Amazing fact - in most tips for the care and cultivation of vegetables are used term " humus"But only half of the gardeners and gardeners (based on a survey conducted by one horticultural magazine), can correctly and briefly explain what it is ..

Definition and terms:

Humus is the same as overwhelmed (mature) manure. If the value of this word is not explained, then it follows it in this sense. When they write about "sheet humus", they mean a sheet compost (or leafy land). Now call compost is no longer accepted. But in old, unsuccessful or written off from different sources of books and articles you can meet such a name. In this case, explains what (from which prepared) humus is meant.

Physical properties

Ready to eat humus - this is a homogeneous, loose, bulk brownish mass, without smell of ammonia and rot (the smell should be the earthy, "spring"). Specific gravity - 500-800 kg / cube. m. One bucket contains approximately 6 kg.

Agronomic properties

It is rich in nutrients, absorbs and keeps moisture well. Moreover, its particles do not lose elasticity, there are air gaps for the respiration of roots between them. Therefore, humidifies any soil: in the sandy, it holds water and nutrients in the roots zone, heavy clay helps "fluff": makes loose, air, nutritious.

The use of humoring as a mulch creates special conditions in the upper layer of soil: it does not form peel with capillaries, which like a sponge pulls moisture from the soil. Heavy soil does not swim.

Under mulch, rainworms will be pulled and useful bacteria that increase the efficiency of the roots. The soil under it slower cools and heats up, the temperature changes smoothly.

It helps to survive with plant exotam: in the fall they have time to gradually prepare for wintering, and at the end of winter and in the spring they do not wake up ahead of time n do not risk falling under the blow of refundable frosts.

In severe heat, the soil surface is not burned with the root neck of plants. But it is precisely through the scene of the burn that the pathogens of the Verticillez, Clematis, pepper and other cultures will usually penetrate.

Nutrients that are rich in a mulch from humoring, gradually come to the roots of plants with irrigation and rains. Finally, the humus is irreplaceable when growing seedlings and demanding food. As part of the substrate, it is very useful for eggplants, cucumbers and other pumpkin cultures, begonias, hibiscus, pelargonium.

How to prepare humus

Recently, in the horticultural markets, you can buy ready-made humus in bags, however, at a fairly high price. It is more profitable to buy manure on the farm and prepare humus independently.

The literature describes a lot of tricks, without which "according to the authors, it is impossible to prepare the" correct "humus. In fact, everything is not so difficult: the manure is laid out for ripening in a bunch or in a compost box. From above are covered with rubberoid, shields, can and dark film, if a box is used, which is ventilated through the sidewalls. It's not scary if the shelter slightly passes the water, the main thing is that the rains are not washed with a mass through. Maturation lasts 1.5-2 years. The humus was ripe when it became a bulk, uniform dark color throughout the volume, and its volume decreased by 3-4 times relative to the source.

How to speed up the ripening

While heat, roughly once a month, turn the humus to the humus, trying to rise deeper, and in front of it, slightly moisturize.

Place a collection for ripening in a secluded place, not blown up with the northern winds, then it will not be fluent and the bacteria will continue to work even and early winter.

Use EM-preparations (Baikal, "Lights-3" and others), accelerating the ripening of the compost.

How to use humus

It is a very valuable material, it is useful for all garden, garden and indoor cultures with almost no limit. Exception - only some decorative culturesrequiring depleted soil (plants for "", desert cacti, orchids). Moderate dose is made under some annuals (Nasturtium, Cosmeya, Esholzolization): They can "live" in the excess of the organicists, that is, increasing the leaves to the detriment of flowering.

Under the landing of vegetables, colors, sad strawberry The humus is made at 2-4 buckets per square meter.

For most indoor plants It is used as an additive to nutritional soil, an average of approximately 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the total.

For seedlings of vegetables and colors, the humus is introduced into the nutrient substrate on average about 1/2 of the total.

You can also read another interesting article on the preparation of compost.

The humus is a pumping (or rather, overwhelmed) manure - excellent organic fertilizer, the time of the eyelids used by farmers to increase the yield of almost all cultures.

High-quality humus is a loose brown mass, an easy and homogeneous, having a smell of ammonia. It smells like a forest bedding, spring earth, but not by manure. If the humor (especially obtained from chicken litter) is present an ammonium smell - it means it does not fully caused.

