How to make water heating itself in the house. Types of energy sources and factors determining their choice
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How to make heating in a private house? Perhaps this will be the very first and most important question you will specify if you decide to move from a noisy urban apartment in your own cozy house Or if you want to drastically remake the furnace heating system that got used from grandparents and replace it with something more modern and automated. From what decision you will take now will depend on the level of comfort, comfort and heat in your home. What method of heating will be the most efficient and economical? What type of heating will suit you best? It's time to get answers to all these questions! And best will start with general concepts and principles.
What kind of heating to do in a private house
Modern heating systems must comply with certain requirements.
- Easy installation. The big advantage of the heating system will simply install it and minimal spending for this. Sometimes for the installation of the heating system in a private house, you need to buy special tools that may not come in handy in the future.
Proper relation prices and qualities. Speaking of quality, we mean the high efficiency, in which the maximum necessary amount of heat is given for the lowest possible amount of money.
Availability of maximum automation. Modern heating systems should not require frequent interference in their work. Almost all owners of houses want to set up their heating system once and do not approach her. This is possible when using high-quality modern heating systems.
Reliability. Obviously, no one wants to repair the heating system every six months from failures and breakdowns. Also, in addition to the quality requirements of its parts and the system itself, it is worth mentioning and the price - it is unlikely that someone will prefer such a heating system, the price of which is comparable to the cost of the house.
The cost of the heating system in a private house depends on the price of materials, the level of thermal insulation, the number of doors, windows, the fuel of the system itself, the warm floor and the complexity of the system.
External conditions are the factor that primarily affects the choice of the heating system for a private house. This can also be attributed as subtleties in installing each heating systemand a constantly growing price for fuel.
If energy resources are in ascending order, they will look like this:
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Liquefied gas;
Exhaust oil;
Electricity.
Main gas;
This list can undergo minor changes depending on the region, however general form It will not change. Make gas heating in a private house will always be the cheapest option, while the highest costs will require heating using electricity.
It is worth remembering that fossil resources are not infinite, they will not fall much in price, and recently there is a tendency to transition to the use of renewable energy sources. At the moment, the heating system in a private house based on such sources has a rather high cost, but operating costs will be extremely low.
How to make economical heating in a private house
Heating with wood and coal
Make a furnace heating is a traditional and widespread version of the heating system in private homes. Most often, a large Russian oven is found in rustic houses. Having significant sizes and mass, it is heated for a long time, but also gives heat is also very not fast. The air heating in the house depends on the temperature of the furnace itself and the remoteness of the rooms from it - the further the room, the more cooler in it.
If a a private house It has a large area, you can make a furnace in each room. But they trample them every day is not the simplest and fast lesson, besides, each of the stoves will need regular cleaning. What way there is someone who cannot afford heating with electricity and does not have access to the gas highway?
Many in such a situation are heated by private houses with water. Since often in remote settlements, the most affordable type of fuel is coal and firewood, they are used to heat the oven to which the boiler with water is mounted. Heated water in pipes moves from the boiler into separate rooms, in this way the heating of a private house is not very expensive.
If there is a challenge to arrange heating in a small country house, which is not intended for permanent residence, then the best option for such housing is the installation of "bourgeitors". Pictures are gaining popularity long burning. They are placed a significant amount of firewood, which immediately do not burn due to limited air intakes inside the furnace. In this way, the heating of the room and maintain heat without the need for frequent flushing firewood into the furnace.
Gas heating
Even in the absence of a central gas pipeline in a private house to really make gas heating. In this case, a standalone gas tank is installed next to the house.
If the house is supplied to the house (or there is such an opportunity), then the owner of the house gets access to the cheapest fuel. Gas heating, as a rule, is a boiler and batteries in the house. Unlike the furnace system, the gas heating system can be configured once and not to engage more maintaining the heating process. It will work automatics that you need to occasionally control.
In a private house, you can arrange a single or two-pipe heating system. The first will be cheaper by reducing the number of pipes themselves. In this article, we still pay attention to how to make a single-tube heating in a private house, however, such a system is demanding that the water heating temperature in the batteries (at least 90 degrees Celsius) so that at the end of the heating circuit there was enough heat. For the same purpose, high pressure should be ensured in such a system. These factors lead to increased wear of the entire system. Therefore, the two-pipe system for heating a private house is most often used. Its feature is the presence of two pipes in each battery in the house - feed and reverse. In this way, uniform heating of all radiators is ensured and the ability to establish the necessary temperature in each room at home appears. Naturally, the cost of such a system will be higher.
When using a boiler generator, the price of a private house heating depends on a certain fuel. In the case of applying diesel, the heating will be relatively inexpensive, in addition, liquid fuel is quite convenient to store and use. Also on savings affects the diameter of the pipe. For forced circulation of the coolant, a smaller size is required than for natural. Accordingly, there will be cheaper pipes for a system with forced circulation, however, this option includes an electric pump that adds electricity costs.
Heated electricity
Spend heating with electricity in the house in which they live round yearwill be expensive. If you have a heating in a private house, the price of which will not exceed your plans for costs, - for you the principal moment, it is better to try to use other heating systems and purchase more expensive equipment. The advantages of electroconverters and electrocotes are that they have a low price and suggest an easy installation. Compared to those heating systems where firewood or diesel fuel is used, electric heaters have a significantly lower fire hazard. They also allow manually adjusting the temperature that directly affects savings.
However, electricity heating is well suited only for houses that are visited from time to time, since the installation of a more expensive heating system will pay off for a very long time or can not pay off at all. Also, the electric boiler is suitable as a backup or additional source of heat in case the main source operates on corner or firewood.
To save, you can install solar panels, thermal pumps or geothermal systems.
Summing up, it can be said that the cheapest fuel for heating will be gas. Strong behind him in this aspect, firewood and coal are located, there will be liquid types of fuel. Electricity will always be the most expensive. As for the heating systems themselves, it is impossible to definitely make conclusions. A lot will depend on the area of \u200b\u200bthe house, materials, of which the house is built, the remoteness from the highway (in the case of gas heating).
In order to understand how it is better to do heating in a private house, you need to take into account the prices of fuel, the price of the equipment itself and its installation, the overall ease of using the heating system, as well as the need for heating itself. Perhaps that the best option It will spend a significant amount at the beginning of construction, and then save on exploitation, thereby paying for spending. A vivid example of this is alternative energy sources. For example, the cost of installing solar panels, heat pumps or geothermal systems in a private house will be very large, but after installation, the operation of these devices is completely free, which will lead to their rapid payback.
Savings lies not only in proper choice Heating system and low fuel price. Significantly reduce the cost of heating can be insulated the house itself. It happens that during the construction of a private house, people think about insulation. It also helps to save automation, which will maintain a comfortable temperature in the house at minimum cost. If you are going to leave for a long time, you can set the lower temperature threshold, which will not lead to the freezing of the house and allow you to significantly save on heat, not spending it on the heating of the empty room.
How to make heating in a private house with your own hands and where to start
As they say, dance from the stove. In modern permanent residence homes, you need to start with a heating boiler. However, the choice of the boiler is not an end in itself, his purchase must be justified by the project, taking into account the locality where the private house was built, and the features of this house.
Draft heating system of a private house
For the project of the housekeeping system, a package of heat supply design is required indicating the necessary tolerances, sizes and other parameters. As a rule, organizations engaged in such projects make three-dimensional housekeeping drawings. The following is an example of such a project.
An integrated approach when designing a heating system for a home must take into account a number of important points.
Competent positioning of the building relative to the communications suitable for it, from the gas pipeline to the power grid.
The correct location of the building on the sides of the light is to have enough light through the windows into the house.
Modern windows that do not allow heat leaks through the frame. As a rule, it is three-chamber windows with a ventilation valve.
Using the effect of the greenhouse: even with big windows, Having indoors a heat source (for example, a fireplace), and subject to the location of this room on the sunny side the temperature in it will not fall below 20-22 degrees Celsius even in a heavy frost. There will also be no need for additional heating devices.
You can also install a fireplace (even if it is electric), which will perform the function of the autonomous power source, besides, it creates an additional comfort.
Not only the outer walls of the house should be insulated, but also the inner partitions are ceilings, walls, floors. If there are several floors in the house, then you need to warm up the upper floors.
Upholstered furniture in the rooms perfectly retains heat.
When implementing in its private house above the conditions, its owner will be able to feel comfortable and not to include the heating system of unnecessary two weeks. Also, disconnect the heating system in such a house for two weeks earlier without losing a comfortable temperature inside.
The home heating project involves the presence of a heat supply system that may be the following species.
Air - this species does not require the installation of batteries and pipes. However, difficulties may arise with maintaining a constant temperature in the house, and the efficiency of such a system will not be stable due to the strong exposure to the external environment. Nevertheless, this cottage heating project will be cheaper than all other options.
Electric - such a system could be much more popular if it were not for the limited power of the power grid in many consumers. In general, the system designed to use electricity for home heating will have an increased value in both maintenance and use, since the price for electricity is quite high.
Infrared - the most modern type Constructions that fully meets all the requirements for heating systems. Plus, in recent times, such projects have a cheapening property, as technology does not stand still, but are constantly improving.
Pipeline is the most popular system, as well as the cheapest. To use it requires the installation of a mini-boiler room, in which sensors will be, pumps and a heating boiler.
The choice between these structures remains for the owner of a private house. However, in any case, consultation is required with specialists. If you try to solve this question yourself, without having necessary experience and knowledge, you can make a lot of irreparable mistakes that will lead to increased truths of finance and time.
On the example you can understand how to correctly calculate the heating for the house.
But this is not all: it is also necessary to take into account the loss of heat through the windows of the house and because of the place where the house is built. For accounting of these factors apply correction factors:
In the southern regions, the coefficient is 0.7-0.9;
In the suburbs - 1.2-1.5;
In the northern regions - 1.5-2.0.
If it is assumed to use hot water for household needs, then when planning a heating system, it is necessary to increase the power of the boiler at least a quarter.
This is not the final list of requirements for the heating boiler, but they will allow you to determine the necessary parameters of the heating system.
Full and final calculation requires ownership of a special technique, accounting for additional factors and must be carried out by an experienced and qualified specialist.
It is better to learn in advance and understand the ways to install the heating system and the use of hot water for heating.
Pro Circulation of the coolant
Usually hot water appears in the role of the coolant. When installing heating in a private house, we must consider how its circulation will occur - natural or forced.
