Since our distant ancestors tamed a "fiery flower" (or received it for free from Prometheus), the flame of burning lane warms the body and the soul of man. Despite the fact that people came up with central heating, supercontamic solid fuel boilers and highly efficient wood-burning furnaces, a traditional open fireplace, leading its pedigree from an ancient focus of the Old Testament hut, although he gave way to his position, did not disappear from our dwelling. With an increase in the scale of private suburban construction and improving the quality of rural dwellings, an increasing number of our readers are interested in building a fireplace in country house.

Types of fireplaces depending on the location of the furnace

Outlook Fireplace

It is known from ancient times, but probably the story of him is still ancient. The fire is fenced with refractory material from three sides, which reduces the likelihood of fire, facilitates cleaning, allows you to upload relatively a large number of Firewood, having them closer to the rear wall. In ancient Western European dwellings, such structures often not only shot the premises, but also served as a hearth for cooking.

The traditional blurred fireplace in the chopped Finnish hollow, is composed of stone, the furnace is lined with the inside with steel sheets

The semi-open fireplace, as follows from the name, is completely fenced with one, back, side, less often with two. The side walls of the firebox of such a hearth are not either small. Stay out of the brick, the hanging console top is problematic, so half-open fireplaces are rarely made entirely stone. If only the bottom is to lay out the brick, and the cap from relatively light steel, the fireplace will not be associated with the carrier wall of the house. In the presence of a chimney, it can be mounted at any time after the construction of capital walls.

Flame, cautious in a half-open fireplace, can be overlooked from three sides, but keep it clean more difficult

Outdoor fireplace

It may be extremely effect in the middle of a spacious living room. Guests located around the live flame with a glass of Mulled wine on New Year's Eve will be extremely fascinated by his beauty. However, after the fire is surrounded, the open fireplace is recommended immediately carefully cleaned, otherwise the slightest twinge of the wind will split ashes and ashes around the room. Tract open fireplace less stable than worn out.

The refractory cap and the chimney of the open fireplace have a considerable weight, when building the ceiling designs, it is necessary to take into account

Design of home focus

Design and construction of the fireplace in domaly to start with the study of its device. Let us consider in more detail the classic design with a blurred firebox, it is this type of most rational and popular.

Firebox fireplace

The fireplace is the simplest furnace with an open furnace (fuel). Almost all heat penetrates the room due to radiant energy, unlike a closed furnace, where heat is more transmitted to a massive stone masonry, which also has a heat accelerator. So that heat directly from the fire and reflected from the walls of the firebox in the maximum amount radiated into the room, they are made shallow but wide. The proportions 1: 2.5, 1: 3 are optimal in this regard, but this is not a dogma. For the same purpose, the side walls are placed under the tilt to the back wall. Recommended angle - about 120º. The walls of the fuel should be smooth, as far as possible. It is possible to increase the return to the room with radiant energy by lining the furnace with a mirror reflective reflex material, for these purposes, the sheets of polished bronze or high-alloy steel will be suitable.

In terms of the furnace represents an impaired trapezium, the side faces of which are deployed, reflecting heat into the room. If you build a rectangular furnace, heat transfer will decrease

The impeller is the floor cladding from the fire-free material (brick, ceramics, stone, metal), a depth of 50 cm and a width of at least than the portal.

The implement site will save the floor from the fire in the event of a burning out of the fireplace of the burning coal

However, the spark can fly to more than 50 cm the distance, especially when using resinous firewood. The only absolute reliable method Protection from the departure of split particles - to equip the furnace with a grid-screen or glass doors.

Under and pondered

Lower part of the furnace under, It is performed from refractory material, the fireplace is more convenient to stall and maintain when it is raised above the floor level by 10-40 cm. Sostly, and it is often more beautiful, when under a few, on the half-brick-brick, stands forward on the walls of the fuel.

Under the laid out of the same material as the furnace, they have on the total foundation.

Firewood will burn more intense if they are blown away from all sides. Therefore, it is recommended to have them on the grid.

The lattice should not be too low, so that the ash could accumulate

Another option is to build a fireplace with a confusion, located in the face: this is an air channel with a grate grid at the top and the retractable ash drawer, which makes it easier to clean the fireplace. The grille pissed should be located closer to the rear wall of the furnace.

