Today, the paving tile is not exotic something. She firmly entered our domestic reality. Who do not want to lay out the tracks in your country or near the house with a beautiful pattern? Now it is completely easy to acquire it, but much more economical with your own hands. Another plus to do this is the ability to create products of various shapes and colors in the right amount.

Now it is completely easy to buy paving slabs, but much more economical to make it with your own hands.

Besides on the release paving tile You can build an income business that does not require large material costs.

One of the main conditions for production is to create a proper solution.

To approach the preparation process in two ways:

• make a simplified version - at home;
• follow the more accurate recipe - for production needs.

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At home

The necessary ingredients for the preparation of the solution: sand, cement and water are mixed, according to the recipe.

Cooking the house of paving slabs with their own hands does not require enough tough followation of the norms of the GOST. Therefore, it may be easy to apply recipes. Here are a few.

1. Sand and cement take a ratio of 1.5: 1. Mix carefully. Then gradually add water, with constant stirring of all ingredients, until the ready mass reach the consistency of thick sour cream. Then the solution is already placed in the form.
2. We take 6-7 buckets (10 liters) of sand, two buckets with cement M 400 or M 500 and 15 liters of water. About two sand buckets we fall asleep into the container and mix with 6-7 liters of water about half a minute. With continuous stirring, add all the cement and 6 liters of water. After 1-2 minutes of mixing and obtaining a homogeneous mass by pacify the remaining sand and pour water. The solution must be thick and not adhere to the container. Therefore, add water at the last stage is needed carefully, without overflowing it. Mixed for another three minutes and proceed to laying the finished solution of paving slabs in the form.
3. You can prepare a more complicated solution into which, to the specified already constituent, mix the mineral additive - C-3 plasticizer. This will increase the frost-resistant and elastic properties of the mixture. The ratio will look like this (per 1 cubic meter): grade cement M 500 - 550 kg, sand MK \u003d 2..3 - 1650 kg, C-3 plasticizer - 5.5 kg. And we must take into account when adding water, that the plasticizer is already divorced in it. The finished solution should be molded into the sausage, without sticking to them.
4. If there is a desire to perform colored tiles, then it is better to make two kinds of solution, with a dye and without, to save a koller. Then the composition with the dye should be made more high strength. Added to the already named ingredients, add more crushed stone or microcarete - 55 kg. Koler mix with sand first. Then add cement, crushed stone, water and plasticizer in turn. The finished solution with the dye is placed in the form first thin, layer in 1 cm. Then, from above, - the main one.

For work it will be necessary:

• capacity for mixing the sidewalk solution, if there is no concrete mixer, a sufficient volume of 25 liters;
• drill with a mixer for direct kneading;
• if there is no drill, you can mix and do it yourself.

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Preparation of a solution for production purposes

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Composition and requirements for it

If the choice fell on production capacity, then in this case it is necessary to adhere to the exact parameters of the composition in compliance with the norms of the GOST. Here you already need to take into account all the components so that the quality of paving slabs corresponds to standards: cement brand, aggregate fraction (rubble and sand), the choice of additives, as well as the flavor. In addition, it is necessary to continue to always follow the original selection of cement and dye, otherwise the color of manufactured products will not be permanent.

The process of manufacturing paving slabs in production purposes: 1-in ready-made concrete mix Add a plasticizer and dye; 2-on vibrotole laying out the shape and spend them with a concrete mixture; 3- Leave forms on drying for 2-3 days; 4- When the tile is ready for the platform, you need to heat the water in a melt up to 70 - 80 degrees Celsius and to lower the form with concrete for several minutes, after which the tile should get out of the form; 5-package tiles; 6-ship.

Rubble is preferable to use granite. However, not everywhere there is an opportunity to purchase it. It is possible to replace it with a fine-grained concrete that is not difficult to make with your own hands. For this, the cement M 500 to, sand, a C-3 plasticizer and a microcaretum is suitable. The latter in the mixture should be in the proportion of 1: 9 with respect to cement and plasticizer. The interaction of silicon dioxide (silica) with calcium hydroxide, generated during harvesting cement leads to the occurrence of hydroxylates - cement stones. It turns out fine-grained concrete, frost-resistant and having strength up to 70 MPa.