- Natural circulation. This method is based on the rise of hot water and the descent of cold. Thus, there is no need for special devices moving the coolant. In addition, heating based on this type of circulation is autonomous and does not depend on other resources. However, the necessary requirements of the installation of such a system arise:
The pipe for the reverse stroke of the coolant should have a smaller cross section than the underwear pipe;
Hot water container should be higher than other elements of the system;
To enter water in the battery, the sulfur tube must be placed at an angle to them;
The boiler should be the lowest element of the heating system.
Choosing a heating system with natural circulation, it should be borne in mind that such a heating is possible only for not a very large room - up to 150 square meters. M. But with this method there will be complete autonomy.
- Forced circulation. As follows from the name of the method, the movement of the coolant in the system is carried out by a pump that swings through the heating circuit. She has no restriction on the heated area and the installation method.
Types of mountage
The most common types of installation are the following.
One-tube. With this installation, the coolant is consistently moving through all the batteries, leaving part of the heat in each of them. As a result, the latter in the chain, radiators are heated much weaker than the first, and the temperature in such premises is lower. The advantages of such a device - to make installation quite simply, and its price will be relatively low, since the pipes are needed less.
Two-pipe. In such a system, water from the central highway enters each battery and returns back. This type of installation is significantly more efficient than a single-tube, but also to make it - the process is more expensive and time consuming.
Methods of completion
It will be much easier if you allow to make such work to specialized companies. Despite the essential cost (tens of thousands of rubles) As a result, a high-quality heating system designed to your home and turnkey completed in your house.
In principle, such work can be done on your own. It is necessary to take into account a number of important factors, familiarize yourself with the rollers on the Internet, read the training materials and instructions in the books. With this approach, the cost of installation will consist of purchased materials and equipment.
The heating of a private house is a complex system. However, it is necessary to know its device and the requirements that it should be responsible for taking the optimal solution when choosing a particular system for its own private home. Also, these knowledge will help assess the level of necessary costs.
How to make heating in a private house and prevent 5 typical mistakes during installation
It cannot be said that only five mistakes can be allowed by mounting the heating system in the house. But we will talk about the most significant of them, the presence of which will lead to sad consequences. These are these errors.
Error when choosing a heat source.
Incorrecting heat generator.
Initially incorrect heating system.
Embossed installation of pipes and reinforcement.
Errors when installing and connecting heating devices.
A typical error - the choice of insufficient power boiler. As a rule, such a missure can be made when it is provided for not only for heating, but also to prepare water for DHW. When installing the boiler with insufficient power, the heat generator will not be able to function normally, and water will not be sufficient temperature in batteries or in cranes.
The strapping of the boiler not only performs its immediate functions, but also is an element of security. Thus, the pump is installed, as a rule, on the return pipe in front of the heat generator and on the bypass line. The pump shaft must be in a horizontal position. Another error is the installation of the crane between the boiler and the security group, which is categorically prohibited.
Important. When connecting a solid fuel boiler, you cannot install a pump before the three-way valve, and only after it (along the coolant).
Make the calculation of the size of the expansion tank can be based on the total volume of the coolant (as a rule, it is 10% of it). In the open circuit, the tank is mounted at the top point, in the closed - in front of the pump on the return pump. There is a mud between them, while it should be in a horizontal position with a plug, pointing down. The wall boiler is connected to the pipes of American.
The shortcomings when choosing a heating system for a private house lead to unnecessary financial costs - first you overpay for materials and installation, and then pay the system to lead to the working condition. Most often mistaken when choosing and installing single-tube systems: hang more than 5 batteries per branch, poorly connect the plots, the angle and fittings are incorrectly chosen.
How to make heating in a private house - video
What pipes do heating in a private house
The tightness of the entire heating system will depend on the right choice of pipes, so they cannot be neglected. The task is assigned to the pipes not only to save the selected temperature, but also to preserve the coolant in a closed loop. Thus, the selected pipes must have high strength characteristics.
Conditionally, you can split pipes into two large groups:
Plastic-based pipes have steadily high demand, especially made of polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride. Distinctive feature first material - resistance to abrasion, second - resistance to chemical extensions;
Metal pipes are also not losing popularity. Their dignity is high strength. Pipes made of copper or stainless steel are highly corrosion resistance (which cannot be said about other materials of this group).
For heating to a private house independently need to stop its choice on one type of pipes. Best for a private house are suitable such pipes like:
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Stainless steel;
Polypropylene;
Polyethylene (REH, Re-RT);
Metal plastic.
Steel;
The pipeline from the "black" metal became the diet of the past, as it has low corrosion resistance and is inclined to "overgrow" sections. In addition, to independently mount pipes from such a material, you need to have a high skill welding work To ensure the tightness of the joints. However, some owners of private houses do not refuse such pipes for the device of their heating system.
Pipes from copper or stainless steel can be a good choice, but you won't call it budget. These materials show good resistance to high pressure and temperature. Thus, in the presence of sufficient finances, such pipes will be an excellent choice. The docking of the elements of the coolant from copper will be more complex, as the soldering skill will be required, but from stainless steel connected with the help of press or collapsible fittings. If you want to make a hidden pipe wiring, then it is better to choose the last option.
Council. Inside the boiler room for the strapping of the boiler and mounting highways better apply metal pipes.
For a budget version of heating in a private house, you need to choose polypropylene (PPR) pipes. From all their species, those that are reinforced with fiberglass or foil from aluminum should be preferred. Installing such elements - the occupation is complex and not ending errors.
The PPR pipes are joined with the soldering of the fittings, while their quality check is not amenable. If the soldering was carried out at a not enough heat, then the junction will flow, if there was a place overheating, then the passage channel will be blocked. The worst thing is that it is not possible to learn about the errors during the installation. The results of incorrect installation will be shown only during operation. Another disadvantage is the deformation of the material due to heating. So that the pipe does not get a saber shape, when soldering, it is necessary to fix it into movable supports and ensure the lumen between the wall and the ends of the pipe.
The easiest independent installation will be using metal-plastic or polyethylene pipes. The price will be higher than that of the PPR pipes. However, the novice will be quite simple to make joints on these materials. Also, such pipes are suitable for bookmarking into a screed or wall, but their joints must be performed on press fittings, the collapsible are not allowed.
Materials of metal plastic and polyethylene are used both with open gasket and closed, as well as when installing warm floors. The lack of rexpipes is that this material is inclined to take initial state. Externally, this element will look slightly wavy. Metal-plastic and re-rt pipes do not have such problems and can be bent under the necessary angle.
Note. At the moment, the composite material is gaining popularity - metalplastic combined into different layers. The metal base is inside, which allows you to save the desired form.
How to make water (steam) heating in a private house
For water heating of a private house, various types of heat generators are suitable: furnaces, boilers (gas, electrical, solid fuel), and can also be used different methods Heating rooms: using batteries or warm floors. You need to stop your choice on the option that will be optimal for your home.
At the moment, the most successful way of heating will be a gas boiler connected to the central gas pipeline.
If for some reason it is impossible to provide access to the gas highway, then an electrocott should be used. The only question is the possibility of payment of non-housing electricity for his work. In addition, a three-phase input will be required in the house to connect an electric boiler with a capacity of more than 4 kW. The device of minor power is not enough for the big house.
If the heating with electricity is also not suitable for you, you can consider as an alternative to a solid fuel boiler or a stove with water contour.
Also, it is possible to damn the house with water with balloon gas or liquid fuel, helix or thermal pumpBut these are quite rare ways.
There are cases when several different heat generators are connected to the home heating system, which work in turn or if necessary.
Selecting a type of water heating that you will spend your own in your home should be made before buying pipes and the necessary equipment. Each of these species has its own characteristics that it is worth considering not to spend money. If you plan to lay metal pipes, then any boiler will suit them. In case you give preference to more common plastic or metal-plastic pipes, you need to know in advance whether they will suit your chosen type of heating system.
Installation of water heating includes the following steps:
Installation of the boiler (or boilers);
Installation of batteries;
Pipe wiring;
Installation of additional equipment;
Summary of elements into a single system - welding (or soldering) fittings, eyeliner.
Let us dwell on each of the stages.
Stage 1. Installation of the boiler
The boiler is installed in such a place in which it will most simply perform the wiring of the pipes around the house with minimal cost. If the boiler is gas or electric, then it is worthwhile to take the place of supplying a gas pipeline or wiring to the house.
If the boiler is solid proper or planned a stove with a water circuit, the installation location is chosen based on the possibilities of the smoke pipe device in this place at home.
The height of the boiler is a significant factor only when planning the natural circulation of the coolant. In this case, you need to put input in the boiler as low as possible. A solid fuel boiler is ideally installed in the basement or basement of the house. In the case of furnace water heating, you need to place a fuel cell with a heat exchanger at the lowest altitude as possible, as far as the furnace design allows.
Stage 2. Installation of radiators
Usually batteries are installed under the windows or near the entrance to the house. Depending on the type of radiator, the attachments are chosen to it. The heavier battery, the more reliable should be installation.
The battery location is strictly horizontal, the minimum indent from the floor is 60 mm, from the windowsill - 100 mm. It is desirable to equip each radiator with shut-off reinforcement, an automatic air valve and a regulator. The shut-off valve (crane) is needed to shut down if necessary, the battery from the overall heating system. The air valve will be required to descend air from the radiator - both when the system is started and during its operation.
Stage 3. Pipe wiring and installation of additional equipment
Before performing a wiring, a mounting scheme is compiled. For it, fittings are applied suitable for a specific type of pipes.
The wiring is open - the pipes are in sight, and the hidden - the pipes are cleaned into the shoes in the wall or in the floor and close up with plaster or putty.
Stage 4. Welding of polypropylene pipes
When soldering the PPR pipes on the junction should form a side. Be sure to need a uniform passage throughout the pipe diameter.
To make invisible traces of linear extensions, use a compensator, which is mounted in an invisible place.
The heating of the jacket element by the soldering iron lasts not more than 5 seconds at a temperature of 270 degrees Celsius.
After docking the part, it is necessary to keep some time in a certain position (as stated in the welding instructions).
Depending on the heating, the coupling is shifted to the side, which leads to the formation of a special trace. Elements must be pressing each other.
The soldering iron has two nozzles intended for different sides.
If the welding is produced on the details of a large diameter, then the heating time can be significantly increased. However, it is important to remember that the long heating of parts is contraindicated, as combustion may occur (is determined by a brown shade). In addition, it is possible to overlap the internal section.