The air intake confused you can close the lattice door

Gas threshold

Important element The fireplace is a gas threshold, also called tooth, Guska, a protrusion, a visor, pass, etc., every songman calls him in his own way. This protrusion simultaneously performs several tasks:

• counteracts the emergence of air flow drops, minimizes the penetration of smoke and soot into the room, stabilizes the craving;
• prevents the emission of sparks from the chimney;
• does not get into the firebox with precipitation;
• it serves as a place to precipitate soot available for cleaning and not polluting the room.

By the way, there is no gas threshold in an open fireplace, so soot and ashes in it freely fall down. The horizontal regiment (mirror) of the threshold can be flat, or a lotco-shaped for better water and contamination delay. If the fireplace is not installed at the outer wall of the house, cleaning the mirror of the pass can be organized by setting up the door-cleaning with the back side and placing a shallow box (baggage) on the shelf.

The lower part of the tooth should be inclined toward the room. The chimney section is below the gas threshold (this part is called Higho) in its zone and on top (smoke collector) should not be less than the chimney pipe area.

The protrusion can be located not only at the rear wall, but also in front, and even around the perimeter. The main thing is that the projection of the chimney overlaps the threshold below

Speaking the construction of fireplaces with their own hands, the construction of the gas threshold should be paid to special attention, this is a rather complicated part of the part, on which the effectiveness of the fireplace depends largely.

In the fireplace, located in the center of the house, you can organize the cleaning of the gas threshold mirror through a separate channel with the door from the side to the firebox. Please note: the top of the tooth is at one level (it is possible slightly below) fracture of the front wall of the fuel

Chimney and catch

The fireplace is weaker than the oven, so chimney Make a straight, without smoke revolutions. Since the furnace is open, a large amount of air passes through the pipe. If the air current does not interfere, the fireplace is a powerful natural exhaust. In order not to work the focus not "blowing out" the heat out of the room in the cold season, the flue tube is installed. It can be simple or swivel (ram). How to correctly determine the cross-section of the chimney? It is easy: we divide the area of \u200b\u200bthe horizontal projection of the furnace to 10, if the chimney cross-section is round (asbestos-cement, ceramic, steel pipe) and 7, if the channel is rectangular. We build a fireplace, do not forget to thoroughly block the inner walls of the brick chimney. The pipe can be spread to the Pollipich thickness, at the point of intersection with wooden structures - with thickening to the whole brick.

Independent construction fireplace

There are many constructions of fireplaces, detailed drawings can be found in abundance in specialized literature and online. We will only briefly tell me how to build a fireplace with your own ways from the point of view of installation technologies.

Drawings with masonry orders can be found quite a lot and for every taste.

• The main masonry materials for the manufacture of the fireplace are ceramic brick and natural stone. Brick used only full, high-quality firing. The inner part of the fuel contact is in contact with the fire, you can lay out refractory chamotiously quartz bricks.
• The masonry solution must withstand a high temperature, therefore cement, whose characteristics deteriorate from thermal effects, are used only for the manufacture of a solution for masonry of the foundation and a chimney headband over the roof level. The chimney in the house can be postponed on a lime-sand solution (proportions 1: 2-1: 3), but the flue part (under, furnace, tooth, smoke collector) is recommended to be constructed on clay-sand. When we build a fireplace with our own hands, it is important to choose correctly and prepare clay. Red and white clay are used, plastic, with minimal sand content (fat). The proportion of clay and sand 1: 1-1: 2 depending on the fatty clay. It is possible to determine the suitability of the solution, having blinding the ball Ø 5 cm and the Ø10 cm cake and a centimeter thickness. To completely dry them. If they did not crack, and the ball during falling from the height of one meter did not split, the solution is suitable.

Clay solution should be fat enough to not crack

• Fireplace masonry techniques are standard, but special attention should be paid to the full filling of the seams with a solution. It is also necessary to consider that the clay solution gives a noticeable shrinkage and requires some time for a set of strength, so it is not necessary to strive to put the construction in one day. Ten rows for shifts are quite enough. Do not forget how to make bricks before work.