The finished solution with the dye is placed in the form first thin, layer in 1 cm. Then, from above, - the main layer.

For each cement brand corresponds to a certain dye. But little to stop your choice on a certain brand, you need to buy cement from the same manufacturer. Because it is the cement, and not the other components in the mixture, painted with a color, and it will definitely affect the result - the final color of concrete. The use of different cement will make it impossible to obtain paving slabs of one color.

The quality of the painted products directly depends on the choice of pigments. It is better to use inorganic dyes of German and Czech production. They have a good coloring ability and are added in an amount of 2-5% of the mass of cement. Domestic pigments have the worst quality, so they need to be added to the mixture about 8%. In addition, they do not guarantee a permanent color when interacting with the cement marks selected.

When choosing, it is necessary to take into account the stability of dyes to adverse weather conditions, light, irritability in water. Dry inorganic dyes need to be breeding in water to the thickness of sour cream and let them come up at least an hour.

The C-3 plasticizer will increase the frost-resistant and elastic properties of the mixture.

Mandatory divorce in water and dry plasticizer C-3. Moreover, for faster dissolution, water is better to heat up to T 30-40 degrees. Then pour out C-3 in the proportion of 35/65 to the mass of water. The mixture is mixed with a drill with a mixer for 10-15 minutes. After you need to give a solution to settle so that the plasticizer is better dissolved, not less than 10-15 hours. Immediately before use, it is thoroughly mixed with a solution of 10-15 minutes.

The paths and sidewalks paved with a beautiful finishing material are definitely pleasing to the eyes. Especially when they decorate the country area. Currently, the widespread use of such material as paving tiles has been widespread for improving the territories. It pleases the variety of forms, colors and sizes. Therefore, each owner of the country area may pick up suitable tile and arrange a plot in the original way.

High-quality paving slabs, contains other components, also special additives that are called plasticizers. Their use is the key to obtain a good solution, from which the qualitative characteristics of paving slabs are largely dependent.

The mixture from which the pavement tile is made is a composition comprising multiple components. The main ingredients will be discussed later.

By default, when preparing any concrete, cement is the main component. Depending on the geographical location manufacturers produce various varieties Cement:

1. Portland cement.
2. SlagoporTland cement.
3. Alumina cement.
4. Sand cement.

The cement brand for the manufacture of paving slabs must be chosen in the range from 300 to 700. The degree of compression strength is the main thing than the cement brand is determined. For the production of paving slabs, the optimal option is cement M500 brand.

If this material is manufactured at home, then in this case it is best to make a choice in favor of the M400 brand cement.

When choosing cement, which will be used in the production of paving slabs, great importance It has party and its manufacturer. In order for a particular part of paving slabs, the qualitative characteristics did not differ strongly, it is necessary to purchase a certain batch from one manufacturer.

Each company has its own characteristics of the cement manufacturing process, so if the pavement tile is made of cement of different manufacturers, then choose the kel for it is quite difficult.

Crushed stone and sand

In addition to cement, in the manufacture of paving slabs, crushed stone. In order for the quality of the paving slabs to be high, it is necessary to use in the mixture crushed stone fraction 5-10 mm.

If in your plans, the manufacture of paving slabs on a large scale, then it is necessary to use crushed stone when preparing a mixture, which not only has the desired fraction, but also differs high frost resistance. Optimal option - Use for the production of sidewalk tiles rubble from granite.

The sand is another mandatory component, without which it is impossible to produce high-quality paving slabs. Best for the manufacture of concrete solution to use pure sandwhich does not contain impurities.

You can take ordinary sand to be sifted. The main thing is in the sand the clay content should not be more than 5%.

Additives plasticizers

In accordance with the technology of manufacturing paving slabs, in addition to the three components listed above, the mixture plasticizers are addedas well as dispersant.

Making such additives leads to improved quality Produced products, as well as simplifies the process of forming paving slabs. In addition, there is an improvement in the type of finished products.

