Rules of sewage device in a private house. Sewerage in a private house with your own hands: The scheme of the branch of life products

30.10.2019 All about Hostakh

July 7, 2016
Specialization: master of internal and outdoor finish (Plaster, shtclowing, tile, plasterboard, lining, laminate and so on). In addition, plumbing, heating, electrician, ordinary lining and expansion of balconies. That is, repairs in an apartment or house was turned "turnkey" with all necessary species work.

Of course, it is best that if the sewage layout in a private house is carried out with their own hands simultaneously with the foundation laying, even before the construction of the building box. Of course, for this you need preliminary design and layout, but so you can avoid complex passes through the foundation tape and dismantling outdoor coverage.

But, despite such features, there are certain requirements for laying the pipeline, what I want to tell you more and invite you to watch the video in this article.

Installation of the sewage pipeline

Five important requirements

First, I want to list you five basic requirements, without any wiring sewer pipe in a private house. But I will make it briefly to concentrate your attention on the further installation instructions.

In any case, wherever you pacify the pipeline sewage - in the house, in the apartment, in the basement, by air or underground, you will have to observe a certain bias, and different for each diameter. Topical pipes leading to a cumulative or flow capacity are particularly important, the quality of the drain depends on the correct slope. If you do it more than you need, the water will wash the feces, without flushing them, and if less, then again, the prerequisites for the crow cannot be created due to the low intensity of the fluid movement.
If this is a wiring of the sewage in the apartment, then there are short pipes of the pipeline, but in a private house they increase significantly, which requires cutting of revisions. In addition, in cases where the length of the track exceeds 10m, revision wells should be equipped there.
When laying sewer system In a private house (meaning underground installation), certain distances should be observed to objects and structures, which are discussed in SNiP 2.04.03-85 and SNiP 2.04.01-85.
In order to avoid freezing of the system in the winter period, the pipeline laying should be carried out on the zero point of the freezing of the soil, or below it. But since in some regions of Russia, this limit is deeper than two meters, then in such cases it is often resorted to the installation of thermal insulation.
Pipe laying should be made only on the sand pillow and cover itas shown in the photo in the subtitle. It protects PVC from deformation and damage by sharp stones and metal objects.

Sewage wiring indoor

First of all, it should be firmly assimilated that the scheme of laying the sewage in a private house or in the apartment, that is, in the room, it remains the same in its principle. In the 99% of the most extreme point, the toilet will always be plums - this is a 110-millimeter tube, where the insertion of all other baths is already produced - an example of such a device is shown on the upper scheme.

In any case, at the outlet of the room, whether it is a riser or sun bed, 110 pipe is used, although the diameter may increase on the street or in the basement if other waste systems are connected.

Of course, in the room, the bias is also important - it does not extend except for the washing machine-machine, where the plums are forced - there is even possible confouction, if the features of the room require.

In addition, there may be risers between floors or leading to the main road - here also uses a diameter of 110 mm for polyvinyl chloride. But for the proper distribution of the slopes, you better use the table that I cite below.

Table of optimal and minimum slope for sewage pipes

For docking pipes, turns and transitions to another diameter are used special fittings and rubber reductions - with their help everything is carried out, even the most complex junction. Basically, the sewage layout in the bathroom and the toilet occurs, that is, where most of the plumbing is concentrated, but the insertion from washing and a dishwasher is also added there.

The washing machine can be installed both in the bathroom and in the kitchen and do a separate stock for it is not at all necessary. Currently produce siphons with a special discharge, as shown in the top photo.

By and large, a dishwasher unit can be connected in such a removal, but I personally prefer to do a 32 mm tube for this, cutting it into a 50-millimeter across the tee and rubber reduction - so reliable.

The pipeline to the wall or floor should be fixed with metal or plastic brackets - they are sold in stores for any diameter you need. But such consoles occupy a certain place, and if the wiring is made in the basement or other technical room, which is not necessarily decorated, then this is exactly the fastener.

If you need to hide the pipes, then there are certain inconveniences. Personally, in such cases, I resort to perforated metal tape suspension - I simply attract the pipe to the plane as a clamp - so the space is saved.

It happens that when assembling one tube is very tightly included in the socket of another, the humming of the sealing rubber ring - usually this happens when the elements are connected from different manufacturers.
In such cases, I lubricate the rubber ring with a liquid dishwashing agent, and all problems remain behind.

Underground Pipeline Mounting Outdoor

City and adjacent areas	Depth in cm
Khanty-Mansiysk	240
Novosibirsk, Omsk	220
Ukhta, Tobolsk, Petropavlovsk	210
Orsk, Kurgan	200
Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Ekaterinburg, Perm	190
Orenburg, Ufa, Syktyvkar	180
Kazan, Kirov, Izhevsk	170
Samara, Ulyanovsk	160
Saratov, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod, Kostroma, Vologda	150
Tver, Moscow, Ryazan	140
St. Petersburg, Voronezh, Volgograd	120
Kursk, Smolensk, Pskov	110
Astrakhan, Belgorod	100
Rostov-on-Don	90
Stavropol.	80
Kaliningrad	70
Khanty-Mansiysk	240
Novosibirsk, Omsk	220

Soil freezing table up to 0⁰c in Russia

As you can see from the table above, the depth of the primer of the soil in different regions Russia is very different from each other. Moreover, this indicator may differ in the same area - this change is caused by the height of the site above sea level and condition or type of soil.

Therefore, I recommend using an existing experience to determine the depth of freezing. That is, simply learn from the neighbors or acquaintances, at what depth they have laid water pipes and whether it freezes - it is the best orientation.

As I said, the instruction on the bundle of the pipeline is sometimes too hard due to the level of primerization of the soil in some regions. Therefore, if the route is mounted at a depth of accessible for negative temperatures, you will need thermal insulation - for this, extruded polystyrene foam, foamed polyethylene or mineral wool can be used.

There are also special insulation, which are produced in the form of a shell (with a foil coating or without it) - they can be of two halves, or in the form of the same pipe, but with a longitudinal cut for mounting.

I resort to shells only if the owner of the object wants, since they are quite expensive, although high quality. Much cheaper to make it mineral wool - wind the pipeline, lock your Capron thread, and then close it all the referenced, as a bandage - it is better to fix it with a scotch or wire.

Only the wool here is needed either basalt, or glass - the slags have particles of iron, which rust, why the insulation seats.

