Until September 15, 2017, the persons responsible for managing residential apartment buildings (MKD) are required to complete the preparation events for the heating season 2017-2018. Evidence of the successful completion of the preparatory work is the presence of a readiness passport for the heating period.

On the first numbers of July, only 37% of housing foundations, 30% of boiler rooms and 37% of heating networks were ready for the new heating season.

Federal legislation on preparing for the heating season

Preparations for the heating season is regulated by Article 20 of the Federal Law of May 27, 2010 No. 190-FZ "On Heat Repair", and evaluation of events - the rules for evaluating readiness for the heating season, which were approved by the Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation of March 12, 2013 No. 103 ( Next - Order 103).

Due to the fact that there is no unified preparation for the preparation for the heating season, persons responsible for these activities, it is necessary to be guided by the following regulatory acts:

• Resolution of the Gosstroya of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 No. 170 of the Rules and Norms of Technical Operation of Housing Fund ";
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 13, 2006 No. 491 "On approval of the rules for the main property in an apartment building ...";
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 21, 2008 No. 549 "On the procedure for the supply of gas to ensure the utility needs of citizens";
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354 "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings";
• rules for the improvement of the local territories approved by local governments;
• other orders of regional and municipal authorities.

In addition to the above regulatory and legal acts, one of the most important aspects of the preparation for the autumn-winter period is to comply with the requirements for energy saving and an increase in energy efficiency.

In accordance with the requirements of Part 7 of Article 12 of the Federal Law of November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ "On Energy Saving ...", the HOA or the management company is obliged to develop and at least once a year, to the attention of the owners of the premises in the MKD proposals for energy saving events and increasing the energy efficiency of managed MKD.

What is included in the preparation for the heating season

The main tasks of the complex of measures for the preparation for the heating season 2017-2018 are reduced to ensuring uninterrupted supply of thermal energy (coolant) into heated rooms, regardless of their purpose.

Mandatory events in the preparation for winter are:

• adjustment of intravadal networks with the adjustment of the calculated diameters of throttling devices on the thermal node;
• conducting hydraulic tests, repair, calibration and adjustment of heat supply and ventilation systems, boiler, domestic networks, group and local thermal items;
• check the performance of shut-off valves and pressure regulators of gas economy devices.

In accordance with Order 103, report on the preparation for the heating season in the central regions of Russia is necessary no later than September 15 of the current year. The preparations for the heating season in the northern and eastern regions are reduced until September 1, for the southern - extended until October 1.

Control over the entire complex of activities is entrusted to local governments, owners of residential and non-residential premises in the MCD, housing supervisory authorities and other authorized structures.

Preparation of residential fund for heating season 2017-2018

Comprehensive training of utility facilities for seasonal operation is regulated by regulatory requirements for people in the autumn-winter period.

• elimination of cracks and holes in the outer walls, base, attic floors, roof and places of their docking with each other, windows or doors;
• restoration of plaster coating, roof, etc.;
• bringing into order of technical premises;
• checking the integrity of window and door fillings, closers and ants;
• conducting test fakes of central heating and furnaces;
• ensuring the removal of atmospheric and melting water from the descents to the basement, window pitches;
• checking the quality of waterproofing foundations, basement walls and basement;
• checking the health of heating furnaces and installations with gas heaters, chimneys, gas ducts, internal systems of heat, water and power supply.

Based on these recommendations, as well as the shortcomings identified as a result of the spring inspection of the MCD and its engineering systems, the management company or HOA is developing a plan for preparing for the heating season and approves it in local governments.

The preparation plan for the heating season of the management company, in addition to technical work, includes a number of organizational events:

• retraining and advanced training of employees providing operation and emergency repair of boiler houses, thermal points, engineering systems;
• instructing emergency service workers, workers of the current repair, janitor;
• carrying out technical inspection and maintenance of vehicles, communications, equipment, tools, cleaning equipment, inventory;
• preparation or restoration of in-house engineering systems;
• conducting the revision of thermal nodes, performance of accounting devices (with replacement, if necessary), certificate in the integrity of the seal.

In addition, managing companies and HOAs in preparation for the heating season should take into account other requirements of rules 103:

• the degree of readiness of heat-consuming installations for work and ensuring them the mode of consumption of thermal energy specified in the resource supply contract;
• lack of debt for heat energy, coolant;

The main problem in preparing for the heating season is the highest level of consumer debt for delivered energy resources. The debt in the field of housing and communal services is more than one trillion rubles, of which 800 billion are debts of management companies to resource-supplying organizations.

Mikhail Men, Minister of Construction and Housing and Civil Code of the Russian Federation

In accordance with the rules of the content of common property in an apartment building (approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 No. 491), the obligations for the preparation of domestic engineering systems for seasonal exploitation are assigned to the owners of the residential premises of the apartment building (in the case of direct control) or HOA and Governors Companies. Funding activities is carried out at the expense of owners.

Act on "Alternative Boiler room"

As for the preparation for the heating season of 2017-2018 heating equipment, control over it will be entrusted with new structures - unified heat supply organizations (ETO).

On July 31, 2017, President Putin signed the Federal Law "On Amendments to the Federal Law" On Heat Repair "and the individual legislative acts of the Russian Federation on the improvement of the system of relations in the field of heat supply."

The document that received the national name "Act on the" Alternative Boiler room "has changed the heat regulation system for heat. The new model provides for the establishment of the limit level of the price of the coolant, which was called the "alternative boiler room". This is the calculated indicator. It corresponds to the value of one gigaklorine of thermal energy in the event that consumers want to build their own (alternative) boiler room.

In addition to ensuring the uninterrupted heat delivery process from the manufacturer to the consumer, this will be responsible for the entire set of measures for the construction, reconstruction, modernization of heat supply facilities, as well as for their preparation for seasonal operation.

However, the maintenance of domestic networks, the installation of heat meters and the preparation of heat sumps to the heating season will remain under the guidelines of management companies and HOA.