Together with pipe wiring, the radiators are connected and the installation of additional equipment for the heating system. For closed systems with forced circulation, such equipment will be a circulation pump, a hydroaccumulating tank, filters, a security unit. For open systems with natural circulation - an expansion tank (mounted in the highest point). If an open system has a forced circulation, the expansion tank is set to the pump and set as above - on the attic or under the ceiling.
How to make electric heating in a private house
Electro-removal happens different types Depending on the devices used in them. Such devices are:
Electroconvectors;
Oil radiators;
Fan heaters;
Infrared heaters;
Warm floors (based on electricity);
Electrocotels.
For self-installation in your own house, any of the above-mentioned equipment is suitable. Some of these devices need only in connecting to the power supply and isolating their own automaton in the shield. More serious costs require, for example, warm floors or electric flocity, but also such work is quite bye.
Water electrical installation of a private house
For the device in the house of this type of heating it is necessary to spend water heating And mount the electrocotel. It can be a penny, induction or electrode. Pluses of heating using electricity in the fact that heating devices are not required in each room at home. Electric concrete mounted in a convenient place of pipes, and pipes and battery are breeding into each room.
If the house originally has a water heating system, then it is enough to buy and connect an electrocotel to it. It is possible to parallel working together with the previous heating source or instead. Small re-equipment of the entire system - and everything is ready.
The disadvantages of such a system for a private house will be the presence of water that can freeze or flow, and the need to install the pipeline (respectively or batteries, cranes, etc.).
Electric warm floors
This method of heating in a private house is gaining more and more popular. In this embodiment, the direct heating provides an electric cable, which can be removed into the concrete screed or laid below the floor surface.
For self-laying such a heating system requires certain skills and knowledge.
First you need to choose the type of electric heating floor: heating cable, mats, film superfine - each of them has its own features of connection and installation.
Regardless of the type of floor before it is installed, it is necessary to carry out thermal insulation of its base so that the heat from the electric floor itself went up, and not dissipated.
For the regulation of heating from the floor in each room put special thermostators. They can work both automatically and in manual mode.
Usually, the electric warm floor is not mounted in all rooms, but under the tile of the bathroom or toilet or in the kitchen. Also, a rarely, such type of heating is used as the main, it is more often combined with other types of heating systems.
How to make heating in a private house - scheme
The heating systems installed in private houses are single and two-pipe.
One-pipe schemeit implies the connection of radiators to a single collector, simultaneously performing the functions of the return and feed, passing through all the batteries as a closed ring.
In a two-pipe scheme The coolant enters the battery on one pipe, returns on another.
To properly select the heating scheme, it is desirable to contact a specialist. The two-pipe heating circuit is more modern and reliable. Moreover, despite the seeming simplicity and low cost of a single-tube scheme, it can be argued that it is more expensive, and more complex to two-pipe.
Single-tube schemes
Since in this scheme, water, passing from the radiator to the radiator, more and more loses heat, then the power extension is required by adding sections in the battery. In addition, the feed collector must be a larger diameter than the collector in a two-pipe scheme. Also in a single-tube scheme difficult to establish automatic control due to the mutual influence of radiators.
For a treacherous or small house where there will be no more than five batteries, it will be good one-tube horizontal scheme (or, as it is also called, - leningradka). If the radiators are greater than five, the functionality of this scheme will decrease to zero, as the last batteries will be cold.
Another option is to use one-tube vertical risers In a two-story house. This is a relatively common scheme that has proven its effectiveness.
Two-pipe schemes
For two-pipe layout The coolant delivers water to all radiators of the same temperature, which allows not to build up the number of sections. Since the highways are divided into reverse and feed, it is possible to implement automatic batteries using a thermostatic valve.
In such a scheme, the diameter of the pipeline will be less, and the scheme itself is easier. Dual-pipe schemes are the following varieties:
Tupic: The pipeline is divided into branches in which the coolant moves towards each other;
Backway two-pipe system: In it, the reverse collector acts as a feed, and the coolant flows in one direction, making the ring from the scheme;
Collector (radius). This scheme is the most expensive - the pipes from the collector are coming separately to each battery. hidden way - In the floor.
Dual-pipe scheme of an open system.When laying horizontal high-diameter high-diameter triggers under a slope of 3-4 mm per 1 m system, the system may operate. For such a scheme, a circulation pump is not required, it is completely non-volatile. A single-tube, and a two-pipe system can work without a pump, the main thing is that there is an opportunity for natural circulation.
Two-pipe scheme of a closed system. For an open heating system, you need to install an expansion tank at the highest point, which will be communicated with the atmosphere. This solution for samotane networks, it is impossible to do this in a different way. If the expansion capacity of the membrane type (not far from the boiler) is installed on the reverse highway, the system will be closed, functioning under excess pressure. This option is more modern and applied in networks with forced circulation of the coolant.
Council. If you own a small, up to 150 square meters. m, house, then the usual two-pipe scheme with forced circulation of the coolant is perfect for you. The diameters of the main pipeline will not exceed 25 mm, the branches are 20 mm, and the eyeliner is 15 mm.
How to make a wiring of heating in a private house
One-tube heating system
As we talked above, with a single-tube system, a single working pipe is used, flashed on the heating boiler. Since the last battery in the cycle will heat up worse, then this problem must be solved. There are several outlets.
Go by increasing sections in the last radiators by increasing the area of \u200b\u200bheat transfer.
Mount the rooms adjustable radiators. Such batteries have an adjusting device - a thermostatic valve (balancing valve, etc.). With their assistance, regulation of the coolant was regulated in the first cycle batteries. When decreasing in them, the flow increases in the remaining radiators.
Put the circulating pump that will give a small pressure in the system. In this way, the balance of the coolant in each battery will be achieved.
Many professionals consider the last option to be the most optimal, but it is not devoid of a shortage. The circulation pump will work from electricity, in such a way to increase the cost of operation of the heating system and making it dependent on the supply of electricity.
Horizontal single-pipe system (Leningradka)
This heating system has a fairly simple design with a single feature in the form of laying the pipe: in the horizontal system, the pipe is mounted with a slope towards the movement of the coolant. In this case, the batteries themselves are set to one level and strictly horizontally.
As a rule, the pipeline in this system is placed inside the floor or at its level. If the pipe is laid in the first way, its heat and waterproofing is necessary.
If this option is provided for a house in two or more floors, then hot water adjustment will be provided by the valve mounted at the input to the first floor battery. Cutting this valve, you can increase the pressure in the riser, which serves the coolant to the upper floors. Thus, it is possible to increase the amount of heat carrier in the batteries of other floors by increasing heat transfer in them.
Vertical single-pipe system
It cannot be said that such a system will be different difficulty or efficiency. This heating scheme perfectly copes with its functions without using the circulation pump. But when laying such a system, the vertical of the risers should be taken into account. In order for the effectiveness of this scheme is not lost, it is necessary to apply the pipes of a larger diameter than in the case of a horizontal system. At the same time, initial costs will grow. In addition, it is necessary to ensure the exact slope of the upper horizontal pipe, according to which the coolant goes into the risers. If it is not done, the performance of the entire system will be disturbed.
Also, this system has not the most aesthetic appearance, it is quite difficult to hide, and therefore, work on camouflage of this scheme will cost more.
Two-pipe heating system
The device of such a heating system in his house will require large amounts of materials and installation. Accordingly, the cost of the system will be higher. However, the two-pipe system pays off well, as it makes it possible to effectively and evenly supply heat into all rooms at home. If you select this option, you can adjust heat in each battery, for which you need to install shut-off valves.
For the trouble-free functioning of this system, you must be installed on the upper radiators, running taps. This is especially important if the natural circulation of the coolant is implemented.
Also, the effectiveness of the two-pipe system depends on the method of connecting batteries - side, diagonal or lower. Currently, all listed methods are applied, however, a diagonal is considered to be more correct. It provides maximum heat transfer.
How much does it cost to do heating in a private house
The device in the house of the heating system - the occupation is not easy, since heating is a complex engineering system. Its cost will be folded from two parameters:
The cost of the selected equipment: boiler, batteries;
Prices of consumables and installation work.
Also, to calculate the cost of the heating system, you must consider the following:
Type of house;
Its area;
Windows - how much and what size;
Battery type;
Type of boiler.
Holding the cost of heating, you need to take into account not only the price of the boiler, but also the price of the fuel that the boiler consumes. Thus, electric boilers have one of the lowest prices, however the costs and cost of electricity for the operation of such a boiler make the electric heating system the most expensive. The inverse situation with gas boilers - with the highest cost of the boiler itself and its installation, the costs and cost of gas make such a system quite attractive from the point of view of payback.
Another factor affecting the cost of the heating system is the readiness of the house. If the installation of heating is carried out during construction, it greatly simplifies the process and allows you to apply the most effective solutions For mounting the heating system. At this stage, the easiest way to calculate the cost of heating and make a project of the heating system, as you can take into account all technical nuances At home, all requirements for the system are from boiler house to warm floors (the presence of a boiler room is necessary when using floor boilers).
At the end stage of the house it is easy to consider the possibility of integration with other engineering systems, such as ventilation. The installation of heated supply and exhaust ventilation allows you to consume less electricity, as the dependence of the microclimate from air conditioning systems is reduced. Also, the development of a project of the heating system at the stage of construction of the house allows you to optimally install the necessary equipment, especially hidden, which will continue not to spend money on the repair of finished premises.
If you calculate the cost of the heating system for the finished house, which is already operated, then it is necessary to understand that the amount on the calculator may differ from the real costs. To install the necessary equipment, the walls of the walls may be required, drilling holes, etc. It is not always possible to make a hidden installation of pipes or other elements of the heating system. After the fulfillment of all works, it is also very high enough to carry out both the repair in the premises. Thus, when calculating the cost of the heating system, it is worth considering and not related costs directly to it.