You all reduce it, if insulated the track, leave revision wells without insulation, accumulative tanks and septic tank - you will have the curtain sections that will be. For their insulation, you can also use mineral Wat Or foam, but much cheaper to do it with a clay, but it also needs waterproofing for him - just sort out the pankeroid to the pit.

Table of required distances between different objects and sewers

In the third header point about important requirements, I mentioned the ranges of distances that need to withstand between the sewage and various objects and structures - these norms are specified in the table above. But, unfortunately, it is not always possible to clearly adhere to such provisions or it may unreasonably approve your "benevolent" neighbors.

Therefore, you can all arrange it officially, inviting BTI representatives and signing the act of acceptance of the system and internal sewage issues - this will solve such problems.

Stages of laying: 1 - pillow pillow; 2 - put the pipe; 3 - Close it with sand

And now I will tell you how the process of laying a pipeline in a trench itself is happening to a cumulative or running tank - the essence of the process is shown in the photographs at the top. After you dug the trench, you need to pour a sand pillow with a thickness of at least 29 mm and plan it in accordance with the required slope (on the 110-yd pipe18-20 mm / m.

Then they are placing the highway itself, once again check the bias and fall asleep with sand so that the thickness of the layer over the upper wall reaches 5-6 cm - it will not give to sharp stones and metal objects under the pressure of the soil pierce the pipe.

Before pokingle the trench with a soil, you need to make the sand, but because of the tightness of the material it is pretty difficult.
I do differently - I abundantly watering the sand with water, and he immediately sends to the desired state, after which it is possible to paint the soil.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I want to add that the insulation of the pipeline may need not only under the ground, but also in the house if the walls are not thick enough. In addition, thermal insulation does not cancel the sand pillow. But if you have any questions on this topic - ask them in the comments.

July 7, 2016.

If you want to express your gratitude, add clarification or objection to ask the author - add a comment or tell me thanks!

In order to understand how to make sewage in a private house efficient and convenient when operating, it is necessary to understand the classification of systems. Features of their design and maintenance, nuances of installation and the cost of equipment largely determine the choice. Great importance It also has accuracy of performance at all stages.

Types of sewer systems

Classify sewer systems can be classified according to various parameters, first of all by:

method of transportation of effluents on communications,
the type of waste disposal.

Depending on where the drains are sent, the sewage is distinguished:

schemes with insert in centralized systems,
autonomous systems with individual drives or utilizers.

Depending on the method of transportation of drains, systems differ:

self-sewn sewage (movement in pipelines is carried out due to their oblique position),
pressure sewage (drainage of drains using pumping equipment),
combined sewers that combine the features of pressure and samotane systems.

The cheapest to establish a sewage system in which wastewater moves gravity, however, in some cases the layout of the site is such that the skyline of the sewage is higher than the place where the house is located. Pour pipes with a necessary bias in such a situation is impossible in the same way as if there is a stony soil, which does not allow to perform a significant blowing of the pipeline.

In such cases, fecal or drainage pumps are used, however, to ensure the movement of the drain with patching equipment throughout the sewer system in the private house inexpediently. Most often optimal decision It is a combination of pressure and samotane sites in one canalization system.

Types of recyclars

Before starting the installation and laying of sewage, with your own hands in a private house, the system is design and first choose the disposal method.

All possible options in this regard can be divided into two types:

(cesspools),
claimed facilities (depending on the type of device, cleaning can be performed completely and partially, in the second case it will take periodic pumping of the remaining waste).

Note: There is another seasalization option - in which part of the drain is drained into the soil. But such a design can only be used with a small amount wastewater, less than 1 cubic meter per day, and most often arranged at dachas or in country houses with periodic accommodation and low groundwater.

Different designs can be selected as a cleaning facility for a private house.

Septica It is less and performing partial cleaning of wastewater. For them, additional primer cleaning may be required (reducing the content of impurities in water during its drainage) and pumping or pumped components after partial decomposition of impurities and settling wastewater.
Bioochet stations - These are expensive and rather large facilities with a complex technical equipment and the need to connect to power. After the cleaning cycle, the sewer strokes are converted into a safe and suitable water watering water (up to 98% of impurities removal) and fertile IL (it can be applied as a fertilizer).

Important: The volume of sewage treatment plant is calculated by the formula: the number of living multiplies is multiplied by 200 liters and all this is multiplied by 3.

Inner part of the sewer system

Installation of local sewage in a private house includes not only the choice and construction (installation) of the utilizer and the flow of interlocks, but also the internal layout device with the installation of the necessary equipment.

The main elements of the inside of the sewage system are:

plumbing equipment
household water consuming aggregates (including dishwashers and washing machines),
pipes (in most cases, 32-50 mm products are used, and for the toilet bowl is 110 mm).

Reception, collection and transportation of wastewater from household aggregates and plumbers are carried out using pipes. Their styling can be made in various ways.

With open installation, communication is fixed to the floors, walls and ceilings using.
When laying pipes inclosed method Pipes are mounted inside the walls, as well as in floors under the floor.

The installation method is chosen depending on the design of the building, the requirements of the plug-in units (in some cases the hidden liner is unacceptable), as well as taking into account the aesthetic considerations and convenience of service.

To ensure the free current of the contents of the sewage and prevent the appearance of the blocks, it is necessary to install pipes with a specific slope. This value depends on the diameter of the pipes.

For a diameter of 50 mm, the optimal bias is 3.0 cm per meter of the highway.
For diameter 110 mm, this value is 2.0 cm, respectively.
For 125 mm - 1.5 cm.

There are certain rules that must be observed when installing internal sewage.

When connected to the standing of the plumbing equipment, the outlet of the unit should always be located above the location of the removal in the riser.
Pipelines are stacked in no longer 10 meters, otherwise the detection and elimination of defects (leaks, blockages) will be difficult.
The connection of the taps with risers is performed using fittings (crossbars or tees).
Connecting the taps to the rectilinear areas of pipelines is always carried out under oblique angles, the turns at a right angle are performed by two fittings at 45 °, which allows minimizing the possibility of blockage appearance.

As a riser, a vertically installed tube is used, the diameter of which is more than 110 mm (should not be less than the largest removal, which is usually a 110-millimeter removal from the toilet). The riser is necessarily equipped with an audit hatch, which is placed at an altitude of 1 m from the floor level. Distance from toilet bowl to the riser is a maximum of 1 meter.