Equipment of the thermal node with modern metering devices

Among the requirements for readiness for the heating period for thermal energy consumers Order 101 The presence and performance of accounting devices, as well as the absence of debt for the heat energy (power), coolant. Reliable accounting of energy consumed and timely payment is considered by federal legislation as effective ways of energy saving.

As practice has shown, the installation of generalized thermal energy meters made the process of accrualing the resource for the resource more transparent and understandable for consumers, discovered the need for them and the way of saving heat.

Many owners of residential and non-residential premises in the MCD went even further: contact RSO and managers with a request to establish individual heat meters. Including - with the possibility of remote removal of readings and dispatching data in real time.

This allows each owner to pay only for the heat that he actually consumed in its premises, plus the costs of one. In a situation where the house is equipped only with a general-friendly metering device, the owners are forced to pay for the heat proportionately area of \u200b\u200bthe premises belonging to it.

We help automate accounting of any resources: heat, water, electricity, gas.

Pluses of automated dispatching for the management organization:

• hourly expense statistics online - see the Demo of the Personal Cabinet;
• formation of Excel files with hourly data consumption of utility resources;
• the accountant will have all the data on the hands of the 25th day;
• connecting up to 2,000,000 metering devices within a radius of 10 km without the need to purchase an additional base station, repeaters and concentrators.

The "Strege" system uses LPWAN technology with a radius of 10 km, without hubs and repeaters.

Wireless solutions for dispatching resources in apartment buildings

In the continuation of the article.

In addition, all buildings and structures are subjected to periodic technical examinations conducted by appointed heads of institutions by commissions.

Three types of inspections are installed:

General, or seasonal (semi-annual), when the entire building, its designs, engineering equipment, external improvement, is examined;

Partial, in which only individual parts of the building are examined, for example, the roof, basement, elevator, central heating, etc.;

Extraordinary, conducted after natural disasters - shower, hurricanes, floods, etc., as well as to indicate superior instances.

The Commission appoints the head of the organization, enterprise. It is headed by the head of the operating service, OKC or other division, depending on the structure of the enterprise. The Commission includes: a person responsible for the operation of the construction, representatives of the operating service serving the operation of engineering equipment of buildings, etc.

The results of all types of inspection are drawn up with acts in which the identified defects and damage are recorded, as well as the timing of their elimination.

As a rule, the next general technical inspections of buildings are held twice a year: in the spring, after melting of snow, and in the fall at the reception of the building in winter operation. Autumn inspection materials serve as the basis for planning current repairs next year. During the spring inspection and the beginning of the preparation of the building, the upcoming work is specified by the winter to be completed by the beginning of winter operation and adopted during the autumn inspection.

Winter period of operation of buildings is the most difficult in the work of enclosing structures and engineering equipment. Therefore, preparation for it usually takes all summer time.

With seasonal inspections of buildings, the main attention is paid to the preparation of them for winter: with the autumn, their willingness is checked for winter operation and work plans for the next year are being drawn up, and in Spring, the works that need to be fulfilled in the summer, so that the buildings are well prepared for the next winter operation .

In the preparation plans for winter, first place are displayed on the sources of heat and water supply, heating mains, on the domestic heating systems, hot and cold water supply, gas supply, on identifying malfunctions, carrying out adjustment works, adjusting the shut-off valves. All changes caused by the repair of systems should be reflected in the operational documentation.

The second important task of preparation for winter is the repair of roof structures, joints of panels, insulation of doors, windows, gates, repair of drainage, gentlestation and other elements of the building, ensuring the safety of heat in it in winter. The building is considered to be prepared for the winter if all planned works on building structures and engineering equipment are fulfilled. The willingness of buildings for winter operation is checked by a special commission two weeks before the start of the heating season and is issued as an act. At the same time, a test firing of boilers is usually carried out, checking the SIS with the heating and other field inspections. Selected two weeks before the start of the heating season are used to eliminate the troubleshooting detected.

Before the start of spring-summer operation, buildings also need a set of measures to enhance the ventilation of attic and sublimation, to stop heat supply systems, to clarify the plans for their maintenance and repair in the summer. In individual objects, it may be necessary to carry out measures for preparing for the spring flood: clearing special drainage channels and regulation of the drain water.

In terms of work, technical inspections are divided into common (complex) and partial (selective).

During the general inspection, the entire building or structure as a whole is subject to a survey, including all the designs of the building or structure, including engineering equipment, different types of finishes and all elements of external improvement, or the whole complex of buildings and structures.

With a partial inspection, individual buildings (structures) of the complex or individual structures, types of equipment (for example, farms and beams of the building, wells on the sewage and water supply network) are examined.

General technical inspections of buildings and structures are carried out twice a year - in spring and autumn.

Spring inspections to conduct up to April 15 of the current year. During the spring technical inspection, it is necessary:

Carefully check the condition of carrier and enclosing structures and identify possible damage that arose as a result of atmospheric and other influences;

Establish defective places that need long-term observation;

Check the mechanisms of window elements, doors, lanterns, gates and other devices that open;

Check the condition of the drain and scene.

Autumn inspections are carried out 1.5 months before the heating season. During the autumn technical inspection, it is necessary:

Carefully check the carriers and protect the designs of buildings and structures and take measures regarding the elimination of all sorts of cracks and gaps;

Check the preparedness of the coatings of buildings to clean from snow and the package of necessary inventors, as well as the state of gutters and drains;

Check fit and readiness to work in winter conditions of elements of windows, lamps, gates, doors and other devices that open.

In addition to the next inspections, extraordinary inspections of buildings and structures after natural disasters (fire, hurricane winds, large rainfalls or snowfalls) or accidents should be performed.