What fireplace is more efficient and more economical

Open focus is the most inefficient type of solid propellant generator. Unfortunately, combine the pleasure of the observation of living fire and the fuel economy is impossible. The efficiency of the open fireplace is 10-20%, the lion's share of heat-powered firewood in the literal sense of the word flies into the pipe. A closed fireplace equipped with a glass door, an air supply control system (feed grille and exhaust schieber), not an example of more efficient, efficiency can be brought to 70-80%, which is approaching the indicators of modern solid fuel boilers and exceeds the characteristics of traditional stoves of Russian and Dutch types. .

On sale there are heat-resistant glass doors with adjustable air supply, with which an open brick fireplace can be turned into a highly efficient closed. If the fireplace in your house serves not so much decoration as the source of heating - choose a closed design

Closed cast iron and steel furnaces can be equipped with an additional water circuit, allowing them to connect them to the water heating system or the system of connecting air ducts, due to which the fireplace serves as the basis of air heating. Water shirt can be embedded in brickwork.

Video: Fireplace do it yourself

And what you need to know before that, read below. The oven-fireplace is not only original decoration Houses, but also a means for heating the room.

So that the unit is really useful and pleased with the eye, it is necessary to determine the volume of the room where it will be placed, as well as pick up a place for it.

Fire dimensions

Know the size of the room is necessary in order to carry out the correct calculation of the sizes of the furnace. It is from the sizes of the furnace that the fireplace can warm this room.

The current fireplaces are made of refractory and form from special concrete. In addition, metal furnaces found wide use.

Placing the fireplace

Depending on the placement of the furnace in the room, distinguishes fireplaces:

• frontal;
• corner;
• separately standing.

Frontal or angular placement of the instrument is a classic option.

In this case, the oven fireplace is accommodated near the wall or in the corner. The advantage of this placement is that the unit in this case takes up little space.

Separately standing models, as a rule, round and symbolize something like an ancient focus. Such fireplaces are more efficient in the heat transfer.

The choice of a place where the heating device will be located is an exceptionally individual solution that depends on the preference of the owner of the house and from the overall interior of the room in which the heating means will be built.

The only condition that is worthwhile to keep in choosing a place for the fireplace is the absence of drafts that can negatively affect its work.

About chimney

An important part of the fireplace is the chimney that is responsible for the creation required conditions For good thrust. They can be made of brick, metal, ceramics, moreover, glass pipe modules can be used for their manufacture and much more.

Chimneys are:

• built-in;
• suspended;
• with a support for the fireplace.

Chimneys from bricks that rest on the fireplace in wooden house, require the construction of a special foundation. Built-in chimneys are a vertical channel through which smoke is displayed, they are installed inside the enclosing wall. Pendant chimneys are attached, as a rule, to the carrying roof structures.

But whatever the removal of smoke, when it is design, it is necessary to take into account that its cross section and the height will directly depend on the size of the furnace.

Foundation and foundation

If everything is solved with the fireplace parameters, attention should be paid. Its construction begins with digging of the pits to a depth of 20-40 cm. The bottom of the pit is filled with sand and small rubble, compacted with a rubbing and poured with a liquid solution.

Now you can proceed to the main brick laying. It is worth noting that the foundation should be wider from all sides than the founding of the fireplace furnace.

Its external parties are built according to the likeness of the well, the stones are covered inside and the liquid solution is poured. The height of the foundation somewhere on two bricks should be below the floor.

Construction of chimney

The yield of smoke through the chimney should occur evenly, without curling. Therefore, the walls inside the chimney should be smooth, and the seams need to thoroughly rub. Especially it concerns brick masonry.

When erecting the chimney, it is necessary to take into account the fact that it periodically needs to be cleaned. To this end, the design needs to provide hearing windowFrom which, with the help of a special ladder, you can get to the pipe.

An equally important role in the device of the chimney plays the garbage collector. In it during cleaning will fall soot and other trash. In view of this, it is also necessary to make access to the garbage collector so that then it can be easily cleaned.

Fireplaces do it yourself - photo:

Want a tricky, troublesome is to build a similar structure with your own hands. But everything is possible!

Video - how to make a fireplace from a brick:

P.S. It is much easier to invite a specialist or buy a fireplace oven, they are now fully on sale. But if you want to build a useful aggregate yourself, then the output is one, buy literature and become a specialist in this area.