Approximate prices for designing home heating
Approximate installation of heating systems when contacting a specialized firm
Installation of wall gas boilers
|
No. p / p |
Name of works |
Power boiler |
Price, rub.) |
|
Installing a wall boiler |
No more than 30 kW |
15 000 |
|
|
More than 30 kW |
20 000 |
||
|
No more than 30 kW |
20 000 |
||
|
25 000 |
|||
|
More than 50 kW |
35 000 |
||
|
Installing a boiler with built-in tank |
5 000 |
||
|
10 000 |
Installation of floor gas boilers
|
No. p / p |
Name of works |
Power boiler |
Price, rub.) |
|
Installing the boiler |
No more than 30 kW |
25 000 |
|
|
35 000 |
|||
|
71-100 kW |
40 000 |
||
|
101-150 kW |
45 000 |
||
|
151-200 kW |
50 000 |
||
|
201-300 kW |
55 000 |
||
|
301-400 kW |
60 000 |
||
|
401-500 kW |
70 000 |
||
|
Installing a condensation boiler |
5 000 |
||
|
Connecting the DHW line to the heating boiler |
10 000 |
Installation of heating radiators
|
Name of works |
unit of measurement |
Price, rub.) |
|
|
Installation of radiators with installation of shut-off valves |
1500 |
||
|
Installation of intraole convectors with installation of shut-off valves |
2500 |
Installation of heating pipes
|
Name of works |
unit of measurement |
Price, rub.) |
|
|
Gasket, placement, fixation of polyethylene pipes with a diameter of 16-50 mm |
raman meter |
150–400 |
|
|
Gasket, placement, fixation of polypropylene pipes with a diameter of 20-50 mm |
raman meter |
150–350 |
|
|
Gasket, placement, fixation of metal-plastic pipes with a diameter of 25-50 mm |
raman meter |
250–400 |
|
|
Gasket, placement, fixation of steel pipes with a diameter of 20-50 mm |
raman meter |
250–450 |
|
|
Gasket, placement, fixation of copper pipes with a diameter of 15-42 mm |
raman meter |
100–400 |
|
|
Tube heat insulation device Inner diameter 18-40 mm |
raman meter |
20–40 |
What you need to remember if you decide to independently spend the heating system in own house? Regardless of the selection of the heating scheme in the house, the quality will be determined not only by the installation, but also selected pipes and equipment. Only proven and qualitative materials In proven suppliers. Santekhstandard has been successfully selling the necessary equipment for mounting the heating system in a private house. Materials and equipment offered by the company are approved by the company's experts and certified by the GOST R. system
In the catalog of Santekhstarkard, you will find everything you need for a device of heating system in your home: from metal-plastic and PPR pipes of the necessary diameters to circulation pumps, batteries, fittings and soldering equipment.
Choosing the company "Santehehstandart" as a supplier of equipment for the heating system of your home, you may not worry about the quality and compatibility of the purchased materials.
St. Petersburg
ul. Sofia, d. 72
The problem of organizing the heating system own house - one of the key during the construction, reconstruction, overhaul etc . Even when buying a finished country building, this question should be given close attention. And for this, it is mandatory to have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe existing types of heating systems, about their advantages and disadvantages, on the operational features.
From all types of heating, water leader remains water - with pipes carrying a preheated liquid coolant from the boiler to radiators, convectors or heat-mall circuits. Despite the bulky of such a system, the scale of work in the creation, the real alternative, if evaluating the joint criteria "pricing accessibility - efficiency - efficiency", not yet. Well, among all water systems, the most simple is one-tube. As planned and mounted, a single-tube system of heating a private house with their own hands - will be considered in this publication.
What distinguishes a single-tube heating system
The main feature of a single-tube heating system is probably immediately understandable from the very name.
The circulation of the coolant here is organized along one trunk tube, which forms a ring, starting and ending in the heating boiler. All heating radiators are connected to this pipe or in parallel.
To distinguish an externally single-tube and two-pipe system is completely simple, even just looking at the heating radiator.
Despite the difference in the connection of radiators - all this is a single tube system
Despite the variety of battery connection options, presented in the figure, all this refers to a single-pipe wiring. Options "A" and "B" shows the sequential placement of radiators - the pipe is like passing through them. In the options "B" and "g" batteries are delivered parallel to the pipe. But in any case, the entrance and exit from any radiator are "based on" to one common highway.
For clarity, it is easier to figure out, we give a two-pipe layout scheme:
Always, with any diagram of the battery, the entrance to it comes from the feeding line, and the output closes to the "Furniture" pipe.
Read more about what is, read in the special article of our portal.
Even inexpirable in matters of creating the heating system is likely to immediately become the main drawback of a single-tube scheme. Heated in the boiler coolant, passing consistently through the radiators, cools, and in each subsequent battery its temperature is lower. This difference will be especially noticeable, if you compare the first point of heat exchange, located closest to the boiler room, with the mostst chain.
There are certain methods that allow to determine this drawback to a certain extent - they will be described below.
Advantages of a single-tube system
Be that as it may, the single-tube scheme of the heating system enjoys widely popular, which is due to its advantages:
- Such a layout requires a minimum amount of material - (you can safely talk about 30-40% of savings on the pipes).
- Based on the first point - significantly less scale of the ongoing installation works.
- The wiring scheme is not relieved, and therefore most owners who have certain skills in plumbing work will be able to cope with the task of self-installation.
- A single-tube system is extremely reliable - once correctly mounted and debugged, it will not require interference in their work for many years. It does not require any complex adjustment nodes or equipment.
- Such a system is quite universal, and if you wish, it can be installed both in a single-storey building and on several levels, naturally, slightly changing the required snap and adapting the connection scheme.
One pipe passes along the floor surface - it is not too striking in the eye and it is easy to decorate
- The trunk tube always passes along the floor (except options with risers that will be discussed below). Such a location makes it possible without special costs to reorganize the pipe, for example, closing it, after the corresponding thermal insulation, the finishing floor-coating. And, in the end, one low-locked pipe is not as striking, and hid it always easier than two.
Disadvantages of a single-tube heating scheme
Single-tube heating systems were actively used on an industrial scale, with the erection of residential and public buildings. Builders, for sure, fully satisfied the simplicity of installation and economy in terms of consumption of materials, so the shortcomings of the system went into the background. But with the private construction of "minuses" of a single-tube system and know, and it will have to take into account, since they are essential enough.
- The main thing was already mentioned - in the most simplified form of the wiring it is impossible to achieve equality of temperature of the coolant in all batteries of the contour. It is possible to gradually increase the number of sections from the room to the room as it removes from the boiler to achieve equal movement by increasing the area of \u200b\u200bactive heat exchange. But at the same time, it is clear, it will be difficult to talk about savings on materials - radiators can cost much more than pipes.
There are other ways to level the temperature - the conversation will go about them below.
- If a heating system is planned with natural circulation, then it is possible to face difficulties in compliance with the compulsory required slope of pipes. With a single-tube system, the highway is located along the floor, and if the room is quite spacious, or the perimeter of health has a greater length, then it is simply impossible to cope with such a task.
Conclusion - a single-tube system with natural circulation is suitable only for compact buildings. Otherwise, the installation of the circulation pump will become mandatory. However, install the pump now with dishwashed at any opportunity, and many modern heating boilers already have a built-in circulation node.
- The one-tube system completely eliminates the insertion into it, in addition to heating radiators, the contours of the warm floors. If in the perspective of the hosts suggest in any out of the premises to organize water heating of the floor, then it is better to immediately mount a two-pipe system.
Read more about - in the special article of our portal:
Schedule schemes of a single-tube heating system
The overall circuit of the single-tube system is most often located along the external walls of the premises of the house and runs parallel to the floor (or with the necessary slope). But the inclusion scheme in this circuit of heating radiators may vary. Consider possible options - from the easiest to more complex and efficient.
Since the schematic diagram of pipe wiring and a common snap does not change, the total numbering of nodes will be saved from the figure to the figure, indicating only newly emerging elements.
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The simplest schemes
BUT. The simplest layout of one-pipe systems:
The numbers in the diagram are shown:
1- heating boiler. From the boiler up goes the main feed pipe (pos. 2). The scheme presents a single-pipe system of open-type heating system, so the expansion tank (pos. 3) is mounted at the highest point. 3
If the system works on the principle of natural circulation, the starting section is required for a single-tube wiring - the so-called "accelerated collector" (pos. 4). It does not allow stagnation of the coolant in the system and give an additional impulse of the circulation of fluid on pipes. The height of this acceleration collector over the first radiator (H 1) is at least one and a half meters.
Heating radiators themselves (pos. 5) The simplest scheme is set sequentially with the lower input and exit connection from the opposite sides. It is clear that when laying a pipe to ensure natural circulation, a bias is observed (it is shown by brown arrows). Therefore, the exceeding the last radiator in the chain over the heating boiler should be respected (H 2). The more this value, the better, so the boilers are often placed in the basements or make an artificial blend of the floor at the installation site of the device. The maximum allowable value of H 2 - 3 meters.
To avoid all these difficulties, optimal decision will be installed pump assembly (pos. 6). It turns on the pump itself (pos. 7), the bypass (jumper) and the crane system (pos. 8) which allow you to switch with forced circulation to natural (for example, if in the area of \u200b\u200bthe power supply interruptions does not are rare).
Another point must be provided - the possibility of the release of air traffic jams that can be accumulated at the upper point of radiators. To do this, on batteries place air roads (pos. 9).
Left - Crane Maevsky. Right - automatic air vent
They can be cranes by Maevsky, which are periodically unscrewed for air output. More expensive option - automatic air roadswho do not require human intervention.
Such a diagram of connecting radiators is the most primitive, as all the disadvantages of a single-tube system differ to the maximum extent. Recent radiators in the circuit will always be much colder than first.
B.In the following scheme, only one improvement is provided - the radiators are connected diagonally (shown by purple arrows).
Such passage of the coolant through the battery contributes to the maximum return of thermal energy and more uniform warming of all sections. But the temperature difference in the first and last radiator will obviously be even higher. In addition, such a circuit of batteries significantly reduces the possibilities of natural circulation of the coolant, and with a long total circuit, it will not be possible to do, it will not be possible to do without a circulation unit.
IN. For such a wiring, an open or closed type system with forced circulation is suitable. The scheme below shows an option with a hermetic expansion tank.
The pump in this case is embedded directly into the main pipe (although the indicated scheme of its strapping can also be preserved). The main difference is an expansion tank of a membrane type (pos. 10), which is usually installed on the "return" near the boiler (regulators are not here - the place is optimal in terms of layout and convenience of operation). And the second mandatory element - a "security group" (pos. 11), consisting of a safety valve calculated for a certain value of the limit pressure in the system, automatic air road and the device of visual control - pressure gauge.
Collected in one case "Security Group"
In the future, when considering schemes, only a closed system with forced circulation will be shown. This is done only in order not to overload patterns with lines. But in general, in front of the home owner, the choice remains the same - a closed or open expansion tank, and the circulation is natural, forced or combined.
All three above schemes have one common important drawback. It lies in the fact that upon failure and emergency dismantling of any of the radiators, the system becomes temporarily fully inoperable, as the contour is broken.