Usually, it is necessary to obtain a good humoring from 2 to 5 years. It all depends on the quality of the manure laid in the Bourge, on its storage conditions. If the manure is vested with peat, land, sawdust, then the overload is accelerated and the quality of fertilizer at the outlet is much better. Accelerates the ripening of the organics a dark film, pounded into a bunch, which allows you to keep moisture and keep the heat required for the vital activity of bacteria.

Humile - wonderful organic feeding! It is suitable for the fertilizer of almost all cultures (exception - rhododendrons, blueberries, heers, desert cacti). It is used on sandy soils (it keeps moisture well), and on clay (perfectly tears them). The reworked manure is added to the landing pits, use both the main fertilizer under the poppump, as well as the mulch for fruit and berry crops, vegetables and colors.

Compost

Compost - organic mass, resulting from the decomposition of various plant residues stored in boxes or crutes. Externally, it looks like humus, as it represents a dark loose mass, often with the inclusions of non-inflexible branches or bark, with a weak pleasant smell of fresh land.

As a rule, the composition for the preparation of compost includes almost the entire organic existing on the site - weeds, beveled lawn grass, Kitchen cleaning, vegetables tops, thin branches. Compost is obtained better and ripens before, if the layers (no more than 10 cm height) alternate - wet with dry, and move the peat, garden ground, phosphoritic flour. Well, if you use manure and bird litter - Such a substrate will be excellent fertilizer.

Usually, the mature compost can be obtained 2 years after the bookmark, but with modern composting accelerators or an aeration of the compost heap, the process is accelerated to one season.

Compost makes similarly how to use humus. According to its qualities, these two fertilizers are largely similar - they improve the structure of the soil and supply plants with nutrients. However, if for most land owners to get a humus or make it very problematic, then cook compost is quite easy.

Sources:

• Own experience

Humile - very effective tool To improve the structure of the soil and increase its fertility. In addition, the soil containing humus, much longer delays moisture, thereby helping cultivated plants to transfer drought and frost. Make this beautiful remedy yourself completely at the power of gardeners and gardens, especially since the material for its manufacture is always at hand.

You will need

• - fallen foliage;
• - Rake;
• - 4 wooden palls;
• - metal grid.

Instruction

Preparation Stripping Start in the fall. It is at this time in the gardens or in the surrounding territories a huge amount of material for its manufacture - fallen leaves from trees and shrubs. You can collect them with a robber in any weather, both in sunny and rainy. Moreover, the wet foliage is faster exposed to decomposition.

For the preparation of humus can be used the most diverse foliage. However, different species are different expansion terms. So leaves of deciduous trees (birch, oak, maple, etc.) turn into humus pretty quickly, in just one year.

Recently, it became fashionable to decorate the garden coniferous and evergreen plants (Samshat, Tis, Biryuchi, Rhododendron, different kinds Juniper and many others). Their foliage and chevy can also be used to prepare a leaf humor, but it will decompose longer to two or three years. To speed up the process, it is recommended to grind it in the sterrid or a lawn mower.

Make a special design. Follow the square with the sides of 1 m. Stick in every angle one wooden peg. Cover them metal mesh. Also, instead, you can use any plastic container or polyethylene garbage bags.

Locate the collected foliage into the container and firmly endure, we water with water on top. The container should be kept open to the foliage moistened with rains.

Next, it remains only to wait for the result. By the fall of next year, a great young leaf humus, which can be used as a mulch, scattering around fruit trees And bushes, or joining the soil around the plants.

After 2-3 years, the so-called humidier is obtained from the foliage. This is a dark loose substrate, which is perfect for growing seedlings. If you mix it with compost and sand, then it will be so far for indoor plants.

note

In the sheet metal almost no nutrients, so it should not be used as a fertilizer. Its main task is the detention of moisture in the roots of plants and improving the soil structure, because humus is a favorite habitat of rainworms.

Helpful advice

The humus obtained from pine needles is a wonderful means for mulching plants that love sour soil (Azalei, Vereskov, Rhododendrons, Hortensia, etc.).

Humane is favorable as a fertilizer for almost any plant garden and garden. It can be added to grooves, wells and pits when planting, mixed with soil with a peopling for enrichment with nutrient elements and improve its structure.

You will need

• - manure of domestic animals;
• - peat;
• - phosphoritic flour;
• - a pad for the manurement;
• - Tools (forks and shovel).

Instruction

In order to get humus, the manure used as a litter in animal stalls is extracted with the help of forks and consists of an outdoor stack. You can add it simply into the dung bunch, water with water and after a few months to get a semi-proverse manure, which is quite suitable for fertilizing garden crops. But in a completely overwhelmed dung - humid, useful substances for plants are in an easily-friendly form. Therefore, the humus is considered best fertilizer.