During the observation of the state of buildings and structures, it is necessary:

Every year, it is carried out annually with the help of geodesic instruments, checking the position of the main designs of industrial buildings and structures in territories subject to mining;

Supporting land planning near the building and facilities for removing atmospheric water in proper condition. The planned surface of the earth should have a slope from the walls of the building. The breakfast around the building should be in good condition. The slots between asphalt and concrete messages (sidewalks) and walls of the building should be calculated, and then laid hot bitumen, cement mortar, resin or mint clay;

Monitor the good condition of the roof and devices for the lead of atmospheric and melting water from the roof of the building;

Monitor the roofing density to walls, parapets, pipes, testers, antenna devices and other protruding structures;

Timely remove snow from the walls and covers buildings and structures. When cleaning the roof, it is prohibited to apply shock action tools that may damage roofing materials;

Prevent storage of materials, waste and garbage waste, as well as laying out flower beds and lawns directly at the walls of the building;

Monitor the serviceable state of internal networks of water supply, sewage and heat supply, preventing leakage in compounds and through the cracks of the pipe walls, shaped parts and devices;

Monitor normal operation of ventilation systems;

Periodically control the condition of wooden farms, overlaps and other responsible structures of buildings and structures from a tree. Ensure constant ventilation of longitudinal spaces in buildings;

In case of appearance in stone or concrete walls, in reinforced concrete columns, runoffs, farms, beams and slabs of cracks, immediately establish lighthouses on them and carry out thorough observation of the behavior of cracks and the design as a whole;

Monitor the verticality of the walls and columns;

Organize observation of the state of the protective layer in reinforced concrete structures, especially those that are in an aggressive environment;

Monitor the state of seams and connecting metal structures (welded, riveted, bolted);

Organize a thorough observation of the joints of the joints of precast concrete structures;

Do not allow breaks through holes in floors, beams, columns and walls without written permission of persons responsible for the safe operation of a building or structure;

Do not allow overloaded building structures.

For each building and facilities or for a group of buildings and structures, you must compile an instruction manual for the use of intergenerational floors, sites and gender indicating the limit loads for individual areas of overlapping, gender and corresponding sites. On elements of buildings and structures that are clearly visible, it should be done and constantly updated the inscriptions that indicate the magnitude of the limit loads.

All technical documentation for the commissioned building and facilities (approved technical passport, project, work drawings, data on the geological conditions of the construction site, the act of acceptance of operation with documents on the characteristics of the applied materials, the conditions and quality of work, acts on hidden work, and Also, information about deviation from the project and flaws at the time of entering the object) should be stored complete in the archive of the enterprise. Responsible for the transfer of materials - OKS.

Responsibilities for the observation of the operation of buildings and structures should be awarded the capital construction department. OKS is responsible for timely repair of buildings and structures. Substation service is responsible for the proper operation of buildings and structures and timely detection of defects.

The results of all types of inspections should be decorated with acts in which the identified defects are noted, as well as orders with an indication of the activities and the timing of work.

The results of all types of inspections, including participants - observation of cracks, deformations, should be listed in the workshop of technical inspection of building structures of buildings and structures

Questions for self-control:

1. Parameters of buildings controlled during operation;

2. Seasonal technical inspections;

3. Partial technical inspections;

4. Extraordinary technical inspections;

5. Events of seasonal training of operated buildings;

6. Technical documentation for exploited buildings.

Preparation for the heating season worries both owners of housing and managerial organizations. But it is necessary to prepare for him already in May. We will talk about the plan of mandatory events for the preparation of the house to the heating season. Also in the article you can download the checklist of checking the Readiness of the MKD to winter and useful cheat sheets.

What is needed for the preparation for the heating season of an apartment building

The preparation of the house to the heating season is the most important event to ensure the safety of the common property of the high-rise building, so in its conduct, first of all, the owners of housing should be interested.

Correctly and timely, a complete set of training activities for the heating season will provide such living conditions for the inhabitants and operation of engineering equipment in the heating period that comply with regulatory requirements.

WE or HOA under legislation is responsible for the implementation of actions for the preparation of the house to the heating season at the necessary deadlines. All activities related to the technical training of the house for the heating season are determined by the owners of the premises during the conclusion of the contract with the governing company.

What is included in the list of work on the preparation of the house by winter

Preparation Housing housing and communal services to the heating season are necessary in order to ensure timely and high-quality work on the repair and maintenance of buildings and equipment that meets legislative regulations of people's stay in winter.

Order of the Ministry of Energy of March 12, 2013 No. 103 (hereinafter referred to as Rules No. 103) approved the rules for evaluating readiness for the heating period, in accordance with which consumers of thermal energy no later than September 15 of the current year should complete the necessary preliminary work before the next cold season.

conduct the following activities:

• troubleshooting walls, roofs, overlaps, windows and doors;
• correction of problems in the operation of heating furnaces, gas and chimneys, systems of heat, electric and water supply;
• ensuring proper waterproofing of foundations, staircases, walls, checking the health of fire hydrants;
• bringing into a technically good condition of the territory of households, elimination of obstacles to the removal of melting and atmospheric waters.

Local governments are also installed the date of the heating season. They, given the proposals of the organization, which is engaged in servicing this housing stock, determine the deadlines for the start and completion of preparation for the winter of each residential building and infrastructure facilities. Terms of ending events, including trial furnaces in central heating systems and furnaces, depend on the location of the territory and make up:

• in the central regions - by September 15;
• in northern and eastern - by September 1;
• in the southern - by October 1.

The owner of the housing stock or an organization operating on its maintenance is a plan-schedule of training at home and its engineering equipment for the winter. This document approves local governments on the results of the spring inspection of the shortcomings that were identified over the past period.

The function of monitoring the progress of work on the preparation of the house by winter is assigned to:

• local governments;
• owners of the housing stock and their authorized representatives;
• housing supervision authorities.

During the preparation of the house to the heating season, a test, verification, repair and commissioning of all systems and devices, which are involved in the process of uninterrupted heat supply to the apartment are carried out. Among them:

• boiler rooms;
• local and group thermal points in houses;
• outdoor networks;
• ventilation and heating systems.

On thermal nodes and points, as well as boilers, when preparing a house for the heating season, it is necessary to provide:

• automation tools;
• control and measuring instruments;
• shut-off and regulating equipment;
• wiring Schemes of heating systems, HPW, DHW, supply and exhaust ventilation;
• designs indicating how equipment should be operated in various modes (filling, descent of water from heating systems, feeding, etc.);
• technical passport equipment;
• regime cards;
• parameter recording logs;
• magazines of equipment defects.