Therefore, if a decision has already been made to mount a single-tube heating system, then the optimal choice will be the "Leningrad", which allows you to get away from many characteristic flaws and gives more opportunities in terms of adjustments.
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Upgraded version of a single-tube heating system - "Leningrad"
Where it comes from this established name, "Leningradka" is unknown. Perhaps it is in Northern capital Specialists of the Research Institute developed a technical regulation of a similar heating system. It is possible that at the beginning of large-scale residential construction in the country, some Leningrad construction organizations were the first to put such a scheme "on the flow". Be that as it may, it was the "Leningrad", it was designed for mass construction, both low-rise and high, and its design, with economical in terms of consumption of materials and when installing installation, it allows you to effectively use it thermal energy In large over the length of the contours of heating.
The main difference between "Leningrad" - the input and exit on each of the radiators are connected by a jumper - bypass. Or another option - from the trunk tube there are taps for the entrance and the output of each battery.
The schematic diagram of "Leningradka" is shown in Figure:
Basic scheme of a single-tube system - "Leningradski"
The presence of bypass (pos. 12) allows you to more evenly distribute heat through radiators, in the extraly remote from the heating boiler. Even if, through any battery, the coolant current will be interrupted (for example, a blockage occurred or an air traffic jam), the system will still be operational.
On the presented scheme, the simplest version of "Leningradski" is shown, without equipping, whatever the adjusting devices. It was often used earlier, and experienced masters already knew what approximately the bypass diameter is required on a particular battery in order to maximize the temperature at all points. So, a completely minor increase in the number of pipes allows to reduce the total number of battery sections in remote from boiler room.
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The same option, but with a diagonal inserting battery, which improves their general heat transfer:
But that's not all. First, it is very difficult to calculate the diameter of the jumper for each battery. And secondly, such a scheme does not yet provide for the possibility of dismantling any separate radiator without a violation of the closetness of a common circuit. Therefore, it is best to use the upgraded modification of "Leningradski":
Modernized scheme - with cranes and adjustment valves
In this embodiment, each radiator on both sides is surrounded by cranes (pos. 13). At any time, you can cut off the battery from the total pipe - for example, when the room for some reason does not temporarily need heating, or in case of the need to dismantle for repair or replacement. The operation of the system at the same time will not break.
These cranes, by and large, can also be used to adjust the heating of a particular radiator, increasing or reducing the current of the coolant.
But the ball cranes will be wiser here, which are designed mainly to work in two positions - "open" or "closed". And to adjust the needle balancing valve, mounted on the bypass (pos. 14).
The same scheme - with a diagonal connection:
But this connection is in the photo:
The radiator is connected to "Leningradka"
- Blue arrows - shut-off ball valves at the inlet and at the outlet of the radiator.
- Green arrow - balancing valve.
A similar upgraded system of "Leningradski" makes it possible, if necessary, to mount the system is not a single slotted circuit, but with the dedicated areas - branches. For example, you can organize a wiring in a two-story building, or in a house that has "wings" or lateral extensions.
"Leningradka" with an additional branched contour
In this case, a tank is made from the trunk tube (pos. 16), which comes on an additional heating circuit, and the insertion into the inverse tube (pos. 17). And on the "return" of an additional contour (pos. 15) it is advisable to install another needle adjustment valve (pos. 18), with which you can achieve a balance of collaboration of both branches.
For two-storey house Another option is possible. If the layout of the premises in general terms coincides, it will be rational to apply the system of vertical risers.
19 - Inter-storey overlap.
20 - Pipe feed from the boiler.
21 - Pipe "Furning".
22 - risers in which radiators are included in the Leningradka scheme with adjustable bypass.
Here, however, there is one interesting point. Each stock itself is organized on the principle of a single-pipe system (highlighted in green). But if we consider the system in aggregate, then the risers are already included in the two-pipe system - each of them is connected in parallel to the feed pipe and to the reverse (highlighted brown). Thus, there is a harmonious combination of the advantages of both systems.
Video: Heating system "Leningradka"
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Planning the heating system
When conducting preliminary planning Any heating system must be taken into account quite a few nuances, directly affecting its effectiveness. It is very important to correctly determine the choice of the main elements - boiler, radiators, pipes for creating contours, expansion tank, circulation pump. Ideally, such a calculation must be instructed to specialists. But to know the foundations and be able to navigate in such matters - will never be superfluous.
What is the boiler?
The main requirement for the boiler: its thermal power should fully ensure the effectiveness of the heating system - maintain the desired temperature in all heated rooms and completely replenish the inevitable heat loss.
This publication will not stop on the varieties of heating boilers. Each homeowner takes an individual solution - based on the availability and cost of energy carriers, the presence or absence of equipment of boiler room, fuel storage, given its financial opportunities for the acquisition of a particular equipment.
But now the power of the boiler is the general parameter, without which it is impossible to create a rational and efficient heating system.
You can find a lot of recommendations on the simplest independent calculation of the required power. As a rule, it is recommended to proceed from the ratio of 100 W per 1 m² of the area of \u200b\u200bthe house. However, such an approach gives only an approximate value. Agree that there is no difference in the climatic conditions of the region, nor the features of the premises. Therefore, we propose to use a more accurate methodology.
To begin with, make a small table in which you specify all the rooms of your home and their parameters. Surely, each host has a building plan, and, knowing the features of "possessions", to fill this table, he will spend quite a bit of time. An example is below:
| room | area, square. M. | outdoor or balcony door | outer walls, the number where they look | windows, quantity and type | size windows | required for heating, kW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TOTAL: | 18.7 kW | |||||
| parishion | 6 | 1 | 1, C. | - | - | 2.01 |
| kitchen | 11 | - | 1, B. | 2, double double glazing | 120 × 90 cm | 1.44 |
| living room | 18 | 1 | 2, Yu.Z. | 2, double double glazing | 150 × 100 cm | 3.35 |
| sleeping | 12 | - | 1, B. | 1, double double glazing | 120 × 90 cm | 1.4 |
| children's | 14 | - | 1, Z. | 1, double double glazing | 120 × 90 cm | 1.49 |
| so on in all rooms | … |
Now that the data is prepared, go to the calculator placed below, and calculate the need for thermal energy for each room with a record in the table - it is very simple. It will then remain only to sum up all values.
Calculator calculating required thermal power
No matter how well the house was insulated, in our climatic conditions without artificial heating can not do. After all, in any case, in winter there will be a heat loss, and they need to be filled. The inhabitants of apartment buildings are particularly nothing to choose, there the heating usually "goes in the kit" and little can be changed. But in the private sector, the problem of designing and implementing the heating system is assigned to a homeowner. It is the owner who will deal with its management and service. On the one hand, this is burden: even if experts are invited, it will have to be understood how to spend heating in a private house, as the system is completed and functions. But it is also obvious that there is a huge plus, because the developer itself chooses the most acceptable option for its conditions: type of fuel, a heating device, a layout method.
Principle of operation of the water heating system
There are systems where air acts as a coolant, or its immediate heating is made directly in the rooms. We will talk about the structures in which the liquid coolant is used (most often water), since the overwhelming majority of our compatriots prefer themselves. The principle of operation is quite simple: the boiler heats the water, water moves along a closed contour from the pipes, through the surface of the radiators it gives the heat energy in the rooms, the water cools and gets into the boiler - the cycle is repeated repeated repeated.
Structure of water heating
All liquid heating systems have a similar set of elements:
Characterization character of coolant
The liquid in the heating system can circulate naturally, or forcibly. Both ways have their advantages and disadvantages, their choice significantly affects the functionality of the system:
- Forced circulation is carried out by an electric pump, which is mounted on the pipe or feed pipe. Increased pressure in a closed system allows you to qualitatively pull large houses, including several levels, while the temperature will be very easy to adjust.
- Natural circulation (gravitational system) occurs due to the fact that the heated and cooled water differs in density. These are open systems with normal pressure, there are no devices dependent on electricity. This option is good, if the power supply in the village is unstable or missing.
Gravitational systems are often complemented by a circulating pump connected via bypass (parallel). So get an effective universal heating, which in case of de-energization of the cottage will also work
Features of the installation of heating in a private house
So how to spend heating in the house is always not easy, it is impossible to start without design. Schemes and plans on paper are only the visible part of the iceberg, tangible output of the engineer. In order for heating to be effective, it is necessary to accurately determine the amount of heat that the house will lose in the winter. Then the draft versions of the system are being developed and hydraulic calculations are made that will help to choose the right equipment, select the pipe cross section and the distribution method. Naturally, experts should be puzzled by such problems, the developer can at this time to do other issues, for example, to obtain permits for inserts to the gas highway.
Competent calculation will help rationally distribute the thermal capacity of the boiler throughout the rooms. Indicators of local hydraulic resistances and coolant consumption are always taken into account
What you need to connect the gas boiler
The required power of the heating device is determined at the design stage. The boiler must provide enough heat to compensate for its loss through the enclosing structures. You can navigate the figure of 1 kW of power for every ten square meters of the building area in climate middle strip RF. Of course, we are talking about a house with good thermal insulation.
Note! Boilers can provide not only room heating, but also give hot water for household needs. There are two ways to solve: buy a double-circuit device, or to install a single-circuit boiler cumulative Buck indirect heating.
The tank of indirect heating has no shades, the water temperature increases due to the heat exchanger coil, connected to heating.
In private houses for heating devices, if necessary, equip a separate room - boiler room, where, in addition to the heat generator, also have auxiliary elements. Especially relevant this may be if the heating configuration assumes the presence of a floor boiler, which is for normal circulation, in the gravitational system when locating on the first floor should be installed in the pit. Note that modern wall models are compact and beautiful, they can be installed in any room, for example, in the kitchen.
To connect the gas boiler, it is necessary to take care of the delivery of electrical power and water pipes to it (cold feed, outgoing DHW branch). Naturally, somewhere near the gas pipe with a crane at the exit. As for the chimney, it is not necessary to keep the pipe through the roof overlap, for the turbocharged gas boilers, you can apply a coaxial chimney passing through the outer wall.
Note! In the room where the boiler is located, it is necessary to install a gas leakage sensor.
How the pipelines are mounted
Pipes connect radiators with boilers, as a rule, we can observe a kind of tree, where the main circuit, as a trunk, is made by a large diameter, and thinner pipes are departed to radiators. In complex systems, pipes 3-4 different diameters can be used, which allows the coolant in the optimal amount to supply the coolant into different sections of the system, while saving on materials immediately and on energy - during operation.
This scheme shows the gradation of diameters distributed for private houses.