If in your plans, the production of colored paving slabs at home, then in addition to the additives, it is necessary to bring in the mixture and dyes. Manufacturers producing paving slabs use iron oxid pigment dyes.

These are presented certain requirements:

• They should not burn out in the sun.
• Under the influence of adverse weather conditions, their destruction should not occur.

It should be aware that dyes do not dissolve in water, so it is necessary to carry them into cement and careful mixing. We pay special attention to such a moment: dyes should be evenly distributed throughout the volume of the mixture.

If used proper technology preparation of the mixture, it is positively reflected on appearance finished products, and besides this makes products more durable.

One of the common problems faced by the manufacturers of paving slabs is the appearance of cracks on finished products. To avoid this, it is necessary to use the additive for concrete - steel fittings. To save, you can use a polypropylene fiber.

Its species it represents fibers, the length of which can vary from 5 to 20 mm, and the diameter is in the range from 5 to 50 microns. Adding fibra in the production of finished products allows increase wear resistance to tile, make it more resistant to shock loads.

It is impossible for the production of paving slabs with their own hands without water, which is also added to the concrete mix. Only one requirement is presented to it - she must be clean. The use of contaminated water negatively affects the quality characteristics of finished products.

Phased cooking

Now we will look at several options for the proper preparing solution for the production of paving slabs. Let's start with the very simple ways And we will gradually move to more complex.

When you are preparing a solution for the production of paving slabs at home, then it is not necessary to follow the standards that are recommended for enterprises. If you try to try very strongly, you can use for the production of this material any recipe for concrete mix. Several most common leading below.

Preparation of dry cement-sandy solution in proportion 1: 1.5. Gradually, we add water to the sand and cement and bring the mixture to the consistency of thick sour cream. For better mixing it is necessary to use perforator or drill, equipped with a "mixer" by the nozzle. When the desired consistency is obtained, we are postponed in the prepared forms.

Another way to prepare a mixture for paving slabs. It is necessary to take two buckets of sand and pour it six liters of water, and then mix everything thoroughly. After that, add two cement buckets in the mixture.

When a mixture is ready, you need to fall asleep five more sand vests, carefully pour everything with water, which will take about six liters. As a result, it should turn out solution of thick consistencywho should not stick to the trowel. You must mix the finished mixture within a few minutes, and then load into the form.

If a plasticizer is entered into the finished solution as an additive, then the properties of the composition are significantly expanding. Structure acquires elasticity and becomes more resistant to low temperatures.

When adding plasticizers, it is necessary to ensure that the composition remains thick. When the mixture is ready, it is distributed in forms, and then by vibration, tiles form.

To increase the strength of the solution, it is necessary to add crushed stone, screening or microcare. In this case, there is no need for a perforator. If the mixer is used for stirring, then breakdowns can not be avoided. It is best to use a shovel. To facilitate the task of cooking the mixture, you can use the concrete mixer.

If the pavement tile is planned to be manufactured in a production scale, then more responsibly must be approached to the preparation of concrete. It is necessary to familiarize yourself in advance with the norms of the state standard and in the preparation of the mixture to adhere to these parameters. With special care it is necessary to approach the selection of material.

Also it is important to take into account the cement brandwhich should be no less than M500 and do not contain additives. Crushed stone for the preparation of the mixture It is necessary to use the granite, fraction 5-10 mm. Additives must be used without savings.

For staining is best apply imported kel German or production of the Czech Republic. If the choice fell in favor of dye domestic production, the tab must be increased by 80%. The dosage of cement and dyes cannot be changed, otherwise it will affect the qualitative characteristics of the paving slabs, its color will be non-permanent.

Features of cooking plasticizer

It should be remembered that the preparation of a plasticizer needs to take care in advance. This is done as follows. C-3 plasticizer falls asleep in heated to 40 degrees water. Here it is necessary to adhere to the ratio of 1: 2.

Then it is mixed for 15 minutes a perforator with a Mixer nozzle. When mixing will be completed, the solution is necessary leave for a while.