In preparation for the winter of gas economy devices, it is necessary to adjust the pressure regulators and shut-off valves. Pumping stations, fire equipment systems must be equipped with basic and reserve sets. In addition, it is necessary to adjust and check the health of the automatic switching on duplicate pumps when the main failures.

During the preparation of housing housing and communal services for winter the following events are held:

• training and retraining of personnel of thermal items, boiler room, emergency services, janitors;
• preparation or restoration of schemes such as gas and water supply, sewage, etc. At the same time, for mechanics and electricians, which, in case of malfunctions and accidents, the domestic engineering systems will participate in their liquidation, necessarily indicates the location of switches and shut-off valves;
• preparation of emergency services (equipment, transport, communications, materials, tools), as well as instructing personnel;
• as for unheated premises, it is important to repair the insulation of water supply and sewer pipes.

If water is present in the basements, during the preparation of the house by the winter it is necessary to pump it out, the watering water pipe must be disassembled after the disconnection, the waterway unit is subject to insulation. It is equally important to do everything you need to ensure that the viewing wells of the yard network, as well as the sewer and general issues in the ends of the house from the collecting pipeline, which is laid in the technical underground (basement), worked smoothly.

In the cold period, produced in technical support and basements of the house are allowed to close only during severe frosts.

During the production of all these works in premises that are not heated, the fireproof water supply is insulated, they check the condition and repair the insulation of the sewage pipes and the rh3, DHW and CO.

When preparing at home to the heating season perform the following actions:

• warm windows and balconies, as well as entrance doors to apartments;
• replace when necessary glass in the doors and windows on the balconies and in the auxiliary premises;
• insulate the attic floors;
• check the serviceability of blinds and auditory windows;
• repair and strengthen the parapet fences at home;
• insulate pipelines in attics and in basements;
• repair existing or produce new transitional bridges and running boards in attics at home;
• carry out repair, testing and adjustment of central heating systems;
• repaire kitchen foci and furnaces;
• boilers and smokentying channels are insulated;
• canned watering systems;
• strengthen the flag-containers on the house;
• equip the entrance doors by closers;
• check the products in the basement;
• strengthen and, if necessary, repair the entrance doors;
• warm and restore outer watershed columns and cranes.

In terms of schedule, which is a week, month and year, reflects the timing of work on the preparation for the heating season and their list.

• MKD content and repair: Procedure for conducting work, control, responsibility

What requirements should be the preparation of residential buildings for the heating season

1. Checking the completion of all necessary events in residential buildings is carried out by the Commission, according to the established form, the preparedness passport of the house for work in winter conditions is issued.
2. The district of the district is responsible for bringing in line with the requirements of the Housing Fund, as well as communal and engineering facilities that relate to it, to the heating period.
3. Work on the preparation of the house by winter is carried out by a contracting organization for the service of residential buildings and their engineering equipment.
4. Urban specialized enterprises, owned, lease or in the economic management of which are the facilities of heat-generation and engineering networks, are responsible for the quality and timing of them to bring in fully working condition to the heating season.
5. Representatives of the Subscriber, urban heat supply organizations and the Office of the district are carried out acceptance of the readiness of the equipment of the thermal point and input and devastating heating networks.
6. Outdoor heating systems are accepted by the Commission, which includes representatives:

• owner of the house;
• organizations that exploit the building;
• district councils;
• organizations supplying thermal energy in accordance with the contract.

To register a domestic heating system and recognize its level satisfactory, it is necessary to obtain the printing of the enterprise, with which an agreement is concluded for the release of thermal energy.

1. The organization, in managing or economic management of which is the structure (hereinafter referred to as the owner of the building), according to the established form, makes up the act of readiness of the residential building system. This document is approved by the head of the district council and is drawn up in three copies, which are sent:

• the owner of the building;
• in the city council;
• in the organization for servicing the housing stock.

1. The owner of the thermal point declares the accumulative statement in the established form in three copies: for itself, the management of the district and the heat supply organization.
2. After the accumulative statement is filled, the owner of the thermal point (ITP, CTP) is an act of readiness of the subscriber to the heating season. This document is signed by representatives of the owner of the subscriber, the organization of heat supply, the district administration. Approves the act of the administration of the district where the house is located. One copy is sent to the owner of the thermal point, the second is stored in the district council, the third - in the heat supply organization.
3. When making an act of readiness of the subscriber to the document are applied:

• act of readiness of the residential building heating system;
• building readiness passport;
• accumulative statement.

1. Acceptance of residential buildings is carried out with the participation of a representative of the State Housing Inspection of the city of Moscow, which conducts a selective verification of objects for their compliance with documents confirming their level of preparation for the winter. If this official reveals violations of current norms, the deadlines for the elimination of these deviations are established, and responsible persons are subject to recovery.
2. In order for the residential building to be recognized as prepared for the heating period, its engineering systems are required to work without failures, and structural elements, entrances, attic and basement must be given in a satisfactory condition.
3. Passport of the presence of a residential building jointly design:

• the owner of the building or organization, in the economic management of which it is located;
• enterprise for servicing housing stock.

The readiness passport is issued according to the approved form as the preparation of houses for the winter for each of them. The process of filling out a document begins with spring inspections, the development of a complex of measures to the heating season and make marks on the further progress of work.

Approves the document Deputy Head of the Office of the district, in which the house is located. The passport is drawn up in two copies, one of which is stored in Dez, the other - the owner of the building. It is necessary to attach copies of acts of readiness of the residential house heating system and subscriber. If there is no last document, you need to issue a warranty letter from the thermal item owner.

1. Organizations, owned (lease, economic jurisdiction) of which are located and distributing networks, during the preparation of intravadal hot water supply systems and central heating, as well as heat points should take care of the uniform distribution of water and heat for heating and hot water supply. At entering the residential building in preparation for winter it is necessary to ensure the following indicators:

For cold water supply:

• the water pressure in the supply pipeline system cannot exceed static pressure by more than 0.2 MPa, and it should be at least 0.05 MPa above static.