The connection of the inside with external communications is carried out using a release that represents protective sleeve and passing through the foundation of the cut pipe, the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the riser.

The diameter of the sleeve should be about 150 mm, and its edges should go beyond the foundation from both sides by 100-150 mm

System Ventilation System

Ventilation of the internal sewage system ensures the removal of the resulting gases and air flow to fill the system. With intense plum (large volume or flow rate), low pressure zones are formed in pipelines. In the presence of effective ventilation, such a space is quickly filled with air, the pressure balance is restored. Otherwise, the system will "suck" the air through the siphons located near the plumbing. As a result, the operation of the system will be accompanied by loud sounds and appearance unpleasant odors in room.

Internal sewage ventilation is carried out with a fan tubewhich constructively represents the continuation of the riser (with a large area of \u200b\u200bthe house and scattered, at different ends, installed by plumbing, it is advisable to install several risers and, accordingly, several fan pipes).

It is displayed on the roof through heated inner space so that its edge is located above the pipes of heating devices and the output of the total ventilation system of the house.

Fan (ventilating) pipe is a continuation of the sewage riser and goes to the roof

Those who are interested in how to make the sewage in a private house with their own hands, it is useful to know that the presence of a fan pipe for one-story buildings is not necessarily according to established rulesHowever, such a supplement significantly increases the efficiency and ease of use of the system.

External communications

For the outside of the sewer system, it is important to choose the right tubes.

Construction of sewage in a private house is usually carried out using PVC pipes, ordinary or corrugated products. With a short weight, they are strong enough and able to withstand temperature differences. Moreover, polymer materials Absolutely immune to corrosion.

The depth of trenches for laying the outer pipes of the sewage should be greater than the level of soil freezing. If this condition is impossible to do this condition, it is worth thinking about how to make the insulation of sewage in a private house with your own hands. Usually for these purposes use heat insulation materials, for example, energyflex or extruded polystyrene foam. More expensive option - laying next to the pipeline of the heating electrical cable.

As in the case of internal communications, the efficiency and reliability of the outer part of the sewage depends on the provision of the necessary magnitude of the slope towards the drive or utilization. If the diameter of the tube is 110 mm, the optimal angle of inclination will be 2 cm for each meter of communication.

When choosing a place for the sewage treatment plant on the site you need to follow certain rules for sewage distance from various objects

Unpleasant odor and its elimination

The appearance of the sewer smell indoors indicates a violation of the system.

In order to protect your home from such phenomena, it's a little to know how to make a sewage in a country house, you need to provide high-quality system maintenance, be able to determine and eliminate defects in a timely manner.

The appearance of the smell of sewage in the house is most often due to an increase in pressure in sewage communications. Under its action, the gases are displaced into the space room. As the elimination measures, it is recommended to hold a set of events:

install on the instruments of siphons with hydraulic assets,
clean the pipes (overlapping traffic clearance - one of the most common causes of violations in work, and with incomplete overlap, such a plug may not produce its presence anything other than smell).

The smell may also appear as a result of the tightness of the sealing system. Check carefully all the locations of the connections and eliminate even small leakage.

In order for the wastewater removal system flawlessly, it is necessary to take into account several nuances in its arrangement. We will tell us today what sewage is for a private house, how to install it correctly and what errors should be avoided.

Wiring pipe

Sewage wiring is one of the most complex processes, so its arrangement should be given close attention. Its assembly must fully comply with the requirements of SNiP.

Installation of the sewage system is produced in stages:
First fit release (pipe connecting the external street and domestic system);

Device release

Next is mounted riser - central pipe, located vertically; To facilitate maintenance, it is better if he is in the house one; As a rule, it is located in the utility rooms or toilet; should not be mounted in residential rooms or kitchen; It is installed openly or stacked in a special mine;

The latter are connected tapsstarting with the cross only up the squabs; At the same time, the toilet to the riser is connected only to a separate tube 100-110 mm, the remaining devices can be connected to a single overall liner with thin pipes of 50 mm.

Council. To facilitate the entry of pipes in the fasteners, you can use liquid soap.

Installation of release

1. For it, it is better to mount a special hole in the construction of the house. If it is not, then the foundation is made of a hole for 200-250 mm wider than the diameter of the pipe.

2. Hole waterproof With bitumen mastic.

3. A special sleeve is inserted into it (segment with a diameter of 20-40 mm more output pipes). It serves to prevent the destruction of the main pipeline. The sleeve should perform from the foundation on both sides by 150 mm.

4. The withdrawal tube is stacked in the sleeve. The space between them is carefully filled with foam.

5. With an orange sewer pipe of the sleeve connects skit Trimika (tee 45 °) and thaw.

Sewage crosses, tees and taps

Angle of slope

Since wastewater pass through the pipes by gravity, to avoid blockages, it is necessary to properly determine the angle of their slope. It is calculated based on the diameter of the pipeline. And for each plumbing device, it is selected separately:

40-55 mm - from 3%;

85-100 mm - from 2%.

Naturally, the farther the device is from the riser, the greater the slope should be increased. Suppose the drain pit is located 200 m from the riser itself. To obtain the desired angle of inclination, the pipe at a height of 60 mm should be shifted.

The angle of tilt pipe

Council. When choosing pipes for sewage, note that street tubes are always painted in orange, and the pipes intended for installation indoors are in gray.

Installation of riser

1. He is going only down up. For such a pipe in overlaps and roof, the corresponding openings are prepared. To reduce the noise of the passage of water from the wall or the shoes, 20 mm should be retreated.

2. The riser is mounted only strictly vertical. Minor retreats are allowed to 2 mm for every 2 m.

3. So that the joints do not interfere with the passage of fluid, the rasystems are mounted from above.

4. When collecting, gradually connect side Taps And revision hatches. For this, oblique tees and crosses are used.

5. When connecting the taps of the pipes passing parallel to the floor, fit into special support.

System of the sewer system

6. Excessive turns of the pipes should be avoided if it is impossible to do without them, it is better to use two tees at 45 °, and even better three to 30 °; If you choose one of 90 °, then waste will be in it stagnate; In addition, when connecting at a right angle, the pressure in the riser will be the limit, which will lead to excessive noise in room.

Council. Since the blockages occur most often in places of turns, next to them, be sure to pride the revision or observation hatches.