Selection of materials for heating pipes
Metal pipelines are good with their strength and stability of linear dimensions when heated. The usual steel has been rarely used lately, so it is too much subject to corrosion destruction, and deposits will quickly accumulate in such pipes. Stainless steel and copper is an order of magnitude practical, but developers quite explain the high cost of materials, as well as the complex technology of assembling such pipelines.
Polymer pipes are much easier to install, in many respects because of this, polypropylene became especially popular, which was learned to solder almost all the home masters. Stitched polyethylene pipes are assembled on press fittings, for this it is necessary to have special expensive equipment, but it can be hired - the technology itself is not complicated. According to physical properties, something average between metal and polymer samples is a metal-plastic pipe that is assembled on threaded fittings.
Plastic pipes are cheaper than metal, they are more durable and have less hydraulic resistance. Among the shortcomings are a greater temperature expansion of polymers, the danger of mechanical damage.
Note! To create heating systems, it is necessary to use polypropylene pipes with internal reinforcement. This may be an additional foil shell (it is cleaned on the edges before soldering), or the inner layer of fiberglass.
Several ways to spend heating pipes in the cottage
The first thing is to choose - the presence / absence of a separate feed and returns. This principle allocate such types:
- Two-pipe heating has a separate feed and separate return pipeline. Radiators are easily adjusted here and do not depend on each other, the system copes well with its tasks in the house of any area.
- One-tube heating has only one ring (performs functions both reversal and feed). It is somewhat cheaper, but it is advisable to use it only in small houses, where the heating devices are a bit. The main consumer lack of such configurations is the last radiator noticeably colder first.
In two-pipe systems, each radiator is powered by a carrier of approximately one temperature.
The heating pipelines can be guided both by the floor (admit, in the screed or between lags) and in the ceiling area (including in the attic). If the heating is neatly, then the pipes will look good, even if laid open way on the walls.
In private houses, horizontal wiring is almost always implemented. Vertical circuits with upper bottling (feed pipe, leaving the boiler, rises and stretches at the top of the building), where there are risers, can be applied in cottages in several levels, but they require more capital investments.
Heating devices in the system of heating of a private house
By tradition, we use radiators for heat exchange, which, as a rule, are mounted under the windows. Here they interact with cold air descending from window openings, and create a convective movement of air masses.
Depending on the method of strapping, the efficiency of the radiator will change
Than more square The surface of the radiator, the more heat he can give. Gaining a radiator from a different number of sections, we can make a heating device required power. But the productivity of batteries also depends on the material, for example, aluminum and bimetallic models are considered the most productive.
Note! To adjust the heat transfer, radiators are supplied with special devices. They can be managed manually, but there are automatic devices that change the intensity of the duct, responding to the air temperature in the room.
There are several options for strapping radiators. If the side connection is mainly used if you need to spend heating in an apartment with risers, then the diagonal and lower connection is more characteristic of the private sector, where the horizontal distribution of pipelines is common. Diagonal strapping perfectly proven itself with large batteries. Lower - the least effective among other species, but in closed systems With the circulation pump, it works well and, moreover, most convenient for mounting.
Note! If a single-tube heating system is selected, it will be much more efficient and functional if the radiators are connected in parallel with the pipeline. This is the only way to balance the system.
To implement parallel connection, leave a section of the main ring, which will skip the coolant even if the taps on the heating device are completely closed
On how to properly spend heating in a private house, you can talk long, but still a lot important nuances Stay in the shade. Meanwhile, the price of error here is too large, and it simply does not exist. That is why we strongly recommend that the maximum use the help of professionals, especially in terms of design and strapping equipment.
Video: Scheme Heating Private House with your own hands
Those times passed when the only way to heat the private house was a furnace. It is because of the lack of full heating and a hot water water supply, many did not want to live outside the city, moving into comfortable high-rise buildings. But the benefits of civilization got to country houses. Modern technologies And the materials allow you to equip the heating of a private house with your own hands, to longer tolerate deprivation. Now the convenience in the country house will be no worse than urban. There are several ways to make heating in a private house that differ constructive elements and energy. We will tell about them within the framework of this article.
What can be a private home heating system
First of all, the heating systems differ in the type of coolant, which directly and heats the room, giving heat. There are water systems, steam, air, electric and open fire. The latter are realized in fireplaces, Russian furnaces and rubbers. In the rooms where heating is sold in this way, heat is uneven: near the floor the cold air, next to the heat source (furnace) is hot, and the air is cold. Basically small house It is possible to warm up well and oven, but we will not focus on these systems, and let's talk about those who are able to provide a more uniform heating of a large house.
The water heating system is a closed circuit, which circulates hot water. A boiler protrudes as a heating element, the pipes are diverged from it, the radiators are installed in each room through which hot water passes and gives heat. Giving warmth, the water returns to the boiler, where heats up, and the cycle is repeated.
For the water system, the boiler will fit on any accessible fuel. The most common are gas boilers Since they are economical. The device of heating in a private house with natural gas is possible only if the house is supplied with a gas highway. Another disadvantage is that gas boilers require regular maintenance and control by special services. Nevertheless, gas heating is in great demand.
If the area is non-geasy, you can use solid fuel boiler (coal, firewood, pallets). In this case, the heating will be fully autonomous and non-energy from the supply of energy carrier. But for storing solid fuel will have to equip a comfortable and dry storage.
Boilers on liquid fuelFor example, diesel, can also be used for water heating. This method has a number of shortcomings: diesel fuel is very expensive, the heating is not economical, it will take the reservoir to storing the fuel to storing the fuel, which, despite all precautions, is fire hazardous.
Electric boilerconnected to the central power supply will also well perform its functions. But if you have already decided to use electricity as an energy carrier, it is advisable to install electrical radiators in order to directly convert electrical energy into thermal without mediation of water.
Alternative electricity, solar and wind transducers, mini-hydrogenation and other can be used to arrange completely autonomous heating.
The capacity of the boiler is chosen depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe house. Sample characteristics can be viewed in the table.
In the water heating system, both water and antifreeze can be circulated. Also in the system there may be additional elements by adjusting it. The expansion tank is used to collect extra liquid, thermostat is necessary to control the temperature before each radiator, the circulation pump for the forced movement of water is not always used, as well as automatic air vent, shut-off and safety valves.
If you are interested, how much is the heating of a private house, then you can calculate it yourself. First you need to decide on the type of energy. We will look at the option with a gas boiler. So, we need to purchase boilers, pipes, radiators for each room, expansion tank, cranes, fittings, all the necessary related materials. But before the purchase of a private house, in which the location of the boiler and radiators, the length of the pipeline and the other will be accurately indicated. Project works "fall into a penny", permits, coordination, plus also installation. As a result, heating in a private house will cost about 9000 - 11000 USD.
The cost of equipment for the heating system will largely depend on the materials. For example, radiators are cast iron, steel, Aluminum, stainless steel. The cheapest cast iron, they are the hardest and short-lived. From stainless steel, the most expensive, few can afford to install them all over the house. Pipes for laying the heating pipeline are also from different materials: steel (stainless steel, galvanized steel), copper, polymer(metal-plastic, polypropylene, polyethylene). Copper pipes are considered the most reliable, as they are withstanding large temperature differences, and the connection is soldered with a silver solder. Polymer pipes, though simple in montage and are not afraid of corrosion, but have a significant drawback - they are afraid of temperature drops and lose their strength if they bend them. Steel pipes have recently applied quite rarely, although stainless and galvanized are not afraid of corrosion, durable and firmly connected.
The cost of materials and work on the installation of heating in a private house also affects the type of water heating system, which can be a single-tube, two-pipe and collector. We will tell about it just below.
The heating system has several drawbacks: complex and time-consuming installation, regular prevention of the system and checking the boiler, but it is very popular in country residents in comparison with other systems.
Steam heating of a private house
The steam heating system is implemented for this principle: the boiler heats the water under pressure to the boiling state, the obtained pair of highway goes into radiators, where it is heated, condensed back into the water and returns back to the boiler. Air from the system is squeezed with hot steam. On the principle of returning condensate in the boiler, two types of systems are distinguished: open (open) and closed (closed). In open systems there is a tank in which condensate accumulates, and then enters the boiler. In closed systems, condensate returned to the boiler on a wide pipe.
Important! Steam heating is not used in private residential buildings. "Vapor" mistakenly called "water" heating. In fact, the steam heating boiler is a huge unit, the size of the room, it is very complicated in operation, and is also dangerous. Such heating is used only in enterprises, where steam is needed for production needs. Even in this case, the heat transfer elements are carefully isolated from humans, since the temperature of the steam 115 ° C.
The airing system of heating can be equipped in the house only at the construction stage, in the finished residential building it is impossible.
The principle of operation of this system is as follows: the heat generator heats the air, which then rises through the air ducts into the room and goes under the ceiling with such a calculation to displace cold air accumulated next to the window or door. Cold air is supplanted into air ducts leading to the heat generator. This is the circulation, which can be gravitational or forced.
Gravitational circulation It occurs due to the difference in temperatures when the volume of warm air is large enough, it displaces the cold in the direction of the air ducts. The disadvantage of this method is that when open windows or doors, the circulation is broken.
For Forced circulationa fan is used to increase air pressure.
The figure shows the heating of a private two-story house with air.
In the heat generator can burn natural gas, kerosene or diesel. At the same time, natural gas can be both from the highway and the balloon. Combustion products go into chimney.
To refresh air, clean air is mixed into the system, the fence of which can be carried out outside the room.
Air ducts can be made of metal, plastic or textiles, as well as have a shape round or rectangular. According to the structure, the air ducts are tough and flexible. The air ducts are necessary to heat up to the outer walls or unheated premises. In order to correctly calculate how the air heating system should be located, what should be the size of the air ducts, what is the network topology, should be referred to specialists. The arrangement of a similar system for a two-story house can do in 11,000 cu.
Electrical heating of a private house
Heating at home with electricity can be implemented in several ways: with electroconvectors, warm floor systems, infrared long-wave heaters (ceiling).
Heating at home with electricity will not call economical. Sometimes even equip the water heating system and connect it to a boiler running on electricity. This method has a significant drawback: large costs of electricity and heat loss. Therefore, the electric boiler is advised to establish as a spare in addition to the gas (provided that the gas highway is available).
But if there is no other available energy carrier, you have to use what is. Then it will be more economical and more expedient to use a boiler, but immediately electroconvectors.