In places of water, in apartments, indicators are characterized by the following values:

• the minimum pressure in front of the gas water heater of the upper floors is at least 0.1 MPa;
• free pressure in sanitary devices 0.02-0.05 MPa;
• the maximum water pressure is not higher than 0.45 MPa.

For hot water:

• in the supply pipeline DHS, the temperature of hot water on entering the house should be within: for closed systems - 60 plus-minus two degrees; For open systems - 60-75 degrees;
• with the calculated circulation flow rate, the pressure drop between circulating and feed pipelines should not be below 0.03-0.06 MPa;
• for both systems, the temperature in the circulating pipeline is maintained within 46-55 ° C, and the water pressure exceeds the static at least 0.05 MPa;
• to ensure the circulation of hot water, its pressure in the circulation network should be the magnitude of the disposable pressure below the water pressure in the supply pipe of the house.

In places of water-based in apartments, the following indicators must be observed:

1. Hot water temperature:

• for closed systems not lower than 50 ° C;
• for open systems not lower than 60 ° C;
• for any systems not higher than 75 ° C.

2. Maximum water pressure not higher than 0.45 MPa;

3. Sanitary devices are free pressure 0.02-0.05 MPa.

For central heating:

• as for reverse network water, its average daily temperature should not be higher than a given schedule by more than 5%; The deviation of the average daily water temperature, which enters the heating system is provided at a level not exceeding 3% of the value approved by the schedule;
• so that the heat carrier circulates, the pressure in the supply pipe must be higher by the size of the disposable pressure (which, in accordance with the project, support heat supply organizations) of the required pressure in the reverse network;
• the water pressure in the return pipe must be: for the system - at least 0.05 MPa above static; For pipelines, heating devices, reinforcements and other equipment - not higher than the permissible;
• the air temperature should not be descended below +18 ° C in residential premises and below +20 ° C in the corner rooms at home.

1. During the preparation for winter, thermal items are equipped with automation tools that provide:

• controlling the consumption of drinking water and thermal energy in heat consumption systems;
• specified water temperature in the SGV;
• restriction of consumers in terms of network water flow;
• required pressure with independent attachment of heat consumption systems;
• upon exceeding the limit parameters of the coolant - protection of networks from excessive water and pressure temperatures;
• termination of the analysis of water from the expansion tank when the lower level is reached in it and stop the water supply to the tank when filling up to the top mark;
• a given water pressure drop in pipelines (feed and reverse) and the required pressure level in the return pipeline;
• when the working pumps are disconnected - the use of reserve;
• preventing situations in which heat consumption systems are emptied.

1. In residential apartments in the liner for mixing water-treatment fittings, the temperature of the hot water should be 50 degrees. Adjusting the thermal automation of HB in thermal points should ensure that the predetermined level of heating should be maintained.
2. The coordination of the thermal point of the thermal point in the preparation of the house for the winter should be held with the participation of the enterprise of the water supply and sewer farm and the heat supply organization.
3. To provide conditions for uninterrupted and rational water consumption, cold water auxiliary pumps should be turned on automatically using sensors that are mounted on a circulating pipeline (to suction nozzles of circulation pumps).
4. When preparing for the winter of automation devices, automatic regulators and technological protection of plumbing and heat networks, it is necessary:

• periodically check their work and inspect their condition;
• configure and adjust the regulators supporting the specified parameters;
• clean and lubricate moving parts.

1. Once a four years, hydraulic tests of plate heat exchangers should be carried out.
2. Every year, with the participation of the heat supply organization, the owner of the building performs the following actions:

• examines the expansion tank installed in the building;
• checks the devices of automatic feed and communication line "Thermal item - expansion tank";
• determines the timing of troubleshooting when they are detected.

Communication lines "Thermal point - an expansion tank" and automation on the expansion tank with the organization are checked, which under the contract with the building owner serves a heat point.

If the expansion tank or its elements are physically worn, it is advisable to install instead of a specially designed project of floor membrane expansion tanks in the CTP rooms. In this situation, it is important that, until the start of the heating season, the installation of new equipment and work on its launch was completed. At the same time, the installation of outdoor membrane expansion tanks in cellars of residential buildings outside the CTP is prohibited.

1. To reveal the leakage of network water and determine its consumption for feeding, thermal points with an independent compounding circuit of heating systems are equipped with hydraulic lines.

The scheme for bringing the operating status of automatics of the expansion tanks is undergoing compulsory agreement with the heat supply organization.

• Repair of the entrances of the MKD: the procedure for holding and responsibility of the Criminal Code

Preparation of the house for winter and checking heating systems

Due to the peculiarities of the geographical position, the heating season in Russia is quite long. In accordance with SNiP 23-01-99, the duration of this period depends largely on what climatic zone is in question, and is an important indicator for centralized heating systems. For example, in the northern latitudes, residential buildings and public buildings are heated within 7 or more months in a year, which entails significant costs. This fact is predetermined by the peculiarities of weather conditions in these areas.

Costs for heat supply consist of:

• payment for the supply of energy;
• costs for maintenance of the system, including work on the repair and conservation of heatpets in the inter-drinking period.

The preparation of the house for the winter involves the conduct of events not only technical, but also of an organizational nature. Owners of apartments and buildings equipped with individual heat generators are carried out by their own.

Preparation rules thermal enterprises to the heating season Mounted by local government bodies and are subject to mandatory execution by all institutions of housing and communal services and other organizations that are responsible for the serviceability of systems. In the course of these works, inspection and testing of the following objects:

• boiler rooms;
• local heatcenters;
• domestic and external heat networks.

In order for the prophylactic and operational work of heat supply systems, it was carried out according to a single algorithm, the profile ministry developed rules for preparing for the heating period and evaluating the preparedness for heat supply. They define the procedure for conducting inspections in the field, as well as a list of state bodies responsible for their implementation.