For the formation of high-quality humor, the site is needed outdoors. The optimal width of the stack is 2 meters, the height is 1-1.5 meters, any longer, depending on the number of manure. The manure stack extracted from the stall is moved when layering a peat layer. It is best to lay a layer of manure 20 centimeters and spend the peat layer 2 centimeters. The layers slightly seal so that the decomposition process is slower and better. In the process of decomposition of manure, a lot of nitrogen-containing fluid is released from it. In order to maintain all nitrogen in the future, humid, manure and crush the moisture peat or with good absorbent properties of phosphoritic flour.

The last top layer of manure is covered with a layer of peat in 30 centimeters. You can use dry straw, leaves or dried grass for this purpose. This is done so that nitrogen does not disappear and the stack is not freezing in the winter. The resulting stack is left for overwhelming for a period of seven months. Depending on what type of manure wants to get. Fully decomposed manure - humus - is formed in the period from one to three years.

The humus is the last stage of manure processing. In addition to overworked fecal masses and bedding, it contains a large number of pumping residues. But all this is in it already in a state of homogeneous mass. In the process of overheating all organic substances Take a loose consistency, the humid mass acquires a rich brown or dark brown, almost black.

Many cultures, such as beets, carrots, potatoes, radish, do not require annual motion. Under them, in the fall of humus in the fall, and in the second year - in the spring mineral fertilizers. The rest, especially cucumbers, zucchini, peppers, eggplants, tomatoes, cabbage, need and in annual motion, and in annual making mineral fertilizers.

The farm always has a lot of organic waste - leaves in autumn, vegetables, fruits, manure pets and birds. Of all this, you can cook excellent fertilizer without spending a lot of strength. It is called fertilizer - compost, which means compounded from individual components.

The principle of cooking is simple - to compose layers, give them to track and drive. To prepare the compost, certain types of bacteria are needed - anaerobic or aerobic, depending on how to lay the components.

Dimensions of fertilizer

How to make compost in the country with your own hands - will tell any experienced gardenerwho practices natural organic fertilizers to restore Earth. Only here is a recipe for each different - by the number and quality of components, the timing of ripening, the use of bacteria.

The general features are different recipes:

• What microorganisms are involved in the process of composting.

• Whether manure is added, or only plant residues.

• Which box is used or components are folded into the pit without air access.

• What time of year there is a bookmark.

number nutrients The fertilizer depends on how to make compost in the country - open or in a closed way. In the absence of oxygen, the ripening process is slower, but most of the batteries are preserved.

For closed method It is necessary to completely isolate the mass of air penetration. In such a medium, anaerobic bacteria develops well that get energy without oxygen.

If you give access to air, then the preparation of composts will go faster, but the nutritional elements at the output will also be less. The aerobic method allows to avoid zaking, but requires regular stirring of the layers to provide oxygen access. If this is not done, most of the useful microorganisms will die without air.

Biohumus

How to make a compost with your own hands so that 1 liter replaced 10 kg of manure - to provide your work with rainwrites. The fact is that they quickly recycle the organic and allocate livestry products in environment - That is, in the compost bourge.

The method of cooking biohumus will be somewhat different from the usual composting of waste in the country. Components are entered into small layers, then red Californian worms are satisfied - they are record holders for eating vegetation.

When eukaryotes recycle substances, the tops are pepper with tops and worms are moved to the top layer behind a new portion of food. At the bottom of the box is made the door so that you can ship the finished compost.

Pluses this method a lot, but there are disadvantages: the worms are needed a constant temperature - in the cold they fall into the hibernation, so the box is put in the warm room. It requires moisture control so that the substrate does not swam, as well as the constant feeding of worms.

If you are interested in how to quickly make a compost, so that in a couple of months it could be used on purpose - it is necessary to attract worms. Fast compost do not need to wait a year and a half, but just a couple of months. Apply it for both garden and indoor plants.

The benefits of organic compost

Organic fertilizers are able to restore even the most informable land. The need for an organizing occurs when mineral fertilizers were used for too long - non-chelate, but in the form of salts.

So that the soil did not lose their physicochemical characteristics, it must be fertilized by the Organic once every three years. It may be manure, siturates, humid or compost.

The organic serves as nutrition for soil bacteria, thanks to which the formation of humus occurs. Humic acids - the main factor of fertility of the Earth. An organic increases the volume of soil and keeps water. Without moisture, the bacteria cannot survive, therefore, there will be no one to recycle organic matter.