The property of the private house is made up of many things: high-quality repairs from the inside and outside, the presence of refined pricework, use in the interior of natural materials, etc. A very strongly affects the comfort and presence in the wooden house fireplace or, at worst, oven. Frame crackling in fireplace, hot flame - all this is the indispensable attributes of a pleasant evening in the frosty winter period.
Many owners of private property dream of having a stove or fireplace in their home, but traditionally associate them with great expenses. It is necessary to find a skillful master who will be able to conscientiously build a stove, advise good and, if possible, inexpensive building materials. The wildests even decide to make this difficult job with their own hands. Moreover, many are now fond of construction and repair. Self-taper builders will use several tips how to build a fireplace (oven) with the smallest losses with their own hands.

Fireplace and its device

First of all, it should be understood that the fireplace is the same oven, but with an open furnace. As fuel for the fireplace, ordinary firewood is most often used. This is the cheapest and affordable fuel. Wood fireplaces consist of two main parts:
- a fuel (there is a burning);
- chimney for output carbon monoxide and other products of combustion.

Under the fifthist is always intensified, where the ash is refused. More detailed design of the fireplace is presented in photo 1 and 2.

Carefully read these schemes and recommendations that are given on them before building a furnace in a wooden house (either the fireplace) with your own hands. Each element in these schemes is extremely important. For example, in photo 1 it is indicated that it should be implanted and have a throttle valve.

The base on which the oven will stand should be well fortified and independent. It should not pass any communications (wires, pipes, etc.). The weight of the furnace (fireplace) is large enough. The structure is massive and heavy. In a wooden house, a solid foundation should be made for him. He will not allow your fireplace just to fall, causing the fire and serious destruction of the building.

Please note that the shape of the chimney is always somewhat bent. This solves 2 tasks. First of all, a similar form warns from the place of sparks from the fire. On the other hand, the curved chimney protects the flame in the kiln from its rain. In photo 2, not only the fireplace scheme itself is shown, but also its parameters. So if you want to build a wood fireplace in a wooden house with your own hands, you can use the information suggested.

How to make a fireplace technology

Before starting work, not only perform drawings, but also to find for the future fireplace appropriate place In the house (photo 3). There are several rules that need to be taken into account when building a fireplace / furnace with their own hands. You can not put the furnace directly opposite the window, because all the heat will pull the draft. The room will be warm very weak. And although this oven will not help in the winter to warm the whole house, such an inexpedient energy consumption is still not constructive.

Choosing a place for the oven, try to find such a position so that the warm air from the furnace goes to the room, and did not go to the door or window. Be sure to take care of the safety technique. Any easily flammable items (curtains, curtains, etc.) should not be close to the fireplace.

The sizes of the fireplace in the parameters of the room are calculated. In photo 4 shows a table for which you can determine optimal dimensions wood stove For room with an area of \u200b\u200b12 to 40 square meters. meters. Height / portal width, fuel depth, height / width of its back wall and other fireplace dimensions are combined with room parameters. And yet: the diameter of the circular chimney should be at least 100 mm. Pipe length \u003d 5 m (average).

What materials are required for the construction of the fireplace

After calculations and selection of the place, the purchase of materials should be purchased. Did you decide to do everything with your own hands or hired professional masters, it's all the same for the construction of a furnace in a wooden house:

- Gravel;

- Sand (for considerations of saving it can be sifted and cleaned from stones with their own hands);

- cement;

- Full-time brick (quality is very important! Choose this building material carefully);

- chammatory brick (it is refractory);

- fittings d \u003d 10 mm (20 pcs 700 mm long);

- steel sheet;

— decorative rock for cladding;

- damper for chimney.

Photo 5.

In photo 5 shows a simplified application scheme for certain building materials From this list. Wood fireplaces have many details that can not be replaced (for example, the same damper). They are sold in the finished form. If you decide to build home furnace on firewood or fireplace, be sure to visit the building materials supermarket. Now on sale there is a very decent choice of everything that is necessary. At the same time in such trading point You can get a lot of useful information about the quality of certain building materials.

Foundation

Since wood fireplaces are erected from bricks, they have a significant mass. The foundation is simply necessary here. First you need to make a deepening for it. I dig up a hole with a depth of at least 70 cm. The width should be greater than the width of the future fireplace of centimeters by 15. Foundation Standard Filling Technology:
- Poam's bottoms fall asleep rubble and tamper;
- from the old boards remaining after construction, formwork is performed for the fill of the cementing solution;
- The solution is prepare from the ratio: 1 mass of cement - 3 masses of sainted sand;
- Fill the space inside the formwork with a solution, the top is spilling and cover with a polyethylene film.