7. The stand of the riser is fixed on the clamps that should be located under the conversion. The distance between the clamps is up to 4 m. In order not to damage the system, the holes for them should be prepared in advance or when they prepare for the time to disassemble the riser.

Scheme assembly standing

Extraction arrangement

In order to avoid sinks to the room at the bottom of all plumbing devices (shells, toilet bowls, etc.), a curved tube is envisaged - hydraulic. However, during the intensive use of sewage in the rudder, discharge is sometimes formed. In this case, the "gap of the hydraulication" arises - gases without water resistance begin to penetrate the house.

To avoid this, it is necessary to provide for their removal into the atmosphere. Fan pipe for ventilation of the sewer system is output through the roof. Its diameter is always equal to the diameter of the main pipe. If the fan tube passes through an unwanted attic room, it must be insulated.

With a small bandwidth of the sewage canalization equipment is allowed without exhaust. However, in this case, the riser must end with a clear or revision hatch.

Auditing hatch and holes for cleaning (equipped with a plug)

Basic layout rules

So that during operation, there never arise with sewage problems, it should be guided by the following rules when it is established:

To prevent the splash of impurities, the whole plumbing connects above toilet bowl;

In order to avoid breaks, strong beggars are not allowed and unnecessarily cool turns of pipes;

Installation of the sewer system

pipe diameter It is selected equal to or slightly large than the size of the greatest pipe from the plumbing device;

If there is a toilet bowl in the house diameter of general riser must be greater or at least equal to 100 mm - the diameter of the toilet pipe;

The eyeliner should not exceed the meter; from other plumbing devices allowed side length up to 3 m; If for some reason it is done more, then its diameter increases to the size of a common riser (not less than 100 mm); In order not to increase its diameter, you can equip the vacuum valve at its upper end;

To maintain the system should provide revision hatches and soils for cleaning; They should be placed every 10 m;

So that in the winter pipes do not penetrate, in the field of passing them under the ground they should be carefully heat.

It is difficult to imagine a country cottage without a civilian toilet and a cozy bathroom. But not every village is equipped with a waste collection system. Therefore, the sewerage in a private house is performed separately. Do not know what to choose the system? This article will tell about all the features of the sewerage in a private house.

We described possible ways to organize the collection of waste, identified their features of arrangement and application. And also led to step-by-step instruction on the preparation of the project, the installation of the sewer pipeline, the installation of the septic and the drainage well.

There are several types of waste collection systems: central, accumulative, draining, filtration.

Central. The waste pipe of the house is connected to the common sewer network, which organic waste is collected in the urban manifold.

Depending on the distance of the central pipeline to the house, a decision is made on the feasibility of using the autonomous or central sewage system.

Accumulative system - Modern prototype. The main difference is the complete tightness of the waste collection point. It can be: concrete, brick, metal, plastic. To do this, at a distance removed from the residential structure, the ditch is digging for the container.

The principle of the accumulative system is reduced to reset organic compounds In hermetic container. When it is filled, the contents roll out asshenizatorsky machine.

This scheme of the device of individual sewage in the private house was widely popular due to low cost.

Fitting ventilation pipe

The exhaust sewage system is designed to balance the negative pressure inside the pipeline. Due to the connection of sewage pipes with the atmosphere, the system is aligned.

The ventilation system uses:

air valve.

Fan extract It is a continuation of the central riser. It is removed over the ridge of the roof at a distance of 30-50 cm. To protect against precipitation, the deflector is attached to the output, which further enhances the thrust.

Installing the fan extractor for a private cottage is extremely notoperative. Such a system will require the insulation of the pipeline, as well as the selection of a separate ventilation box in partitions.

Air valve – perfect option. It is easy to assemble into the pipeline. The device is installed directly indoors. The valve is equipped with a soft rubber membrane that passes the air only inside.

For a two-storey house, one device is enough. The valve is mounted on the second floor.

Connection diagram of waste water discharge points to the central pipe. The difference in the height of the dishwasher and toilet outflow is determined by the total inclination of the pipeline

Step number 3 - Installation Septic

If it is decided to make a system of sewage in a private house with your own hands, then it is better to install a septic tank made of concrete rings or a ready-made plastic reservoir.

The volume of the tank for collecting and nonying organic waste is determined by the calculation. Be sure to add an additional cube. The punch point of the pipe is located at a distance of 2/3 of the top edge of the septica, so it is not filled with the top.

Soft pit

First of all, you need to dig three pits to install tanks. To save time and financial costs, two settling tanks are advisable to combine into one.

The bottom of the jumped pit is worth strengthening with a concrete base. On the ground, the concrete is impossible to lay, so pour a crushed stone layer, 20 cm thick.

For the base device, a formwork is exhibited from the construction board. It is necessary to fix it with reinforcement on an external and internal perimeter.

The composition of the mixture is the same as for the fill of the foundation. At the same time, be sure to put the knitted grid as the reinforcing element. Cement is better to take M500 brands, since the weight of the filled capacity will be great.

After the base hardens, and this will not happen earlier than in 3 weeks, go to the installation of drives.

Using the crane in the dug hole is installed. When the first link is laid, the junction with the base should be missed cement mortar or tiled glue. So you will achieve tightness.

Do the same with subsequent rings. Before installing the second and third, the joints are pre-apply a layer of solution. After mounting all the links again, handle the joints inside the container. When the tank is installed, a brick partition is made inside.

Mounted for cleaning. The horizontal partition is performed by a concrete slab with holes for plastic covers.

The last step is all internal surfaces of two tanks.

It is worth it in mind that the outlet from the first container should be 10 cm below than the first is the inlet of the house.

The angle of inclination is determined by the same parameters as for home wiring: when the diameter of the pipe is 110 mm, the difference of heights by 1 m is 20 mm.

Installation circuit draining septic with two hermetic tanks. The presence of the second container allows filtering water from the sludge and other contaminants.

So that the tilt of the pipe corresponds to the standards, the inlet of the second sump is lowered by 10 cm relative to the first one.

On the top of the tanks, as well as the insulation of the insulation of the cleaning hatches, the insulation is attached. Clear or viewing hatches are installed right above the bypass pipes so that they can be cleaned.

No concrete base device is required. Here, the soil under the rings should pass water and delay the sewage.