The recycled organic guide is safe for the root system of plants. If fresh manure make to the holes, then poisonous methane and carbon dioxide They will damage the young seedlings. In the process of ripening of the compost heap, all harmful substances will be destroyed, only useful remains.

Mineral substances from organic compost are fully absorbed by plants, unlike chemical fertilizers, degree of digestibility of which about 30%. It is explained by this natural chelating of trace elements. An organic manner passes through the digestive path of bacteria and comes out in the organic shell of humic acids.

In this form, the plant can fully absorb nutrition - nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and trace elements.

Components included in organic fertilizer

Found out what compost is how to do it is another question. The fact is that there are also errors here:

• Incorrectly mixed components. Some components cannot be added to the maturing compost pile - they increase the maturation time or lead to the burning stop.

• When using additional bacteria concentrates, we used not to be the species. For example - fused the start of anaerobic microorganisms and opened air access. Or vice versa - closed oxygen aerobam, which is why those died.

• Components for too tightly laid open fashion Or not tamped substances for a cold processing method.

• No humidity level was maintained - microorganisms were killed.

• Did not turn the layers during maturation. The bacteria ended oxygen.

Video: how to make a good compost

The composition of the compost heap includes all substances of plant and animal origin:

• fallen leaves - they are better mixed with green vegetation;

• trimming branches - need to grind before bookmark;

• sawdust and bark of trees - it is necessary to observe dosages so that the compostable mixture does not zakisla;

• wood ash - makes fertilizer more nutritious and speeds up ripening;

• top vegetable crops;

• manure or bird litter;

• beveled grass or straw;

• egg shell that has not been undergoing thermal processing;

• yeast with sugar for rapid heating heap;

• vegetables and fruits are also without thermal processing;

• paper, natural fabrics in crushed form;

• peat and soil.

To increase the nutritional value, superphosphate is added to the compost, as it is originally little in plants and manure. If you put the goal to make a compost properly in the country, so that it is simultaneously a nutritious feeder for plants and a useful soil component, you need to add phosphorus.

What can break the ripening of compost

Many make up the concept that the entire garbage can be put in a compost bunch. This is not true. Even the natural ingredients are not all suitable for composting, not to mention such things like rubber tires, glass, plastic, synthetic fabrics.

In the manufacture of compost in the country can not use:

• Sick plants. When infecting the fungus of tops and with insufficient combustion temperature of the compost pile, disputes can survive. Such fertilizer can cause infection of the entire site. The correct compost during ripening has a temperature of up to 70 degrees. To measure it use the thermometer. If the temperature is below 60 - the fungus can survive.

• Feces dogs and cats. They too nourish the environment, so such components are better not to use. In addition, animal feces contain pathogenic microflora or helminty.

• Organic residues that contain many essential oils - lemon or orange peel. Although this question is controversial: collect so many cleanings to kill bacteria, it will not be able to any dacket.

• Waste from sewerage - Also the question is open. If the dacha is a two-chamber sump, which functions anaerobic microorganisms, then such waste are good fertilizer And without composting. Therefore, they can be safely used. But if B. wastewater Find detergents Or chlorine, then such waste to pour into a compost bunch cannot be.

It is not desirable to fold in the Bourge fresh grass - She must lie down a little and dry.

This will reduce the risk of watering and appearance. unpleasant odor From the compost heap. Do not recommend using animal residues - bone flour, fish and meat waste. In the decomposition of the substance of protein origin, they publish sharp nasty smell.

Where the plot should be a compost bunch

Depending on which processing method is used. If rainworms take part in the process, the Bourge must be warm. Considering the coming odor when the components are overworked, the bourge or pit is better to have away from the housing from the leeward side. The pit in its location should be below the level of drinking well at a distance of at least 15 meters.

It is recommended to place a bourge in the shade. The best place - under the tree. But if the bourge with an open bottom, then the roots of the tree will change the direction of growth in order to get nutrients. Therefore, stationary boxes are better to do with a solid bottom.

One of the types of organic fertilizer is considered humus. This is lying for two years of manure. The way to make humus humus is similar to composting in Burta. It is necessary to fold the organic to a special box. It should be understood exactly how to store the substance.

It is taught to limit air access or on the contrary, loose to overtake. In the first case, the temperature will be about 30 degrees and does not rise above. In the second - as it should be for the ripening of the compost heap - about 75 degrees.