To calculate the number of necessary devices, you should know the volume of the room and the degree of heat insulation. For example, for heating at home 100 m2, with a ceiling height of 3 m, the volume is obtained 300 m3 if the room is a poorly-insulated, its heating need is 40 W / m3. Total, multiply the volume of the room for the need, we get 12000 W. Such a need can be satisfied by installing 4 convector of 2.5 kW of power each and 1 convector - 2 kW. The cost of equipment is approximately 1300 - 1500 cu It is significantly less than the arrangement of water heating with a gas boiler, but it is much less economical when paying the energy carrier.
The disadvantage of the use of electrocontstracts is uneven storage heating: it is cold near the floor, and hot air accumulates near the ceiling. To evenly warm the room, you can additionally install the "warm floor" system.
Scheme of the heating system of a private house with a liquid heat carrier
Water heating system can be single-mounted or double-circuit. Single-mounted is used only for heating, and dual-kinning for heating and heating of water for household needs. In practice, two single-circuit systems are most often installed in private homes: one is purely for water heating, the second - for heating. It is also convenient than the fact that the second boiler does not work in the urgent season.
According to the principle of water movement in the system, the system is distinguished by a single-tube, two-pipe and collector system.
One-tube water heating system
IN one-pipe system Water passes sequentially from one radiator to another. In this case, in each subsequent radiator, the temperature of the coolant will be all lower and lower. In the latter, it may not be sufficient to heat the room. This system is practically not adjustable, since, breaking access to one radiator, the water access to all the rest will turn out. Also, if one radiator failed, you will have to completely disable the system, burst water and only then change it to a new or repair.
Two-pipe water heating system
The two-pipe system is able to warm up the house better, as two pipes are suitable for each radiator: one - with hot water, through the other - the cooled water goes. In this case, the pipe with hot water is connected to all radiators in parallel. If you set the cranes before each radiator, you can turn off any radiator from the system. In the last radiator, to which the pipe with hot water is suitable, the temperature will be less than in the first, but the losses will be insignificant compared to a single-tube system.
Collective water heating system
The collector system implies that the pipes are running out of the collector to each radiator separately: one - with hot water, the cooled water is returned. This system allows you to adjust the temperature in any room, and it is also easy to replace or repair any section of the system without disconnecting the heating. The collector system is the most progressive. Its only its disadvantage: additional installation of the collector cabinet and the high consumption of pipes.
Installation of a private house heating system
First of all, it should be declared which heating system is better to do in a specific house. The most optimal solution will be to establish the system, the energy carrier for which is more accessible and economical, the economical heating of a private house for many is very important. For example, if gas is connected to the house, you can install water system Heating with two boilers: one - gas (main), the second - electric (spare) or solid fuel so that in the case of force-magazine to be completely non-volatile.
At the next stage, you should contact the design bureau where the relevant calculations will be made, they will make design documentation and drawings of the private house. Only then you can acquire the necessary equipment and materials.
The first thing is the heating boiler. For any boilers, where there will be combustion products, in addition to electrical, it is necessary to equip the boiler room. It is a separate room, or a room in the basement, in which good ventilation is made. The boiler is installed at a distance from the walls to provide free access. The floor and walls around the boiler are facing refractory material. From the boiler to the street remove chimney.
Further installation of heating in a private house is to install the circulating pump (if necessary), the distribution manifold (if provided by the system), measuring and regulating devices near the boiler.
Only then from the boiler lead pipelines to the installation places of radiators. To spend pipes through the walls, you will have to do holes in them, which after the pipes are extended, you need to smear cement mortar. The connection of pipes is made based on the material of their manufacture.
Lastly, the radiators are mounted. They are installed on the brackets necessarily under the window opening. If the size of the radiator is not enough to close the opening, you should install two radiator or to build a section, if possible. The distance from the floor should be 10 - 12 cm, from the wall 2 - 5 cm, and from the windowsill to the radiator - 10 cm. At the inlet and outlet of the radiator, we set the locking and adjusting accessories and the thermal sensors so that the temperature can be adjusted and overlapping the water movement.
After installing all design elements, the system is cleaned. The first launch of the boiler is possible only in the presence of a representative of the gas organization.
In conclusion, I would like to note that the heating system is better to choose with two factors: the availability and lowest possible energy carrier and the autonomy of the system in the case of force majeure. Installation of the heating system in a private house is so responsible and difficult that it is not recommended independently. At least most importantly - calculations, schemes and project must perform professionals. And in order to save, you can try to install the elements of the system yourself, but under the sensitive manual of the wizard.
Already have long been sunk in the summer, when a private house could only dig a stove. The absence of hot water is sufficient, the need to pull the stove and support the fire in it a little contributed to life outside the city. That is why many sought to move to comfortable multi-storey buildings, where heating and hot water supply was centralized.
Today a lot has changed - the abundance and range of modern heating equipment Allowed to do heating in the house on their own, even without attracting specialists. Now priority, on the contrary, is accommodation in country housesSince hot water is year-round, and the heating can be included at any time, without waiting for the solutions of public services.
In total, 3 major energy carriers are isolated - gas, solid fuel and electricity. About each of them, as well as how to make the right strapping of the boiler and ensure the flow of heat to different nodes, we will tell in this article.
You can not get the entire heating system in any store in any store. Can choose separate elements And to assemble them into the system, you can buy materials and make the boiler and the strapping entirely personally. Regardless of how you decide to go, it is necessary to start deciding on the following parameters:
- what kind of fuel is planned to be used;
- which fuel is economically more appropriate.
What are the home heating systems
The most famous means of heating from time immemorial was the Russian oven. Among the main disadvantages of such structures today allocate large size, which is not always convenient and uneven heating of air indoors. Near the furnace is very hot, two meters warm, in the next room is cold. Modern fireplaces, although we changed over time, in general act an analogue of the furnace and therefore can be used exclusively as an auxiliary source of heat.
The most popular and efficient recognize the water heating system, where the heated coolant circulates along the pipes and thereby heats the premises.
No less effective, but almost an unknown is the air heating, the main on the operation of air thermal collectors.
Electric heating It can be called a relatively new view that works on the transformation of electricity into thermal energy, while using no heat carrier.
Types of boilers
The main task in organizing heating with your own hands is to create an effective system, mostly automatic, with the minimum participation of a person in its work. Based on the availability of the type of fuel and the feasibility of its choice, the specific type of the boiler should be purchased.
The main classification of boilers depends on the type of fuel:
- gas;
- electric;
- solid fuel;
- combined.
Modern industrial boilers are economical, relatively silent and easy-to-use. The main minus of such equipment is energy dependence, since each operation is based on a fan, pumping air into the chamber or ensuring the movement of the coolant.
Exception concerns only those boilers, where used. Such a pump refers to the category of emergency equipment and works on the battery. In the absence of electricity, the pump ensures the movement of the coolant through the pipes, excluding their freezing and the subsequent gap.
Private Heating Scheme
Gas
No matter how often the cost of gas in our country was not indexed, it remains the cheapest fuel type.
Modern gas boilers are silent, easy to operate, differ in the number of contours:
- single-mounted - designed only for home heating
- double-circuit - on heating and hot water supply.
Electric
The safest type of equipment. Able to damn any area (power is 4-300 kW). The minus of such equipment is only in the cost of fuel. Electricity is traditionally the most expensive type of heating compared to gas and solid fuel.
Among the key advantages can be allocated as follows:
- large range of boilers capable of pumping up to 350 sq.m. premises of the multi-level and consisting of several rooms;
- there is no need to organize the chimney and exhaust ventilation - heating occurs due to the transformation of electricity to thermal, so no combustion products are allocated;
- environmentally friendly equipment that does not release any pollutants into the atmosphere;
- compact size and ability to install in any room without limit on quadrature and remoteness;
- there is no need to receive permits for commissioning equipment.
It is possible to fuck even a small house of electricity only if 3 phases are connected, and in the network there is absolutely stable voltage.
The boilers among themselves also differ in the number of contours:
- single-mounted - only for heating;
- double-circuit - for heating and heating water.
Solid fuel
This is an improved "hello" from the past, upgraded to such an extent that it can be left for a week and the temperature in the house will be comfortable. At the base of all boilers working on solid fuel, the Kolpakov principle is laid when the boiler is warmed first, and then the temperature is supported at a certain level to ensure the stability of the heat carrier heating.
Such boilers are characterized by a fairly high efficiency, but at the same time need regular (at least 1-2 times a week) cleaning from combustion products, chimney installation, exhaust ventilation organization and premises.
Advantages of hard fuel equipment:
- a large range of fuel (firewood, coal, pellets, braces, waste woodworking and agricultural industry, etc.);
- high efficiency, in some cases reaching 92%;
- the ability to automate the process for long-burning aggregates.
In order for the heating season to cause difficulties, it is necessary to prepare a certain amount of fuel sufficient for heating a private house for 2-3 months.
Combined
This type of equipment allows you to rationalize the cost of heating and ensure a constant work of the boiler, depending on the availability of a particular fuel.
A fundamental difference lies in combination of solid fuel with other sources - electricity, liquid fuel or gas. Depending on the pair, electrical, solid fuel and universal combo boilers are isolated. The choice depends on what fuel is available in this region.
The transition between alternative sources is carried out by changing the burners, which is quite difficult and not always from the first time.
The burners are always purchased separately!
Choosing a boiler for a private house, it should be understood that this is only a small part of the entire heating system. Of course, a very important, from which its functioning and maintenance of heat in the house will depend on, but also much depends on the strapping of the boiler, from the organization of the heating system and hot water supply.
Types of heating systems
Depending on which heat carrier circulates in the system, the following types of heating are practiced:
- water, where ordinary water acts as a coolant (antifreeze can be added in some cases);
- air - coolant - air heated to a certain temperature;
- steam - pipe heats steam;
- electric - electrical appliances (beans, infrared emitters, etc.) are placed around the perimeter;
- combined - the organization of heating in such a way that the source is not only the coolant, but also other options;
- system "Warm floor".
Each of the listed methods is characterized by certain characteristics, advantages and disadvantages in relation to each other.
This is the easiest view of the heating of a private house, which is easy to make with your own hands. There is no special requirements in the operation of the system, the main task is to correctly calculate the number of batteries and select the appropriate boiler power.
How to calculate power
There is a universal power calculation formula:
1 kW power \u003d 10 m 2 heated area
However, it works only in perfect, one can say, laboratory conditions, very far from reality. When determining the parameter, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of a particular home - the year of construction, from which building materials, the presence of thermal insulation, type of windows and doors, etc.