The owners of autonomous heating systems of residential and production facilities independently determine the date of the beginning of the heating season, pushing out the climatic characteristics of the region and current weather conditions. Often in such buildings, heating include earlier than in those houses whose maintenance is carried out by management companies and housing and public utilities.

Disconnecting heating systems, according to the current rules, is performed when the average daily temperature outside the window above 8 degrees of heat is carried out when within 7 days in a row. If this parameter decreases, heating houses must be resumed. In the conditions of individual heat supply, the issue of termination of filing is solved by each owner of the house or an apartment independently, which makes it possible to significantly save on the payment of energy.

To minimize the negative effect of water on the elements of the heating network, at the end of the winter season measures on the conservation of heat supply equipment for the summer.Wherein:

1. carefully examine all parts of the heat supply system, identify malfunctions;
2. the heat carrier is drained from the network, after which the detected damage is eliminated;
3. check the health of the automatic control lines of the circulation pump, heating boiler and other system nodes. If necessary, individual mechanisms are repaired or replaced;
4. after completion of the repair work, the system is filled with heat carrier.

Timely holding of such events will allow quality to prepare a house for winter and ensure the safety of the equipment. In some areas of the system, stop valves are provided that serve to remove air traffic jams.

The standard algorithm for the preparation of the house by winter is reflected in the relevant instruction, using which each housing owner can do the required work to the heating season independently with minimal cost. According to this regulation, leave the system for a long time without a coolant is prohibited, because it is impossible to dry pipes from the inside, which is why metal structural elements may suffer from corrosion.

What kind of preparation for the winter apartment building should be carried out in the summer

To prepare a house by winter in the summer it is necessary to work with respect to the following systems.

1) Boilers:

• checking instruments of instrumentation, automation, equipment and reinforcement;
• elimination of cracks in the smoothing of chimneys and boilers;
• fuel Tore:

• liquid - focusing on the capacity of warehouses, but no less average reserve for a month;
• solid - at the rate of 70% of the number, which is required to be predicted in the heating period.

Fuel storage is carried out according to the "Rules of Technical Operation";

• preparation of operators.

2) Heat items:

• when preparing for winter, equipment and reinforcement are checked.

3) Hot water and heating systems:

• checking cranes and other shut-off valves, air collectors and expansion;
• conducting hydropneumatic washing of radiators when they are not heated;
• restoration of the destroyed or replacement of insufficient thermal insulation in stair cells, niches of sanitary nodes, basements, attic;
• after completing the repair, all devices are subjected to a test furnace and operational adjustment.

4) Thermal networks:

• washing system;
• elimination of periodic and constant channel clogs;
• verification of reinforcement;
• replacing the insufficient or restoration of the destroyed isolation of pipes in basements and chambers.

In addition, the following are held. winter preparation activities:

• revision, repair, replacement inventory and cleaning equipment of janitors;
• informing users about the standards for the preparation of houses by winter, as well as the need to replace the broken windows, the installation of sealing pads in the coils of window and door openings, etc.;
• purchase of sand and salt or its substitute for the sprinkle of sidewalks;
• check primary means for extinguishing fires.

Preparation for the winter of an apartment building in terms of warning and elimination of accidents

The relevant recommendations and instructions set out the answers to all issues regarding the organization and technology of emergency and restoration work at facilities of housing and communal services. Let's talk about what the functions of operational personnel on the prevention of accidents are possible during the cold weather.

So what organizational and technical measures It is necessary to conduct in the preparation of houses to winter in order to ensure uninterrupted power supply of housing housing and communal services:

• checking the reliability of energy saving in engineering equipment systems, the presence of backup jumpers and sources of electricity, partitioning valves in medical and children's institutions, etc.;
• checking equipment for trial starts, elimination of detected problems;
• equipment of relevant organizations with materials, equipment and instructions that are necessary to eliminate breakdowns;
• equipment of reminders about the actions of personnel during accidents of boiler rooms, thermal and dispatching points, housing and operational organizations;
• training and briefing staff on emergency restoration actions, working out practical skills to eliminate breakdowns.

Repair activities in heat supply stations are carried out in order to eliminate breakdowns and their results and start working first on simplified, and then according to the main scheme. There are various techniques to adapt to the situation the principle of boiler houses.

Recovery work on urban heat networksare held in order to:

• ensure the calculated performance indicators of the system or, if it is impossible to do, reduce the parameters of the coolant to those that correspond to a decrease in the air temperature in buildings at more than 8 ° C;
• first of all, it is warm to objects of paramount importance in order to maintain stable industry;
• create conditions for circulation that will protect the coolant in the freezing system;
• localize and eliminate damage and accidents in order to prevent failure of the entire heat supply network;
• if necessary, partially or completely turn off the hot water supply in order to ensure the heating of buildings;
• in water heating systems, temporarily use couples as a coolant;
• change the method of laying damaged areas of heatplets;
• translate the heating system to the adjusted mode of operation.

Most often collectors and thermal networks are subjected to the following damage:

• breaks of metal pipes due to internal and external corrosion;
• disruption of the tightness of flange connections in those places where the pipe is attached to the reinforcement;
• deformation, cracks, stones of pipes and other system elements;
• disappearance of motionless supports;
• damage to the reinforcement, leaks of those areas where shelpal compensators and fittings are installed;
• trucking pipes due to moving the coolant.

To identify damage heat networksOne of these methods should be used:

• the use of substances indicators that are entered into the pipe and are fixed at the place of damage;
• acoustic, electron-acoustic;
• hydrolement.

The period of time during which the circulation of the coolant during the established outer temperature can be suspended, must be determined by the service service in advance on the basis of the characteristics of the building and local weather conditions. For example, it is allowed to turn off the heating network for up to 8 hours at minus 10 ° C and for a period of not more than 4 hours at minus 15 ° C.

In each section of the heat selection, when preparing a house for winter, it is necessary to equip the water descent and determine the filling and emptying speed.

When localizing the accident, the following are carried out. events:

• reduce pressure on networks to minimal;
• disconnect damaged or destroyed thermal network elements;
• fully stop the supply of heat.