When pumping up the manure, caustic odors are distinguished, which are able to cause dissatisfaction with neighbors. There is a way to make humus in the country to fertilize soil odorless. This is an anaerobic method. Bacteria that destroy the aromas of sewage will help prevent the spread of smells emanating from the pit. But in this case, it is necessary to equip the storage.

How to make a drawer for ripening organics

For an anaerobic way, a pit is needed or a hermetic tuber to completely eliminate air access. To set the pit, her bottom and walls must be pouring concrete. This is done in order for the liquid flowing down in the process of cooking fertilizer, not absorbed into the ground.

It is rich in nutrients, so it is desirable to keep it. Before laying components, the bottoms are littered with peat, soil, straw or sawdust. These substances hold the nutrient fluid.

After laying a pit is covered with a film and the earth is satisted. Full darkness and airless medium is formed. When using manure under the film, methane will accumulate.

IN sewer runoff Use ventilation. In the case of a pit, you can also attach a tube for gases, at the end of which there is a valve. The accumulated gases open the valve, output, the valve closes, and with it air access.

If you have a bunch in the box, there are 2 options here - for aerobic and anaerobic ways. Burts are installed on a concrete site. The distance between the board for the aerobic method is at least 3 cm throughout the perimeter. Need the door to make it convenient to turn the layers with forks.

For anaerobic boil, the board is nourished close to each other, and the inner surface is lined with a film or other solid material.

For ease of use, two-chamber boots or pit are made. In one lay a new portion of the components, and from another take fertilizer for the current season.

If the maturation dates are not pressed, you can use the mesh: to blow it down on the site and put economic waste there. Through the mesh, the air penetrates well inside, especially if no tamper components. During the rain, the repository needs to be covered so that the finished nutrients do not wash out. In the small grid, it is possible to make a humus - fall asleep with a straw manure and wait for its natural decomposition.

Preparation of fertilizer with your own hands - ways

How to make compost at the cottage:

• Using rainworms.

• Apply only bacteria.

Compost fast cooking It can be obtained only if you set up rainworms in the organic. We recommend those species that have a good appetite. They quickly digest the components and crawl up the new portion.

How to prepare compost in the country quickly using worms:

• Fold cleaning, bread, nutritional waste, filled with fruits in a compost tank half or third. Check for moisture: if water flows when it is compressed, then add sawdust, crushed cardboard or soil.

• Plut a solder from EM drugs.

• All mix and leave for 2 - 3 days. The mixture should not be made of a rotten smell.

• Before settling, the worms are home to the ground, so that the ratio is 1: 3.

• Run worms and make holes for air access in the lid.

• Wait until adult individuals recycle waste.

When the worms eat the entire portion, they sleep a new one. If the component is equipped with the bottom door, the finished fertilizer can be obtained and used. All adult worms will overwhelm up.

Stages of creating a compost heap

What is the right compost:

• dark-colored substance, loose, wet;

• it has a pleasant smell.

To make a laying of a compost heap, you need to prepare components and grind them. Regardless of who will recycle the organics - bacteria or worms - small parts they will eat faster.

It is advisable to remove the patient of the top of vegetable plants. Green grass hold on the air to dried.

Layered laying of components - what to fold

When bookmark, it is necessary to alternate carbon components with nitrogen:

• Nitrous: Manure, green grass, tops, kitchen waste - vegetables and fruits. The content in the mixture is 1/3 of the total.

• Carbon: Straw, bark, sawdust, corn cobs, seed husks, paper.

Wet ingredients alternate with dry. On the bottom lay the layer of the finished compost, so that the microorganisms are multiplied.

• dry layer - moisturized with water or urea solution;

• sawdust layer;

• wet layer;

• manure or litter - the best is a cow, horse and pigeon;

• dry;

• wet;

• manure;

• greens or tops.

The thickness of each layer is not more than 15 cm. The ground is poured with a thin layer between the main components. If there is a ash, it is poured onto the ground or mix with it. Concentrates are used to accelerate the reproduction of bacteria and pour each layer of solutions.

Fertilizer based on pork manure is prepared for another technology. It is mixed with carbon components - straw, sawdust, crust. It is necessary to withstand to full maturation, then limit.

How to provide oxygen access

The process of cooking compost in the country with your own hands requires care. First of all, it is necessary to monitor whether the renal smell appeared. This suggests that oxygen is not enough and compost is not burning, but rot.

In the process of bookmarks, thick sticks are used vertically. After laying the components, they are cleaned, and the holes remain and ventilated a bunch. If the smell still appeared, then take the pitchfork and shock all the layers. In hot weather, the pile is watered more often, and in the rain it is covered on top of a film.