Therefore, a sand-chicken pillow is poured on the bottom of the pit. The thicker layer of rubble, the longer the well will perform its functions. After 5 years, you will have to replace the top layer of rubble to a new one, because the old will be laid.

Follow the level. When installing the first ring on crushed stone, one edge can squeeze. If this happened, just lift the link to the link and align the level.

The kershes of the rings should be treated with a solution to achieve tightness. The waterproofing device and the observation hatch occurs by analogy with the sump.

Organization of ventilation septica

Installation ventilation pipes For septicists is justified only in the case of using aerobic bacteria. They absorb the air sharply, which is served through the hood.

Another variety of biological bacteria are anaerobes. The process of their livelihoods flows without oxygen.

It is important not to confuse these two concepts, as some anaerobes die if there is air in the medium.

The settling tanks are added. Bacteria completely recycle the organic in water. In practice, it is possible to achieve such an effect only when installing complex filtration systems, but still need to be used. Therefore, install a pipe for ventilation in both sumps.

A sewer pipe from PVC for external use is derived from each container through the lid. At the end, a deflector is installed.

Step number 4 - Gasket of the central pipe

A sewer pipe that displays uncleans from the house, it is assigned to the base for a distance of 5 m. The pipeline for outdoor use is painted with orange. Such a product is different from "homely" pipes with thicker walls. Permissible laying depth - 3 m.

On the bottom of the dug pit, as well as on top of the stacked tube, the sand layer is 8-10 cm. To ensure the best removal of organic sewage from the house in the septic tanks, the pipe must go on one line. Turns of the central flow categorically impossible to allow.

Alternatives to drainage septic

A modern device, allowing to clean the wastewater by 90% or more, is a deep cleaning station.

Biological filtering devices are equipped with three degrees of cleaning $

biological purification by bacteria;
mechanical filtering with grids;
final cleaning with chemical compounds.

It will not work independently install such sewage. The stations are available in a single container divided into several compartments. The device is energy-dependent.

Compressor installation injected air into aerobic compartment for increased bacterial life. Percentage of water purification, depending on the model septic

When the power is disconnected, the bacteria will continue their livelihoods up to two days. After this period, the installation loses its effectiveness. For the cultivation of a new culture will take several days

Deep purification of organics allows the use of spent water for watering plants. This establishes a storage tank with the pump.

It is advisable to apply deep cleaning stations when the groundwater is too close to the ground surface. Also, if on the plot of clay soil, natural drainage will be difficult.

In addition to the biological septicity, a hermetic reservoir can be served from the situation. It will often have to turn off, but you will not have other problems.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The subtleties of the sewage arrangement are set forth by the author of the video, which is engaged in laying sewer pipes:

About the device Septica from concrete rings will be speech in the following video:

The sewage device in a private house is an important stage of construction. Even at the design stage, the owner should think over the future design of septicists, their location, as well as the filtering system.

The comfort of all living in the house will depend on the proper arrangement of the sewer system, therefore, with doubts, its arrangement is better to entrust specialists.

From this article, you can find out how to sewage in a private house with your own hands: a scheme, on the basis of which the construction of a waste system is performed, its phased production with useful advice and recommendations of specialists, information on the laying of the pipeline and related procedures. Overview of popular types of sewerage, their features, specificity for country sites and rates for them.

Unlike urban apartments, not every private or country house has the presence of all communication systems. Therefore, owners of such housing are forced to perform their gasket on their own to ensure the elementary conditions of comfort. If the organization of this system, along with water, is initially laid in a building project, then there should be no problems with their construction. It is much more difficult if you have to include a circuit of a sewage system in a private house, which is ready.

The simplest option to implement such an idea will be the project in which shell and souls are installed inside the building, and the toilet is beyond it outside. In this case, you can do without complex work on laying the pipeline, as well as the installation of sewage treatment plants. This scheme assumes the removal of a sewage pipe from home and putting it to the sewage pit.

The second option is more complicated, since the toilet, shower and sink in this case are inside the building. If you fulfill incorrect calculations or disrupt system construction technology, the risk of pollution of the site and water located nearby, waste, appears. In such situations, without septic, you can not do.

Helpful advice! Experts recommend placing the premises of the toilet, bathroom and kitchen nearby. Due to this, you can organize a single collector, thanks to which the waste fluid will be directed to the waste hole or septic tank.

How to choose a sewage scheme for a private one-storey house

To correctly select the sewage system and the scheme for its creation, the following factors should be taken into account:

is there a house for permanent or temporary residence;
the level of groundwater running;
the number of people living in the house on an ongoing basis;
daily water consumption taking into account the needs of residents and household appliances such as dishwasher or washing machine;
climatic conditions;
area cottage plot to determine the available zones for the installation of the cleansing system;
type of soil and features of its structure;
regulatory prescriptions SNiP.

Conditionally existing sewage systems can be divided into two categories: accumulative and cleansing. A more detailed classification will allow you to select the system type that corresponds to the operational conditions, since even the same type of schemes may have significant differences.

The cesspool is most often used for sites with a house used for temporary accommodation, for example, just a week per month. It is not spent a large number of water. Important condition It is not higher than 1 m from the bottom of the pit. Otherwise, water pollution by drains is inevitable. This type of sewer system is rarely used in modern construction.

The capacity of the accumulative type is used to build sewerage in a private house with a high groundwater level. Since the tank is sealed, there is no risk of soil pollution by waste. However, this system has shortcomings. First, additional costs associated with the need to call an asserenitarian machine for periodic shinking of wastewater. Secondly, the scheme will have to provide for a place to enter this technique to the site and its placement.

Types of sewers in a private house do it yourself: photos and features of septic

Single-chamber septic tanks are the simplest soil cleansing systems. The principle of action is largely similar to cesspools. The scheme is suitable if the soil waters run no high. If the house is used for permanent residence And the active use of water occurs, it is not recommended to use a single-chamber septicity scheme for the construction of sewage.

Two-chamber septic tanks are also dependent on the level of groundwater level. It is desirable that they laid at least 1 m below the system.

Helpful advice! So that the sewage in the form of a two-chamber septica function normally, sand and crushed stone is recommended, which was used during construction, change every 5 years.

Septic tanks with biological filters are considered best systems Sewerage in a private house where people live on a permanent basis. For waste recycling, special microorganisms are applied, which are poured into restrictions on such a sewerage, only it is necessary to connect to the electrical network.