In an emergency, it is especially important to ensure the most important objects with hot water. To do this, take measures to increase the bandwidth of previously tested networks:

• transition to the adjusted mode of operation;
• operation of networks on a system 150/70 ° C with a cut for the cold period at 130 ° C;
• if boilers, pumps, pipes and fittings are strong enough, the work schedule is allowed:

• instead of 150/70 ° C - 180/70 ° C;
• instead of 130/70 ° C - 150/70 ° C.

If, after the end of the restoration activities, it is not possible to ensure the necessary mechanical strength of the system elements, it is possible to switch to a reduced temperature schedule and pressure.

If the heat for the heating of buildings and structures is not enough, according to the list drawn up in advance, is carried out temporary disconnection of hot water supply and partial ventilation.

How to check how qualitatively the preparation of the house for winter

At the end of work to assess the level of preparing houses by winter, local governments are inspected in settlements and urban districts.

The degree of completion of the activities to the cold season in apartment buildings is determined by the level of compliance with the requirements of Rules No. 103. At the same time, it is also checked:

• performing measures for the preparation for winter, which were conducted by persons carrying out the management of an apartment building and acquire energy and heat carrier to provide utilities for hot water supply and heating;
• the actions of individuals who own residents and non-residential premises in the building and have agreements with a heat supply organization for the provision of its services.

To carry out the inspection of thermal energy consumers, a commission is formed, which representatives may be involved in coordination:

• housing inspection and Rostechnadzor;
• a single heat supply organization;
• enterprises, to thermal networks of which are connected to the heat-consuming installations of end customers.

Following the control is issued act of readiness checks for heating periodwhich indicates the conclusion of an inspection commission regarding the level of compliance of the apartment building available to the existing standards:

• the object is ready for the heating period;
• the house will be ready for winter after troubleshooting discovered by the Commission during the inspection;
• the object is not ready for the heating season.

The original of the audit act is deposited to the administration of the municipality, the copies are provided by the HOA, the management company, the RCS or the owners of the house. The document must be approved by the Commission and commissioned until September 15.

During the preparation of houses for the winter, it is important to ensure the stable work of viewing wells of the courtyard, sewage and general issues in the ends of the buildings from the total pipeline, which is laid in the basement.

At the end of the heating period, the equipment of all heating systems in accordance with the established requirements undergo hydraulic pressure tests. After eliminating defects identified during the inspection, repeated crimping is carried out.

Nested files

• Passport of readiness at home to operation in winter conditions.doc
• Check-list Checking the Readiness of the MKD to Winter Operation.RTF

Works to make a contracting organization to maintain the house in a technically good condition and preparation of the house to the winter and spring period

According to the annex to the Resolution of the State Committee of the Russian Federation on the construction and housing and communal complex of September 27, 2003 No. 170 defined the following list of works to maintain the house in a technically good condition:

A. Works performed during technical inspections and bypass of individual elements and premises of residential buildings;

B. Works performed in the preparation of residential buildings to exploitation in the spring-summer period;

V. Works performed in the preparation of residential buildings to operate in the autumn-winter period;

G. Works performed when conducting partial inspections;

D. Other works.

A. Works performed during technical inspections and parts of individual elements and premises of residential buildings.

1. Elimination of minor faults in water supply and sewage systems (change of pads in water taps, sealing Signs, troubleshooting, adjustment of flushed tanks, fastening of sanitary appliances, cleaning of siphones, triggering cork cranes in the mixers, filling the glands, the shift of the float ball, Replacing rubber gaskets at the bell and ball valve, installation of limiters - throttle washers, cleaning the tank from lime deposits, etc.).

2. Elimination of minor malfunctions in central heating and hot water systems (adjustment of three-way cranes, packing of seals, minor repair of thermal insulation, elimination of leaks in pipelines, devices and fittings; disassembly, inspection and cleaning of mud airclauses, vantoses, compensators, adjusting cranes, valves, valves; cleaning from scale of shut-off reinforcement, etc.).

3. Elimination of minor malfunctions of electrotechnical devices (protochet of electrical bulbs, change of burned electrical bulbs in public premises, shift and repair plug sockets and switches, small repair of electrical wiring, etc.).