It is impossible to use forks if the vermicapost is prepared. So you can damage the worms. Therefore, for biohumus, the components laid loose, without the murdration and only one third of the volume.

How is the readiness of fertilizer

Experienced gardeners check the willingness of fertilizer, while planting a plant of a flavor. If the seeds rose for 6 days, then the mixture is ready. If not, then you need to withstand yet.

Not a problem if the compost is a bit no longer. It is used in semi-proverse form similar to fresh manure. The exception is pork feces.

Ready for use Fertilizer has medium ruffiness. Water should not drip when compressing in a fist. The smell of the compost looks like a forest land, although some gardeners describe it as ozone, which appears after the rain.

Did you like the article? Share with your friends:

Toast, dear readers! I am the creator of the project "Fertilizer.net". I am glad to see each of you on his pages. I hope the information from the article was useful. Always open to communication - comments, suggestions that you still want to see on the site, and even criticism, you can write me VKontakte, Instagram or Facebook (round icons below). All peace and happiness! 🙂

The ability to overtake completely replace mineral feeders known for a long time. However, not everyone knows his varieties and features of entering into the soil. Using this fertilizer, it is possible to significantly increase the soil fertility for 5 years by creating a layer of high-quality chernozem on its site and improving the structure of the soil.

The easiest way to prepare high-quality fertilizer is to use grass, sheet oped or other plant residues. It is believed that the composting of green mass is the most fast way Get a humus that can noticeably increase the looseness of the soil.

By nutritional value, fertilizer is considered the highest quality, made using birds or farm animals. We will understand more in the intricacies of preparation and use of different types of humus.

What is humus

It is a homogeneous mass, similar to the soil formed as a result of the decomposition of such substances such as manure, various residues of plant or animal origin. In some cases, the compost from plants or leaves is also called humus, however, it is not yet called it to refer to it, since under this term most often implies mature decomposed manure.

The ripe and useful humus has such properties:

• fruit;
• homogeneity;
• looseness;
• a pleasant smell of "spring" soil, the absence of ammonia smell;
• a small specific density (in one bucket does not fit about 6 kg humoring).

The agronomic meaning of this decomposition product is difficult to overestimate, because it is due to it that such properties of the soil are ensured:

• nutritional value for plants;
• ability to absorb water well;
• porosity.

Houring particles have elasticity, which ensures the presence of airspace between them. This important property provides full breathing roots and the excellent ability to skip moisture, which creates ideal conditions for plants and improves the composition of both clay and sandy soil.

Valuable moisteners are such organic compounds Like fulvocyonic acids, as well as humic acids. The first contribute to the transformation of minerals into the form-available plants, and the second increases soil fertility and contain large amounts of carbon compounds.

Soil mulching by humus stimulates the reproduction of useful microorganisms and rainworms. In addition, this measure allows you to protect plants from frost and overheating: under such a mulch heating and cooling is much slower.

Such a property creates the protection of the root system from return freezers, and during the heat it allows you to prevent the root neck burn. Nutrients from mulching gradually come to the roots of the plant during watering or with rains.

Mulching the surface of the beds by humus allows not only to deliver nutrients to the roots of plants, but also stimulates the growth of useful bacteria. Another important advantage is the ability to impede the formation of a crust on the surface and the obstruction of the "swimming" of the soil during excess moisture.

What is humus and compost

Often it is possible to encounter the fact that the gardeners confuse such concepts as compost and humus. To avoid discrepancies, immediately decide on the terms.

Humus It consists of a complex of compounds of organic origin, formed as a result of the activities of worms, fungi and microorganisms living in the soil. Educated substances They have an exceptional nutritional value and the ability to dissolve various minerals and bring them to the state digestible for plants.

Gumus is formed as a result of complex transformations and biochemical reactions in the soil. Futing leaves, grass, remnants from plants and livelihoods of animals protrude as source products. The formation of humus occurs in the surface layer of the soil. That is, the creation of humus is the natural process flowing in the soil, regardless of human intervention.

Compost - This is the mass of decomposed residues of predominantly plant origin. This process occurs in artificially created conditions, since the gardeners build a bunch or a box, in which not only weeds and the trees of cultivated plants, but also food waste, except meat and fish, as well as paper.

There is an opinion that the more ingredients are part of the heap, the better the compost will turn out and the richer will be its composition. EM-preparations can be used to accelerate the decomposition processes, and a pile is covered with rubberoid or black polyethylene.