Septic with a field of filtration performs two methods of purification - soil and biological. The tank is divided into two sections. Installation of such sewage is possible only if the groundwater is running at a minimum at a depth of 2.5-3 m. For construction, a significant amount of free area will be required. And to neighboring buildings, as the nearest water sources should not be less than 30 m.

Aerotenks or systems with forced air supply are very expensive, but thanks to their advantages, the funds spent are justified. Such structures are not limited to the installation, however, require the availability of a power source and constant presence of people. The minimum price of sewerage for a private house with a setting in this case is approximately 4,000 dollars.

How to make a sewer in a private house yourself

The construction of any communications should be carried out on a predetermined and approved project. Such a project usually has a scheme for creating an internal and external laying of sewage in a private house with your own hands.

The internal system includes:

risers;
highway;
connection zones Plumbing devices.

Plumbing devices include objects such as a shower cabin, not having a pallet, bath, sink and toilet. The internal system ends with an outlet nozzle. This element is placed at the level of the foundation part of the building.

With the arrangement of the external sewage in the country, the scheme of this section of the system should be present to the outer pipeline, which ensures the drainage of the building from the building, as well as cumulative or cleansing equipment. When the project is ready and approved, you can determine the optimal diameter and size of pipes, as well as the amount of material necessary for operation. In the same stage, the sewer collector is selected.

Helpful advice! In the process of construction, it is better to rely on the requirements of regulatory documents. Snaps will help to determine how to spend the sewage in a private house, as well as eliminate errors in the design process.

Choosing a place for installation Septica for the sewering of a country house with their own hands

When the sewage arrangement is extremely important, the selection of septic installation is extremely important. The following factors affect its placement:

depth of groundwater shutoff;
relief features of the site (since the movement of water inside the system is carried out by gravity, the bias of the territory should be taken into account);
soil freezing level in winter;
placing sources drinking water;
the structure of the soil.

Sand soils have a loose structure. Due to this, the liquid can easily pass through the soil, therefore there is a possibility of groundwater pollution by waste.

When installing a septic structure, it is important to adhere to certain requirements:

The distance from the residential building is at least 5 m.
Removal from the source of drinking water (well) - 30 m.
The distance from the green plantings is at least 3 m.

In addition, you will need to equip the area for the arrival of the association equipment.

Arrangement of internal sewage for a private house: how to organize work

On the internal sewage scheme in a private house, you need to mark all the points of the system. First, the installation of the central riser is performed. The optimal diameter of the pipe is 110 mm. So that the gases be easily left the room, it is necessary to install a riser so that its upper part is shown in the attic or performed above the roof level of the building. The central riser should be placed at a distance of at least 4 m from the windows of the building.

Next, the horizontal pipeline is carried out. Installing auditing hatches will allow you to control the system status and perform it in a timely manner. These elements need to be placed in the lowest sewage point and above the toilet.

For each plumbing device, it is necessary to provide a siphon with a water shutter. This will eliminate the entry of unpleasant odors to the room. In the process of laying the sewage in a private house, it is recommended to avoid turns at an angle of 90 °. These elements complicate the movement.

The nozzle coming from the toilet is connected to the system directly. To do this, it is better to use a pipe with a minimum diameter of 100 mm. For bathtubs and sinks, you can take a smaller pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. The mains should be placed at an angle that will ensure the movement of the fluid. The foundation also needs to make a blank for a hole for the output of the system. On this pipe, it is necessary to install the check valve, which will prevent the sewage back into the system.

Helpful advice! If it is not possible to eliminate the turns of 90 °, the rotary zone of the pipeline can be made of two angular parts of 45 °.

Sewage installation technique in private house with your own hands: Preparing for installation Septic

The design is a two-chamber collector, the sections of which are combined with each other with a overflow pipe. To begin with, it is pulled by a cutting depth of 3 m of the required volume, taking into account the number of permanent tenants in the house. It can be generated manually or using special equipment (excavator). At the bottom it is necessary to organize a sandy pillow with a thickness of up to 15 cm.

Then formed on the basis of a chipboard or boards formwork design. It must be strengthened at the expense of the reinforcing belt, which is made of metal rods. The bandage is carried out using steel wire. After that, you need to perform two holes in the formwork and make the installation of pipe cutting. Thus, it turns out the logging zones of the system and the overflow pipe connecting the section.

The formwork design is concreted. In order for the solution to distribute evenly, you need to use the vibration tool. Septic must be monolithic, so poured once.

Article on the topic:

Overview of existing methods for cleaning waste household waste. The principle of operation of various sewer devices.

Instructions for the installation of external sewage: arrangement of two-chamber septic

The bottom of the first compartment should be formalized due to the pouring of concrete. As a result, the hermetic section should be obtained, which will be used as a sump. Here will be separated by solid large fractions that will settle at the bottom. From above, the clarified partially purified water will accumulate. Due to the connecting pipe, it will fall into the next compartment.

Helpful advice! The use of aerobic bacteria will increase the decomposition of solid particles.

There is no need to organize the bottom in the second compartment. Section is made on the basis of monolithic walls. Suitable and laid one on top of another. The recommended diameter size is 1-1.5 m. At the bottom of the compartment, a thick cushion is formed from sedimentary rocks, which performs the function of the filter for the effluent. For these purposes, pebbles are suitable, crushed stone, gravel.

Between the two compartments, the overflow pipe is installed. Angle of inclination of 30 mm for each raman meter. This pipe is placed at the level of the upper third. Most often, the owners of summer cottages during the installation of sewage in a private house use a two-section design, although you can equip a septic tank with 4 compartments that will ensure the best cleaning level.

Overlapping for septica can also be made with your own hands. For this, formwork and concrete is applied. Alternatively, you can use plates from reinforced concrete. The installation of the viewing hatch is required, which allows you to control the exhaust and fill sections. Then the kitty should be filled with soil or sand. Cleansing the sump should be performed every 2-3 years.

Organization of sewage layout for a private house: how to pave the pipeline

From the zone, where the sewer nozzle comes out of the foundation and the highway should be laid before the septic. The pipeline should be located under the slope, due to which the flow of waste water will be ensured. The larger the pipes in the diameter, the smaller angle of inclination will be required for the full work of the highway. The average is 2 °.

