The value of coniferous in nature and human life

According to its significance, coniferous occupy second place after coated bridge. Almost 95% of the forests of the globe in their composition have coniferous rocks. Since coniferous trees are a source of oxygen and volatile antimicrobial substances, then such forests are called a light and green shield of our planet. Forests are home to many animals who find there and food. For a person, they give wood, which is a raw material for the chemical industry (mining turpentine, acetone, resins, alcohols, artificial silk, etc.). The large fiber length of the fiber fir gives it a special value as a raw material for the manufacture of paper and artificial silk. Fiercing the wood of ate, get activated carbon, which is used to treat various poisoning and intestinal purification. In the gardens and parks they grow such decorative bushes and trees as pine Crimean, Thuja Western, Evergreen Cypress, Tis Berry, Spiny Spruce and its shapes - silver and blue and others. In the hanging gardens of the semi -ramide figures of tigers, elephants, bears, crocodiles, deer were formed with tees berry And the flower plant is the Samshat Evergreen. The most famous in the culture is Tuya Western, which is coming from North America. This is one of the first decorative treeswhich fell into Europe from America even at the beginning of the XVI century, and currently has more than 120 garden forms. It is a frost-resistant, heat-resistant, shadower, unpretentious to soil the plant, which has small cones from the cross-lined flakes and flattened shoots with petty cheese. IN furniture manufacturing Very appreciated wood bolotnaya kiparis, sequoia evergreen, tees berry ™ Dr. The larch wood goes to the manufacture of parquet and sex, because it is durable and does not trumpet. For certain types of conifers, musical instruments (violins, piano) are manufactured. Essential oils from fir leaves, Tui use in medicine and perfumery. A special value in medicine has a bivic fir from which the camphor is obtained. It is consumed as a culborebuzulinium, cardiovascular, antipyretic, diuretic, it is part of the painkillers and the like. Seeds siberian pines (known as cedar nuts), italian pines use in food, as it contains up to 50% oil. The needles of many species are medicinal raw materials, as it contains vitamin C, tannins, etc. For example, in the needy-fir fir vitamin C six more than in lemons. Coniferous forests are separated into the air a large number of oxygen and special, destructive bacteria, volatile substances called phytoncides. For example, 1 hectare of pine forest sends 5.6 tons of oxygen over the year and more than 0.5 tons of phytoncides. The fragrance of needle fir depends on the presence of Borneol ether in it, which also has bactericidal properties. Therefore, many sanatoriums are built in such forests. Separate species Conifers are used during various holidays (for example, Christmas trees are white, christmas fir, pine fir). The petrified resin of ancient voter is a raw material for the manufacture of precious jewelry, insulators and the like. Huting on the slopes of pine, man prevents soil wash. Forest Bases coniferous plants They delay in the fields snow, weaken winds. Such a large practical application of coniferous leads to the fact that many species have become rare and need protection. In the Red Book of Ukraine, such representatives of the department were listed: stankevich's pine, chalome pine, pine cedar European, larch Polish, juniper high, juniper smelly, tees berry.

Back forward

Attention! Preview slides is used exclusively for informational purposes and may not provide ideas about all presentation capabilities. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Purpose: To introduce students with individual representatives of the plants of the department of voted, their role in the nature and life of a person in the constructive level.

Educational tasks:consider the diversity of species of vote and the features of their distribution on the example of plants of their locality (spruce, fir, cedar, pine, larch); Determine the role of vote in nature and their meaning for humans.

Developing tasks:continue to form communicative teachings (the ability to hear and listen to each other) and information competence (the ability to work with various sources of information, analyze, systematize knowledge, formulate conclusions, convert, save and transmit information received from various information sources).

Educational challenges: Develop the aesthetic, moral qualities of students and careful attitude towards nature on the example of plants of their locality.

Teaching methods: Cognitive, converter method (according to V.A. Onischuk), methods of stimulation and motivation (Yu.A. Babansky), the method of heuristic issues.

Form of the lesson: Explanation of a new material with the active participation of students, the use of EOR.

Means of education: Independent work of students with book, Internet resources, presentations.

Receptions: game (solution of biological problems, rebs), "mood", "Do you know ..."

Equipment of the lesson:computer, TV, multimedia disk for grade 7, Presentation "gifted plants of their area", collection of vote, Herburning copies - Pines, spruce, larch, tables, drawings with a picture of pine, Kemerovo region.

Structure lesson

1. Orgmoment
2. Goaling and motivation
3. Study of the new educational material
4. Consolidation and application of educational material
5. Summing up the lesson.

The main positions of the lesson.

• Systematics of the department of vote.
• Conifers - one of the classes of the gone, most preserved and the most numerous group of the department.
• The media-forming role of conifers in Russia.
• Diverse value of coniferous in human life
• Necessity rational use, protection and renewal of conifers, as the foundations of the forest wealth of our country

Intelligent minute (see Presentation). The third group of students presents their creative work. Evaluation criteria: Interesting, entertaining, made an impression. What did you know new? Wishes.