It is best to make a cooking solution in the evening. In the morning, when the preparation of a concrete mixture begins, it will be enough mixture for 15 minutes, after which it can be used.

All materials that will be used to prepare a concrete mix must be located within walking distance. It is advisable to decide in advance how many dimensional containers will be used for each component of the mixture.

The workplace must be equipped as follows: cement, sand and crushed stone poured on metal sheets, which locked around the concrete mixer At the distance Mach. Nearby are the container, which is in advance to fill with water.

Terms of work with a concrete mixer

Turning on the equipment for mixing concrete, you need uniformly fill Its main components of the solution. When calculating the number of each ingredient, it is necessary to focus on the lathery of the mixer. In the calculation, focusing on the volume of one shovel.

If you repel from the standard recipe, which is used in the manufacture of a solution for sidewalk tiles with high frost resistance and 4.5 cm thickness, then the mixture composition will be as follows:

• 22 kg of cement;
• 54 kg rubble;
• 19 kg of sand;
• 9 l of water;
• 110 gr. Plasticizer.

First of all, it is necessary fill the sand concrete mixer. The mode of operation must be as follows: Five shovers are loaded into the equipment, after which 20 seconds are taken to rest. Together with the sand you need to add a dye to the concrete mixer. Its number should not be more than 6% of the volume of cement.

Then necessary add to concrete mixer crushed stone, and behind him cement. The homogeneity of the mixture obtained must be monitored visually. After that, pour water, and behind it is a diluted plasticizer.

Attention must be paid to the volume of water fill in the concrete mixer and the dosage of the plasticizer, the number of which should not be more calculated. Finishing you need add polypropylene fibers, six hundred c. Fibers are enough for one m 3.

Paving tile making nuances

Paving tile - excellent material for making tracks on cottage plot. To decorate landscape design And make it more aesthetic owners use various types of paving slabs. Many acquire them from enterprises that are engaged in the production of paving slabs. And some are solved on its production on their own.

It is not so difficult to make paving slabs yourself. The main thing is necessary know features technology and organization of production, as well as to decide on the recipe for a concrete mix, which is the basis for the manufacture of this material.

Special attention must be paid to the components that are used for the manufacture of concrete mix and are used for the production of paving slabs. They should be high Qualitynot have contaminants and foreign inclusions.

Compliance with requirements allows get high quality material For paving tracks. Do not forget about plasticizers, allowing you to get high quality tiles, with good aesthetic properties that will rejoice for a long time.

13491 0

Nowadays, the pavement tile has become popular. She has many advantages over other pedestrian street coatings, and its composition provides resistance to atmospheric influences, the multiple cycles "Winter - Summer". Paving tiles can be covered both in areas and own paths. GOST contains requirements for various types Tiles that should be performed in production to ensure its durability.

The recipe for the preparation of concrete should be clearly observed, the requirements for the ratios of components - for the quality of the final product.

Composition for tile

Required qualities for tile composition:

• Abrasion strength, wear resistance.
• Small puff structure.
• Small water absorption.
• Frost resistance.

Read more about Components:

• Cement for paving slabs. For the preparation of concrete need cement; For paving slabs, portland cement brand is used and higher. Lower quality cements will not be able to provide the necessary quality.
• Sand. Performs the functions of a small aggregate. Applied medium group Sand, in the module of the size of about 2 (according to GOST 8736-93), use raw materials from river quarries. The sand should be sinking, without unnecessary impurities and garbage.
• Crushed stone. The granite crumb is used as a large aggregate, which improves the strength of the tile, its frost resistance. Fractions ranging from 5 to 10 mm, and needle and lamellar add-ons less than a quarter from the volume of granular rubble. This material should be used only in the washed state. Fits rubble from magmatic mountain breeds, for example, granite, GOST 8267-82. Compression stroke is required from 1000 and higher, and frost resistance above 200.
• Additives and plasticizers - give the plasticity of the raw mass of concrete, prevent bundle and cracking both during drying and use, adds mixtures of concrete water-repellent properties, the product becomes less fragile. When using plasticizers, it should be pre-diluted in warm water, which will be added to the concrete solution. In this case, the addition occurs with constant stirring of water and the gradual addition of plasticizer. Plasticizers are added in proportion from 0.5 to 1% of the mass of cement.

