodically mix. With long-term stratification, change the substrate, and rinse seeds. Follow the moisture content of the substrate, otherwise the seeds will suspend development.
Stratified seeds seite in the usual way to seedlings in accordance with the requirements of the plant type.
Small seeds of grassy perennials are stratified otherwise. Rinse them, drink in a row and sprinkle with clean sand. When stored in the refrigerator to save humidity, pack in a plastic bag. In the process of stratification, it is impossible to transfer or damage the surface layer of the substrate.
Cold stratification is recommended for all the elimination of grassy perennials, regardless of whether they need it or not. It can never damage the seeds, but always contributes to friendly germination.
If there is no accurate instructions for stratification conditions, then contain seeds at a temperature of 20 ... 22 OS for 3-7 days, and then at a temperature of 1 ... 4 OS for 1-3 months.
Ultraviolet irradiation can be used to stimulate the germination of seeds with a solid shell.
Seed marching reduces their germination. Shoots are obtained by friendly, low-temperatures resistant. The easiest method is sowing in the open soil in the fall. Another way - seeds place in a gauze bag or a flame and for 2-3 days, withstand at low temperatures, then scream in the snow until spring. In Qinnia, Petunia, Kindergarten, the velvetsev cooling improves the development of seedlings and for 15-20 days accelerates flowering.
There is another way of wrapping: seeds after sowing in a row marked at a temperature of 1 ... 5 OS in the refrigerator. The term is unlimited, but enough two to three days. You can freeze seeds in water for 2-3 days. After marking the seeds, bring to moderate heat for thawing. For some plants, for example, gential, these procedures are required with a two-three-time repetition. Examination spend on time and at a temperature corresponding to the requirements of plants.
Scarification. Seeds with dense leather before sowing it is necessary to break resting period. It is under the power of any gardener. Seeds treated special method, Start germinate immediately as soon as they fall into favorable conditions.
There are several ways to scarification.
1. Mechanical - seed shell squeeze, prescribe a razor blade, a file, or handle the sandpaper. In any case, there should be no damage to the embryo. After machining seeds, wet their swelling.
In some herbatous plants, especially the family of legumes, such as lupine, seeds have a very dense shell. It takes a lot of time so that it collapses in the soil, and the seeds could start absorbing water. To accelerate the germination of these seeds, they will cover their skin with a safe razor blade and facilitate water flow. In full removal of seed peel no need. The swelling seed itself breaks the rest of the cover. Sometimes to bring seeds with solid seals from the rest state, they must also be exposed to low temperatures.
The period of rest in some herbaceous plants (lilies, peonies) proceeds quite peculiar. If sowing in the winter and spring period, the seeds begin to germinate with increasing temperature, but it is formed alone root system. For the development of stems, the plant needs to be survived another period of winter cold. As a result, shoots appear only in the spring of the second year. Until this time, do not fall into despair and do not throw away the seed seeds.
2. Thermal. Seeds first marvel, and then scalked with boiling water or kept in hot water With a temperature of up to 60 OS in the thermos. Repeat this procedure as long as the shell is bursting. This method is good for bone crops.
3. Chemical. The shell sofaming the action of a 2-3% ¬o solution of salt or sulfuric acid (2 parts of the solution to 1 part of the seeds) at a temperature of 15 ... 27 OS for 10 minutes to 6 hours. It can be soaked for 10-12 hours in chlorine water ( 2-3 drops of chlorine on a glass of water) or in a solution of mangartage for 15 minutes. After chemical treatment seeds, rinse in running water. The method is used to process seeds with very dense cover.
All seeds in front of sowing are useful to withstand in solutions of growth stimulants, trace elements, humate, which increase the energy of germination. At the same time, the harmonization of seeds occurs. Strong seedlings develop.
Iodine, bromine, chloroform also raise the germination of old seeds. Slim on seeds coniferous plants Drain in the ammonia alcohol.
Chemical treatment of seeds is especially important for seeds, if there is a suspicion of infection with fungal and bacterial diseases.
Warming seeds in the sun in the bag for 2-4 days helps to increase the germination and improvement in the quality of flowering of many cultures. Often, the seeds are heated in water, heating it up to 50 ° C. Usually, the method is used by thermos. Place the seeds in the bag for half an hour in the thermos, and then rinse in cool water, dry and sow.
Before choosing a pre-sowing method, familiarize yourself with the plant agricultural engineering, conditions and duration of seed storage.
T. Sobolev
Newspaper "Gardener" №5, 2010