In the diagram, the depth of laying sewage in a private house with their own hands should be located below the level of primer of the soil in winter. The average is 1 m. In the warm regions there is no need for a large pipe shovel, it will be enough 0.7 m. If the house is in the cold region, the depth rate should be increased to 1.5 m. At the bottom of the trench, before laying the pipes you need to form a dense sand Pillow, good ramming it. This procedure will allow reliably to fix the pipes and prevent the destruction of the highway during the seasonal mixing of the soil.

The most optimal for the country area will be the layout of the straight line from the house to the collector. If there is a need for this, you can rotate. In this place, you can install an observation well. For work, pipes made of cast iron or plastic are suitable for external sewage. Recommended diameter - 110 mm. All joints of the joints should be hermetic. The trench with the paved pipe is first filled with sand, and then soil.

Helpful advice! If the trenches under the installation of the pipeline are shallow, the highway must be additionally insulated using thermal insulation materials.

Features of the construction of country sewage without pumping

Systems that do not require pumping are usually represented by the structures of two- or three-chamber septones operating simultaneously. If the system has two tanks, no less ¾ design is given to the settling tank, for three-chamber - half. In the first section there is a sedimentation of heavy fractions. As it filling it, the fluid is overflowing into the second compartment, where light particles are separated. In the third section, water is fully purified from the drain and is fed to the drainage well or the filtering field. It is important that two tanks are hermetic.

This type of system also needs pumping, but not so frequent as in the case of a conventional septic. This is done using a drainage or fecal pump for sewage, the price of which depends on the manufacturer and power and varies in the range of 2700-25000 rubles. This equipment is used to remove a precipitate accumulating in a sump.

The frequency of the procedure affects the composition of wastewater and the size of the tank. The design is cleaned when the altitude of the altitude reaches the level of overflow. For six months, about 60-90 liters of sediment accumulates in the reservoir. Based on this data and capacity, you can approximate how much time between cleaning.

To find out the desired amount of septicism without pumping, the daily rate of water consumption per person (200 L) is multiplied by the number of tenants and to add another 20% to the resulting result. If the level of groundwater running is high, on the bottom of the pit it is recommended to perform a concrete tie or put to enhance the concrete slab.

The deepening in the ground is broken down taking into account the size of the septic tank. This is added at least 20 cm on each side, and better even more. Laying pipes is carried out on a sandy pillow in a similar way with a slope for a depth of 0.7-0.8 m.

Construction of sewage in a private house: price for installation

Installation price Septic turnkey is formed taking into account:

features of earthworks, such as the formation of a pit or the supply trench;
the need for the construction of a system exercising soil doctor;
the cost of laying the sewerage per meter in the ground (depends on the type of pipes and the length of the highway, the average price is 35-65 rubles. for 1 m);
installation of necessary equipment;
the need for the construction of an additional system for the leading of purified drain, etc.

Most often, if the installation of septic equipment turnkey is performed, 2-3 people are involved in the work. Since the design of the design is carried out manually, there is no need to apply specialized heavy machinery. As a result, the landscape remains untouched, and the owner of the site appears a chance to save significantly. Without changes to the participation, it is not necessary if the sewage is carried out by the land. The price for meters of work performed is included in the overall turnkey work.

Helpful advice! So that the elements of the system are not shifted during the installation and did not float, it is recommended to perform the procedure for concreting the case.

If there are soils that do not have filter properties like sand in the country area, assembly work will increase significantly in price. Such soil refers loam and clay. To ensure normal conditions for the full functioning of the system on the territory will have to form a bulk type filtering field.

Caliation installation price in a private turnkey house:

Septic model	price, rub.
Tank	from 18700.
Cedar	from 79900.
Uni-SEP	from 56000.
Topbio	from 111700.

Caliation arrangement in the bath do-it-yourself: Step by step guide

As in the case of a residential building, the canalization of the bath includes an internal and external system. Even if a dry steam room is equipped in the construction, the liquid is removed from the shower. The water collection system depends on how the floors are mounted. The diagram of the sewage is entered into the Bani project at the development stage and is laid in the initial stage of construction even before the floors are equipped.

If the installation of wooden floors from the boards is supposed, then the elements can be placed closely or with small gaps. If the coating is installed tightly, the floors are formed with a slope of one wall to another. Next, you should find the lowest point at the wall and leave the gap in this place, where the chute will be installed (also with a slope). At the lowest point of its placement, a connection is made with a sewage tube with a pipe.

Important! If the bathing diagram suggests the collection of fluids from several rooms, including from the toilet, it is necessary to install a riser with ventilation.

If the wooden flooring will be made with the slits, there must be small gaps between the boards (5 mm). Under the floor there is a concrete base with a bias to the central part of the room. In this zone, the chute and sewer pipe will be mounted. Instead of the base from concrete, you can put metal pallets under wooden flooring. If the floors of bulk or tile, at the lower point of the slope, the installation of a water bearing ladder is performed, which takes the drains into the pipe.

Step by step guide to the construction of sewage in the bath do-it-yourself

To install sewer tubes, you need to form ditches with a slope of 2 cm per 1 m. Their depth - 50-60 cm. At the bottom of these trenches, a pillow should be made. For this, the sand layer is poured with a thickness of 15 cm and is thoroughly tamped. At the same time, do not forget about the slope.

Next, the installation of the sewage highway is performed. Polypropylene pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are stacked in the trenches. If necessary, the sewer riser is equipped. It must be fixed on the wall with the help of clamps. Be sure to organize ventilation. When the system is ready, the installation of an outdoor coating is carried out by one of the previously discussed methods.

Upon completion of all the work, the lattice and lattices provided for by the project are connected to the system in the established locations. In the zone where the water receiver connects to the withdrawing pipe, it is desirable to install the siphon. It will prevent the penetration of smells from the sewage back to the room. Most often, the ladders are equipped with built-in hydraulic assets.

You can find a gutter made of asbestos cement, plastic or cast iron. It is not recommended to use wood products and steel, because They quickly destroy under the influence of moisture. The minimum permissible diameter of the gutter is 5 cm. If the project provides for the presence of a toilet or other sanitary equipment, installation and connection is performed. On this work on the organization of internal sewage ends. The external system is performed by the method described earlier, and can be a septic tank or drainage well.

Construction of sewage in a private house: Ventilation scheme in a bath

Air exchange in the bath can be organized in various ways. Each of them has its own characteristics and advantages. After studying the specifics of each method, you can pick up the most the best way For a bath.