To achieve large strength characteristics, polypropylene, polyamide and glass fibers resistant to alkalis can be added to the composition of concrete, which is about one kilogram per cubic meter.

• Paint substances. The numerous tile color palette is performed by adding dyes and pigments into a mixture. Dye requirements are high resistance to ultraviolet and alkalis, since the paving surface will have to experience large solar loads, and cement has alkaline properties. Pigments, like plasticizers, are stirred first in water, and then the mixture is added to cement. It is necessary to add in proportion from 3 to 15 percent to the volume of cement, depending on the desired color saturation. It is not recommended to add too little or, on the contrary, a lot of dye, since a small amount gives a bad color, and large lowers the strength characteristics of concrete and increases the demanding solution to water. The proportions are indicated in the instructions for the pigment from the manufacturer.
• Water. It is necessary to strictly observe the recipe, since the excessive amount of water will lead to an increase in drying the finished tiles and a decrease in its quality. Water should be taken purified from dirt and impurities.

Ratio of components

It is recommended in the manufacture of paving slabs to clearly follow the norms of GOST and the rules of manufacture, their non-compliance will lead to a deterioration in product quality. If necessary, you can add some water to the composition. The main thing is that the finished solution is perfectly mixed.

Composition of mixes for the production of paving slabs - a table of proportions

Cement for paving slabs, sand and crushed stone to obtain a normal concrete quality mixed in proportion 1/2/2. Below is the recipe for the preparation of a concrete mixture at the rate of the cement bag weighing 50 kg. Common proportions, recipe and composition can be found in GOST and SNIPA, and clear technical requirements are written in GOST 17608-91.

1. The water is 15-20 liters (2 buckets), the exact amount depends on the humidity of the hydraulic substances used.
2. Part of plasticizers, according to the requirements, dilute in small quantities warm water And after pouring into the concrete mixer to the rest of the water, mix.
3. Add a dye for paving slabs, stir.
4. Three 12 liter buckets of pure rubble fall asleep and wait when everything is mixed.
5. In the resulting mass, we are pouring into the cement, separated by 3-4 portions, giving time for the sewage of each portion.
6. Let's fall asleep another bucket of rubble and fall asleep 4 sand buckets, as well as cement, peeling each bucket.
7. We add the last bucket of the rubbank, we are thoroughly mixed.

Next, the casting and layout of the raw sidewalk tiles for pre-drying. A few hours later, or after a couple of days, depending on the atmospheric conditions of drying and matching the proportions and the recipe, you can remove the forms, after which to continue drying the finished product for two weeks.

The quality of the paving paving slabs is depends on the composition of concrete and production technology. There are several types of concrete mixes that are used for the production of paving slabs. It is necessary to allocate the scale of production and its place of use. They can be industrial, and may be small, that is, in the production of tiles at home.

Technological scheme for the production of paving slabs.

The essence of production is as follows. In special forms that may have a different configuration, a concrete mixture is poured, trambed, withstands a certain time, after which the frozen concrete is removed from the forms. After a set of strength within 2 weeks, the manufacturing process is considered complete. In reality, there are some subtleties and dependencies in the production of paving slabs.

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Composition composition and its properties

To obtain paving slabs with good strength characteristics, concrete is used, which contains the following proportions of components:

1. 1st option. In this case, portland cement brand 500 and low clay sand is used to obtain concrete. The proportion of cement and sand 1: 3;!
2. 2nd option. Portland cement brand 500, sand and dropouts use concrete granite rubble. The discraining fraction takes 5-10 mm. The proportion of cement, sand and discrade - 1: 2: 2 or 1: 3: 1.

In the first and second embodiment, the preparation of the concrete mix is \u200b\u200brecommended to use a plasticizer and a waterproofing additive. Also, the tile preparation solution is often reinforced by polypropylene fibers to improve strength characteristics. Apply fibers as a reinforcing material is suitable in concrete, which consists only of cement and sand. The concrete obtained using the granite dropout is sufficiently durable, and the reinforcement of its organic fibers can be not produced.