When the solution should be freezed, you can begin to make masonry. Check each brick. It should be perfect, without chipping, roughness and cracks. Before working, experienced cooks soak bricks in water so that all air bubbles come out of microscopic voids. The clay for masonry is also soaked in water, after which they smear to complete homogeneity.

Masonry: how to make it with your own hands

Before making the masonry of the fireplace, the foundation must be sealing a layer of waterproofing (the rubberoid is suitable). He will protect the future design from dampness, which brick will pull out of the soil. Photo 6 shows how brickwork is performed. Please note: each row of bricks must be located perfectly smoothly, strictly horizontally, so throughout the work will have to constantly check with the level. How flawlessly the oven will work, sufficient will be in it a traction depends on the thoroughness of this work.

As detailed instructions Suitable and video. It shows in detail how step by step to make the right masonry. At each stage, the explanations are followed how and how many rows the brick is stacked. Note that the internal chambers are lined with chammatory (refractory) brick, which is perfectly withstanding the long effect of extremely high temperatures.

Finish

When the masonry is completed, it follows finish finish. There are many options for facing the fireplace. Depending on the materials, it is possible to achieve one or another decorative effect (photo 7-8). Very popular reception of contrast selection of seams between bricks. IN cement mortar To do this, add dye and smear it to a uniform distribution of the coloring substance. It is necessary to smell the seams extremely gently, because in this way you literally form the final kind of your fireplace.

Before starting work, the fireplace is always checked. To find out, whether it is good or whether there are no other flaws in the design, the furnace needs to protrud on the clock for hours of 7-8. This test will immediately detect even the slighteners. They will have to be corrected, completely shifting fireplace.

It is for this reason that the attention is focused on the quality of the execution of brickwork. If errors were made, you just can not use the new fireplace at home. If you manage to understand everything and you are ready to attach the maximum effort, you can easily fulfill this difficult, but grateful work.

Many of us dream to sit in the winter stepmast near the warm fireplace, read alone or talk to close people in a cozy atmosphere. But not everyone knows how to make a fireplace on their own. In fact, if you wish, you can all, including to build a simple fireplace.

Planning and calculation

Before engaged in the construction of a fireplace in a private house or cottage, it is necessary to properly design it, as well as perform the calculations of all expenses related to its construction, i.e. Make a estimate.

The cost of works depends on the type of fireplace, its finishes various materials And from many components. It is necessary to take into account not only its location, the height of the ceilings, the floors of the building, but also the features of the foundation, the material of the floor and the facade walls, as well as the need for insulation,

Some experts suggest that at least 50 thousand rubles will need if you build a brick fireplace, lined with natural stones, in a two-story small house (pipe diameter from 200 to 260 cm). Consider the main stages of the construction of such a fireplace.

Device fireplace

The main components of the fireplace are the furnace and chimney, but the remaining elements are no less important for its effective functioning:

• smoke collector
• heating device
• solnik
• grate
• the catch (below the furnace under the grille of the grate where the ash falls)
• lining (internal thermal insulation layer of fireplace facing)
• fire cutter
• forced convection system
• protective doors

Types of fireplaces and their main parameters

The location of the fireplace determines its appearance.

• Wailed fireplace

The most common. It happens, usually large sizes and is located at the wall. He is erased even in the long house built. The wall to which the chimney is attached should be fire-resistant.

• Built-in fireplace

The smallest. Embed into some niche walls. It should be erected at the construction stage of the house.

• Corner fireplace

The most beautiful and spectacular. Located in the corner of the room. Its chimney is attached to one adjacent wall.

• Separately standing fireplace

Island. It has the form of a flat platform, which rises above the floor surface.

How to choose a place for the fireplace

Do not place a fireplace on drafts, in the corridor or near the stairs, as well as in the rooms less than 20 m2. It is necessary to analyze the bearing ability of the foundation and overlap, to provide free space before the focus.

In a wooden house, there should be events to ensure safety: the floor - from the fire-resistant material, the distance from the furnace to the flammable elements and materials should be at least 800 mm.