The first method involves the creation of a hole intended for the supply of fresh air. It should be placed behind a stove-stone at an altitude of 0.5 m from the floor level. Exhaust air will be output through the hole from the opposite side. It must be placed at an altitude of 0.3 m from the floor. To enhance the movement of air flows on the output hole, you need to install an exhaust fan. All holes are closed with lattices.

Helpful advice! The lower the ventilation extract will be located, the more intense the air exchange process will occur. It is important not to overdo it in this plan with the parillery, otherwise there will be a significant leakage of heat.

The second method implies the placement of both holes in the same plane. In this case, the works will affect the wall opposite to the one where the oven is. The retractable channel is placed at an altitude of 0.3 m from the floor level, at a similar distance from the ceiling, you need to pull the exhaust hole and install the fan in it. Channels are closed with lattices.

The third method is suitable for flooring, where the boards are laid with gaps for removing fluid. The inlet is made at a height of 0.3 m from the floor on the wall behind the stove. In this case, the installation of the output channel will not need, since the spent air will go out through the slots between the boards.

Arrangement of autonomous sewage in a private house with your own hands: video and recommendations

As a material for the manufacture of autonomous sewers, polypropylene is used, characterized by slight weight, environmental friendliness, strength and high thermal conductivity. Purification of the effluent is carried out by certain types of bacteria that feed on organic waste. Access of oxygen - a prerequisite for the life of these microorganisms. Price autonomous sewage In a private house, much higher than the cost of arranging the usual septic.

This is due to the numerous advantages of autonomous type systems:

high level cleaning stock;
a unique system of aeration cleaning;
lack of service costs;
lack of need for additional acquisition of microorganisms;
compact dimensions;
lack of need to call an assessing machine;
the possibility of installing with high groundwater levels;
lack of odors;
long service life (up to 50 cm).

How much will cost the construction of sewage in a private house: turnkey price

The capabilities of autonomous sewers Yunulos Astra 5 and TaPas 5 are considered the most optimal for country sites. These designs are reliable, they are able to provide comfortable accommodation and necessary household amenities for residents country house. These manufacturers offer other, no less effective models.

The average price of autonomous sewers Topa:

Name	price, rub.
Topp 4.	77310
Toppan-C 5	80730
Topman 5.	89010
Toppa-C 8	98730
Toppa-s 9	103050
Topa 8.	107750
Top prem 15.	165510
Topaero 3.	212300
Topaero 6.	341700
Topaero 7.	410300

Note! Features of the autonomous sewerage of Astra, Topa, Biotan and others listed in the tables of models allow you to perform deep biological cleaning of the plots. This indicator in some cases reaches 98%. As a result of processing, stocks turn into transparent water with a small admixture of il.

The average price of autonomous sewers Yunilos:

Name	price, rub.
Astra 3.	66300
Astra 4.	69700
Astra 5.	76670
Astra 8.	94350
Astra 10.	115950
Scarab 3.	190000
Scarab 5.	253000
Scarab 8.	308800
Scarab 10.	573000
Scarab 30.	771100

The tables indicate the standard cost of the system. The final price of the installation of autonomous sewering turnkey is formed, taking into account the rates for the gasket of the outer pipeline and other points affecting earth and installation work as a whole.

The average price of autonomous type of tank:

Name	price, rub.
Biotank 3.	40000
Biotank 4.	48500
Biotank 5.	56000
Biotank 6.	62800
Biotank 8.	70150

Autonomous Sewer Installation Tips on the Dacha

As in any other system, the installation of the pipeline is recommended to be carried out under the tilt from the house toward the purification tank. The optimal angle is from 2 to 5 ° for each meter. If you do not adhere to this requirement, the full-fledged discharge of autonomous sewage drainage for giving will become impossible.

During the laying of the highway, you should take care of a reliable fixation of its elements. To eliminate the risk of deformation of pipes and displacement during the soil drawdown, it is necessary to thoroughly at the bottom of the trenches. If you perform the fill of the bottom of the concrete, it will turn out a more reliable fixed base. In the process of installing pipes, it is advisable to stick to the direct trajectory.

Be sure to check the joints of the joints for tightness. Liquid clay is usually used for docking. It is allowed to use specialized funds recommended by the pipe manufacturer. If the installation of a highway based on elements with a diameter of 50 mm is performed, the maximum allowable length of the direct sections of the system is 5 m. When using products with a diameter of 100 mm, this indicator is 8 m maximum.

Important! The reservoir for the accumulation of waste cannot be placed at a distance less than 10 m from the buildings of residential type.

Construction of autonomous sewage in private house with their own hands

First, the optimal place is selected for the installation of the reservoir for wastewater. To do this, you can use the data recommended for the installation of a conventional septica, then you can start up to earthworks. The installation of the container is pulled by a pit. The size of the deepening in the Earth should correspond to the dimensions of the tank with a capacity of 30 cm on each side.

The technology is allowed to install a biological filter and septicism to one pita. Earthworks also imply the formation of trenches for laying the pipeline. At the same time, it is necessary to observe a bias of 2 cm for every 0.1 m highway. The bottom of the pit is trambed and poured with concrete solution. After the site is fully driving and hardens, the installation of a plastic container can be installed. To fix the design on the basis of it is desirable to use cables.

At the next stage, the autonomous sewage system is assembled and the pipeline supply in accordance with a predetermined scheme. At the same time, the blocks of the biological filter are filling. For these purposes, an absorbent with bioactive action and clamzit can be used.

After the entire system is installed, the recesses in the soil are filled back. For this, the land and sand is used, use is allowed. cement-sand mixture. All this is saturated with layers and thoroughly tamper. At the same time, water is filling in septic. The fluid level should be slightly above the top of the bulk material. The pipeline is covered with sand and then the earth. In this case, there is no need for the upset of the backfill. Connecting the system can only be implemented after the sewage is checked.

Taking into account the above, the personnel installation of autonomous equipment is not so complicated. The use of finished structures makes it possible to eliminate any inconvenience associated with the tap and wastewater treatment. Adhering to the manufacturer's instructions, any owner of the country area, can determine with your own hands an effectively valid and trouble-free system with a long service life. If the installation of another system is performed, the ideal result is possible only under the condition proper fulfillment calculations.