4. Cleaning the sewer bed.

5. Checking the health of the sewer hoods.

6. Checking the presence of thrust in smoking channels.

7. Verification of bath grounding.

8. Small repair of furnaces and foci (strengthening doors, prestope sheets, etc.).

9. Promotation of Surikovy Mazzka fistula, sections of ridges of steel roofing, etc.

10. Checking the grounding of the electrocable shell, measurement resistance of wires.

11. Inspection of the fire alarm and extinguishing means in houses.

B. Works performed in the preparation of residential buildings to operate in the spring-summer period .

1. Strengthening drain pipes, knees and funnels.

2. Ringing and repairing the watering system.

3. Removing the springs on the entrance doors.

4. Preservation of the central heating system.

5. Repair of equipment of children's and sports grounds.

6. REPAIR OF THE SELECT GELSEST.

7. Device of an additional network of watering systems.

8. Strengthening the flag-containers.

B. Works performed in the preparation of residential buildings to operate in the autumn-winter period.

1. Warming of window and balcony openings.

2. Replacing broken windows of windows and balcony doors.

3. Warming up the entrance doors to the apartment.

4. Warming of attic ceiling.

5. Warming of pipelines in attic and basement rooms.

6. Strengthening and repairing parapet fences.

7. Checking the health of auditory windows and blinds.

8. Production of new or repair existing running boards and transient bridges in attic.

9. Repair, adjustment and testing of central heating systems.

10. Repair of furnaces and kitchen foci.

11. Warring boilers.

12. Warming and cleaning of smokentying channels.

13. Replacing broken windows of windows and doors of auxiliary premises.

14. Preservation of watering systems.

15. Strengthening flag-containers.

16. Checking the state of the production in the grounds of buildings.

17. Repair and insulation of outdoor watershed cranes and columns.

18. Supply of closers at the entrance doors.

19. Repair and strengthening entrance doors.

G. Works performed when conducting partial inspections .

1. Promotion with sudial lull or other mastic crest and fistulating in places of roof leaks.

2. Checking the presence of thrust in chimneys and ventilation channels and risks.

3. Small repair of furnaces and foci (strengthening doors, prestope sheets, etc.).

4. Changing gaskets in water taps.

5. Signs seal.

6. Cleaning internal sewage.

7. Cleaning of siphones.

8. Adjustment of the flushed tank.

9. Prit cork tap in the mixer.

10. Adjustment and repair of three-way crane.

11. Strengthening precipitated Santechnibors in the places of their accession to the pipeline.

12. Filling the seals in the valves, cranes, valves.

13. Strengthening pipelines.

14. Checking sewer hoods.

15. Small insulation repair.

16. The ventilation of the wells.

17. PERFACE OF ELECTROMEMBER, CHANGE OF DURING POLICE POLLOBERS IN STACES, TECHNICAL SUNTING AND CHILDS.

18. Elimination of minor electrical wiring faults.

19. Change (correction) of plug sockets and switches.

D. Other works.

1. Adjustment and adjustment of central heating systems.

2. The same ventilation.

3. Flushing and crimping system of central heating.

4. Purification and flushing of water taps.

5. Adjustment and adjustment of automatic control systems for engineering equipment.

6. Preparation of buildings for holidays.

7. Gardening of the territory, caring for green plantings.

8. Removal from snow and forehead roofs.

9. Cleaning the roof from garbage, dirt, leaves.

10. Cleaning and cleaning of the local area.

11. Cleaning residential, utility and auxiliary premises.

12. Washing windows, floors, staircase marches, sites, walls, dust removal on stair cells.

13. Removal of garbage from the building and its export.

14. Cleaning and flushing the garbage cuts and their loading valves.

15. Watering of sidewalks and a keyboard.

March 25, 2007 Address: / Russia (Moscow Region - Moscow region) / Lyubertsy / Mitrofanova / 15 (Corps 7)

The autumn-winter period is approaching. On the larger territory of our country, this is quite a stern period. With negative temperatures, in many regions is significantly lower than zero. With high humidity. And therefore, the question of the reliable operation of the special equipment arises for the period of such a period, on the preparation of technology to the autumn-winter period.

First of all, it should be declared which technique will be used, and which is subject to special equipment of conservation for the winter. Regarding conservation, it is not worth neglected. To extend the operation of the special equipment. It is recommended to perform a number of preparatory activities before making equipment on the winter parking. For equipment that will be in autumn-winter operation, the requirements for the preparation for operation are higher than for conservation. In the rules of operation, the special equipment on a specific model provides recommendations directly for this model. But there are general recommendations for any special equipment. You can conditionally divide them into several sections.

Preparation of winter wheels

With a decrease in temperature, the properties of many materials are changed, including rubber. Summer tires at negative temperatures become solid, which worsens the adhesion with the road.
To work in the cold period, several options are offered:

• All-season (apply to -10 ° C);
• Based on a mixture of natural rubber and rubber (universal and frost and melting);
• Studded (good results on ice crust or snowpad, but bad with dry asphalt, deep snow);
• Friction (a porous rubber is applied, clips with all the irregularities, the folk name - "Velcro").

In addition to replacing tires in connection with the planned permanent operation, it makes sense to complete the equipment with chains.

Checking insulation

First of all, this applies to the preparations for the cold season of the work zones, where people will work (driver's cabin, crane crane cabin, etc.). In uncomfortable conditions, people at least will not be able to work long, the risk of disease increases, accidents.
Typically, the technique is acquired already adapted to work in a certain climate zone and it is enough to check the performance of the corresponding systems (heating system, the heat insulation of the cabin). When identifying a malfunction to eliminate it in a timely manner. Additional measures may be required, especially concerns old special equipment and techniques that are not designed to work at negative temperatures, such as cockpit insulation, installation of heated.
In addition, insulation or installation of heating on important nodes may be required: Motor installation, hydraulic system and so on.

Fuel supply system

It is recommended to clean, rinse all fueling.
It is also recommended to check on the stand, removed from the engine:

• injectors
• fuel pumping pump;
• high pressure fuel pump.

It is advisable to equip the technique of preheating heaters. This is especially true of diesel engineering. The market offers various heating systems from a simple electric heater in the fuel tank to complex electronic systems of preparing.

Oils, hydraulic fluids

With a decrease in temperature, the viscosity of liquids increases. On the special equipment it is required to control the seasonality of oil and transmission and fluid for hydraulics if hydraulics are used in the model.
If the liquids are not changed, then the technique at large negative temperatures can simply stop working. But even with relatively minor temperature decreases, a significant drop in power will be felt, increased fuel consumption, accelerated wear of the motor.

Accumulator battery

To operate in winter it is necessary to prepare a battery. With a decrease in temperature, the viscosity of the electrolyte increases, which leads partly to the discharge of the batteries. Also increases internally resistance of the battery with a decrease in the output voltage.
To extend the battery life, you must monitor the electrolyte density and control so that the battery is fully charged.

Maintenance

Conduct full maintenance of technology. If required to make the necessary repair.
Attention should be paid to the preparation of the body. In winter, reagents are used on the roads, an rust may begin to form a rust in the roads.
When carrying out attention:

1. Brake system. Change the desiccant filter. Check the status of the brake elements. To dry the air, remove the condensate. Check the brake fluid;
2. Clutch. Check similarly to check the brake system;
3. Coolant. Check the quality of the fluid (on the view: transparency, homogeneity, lack of mechanical impurities);
4. Flower system. Dry the residues of the summer fluid, fill out the "non-freezing" system.

Special equipment

Check the readiness to work at negative temperatures of special equipment.
If necessary:

• carry out repairs;
• replace liquids, oil;
• insulate
• install additional heating.

On this, the main activities can be considered completed. Winter is a test for both the driver and the technique. And with due preparation, many possible problems can be avoided.