Materials for the construction of the fireplace

To build a fireplace from bricks, materials will be required as:

• Red (oven) Brick for fireplace

It is advisable to purchase a chimney brick specifically designed for such purposes. At the same time, it should have very good quality (without flaws, a homogeneous structure, a bright color, the correct form). Cold with a hammer every brick, a special clean sound must be published. A poor-quality brick makes a deaf sound. A bluish-black or dark gray color says that the brick was lying. White spots indicate that drying technology has not been observed. On the middle fireplace requires 250 - 300 bricks (without pipe). The refractory chamotte brick (or increased fire resistance) is used for the lining of the fifumes.

• Clay, sand and cement

It is better to use red clay (0.5 cubic meters, depending on fatness), but can also be ordinary. If refractory brick will be applied, it will take refractory clay. The need is the highest sand (it is desirable that it has a fraction of no more than 1.5 mm) is about 0.6-0.8 m3. The need of ordinary cement (200 or 300 brand) is 100 kg (along with foundation work).

• Additional materials

For the device of the foundation for the fireplace, a crushed stone will be needed (fraction up to 6 cm) - 0.2 m3. A smoke damper, blanks from reinforcement (about 20 pcs, diameter 10 mm, length 700 mm), grille with grate, chimney and other materials for construction work.

Brick firemarkers - General rules

• Preparatory stage

Before masonry, bricks are unfolded in accordance with the scheme in the drawing. First lay out a dry row. Bricks configure one to another.

• Laying wall fireplace

The masonry is carried out from angular bricks, strictly controlling each number of levels. Then they lay a row along the perimeter (external), and at the end - lay the middle. Thin seams are completely filled with solution, the narrowings and turns of the gas chimney are spinning. Pulling of seams is performed on half of the brick in each row. Each layer Check with the drawing, mark the rows with chalk or pencil. The exterior walls and laying of the lining do not bandage.

• Laying of curvilinear surfaces

The surfaces of the archs and the smoke collector, having surface curves, are laid out with a brick (preferably not more than 6 cm). Then, the hole of the penal portal is overlapped with brick jumpers (clinches, arched, vaulted), which are arranged by formwork-cliché. Construction begins with bookmarked, and then along the outline of the desired fireplace arch. The lock brick is installed on the grinding after creating supporting spots. After that, the masonry must be carried out simultaneously on both sides.

• Facial facilities fireplaces

It is important in the process of masonry work all the inner walls of the channels, the smoke collector, the fifume is wiped with wet rag, removing the excess solution. It is not recommended to plaster inside the fireplace, and the brick is laid only by the most even facet inside the channel or the fuel.

Newbie without practicing a bother to make a brick fireplace to put a brick fireplace - the task is extremely difficult. But the three components - the presence of time, patience and great desire - will help you succeed and make a wonderful home, source of comfort and heat in the living room. We will provide all theoretical information and tell about the procedure for conducting masonry work in the form of a simple instruction.

General and device

In essence, the traditional English fireplace is a furnace of a simplified design consisting of such main elements:

• the open furnace of large sizes in the form of a rectangular niche (portal) laid out of a full-scale ceramic brick;
• the direct chimney shown in the diagram is equipped with a special protrusion - a fireplace tooth and a suspended part - smoke collector;
• the imperative front site plays a decorative role and at the same time protects the floors from the sparks from the fuel;
• traction valve for adjusting the thrust.

Note. In simple designs, the grain and the ash camera is not provided, the firewood is burned directly on the brick sub.

In the current conditions, fireplaces are built solely to create a unique atmosphere of comfort in private homes and dachas, and not to organize heating. The fact is that open foci is extremely inffective, even in more complex models with two efficiency efficiency, the efficiency does not exceed 20%, since the lion's share of heat simply goes to the street through the pipe.

Scheme of a complex fireplace with two smoke revolutions

The heating of the room occurs due to infrared radiation secreted by an open flame. As soon as it fades, the heat transfer is stopped. Convective heating here does not work - a chimney thrust having a large cross section literally sucks heat out of the room along with air flow. Reduce the transverse size of the pipe is impossible - the fireplace will get to the room. For the same reason, brick walls practically do not accumulate warmth.

Council for calculating the sizes of the hearth. In the construction of fireplaces, it is important to achieve a compromise between the smoke of the room and too strong, contributing to the removal of heat along with the air. The flowing cross section of the chimney should be 1/9 part from the area of \u200b\u200bthe open part of the fuel (portal). In turn, the dimensions of the front opening are accepted in the 1/50 ratio to the room area, and its height is 1.5-2 times the depth of the furnace.