Littering birds

The concentration of nitrogen compounds in rabbit or chicken litter is many times more than in the cow's dung. The benefits of such fertilizer can be attributed to the lack of need to mix with other components (for example, vegetable).

Most gardeners use litter to prepare breeding to feed cultural plants. It is bred in a 1/10 ratio with water and insist during the day, and then the resulting liquid is again bred 5 times, after which the landing is watered.

Breeding in birds, rabbits or sheep is necessary due to a large amount of nitrogen contained in them. Alternatively, cleaning the chicken coop or rabbit cells can be placed on a compost pile on a par with vegetable residues, which will significantly enrich the composition of the compost.

How to prepare humus

Prepare to cook quite simple. The main condition is the presence of all the components at hand to start creating high-quality fertilizer. Based on the most often taking a cow manure. Consider the sequence of actions in this case:

The manure is laid out on the surface of the Earth without tamping. Must happen not compacted bunch.

In the next 5 days, you should not turn the manure and take anything, since during this period the death of harmful insects and weed seeds due to heating the manure to 60 degrees.

For the sixth day, a bunch of tackle and covers to stop the access of oxygen and stop the so-called burning, since it causes a reduction in potassium content and nitrogen compounds.

On top of the shelter, the small layer of the Earth is thrown (at least 15 cm) to preserve the properties of humoring after wintering. In the spring, the film should be removed.

The term of full ripening by humus is from 18 to 24 months. It is important during this period to prevent washing the mass of water flows from atmospheric precipitation and ensure moderate ventilation of the heap. To do this, in boxes do ventilation holes, and polyethylene - small holes.

The small flow of moisture is not critical and will not affect the quality of the final product. A sign of a ready-to-use humoring is its reduction in a volume of 3 or 4 times, compared with the fresh bunch.

To accelerate the ripening of the mass, it is possible to periodically mix it with a cable, trying to catch the deep layers. An important role is played by the location of the compost heap. It is advisable to place it in place inaccessible for the northern winds. The use of bacterial preparations, accelerating the decomposition of the organic, also reduce the process of formation of high-quality and valuable fertilizer ..

In the absence of manure and the availability of a large number of leaves or herbs, we can prepare a vegetable humus. In the fall, during an abundant leaf falling birch, maple, rowan and other leaves. Next, the actions occur in the following order:

The leaves are folded into a box or bag of polyethylene with holes for air circulation.

The mass is sealing and added water to speed up the ripening of humus.

Add beveled weeds, other garden waste and seedrates (if available).

It is useful to add a solution of soil microorganisms or just manure.

Capacity is closed by a film.

To improve air circulation, the mass should be intermitted periodically.

The ripening rate of such humoring is from six months to a year. Ripe fertilizer resembles a garden land for appearance and smell. It is worth noting the special efficiency of the vegetable humoring in the structuring of the soil, since in addition to its physicomechanical properties, such humus is particularly attracted by rainworms, which also significantly improve soil aeration.

How to make humus in the soil

It is necessary to use the ripening humus in accordance with the needs of each garden, garden or room culture. If there are an increased number of fertilizers under such cultures as peppers or tomatoes, they can begin to "live", that is, to please the abundance of green mass instead of fruits, the same applies to some indoor plants.

Good to use humus in an amount from 2 to 4 buckets per square. m. The fertilizer of the soil for a variety of cultures can be carried out at different times of the year: both in spring and autumn. In this case, it is appropriate to simply scatter the fertilizer evenly throughout the site and then plow the earth.

As a fertilizer for indoor plants, it is possible to add up to 30% by humilia to the soil into which the plant will be planted. This amount increases to 50% when preparing a substrate for seedlings of vegetable crops and colors.

Some gardeners have successfully practiced the contribution of the humidity in the hole in which the seedlings are planned.

Conclusion

Humming up both from the manure of farm animals and using plant residues is extremely useful for the fertility of the soil and effectively affects it. Such fertilizer not only structures the Earth, but also improves its biochemical composition, increases the number of useful microorganisms and worms, which is inevitably positively reflected on fertility of each garden and garden culture.

Often in gardening materials you can find the term humus. However, according to the results of polls, only half of the gardeners and gardeners can say for sure what it is and how to prepare it and use it for the soil fertilizer. Today, from which the humus is formed, for which he is needed, and where to take it, should know every crust to obtain a rich harvest.