So, for example, if the house is built more than 30 years ago, but insulated, doors and windows are replaced with modern hermetic structures. Power should be increased by 1.5 times, that is, 10 sq.m. Square to take 1.5 kW. If the scrap is built recently, but not insulated properly, doors and windows - wooden and shifted, the power should be increased already 2 times.
Power counting coefficients
- 2 or more windows on the north side - 1.3;
- 2 or more windows on the southern, oriental and southeast side - 1.1;
- 2 or more windows on the west side - 1.2.
When organizing water heating, purified water acts as a coolant, which is not necessary to merge at the end of the heating season. This is a closed system where water circulates under the influence of the pump or samoter.
Forced coolant circulation
In order to ensure the movement of heated water through the pipes, you need a centrifugal force. As a rule, the circulation pump is used for these purposes, but the usual centrifugal is completely suitable, only low power.
The main task of the pump is to supply the cooled water to the boiler for heating and the distribution of the already heated coolant on the system. Since we are talking about a closed circle, the constant volume of water circulates along the pipes.
Installation of a circulation pump in a private house heating system
The use of pumping equipment, although it makes the system with an energy-dependent, but completely eliminates the need to participate a person in the work of the boiler. The temperature sensor monitors the heating limit, the pump moves water properly from the boiler to the pipes and back. If we are talking about an electric or gas boiler, all participation is reduced only to one - to put a comfortable temperature and forget about the boiler for the whole season.
In order to ensure the operation of the boiler in the absence of electricity, you can purchase a 12 volt circulation pump operating on the battery.
Circulation of the coolant of gravity
Today, such a system is extremely rare and only in single-storey houses. Here, the coolant moves according to the system of gravity when the water of different temperatures move under the influence of the difference in the specific mass.
The mandatory condition for the proper circulation of water in the samotane system is the installation of pipes under a small - up to 150 age.
Installation of the water heating system with your own hands
In order for the house to be comfortable and warm, the number of radiators for which the coolant will be circulated correctly. At the same time, pay attention to the fact that all boilers should be equipment with a system of exhaust ventilation and chimney. An exception concerns only an electric boiler.
How to calculate the required number of radiators
The most correct way is to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bheated premises (in each room separately). According to SNiP each square meter requires 100 W heat. Learn the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and multiply on the required amount of heat. For example, for room 20 sq.m. It will take 2000 W heat (20 x 100), which corresponds to 2 kW.
Now we determine the number of radiators by the number of sections or units. Each manufacturer indicates the heat transfer of one section of the radiator or the monolithic product. The resulting heat volume is divided into heat transfer ratio and get the number of sections that convert into radiators, or immediately - the number of radiators.
- One-pipe, where only hot water leaves from the boiler
In this case, the coolant moves from the first to the last radiator, gradually losing heat. When choosing a similar system, it should be borne in mind that in the longest room the battery will be practically cold.
To adjust the temperature of the radiators with such a system is difficult, since it breaks one radiator, you stop the flow of the coolant about all subsequent.
- Two-pipe - feeding hot water from the boiler and return water to the boiler (reverse).
This is the most optimal system for the heating of a private house, where 2 pipes are submitted to each device - primary and reverse. In this case, the temperature of all radiators in all rooms will be approximately the same. You can increase or reduce the temperature as needed in each room.
Such a layout is called even radiation when a direct feed pipe is supplied from the boiler to each instrument.
The collector in such a heating system performs the task of accumulation of the coolant.
This is a universal system that is suitable for organizing heating in any room, while it is possible to make hidden wiring to each device separately.
Depending on the selected layout system, the number of pipes and the total cost is determined. One-tube wiring is the cheapest option.
After the number of radiators is calculated and the system is selected, the installation of pipes should be installed.
Previously, metal pipes were used for this purpose. Today, such a solution is not beneficial due to the cost and exposure of corrosion, so polypropylene should be chosen.
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Polypropylene pipes in the heating system
Pipes are stacked in all rooms that will be heated by moving from one room to a friend. Between themselves pipes are connected by a special soldering iron for plastic pipes.
The water heating system of a private house can be collected with their own hands, but for this you will need accurate calculations and a boiler strapping scheme. The main disadvantage of such a system is the need for regular prevention. And pay attention to the fact that if you use antifreeze, it must be changed every 5 years.
A popular method of heating of residential and office premises, based on the principle of gravity and forced ventilation. The gravitational system involves the movement of air when the temperature difference due to its natural circulation. Different temperatures means different air density due to which the movement of warm and cold layers is moving.
With air heating in the room, the canorifer is installed or the ventilation channels are mounted for which warm air comes. Each such source of heat can be installed anywhere in the room - on the wall, in the ceiling or floor. The principle of convection does not have any influence
2 main types of air heating are distinguished:
- local (localized);
- central.
Localized
This method is suitable for heating only one room indoor. As a source of heat can act:
- calorifers;
- thermal guns;
- thermal curtains.
The optimal heat supply is a calorifer that spreads heat a few meters around. The capacity of such equipment is 1-1.2 kW per hour.
The heat gun is more powerful equipment, which also instantly dries air indoors. Use only for heating warehouse and industrial premises, where people are a short time. Power 2-2.5 kW per hour.
The heat curtain is an analogue of the air conditioner, which dot points hot air. Most often, the veil put at the entrance to simultaneously stop the access of cold air into the room. Power 1.5-2 kW per hour.
Central heating
This is a sample of centralized hot air supply that functions on the principle:
- direct or partial recycling;
- full hot air circulation.
Most often, such a system is chosen in rooms with suspended or stretched ceilingswhere you can make ventilation channels. Through such vent holes, hot air enters the room and circulates in it.
Mounting the ventilation channels in the walls are impractical, as part of it will be needed to mask ventilation mines.
The cost of air heating is more expensive and on the installation, and at the cost of the equipment. As a source of heat carrier, a gas or electric boiler is performed.
Benefits:
- air filtration entering the room;
- freshness of air due to the fact that the fence is carried out from the street;
- the possibility of organization drip irrigation and air ionization.
Disadvantages:
- such a system can be created only in the building building (with the exception of water gun and heat curtain);
- dear mounting.
Electric heating
The most affordable method of heating any room, as electricity is everywhere.
The principle of operation is based on the operation of an electric convector that converts electrical energy into thermal. Modern models Equipped with a large number of functions that fully eliminate the need for a person's participation in controlling work.
It may be:
- temperature regulator depending on the time of day;
- temperature regulator at night and decline in daytime (day-night mode);
- maintaining pressure in the system and the minimum temperature in the absence of people for a long time;
- compliance with the mode even with short-term power outage, etc.
Benefits:
- very simple and easy installation, which is completely unfortunately;
- exceptionally simple operation;
- system mobility when convectors can be rearranged from the room to the room if necessary.
Disadvantages:
- the high cost of the energy carrier is the most expensive of all existing heating methods.
When choosing an electric heating method, there must be 3 phases and a stable voltage in the network.
Steam heating
In this case, the principle of operation completely coincides with the water with the only difference that instead of water in the system, steam circulates. Mounting pipes, the choice of boiler power and the organization of the strapping is completely identical to the water heating system.
Special boilers generating hot steam are used for steam heating. Be sure to have a system of filters "Through the Structure", which purify water from all sorts of impurities before it is transformed into a vapor state.
The advantage of the steam system of heating is only one - savings, since heating occurs almost instantly. The efficiency is 95%.
The shortcomings are incomparably more:
- feature of the equipment - in free sale it is extremely difficult to find a steam boiler;
- high installation cost, which includes the wiring of special pipes and the presence of a filter system;
- hazardous operation, since the pair temperature exceeds 100 degrees.
Warm floor
The huge advantage of this heating system is the large area of \u200b\u200bthe heat transfer surface. This is the perfect option for places. common use - Kitchen, bathroom, corridor, as well as in the living room or children's room.
Optimal is the laying of a warm floor under ceramic tiles - in this case it acts as an excellent conductor. Laminate and parquet are much less likely to use for a warm floor, since the material is not excluded when the material is not excluded and its subsequent disassembly.
A prerequisite for mounting the warm floor is a foil layer. This is not an insulator and not reflector, as it is considered. Foil is used to evenly distribute heat over the floor surface. If you do not use such a layer, on tactile sensations, the floor will resemble zebra - the band is warm, the band is cold.
Warm floors are water, where the pipes circulate hot water and electric - wire system, where electrical energy is transformed into thermal.
Water warm floor
Branch of the water heating system in the form of pipes of small diameter laid on a flat surface of the floor. The prerequisite is to use the substrate, which will prevent the heat loss from contact with the floor.
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The complexity of the installation of water underground is the need for pipe gasket and the correct connection to the existing heating system.
Electric warm floor
Elementary laying and operating type of heating. The only difficulty that may occur - preliminary preparation of the surface under the laying of wires or mats with a concrete screed, and laying outdoor coating over a warm floor
Even easier - the use of electrical mats to the existing coating. Such mats are absolutely safe in operation, it is easy to customize. To eliminate mechanical damage, it is recommended to use an overhead electric floor under carpet or carpet.
In most cases, the warm floor is an auxiliary element of the heating system in the house.
How to choose heating for your home
The most correct when the heating system is selected and, accordingly, the boiler is the orientation on the available type of fuel. If there is still no gas pipeline in some area, but its installation is already carried out, it is advisable to use combined boilers - solid fuel gas. Where there is no and does not plan to be placed, but electricity is expensive, you can connect the electrocotel.
Each system has both its advantages and disadvantages. Even if you spend heating in the house yourself, be sure to consult the designers relative to the type and method. Any of the selected heating systems is quite expensive, so that you can make mistakes in the calculations.
For example, when developing a fireplace, a furnace or solid fuel boiler with their own hands, there is a risk of concentration of carbon dioxide indoors, which will lead to accidents.
The best option will be the purchase of finished certified equipment, and already installation and strapping can be made with your own hands.
In order to accurately understand what kind of heating is preferred, the cost of each type of fuel and its expense per unit of time should be taken into account.
As of March 2016, fuel prices are as follows:
- 1 liter of diesel - $ 0.5. The cost of 1kW / h energy is 0.05 $.
- 1 m 3 of natural gas for individuals - $ 0.05. The cost of 1 kW / h - $ 0,006.
- 1 l balloon gas - $ 0.3. The cost of 1 kW / b- 0.020 $.
- 1 kW / h electricity for individual — 0,03 $.
- 1 kg of coal on average 0.3 $. The cost of 1 kW / h 0.05 $.