So that you can correctly select the fireplace dimensions, without deepening in the calculations, we present a table with the size of the main elements tied to the area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

Fireplace Masonry Instructions

On various Internet resources and technical literature it is easy to find a variety of projects of domestic and street foci, accompanied by coaches and photos. But the traditional English fireplace, which we suggest putting beginners, is based on all the proposed designs. As an example, we analyze a relatively small model shown in the drawing and designed to room with an area of \u200b\u200b20-25 m².

Note. If your room is distinguished by dimensions, then the dimensions in the drawing can be changed in accordance with the table, only more accurately adjust them under the length and thickness of the brick (taking into account the seams of 5 mm).

Step-by-step stages of work look like this:

1. Preparation - the choice of place for the future of the hearth and the purchase of building materials.
2. The device is a reliable base - reinforced concrete or brick foundation.
3. Preparation of solution and masonry.
4. Trestle rally and heating.

According to the design, fireplaces are divided into wall, angular and built-in. We chose the first option because of the ease of execution - the construction is erected next to the existing wall. Do angular model Without proper experience, it is much more difficult, and to embed a design to the partition, the last will have to disassemble.

The optimal placement of the focus is near the inner bearing wall or partition, closer to the center of the room. At the same time, try not to complicate the alert of the flue pipe through the roof - make sure that it does not get into the horse. On both sides of the fireplace, you need to provide free space along the walls of at least 1 m. The worst place for the focus is near the outdoor fence or next to the doors.

Council. In too little rooms up to 12 m², the fireplaces are not recommended. Especially, it is not allowed to build them in the apartments of multi-storey houses. Exit from the position is to establish a gas or electric fireplace furnace and make a decorative brick and drywall cladding, as shown in the diagram.

Necessary building materials

To independently fold the fireplace according to the above drawing, the following materials must be prepared:

• ceramic full-length brick - 300 pcs.;
• chamotal (refractory) brick - 120 pcs.;
• chimney valve;
• dry building mixture for refractory masonry - 150 kg;
• ready clay and sand mixture for lays down furnaces - 250 kg;
• metal equestal corner 50 x 3 mm - 2.5 m;
• door oven revision.

Red ceramic brick brand 150-200 - the main material used in the bary. Choose a full-time stone standard sizes 250 x 120 x 65 mm without cracks, preferably with smooth sides. Building materials of low quality and used to apply for masonry of fireplaces can not be.

Chamotted brick used to form fuel and coal ovens, produced in different sizes. You are suitable for a stone 250 x 124 x 65 mm brand Sha, laid on a special solution of refractory clay and a measureer.

Council for saving material. An ordinary ceramic brick is calmly withstands the temperature of 700 ° C, which corresponds to heating when burning firewood. Fireproof stones whose price is significantly higher, calculated for the maximum temperature of 1690 ° C. Hence the conclusion: if you do not plan to heat the fireplace daily, then feel free to make the combustion chamber from the cheaper red brick.

Chimney masters are able to prepare a masonry solution from individual components - sand and clay (cement is not added!), Intuitively selecting accurate proportions. The newcomers remains nothing but to build a fireplace based on ready-made dry mixes sold in stores. If you want to make a solution yourself, we strongly recommend first to fill your hand on simpler structures. For example, fold street mangal Or a barbecue, selecting the proportions experimentally to feel all the nuances of working with clay.

We arrange foundation

Since the total mass of a brick focus exceeds 1 ton, without a reliable reason can not do. It must be arranged separately from the foundation of the house, withstanding the minimum indent 5 cm. If the fireplace is supposed to be built in the cuddered room, then you will have to open the floor on a plot that exceeds the dimensions of the future design by 100 mm in each direction. For our example, the size of the site will be 137 x 124 cm (according to the diagram above, the construction dimensions are equal to 127 x 114 cm).

Foundation for a fireplace Follow the following step by step instructions:

1. Dock the pit and thoroughly confuse the bottom. Depth is determined by the existing foundation at home.
2. Put on the bottom of the sand and once again compact. The total thickness of the pillow is 100 mm.
3. Boots to launch to the level of the ground by a butt. In the process of frustration, pour all cavities with liquid cement or lime solid Interest with clay.
4. Form a smooth concrete site on top and after frozen to put 2 layers of waterproofing from a regular rubberoid on it.