When obtaining concrete in the form of a conventional cement mortar from sand and cement, it is important to observe the ratio of sand and cement. Quite often reduce the content of sand in the solution to 2-parts, which ultimately leads to the cracking of the paving slabs. This is due to the fact that as a result of the crystallization of the concrete mixture, severe stressful states occur in the structure of pure cement in the solution, and since the sanding part is not enough, then these stresses are not compensated by sand particles, which leads to the formation of tips of connections, that is, cracks. On the contrary, an increase in the amount of sand (more than 3 parts) can lead to a decrease in the hardness of the finished tile and its gradual destruction.

Adding a granite dropout to concrete significantly reduces the likelihood of cracking and increases product strength.

In case of small-scale production, tiles at home in some cases reinforcement. To do this, cut into pieces of wire with a diameter of 1-3 mm and impose it in the middle of the blurred form. First, half the shape of the concrete are filled, then placed wire and fill the remaining part of the shape concrete. Length pieces of wire usually takes a little less than the length of the diagonal of the product. To reinforce the tile in this way is relevant in the event that its surface will further experience a large pressure, for example, a heavy car will travel to the courtyard and so on.

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The process of obtaining finished products

It is best to knead the concrete solution in the concrete mixer: it accelerates the process of the kneading and increases its quality. Priority when mixing: sand, screening, cement, water. Plasticizer and waterproofing additive must be stirred in advance in water. To give a color to the product add pigment. It is important to obtain the required consistency of the concrete mix. The solution must be plastic, but at the same time its spreading is not allowed.

The scheme for determining the mobility of concrete.

One of the important stages of the production of tile is laying the mixture in the form. The form is necessary before filling with a solution slightly lubricate a special emulsion or ordinary vegetable oil. Next, vibrotols are used for proper tamping solution. These devices due to the emerging vibration allow you to compact concrete in the form, as well as get rid of air bubbles in it. In the home conditions, the use of vibrationtol is not always possible, so the manual traam method is used. During filling the shape of concrete with the help of a wooden cyan, the contents seal. After completion, the surface is smoothed. As a rule, when laying a mixture into shape, it is desirable to shake the latter slightly, it will contribute to a more dense shrinkage of the solution.

Concrete leaves in forms for two days. Then finished tile is removed. If the form surface was pre-lubricated with emulsion or oil, then it is possible to easily remove the tile. Sometimes you can easily simplify this process if the form is placed under hot water. The water temperature should not exceed 60 ° C. The process of complete drying and hardening of concrete in the finished tile takes about 2 weeks. At the same time, it is necessary to place the product into a privided place, avoiding the temperature drops below 0 ° C or excessive overheating of the room. In the hottime, it is desirable to watery tiles with a small amount of water.

In the process of producing paving slabs, the quality of cement and its proportion in the finished solution is key. In the process of operation, brave elements can be susceptible to significant loads, so the cement used brand should not be less than 500. Cement should be used within its storage period. It is extremely recommended to move away from the proposed. To knead it is preferable to use a concrete mixer or do cement mix Using a drill and a mixing nozzle, as the mixing manual way in the trough may not satisfy the results of obtaining a homogeneous concrete mass.

Exemplary list of necessary tools for the manufacture of paving slabs at home:

• buckets with a well-known capacity;
• master OK;
• level (to check the plane for the installation of forms);
• concrete mixer or drill with a mixing nozzle;
• fulfillment forms required configuration;
• kiyanka or rubber hammer.

Observing technology for the production of paving elements of paving, it is possible at home to get a quality product, the cost of which will be significantly lower than the finished products.

13490 0

Nowadays, the pavement tile has become popular. She has many advantages over other pedestrian street coatings, and its composition provides resistance to atmospheric influences, the multiple cycles "Winter - Summer". Paving tiles can be covered both in areas and own paths. GOST contains requirements for various types of tiles that must be performed in production to ensure its durability.