What is humus

The humus is caused by manure. What does it mean? This means that the manure of herbal animals or birds should go to at least 2 years to turn into humus. It does not have an unpleasant odor, it looks like a black substance with an admixture of plants and the smell of fresh land.

Humus is harmless organic fertilizer. It perfectly enriches the soil with the necessary minerals and microelements, so that after the fertilizer, it is possible to get a healthy and rich harvest of vegetables and fruits on its plot.

We harvest humus

Today in the markets you can purchase a finished fertilizer. However, it has a sufficiently high cost, and therefore it is more profitable to prepare humus independently. To do this, you can buy fresh manure on the nearest farm, fold it into a compost bunch, cover the rubberoid and leave for 2 years to aging.

Today there are several methods in order to speed up the ripening of humus. In order for the manure to be actively deployed, it needs to periodically turn the pods and a little moisturize. It is also allowed to use EM - preparations that significantly accelerate the expansion of manure. As a result, the finished humid should be loose, with a pleasant smell of raw land, it is homogeneous dark brown or black.

Varieties by humus

The most popular organic fertilizer is humus. Today, summer residents identify three main types of fertilizer, which give the maximum result when feeding the soil in the garden plot.

Underwear from manure. This fertilizer after ripening is an excellent feeding rich in all those needed for plants by trace elements. It is possible to fertilize the soil with a manure meter 2 times a year when the garden is leaving. In the fall, you can distribute into the soil and unworthy humus.

In this case, he will decompose on the planting season, and the seedlings will receive everything necessary for growth and ripening without the use of chemical additives.

Sheet humus

Sheet humus is the safest and common among our country's garden. To prepare this type of feeding need to collect autumn leaves Trees and place them in a compost bunch. You can use bags or boxes. To leaves, you can add manure or a solution of special bacteria that accelerate the decomposition process. After that, the foliage is moistened and covered with film.

Periodically, the leaves need to be crushed and mix. Mats with sheet humus from 6 to 12 months. Ripe fertilizer does not have a milder smell and resembles loose fresh soil. Keep in mind that for the preparation of sheet humus does not use oak leaves.

What humus is better

Fertilizer from pigeon or chicken manure is considered the most useful. Such feeding contains a large amount of nitrogen, iron, manganese and zinc. The disadvantages include unpleasant odors and limited recommendations for use.

It doesn't have a malware humid from manure, but it matures for a long time, and ready worth it is quite expensive. Fertilizer contains nitrogen and others necessary for active plant growth elements.

Sheet humus practically does not contain nutrients. Such feeding is needed to improve the composition of the soil. It will not harm the plants and fertilize them in any quantity is not surviving about overdose. In addition, it is simple to cook it.

How to make humus

If you have a slightly unworthy leaf humus, it is better to make it in the fall. The substance needs to be distributed over the garden and overheat the earth. You need to pull the soil to a depth of at least 15 cm. In this case, in this case, the humus will divert and in the spring will begin to give valuable substances into the soil.

If the sheet humus, you have ripened, make it better directly before planting seedlings. In this case, your seedlings will immediately begin to receive all the most valuable from the soil that they need for quick and confident growth.

The easiest way to make humus

In order not to wait from 12 to 24 months to aging sheet humor, you can use the usual straw. Straw decomposes very quickly and if you make it in the soil in the fall, then the soil during the landing of the soil cultures will already contain useful substances.

To enrich the soil, you need to take the usual straw and cut it into small parts. Next, it is necessary to distribute the straw over the site and step by land. It is important to equip a straw to a depth of at least 15 cm. If everything is done correctly, then for the winter of straw will decompose, and by the season of planting the soil will have all the necessary plants for good plants.

How to make the soil fertile

Probably, each of us heard such a definition of soil as a chernozem. We all know that it is the chernozem that is the most fertile soil. Any cultures grow perfectly on it, and the crop matures rich and helpful. In order to turn ordinary soil in the black soil and need humus.

If every year in the period of autumn people of the garden to make humus or straw in the soil, after 5 years you will get a real black soil on your site.

Soil with a large content of humus has a black color and loose crumbly structure. In such a soil, you can grow any plants and get a guaranteedly rich harvest. However, do not forget that the needs in vitamins different plants may differ. For this reason, during the period of active growth and flowering for each of the plants, additional mineral fertilizers should be used.

Experienced rabids claim that even non-fermented clay soil can be turned into a chernozem. Of course, this can not be done in one year, but if you try and attach certain efforts for 5-6 years you can turn your site into a piece of fertile rich land. The main thing is not to be lazy and every year fertilize the soil by humus and other natural feeders.