Note. The fragments of concrete, old brick, shell and other piece materials will rise.

The second stage of the foundation laying can be performed in two ways: pour the reinforced concrete slab or lay out the base of the red brick. The first option, shown in the drawing, is more reliable and convenient for further construction, since the solid cooker allows you to put the wall anywhere in the site. It is realized:

1. Make and install a wooden formwork to the height of the clean floor of the building with such a calculation so that the foundation plate performed for the dimensions of the future fireplace by 50 mm in all directions.
2. Tie a mesh from iron reinforcement with a diameter of 12-16 mm and set it up at an altitude of 5 cm from the frontieroid, using small wood linings.
3. Prepare the brand 150 concrete, mixing cement M400, sand and rubble in proportions 1: 3: 5. Place the concrete mix into the formwork and align the site with the rule in the construction level.

After 7 days of hardening the concrete formwork, remove and process the walls of the foundation by bitumen mastic. Before laying out the fireplace, wait for the full pouring reinforced concrete plate (for another 3 weeks), after which it is shutter by 2 layers of rubberoid and proceed to the masonry itself. To prevent errors in the foundation device, see the video from the furnace master:

Fireplace rules

Share a conventional wall and body of a brick fireplace - two different things. So before building a homely hearth, check out common rules His construction:

• in the manufacture of refractory and clay solutions, it is clearly observing the ratio of the dry mixture and water indicated on the packaging by the manufacturer;
• stones of each row first lay out dry, customize and sign according to the coaches, and only then put on the solution;
• red brick before laying in place soak in water for 3-5 minutes until air bubbles stop appear;
• observe the maximum thickness of the seams of 5 mm;
• plots of masonry from ceramic and chamotte brick do not bind each other;
• constantly check the vertical at different points with a plumb and a horizontal building level;
• when installing corners of metal, a number of stones resting on it need to be putting without a solution.

Note. Fireproof stones are not recommended to soak, but only rinsed with water from dust, because the material gives moisture for a long time and after the extracts can burst.

In the process of work, bricks can be broken, but it is extremely undesirable in the horizontal plane. Remove the solutions of the solution, remove the trowel, and on the inside, wipe the entire wall with a damp cloth so that a smooth surface is formed. Detailed description See the next video:

Procedure for conducting work

The first thing the foundation plate is covered with a sheet of galvanized roofing iron, and from above - basalt cardboard. However, according to specialists, the latter is successfully replaced by felt, impregnated with liquid clay. The required set of masonry tool is shown in the figure.

The first two rows of ceramic brick is formed by the base of the fireplace and the prestope platform, 3rd and 4th - subsidence of the furnace. Please note: the red and chamotte stone is designated in various colors. The fifth and subsequent rows (up to the 11th) form the walls of the combustion chamber and the outdoor portal contour.

Setting the 12th row of stones, set steel corners that serve as a support of the front wall. The following levels form a smoke collector and a fireplace tooth, which is shown on the order scheme. On the 16th row in the rear wall, the clean door is embedded.

Rows of bricks from the 17th to the 23rd form the body of the fireplace, and the remaining 3 levels are chimney. The 26th row in it is embedded in it.

Further masonry of the chimney is performed until the desired height at the same diagram, excluding the passage node through the overlap. Here it is necessary to post a special extension - cutting, whose task is to protect wooden designs from hot flue gases. According to the rules of fire safety, combustible overlap material must be protected. brick wall 38 cm in thickness. All chimney pipe requirements, including its height, are reflected in the scheme:

In conclusion - the trial extract of the hearth

After drying the solution, which will take 10-14 days, produce the first extract. It is important here to comply with one rule: all the masonry should warm up gradually so that there are no cracks. Put on a sub-following small twig or pinch or pinch, fully open the damper and burn them. Next, put the firewood with small portions within a few hours, watching the walls of the hearth and chimney. Fix the appearance of cracks - then you finish them with the same solution.

Ready fireplace can be issued different ways - Stuning, decorate with tiles with tiles or paint. Of course, provided that after full heating, it functions properly and the masonry did not give large cracks. If you did everything according to the instructions and without a rush, then commissioning will surely cost without problems.