The recipe for the preparation of concrete should be clearly observed, the requirements for the ratios of components - for the quality of the final product.

Composition for tile

Required qualities for tile composition:

• Abrasion strength, wear resistance.
• Small puff structure.
• Small water absorption.
• Frost resistance.

Read more about Components:

• Cement for paving slabs. For the preparation of concrete need cement; For paving slabs, portland cement brand is used and higher. Lower quality cements will not be able to provide the necessary quality.
• Sand. Performs the functions of a small aggregate. A medium sand group is used, about 2 size module (according to GOST 8736-93), use raw materials from river quarries. The sand should be sinking, without unnecessary impurities and garbage.
• Crushed stone. The granite crumb is used as a large aggregate, which improves the strength of the tile, its frost resistance. Fractions ranging from 5 to 10 mm, and needle and lamellar add-ons less than a quarter from the volume of granular rubble. This material should be used only in the washed state. A crushed stone of magmatic rocks is suitable, for example, granite, GOST 8267-82. Compression stroke is required from 1000 and higher, and frost resistance above 200.
• Additives and plasticizers - give the plasticity of the raw mass of concrete, prevent bundle and cracking both during drying and use, adds mixtures of concrete water-repellent properties, the product becomes less fragile. When using plasticizers, it should be pre-diluted in warm water, which will be added to the concrete solution. In this case, the addition occurs with constant stirring of water and the gradual addition of plasticizer. Plasticizers are added in proportion from 0.5 to 1% of the mass of cement.

To achieve large strength characteristics, polypropylene, polyamide and glass fibers resistant to alkalis can be added to the composition of concrete, which is about one kilogram per cubic meter.

• Paint substances. The numerous tile color palette is performed by adding dyes and pigments into a mixture. Dye requirements are high resistance to ultraviolet and alkalis, since the paving surface will have to experience large solar loads, and cement has alkaline properties. Pigments, like plasticizers, are stirred first in water, and then the mixture is added to cement. It is necessary to add in proportion from 3 to 15 percent to the volume of cement, depending on the desired color saturation. It is not recommended to add too little or, on the contrary, a lot of dye, since a small amount gives a bad color, and large lowers the strength characteristics of concrete and increases the demanding solution to water. The proportions are indicated in the instructions for the pigment from the manufacturer.
• Water. It is necessary to strictly observe the recipe, since the excessive amount of water will lead to an increase in drying the finished tiles and a decrease in its quality. Water should be taken purified from dirt and impurities.

Ratio of components

It is recommended in the manufacture of paving slabs to clearly follow the norms of GOST and the rules of manufacture, their non-compliance will lead to a deterioration in product quality. If necessary, you can add some water to the composition. The main thing is that the finished solution is perfectly mixed.

Composition of mixes for the production of paving slabs - a table of proportions

Cement for paving slabs, sand and crushed stone to obtain a normal concrete quality mixed in proportion 1/2/2. Below is the recipe for the preparation of a concrete mixture at the rate of the cement bag weighing 50 kg. Common proportions, recipe and composition can be found in GOST and SNIPA, and clear technical requirements are written in GOST 17608-91.

1. The water is 15-20 liters (2 buckets), the exact amount depends on the humidity of the hydraulic substances used.
2. Included in plasticizers, according to requirements, dilute in a small amount of warm water and after pouring into the concrete mixer to the rest of the water, mix.
3. Add a dye for paving slabs, stir.
4. Three 12 liter buckets of pure rubble fall asleep and wait when everything is mixed.
5. In the resulting mass, we are pouring into the cement, separated by 3-4 portions, giving time for the sewage of each portion.
6. Let's fall asleep another bucket of rubble and fall asleep 4 sand buckets, as well as cement, peeling each bucket.
7. We add the last bucket of the rubbank, we are thoroughly mixed.

Next, the casting and layout of the raw sidewalk tiles for pre-drying. A few hours later, or after a couple of days, depending on the atmospheric conditions of drying and matching the proportions and the recipe, you can remove the forms, after which to continue drying the finished product for two weeks.