Scientists of the whole world celebrate the global deterioration of forest states, especially conifers, which, as it turned out, has a higher sensitivity to pollutants than a person. Over 12 million hectares of forests are damaged only in Central Europe. In some countries, their area exceeded 50 percent.
Great and role of forests of Kuzbass in the regulation and preservation of the environmental balance of the environment, the health of the population of the largest industrial region of Siberia.
In the region almost no remained not affected by the economic activities of forests. All of them are several times passaged by rubbing, including conditionally solid, upset, especially around industrial centers, along rivers, roads. But damage to the forests that have reached the critical mark, are single, worn while local nature around large industrial enterprises. The characteristic signs of the impact of harmful atmospheric pollutants on coniferous forests on a massive scale (necrosis, chlorose, the life expectancy of needles, its mass and waterproof) have not yet been manifested.

So that the forest has always been andsaved an ecological balance ambient, the health of the population of the largest industrial region Kuzbass, it is necessary to know what benefit brings every tree in nature and in a person's life.

The territory of the Kemerovo region has a significant potential for forest resources. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe Forest Foundation is 64.3% of the total land area area. The forests of our area, which are still called Taiga, occupy 53% of the total area, that is, more than half of the entire surface.

- What trees grow in a taiga? (Coniferous.)
- What trees are so called?

Taiga is divided into 2 species - flat (in the south of West Siberian plains; Cherry (Mountain) - Kuznetsky Alatau, Salair Kryazh, Mountain Shoria.) The forest fund is distributed over the area uneven. Novokuznetsky (72.6%), Tsulsky (73.4%), Mezhdurechensky (81.7%) to 96.2% in the Tashtagolsky district. Low forestry (up to 20%) is characterized by Leninsk-Kuznetsky (10.2%), industrial (15.2%) areas. The forests of Kuzbass belong to the Altai-Sayan mountain and taiga forest area. The main forest-forming coniferous rocks of the region are fir, pine, spruce, cedar. Coniferous plants occupy 31.6% of forest-oiled lands, including fir - 18.5%, pine - 5.7%, fir - 4.1%, cedar - 3.0%, larch - 0.3%.

Multimedia video clip (electronic multimedia application to N.I. Sonina textbook).

More than half of the territory of our region is covered by Taiga, and in the Taiga Mountains it is called "Cherry", and in the extreme north of the region a flat taiga grows. In Kuznetsk, the basin and the northeast of the region encounters steppe and forest-steppe vegetation. High in the mountains you can see the mountain tundra, which is very similar to the tundra of the northern regions of Russia, and the alpine alpine meadows with bright herbaceous plants. Vegetable world Kemerovo region is very diverse. Forests and shrubs occupy almost 65% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe region. The total stock of forests in our field is about half a billion cubic meters, their average age is 70 years old. Four zones of forest ecosystems are distinguished vividly on the territory of Kuzbass: Kuznetsco-Alatau Mountain and Taiga Zone, the Shor City Taiga Zone, the Salair Taiga-Forest Zone, Tomsko-Kay Taiga-Forest Spring. The forest is one of the most significant, the only renewable type of natural resources. Forests, perform water protection, general training, wellness and protected function.

The most valuable plants of the mountain Taiga:

The most common forest phytocenoses are the most common in the territory of the Kemerovo region, which occupy more than 60% of the entire wood paint area with the total forest area of \u200b\u200bthe region is 58%. This is due primarily to the ecological optimum of dark rocks in the territory of Western Siberia. Dark-like ancient in its territory are represented by three species of tree species - Fir Siberian (Abies Sibirica), Siberian cedar (Pinus Sibirica), and Siberian (Picea Obovata). In the Kemerovo region of the Fir, on various sources of information, occupies about 46.4% of the entire wood painted area of \u200b\u200bthe region (81.6% of coniferous rocks), the share of cedar is no more than 6% and ate - 2% (consolidated project, 1998) .

The most common representative of Taiga - Fir - a long-lived local flora. Therefore, the dominant role in the resumption of studious domestic plantings is played by the Siberian fir (80-98%), with a slight adherence to the cedar of Siberian and eloi Siberian. The main forest-forming breed of the region - the Siberian Fir - most researchers are attributed to weakly resistant to atmospheric pollutants.

Pupils fill the table "The practical importance of coniferous in nature and for a person," ask questions to speakers, assess their activities. Evaluation criteria: Interesting, accessible, made an impression.

Fir Siberian – A beautiful evergreen tree with a height of up to 40 meters and the thickness of the barrel to 80 cm. The needles are soft dark green. Long bumps stick up at the ends of the branches. This fir is easy to distinguish from Fir, who has a barbed and bumps hanging down. Fir gives very good wood that goes to the manufacture of paper, construction. From it get a camphor, fir oil And fir balsam (from the Alluits) used in medicine.

Second group "Do you know that high-quality varnishes make fir seeds?"

Pine- It is found in the forest-steppe territories of Kuzbass. Pine papers go to the shores of Tom. Pine agrees and in the foothills. The air in pine borus is considered therapeutic reducing forces. Especially many pine trees around the cities of Kuzbass. About seventy industries consume pine resins. In the cortex, there are tubyl and adhesive substances, in Cambia - Vanillin, from seeds are obtained by valuable immersion oil, and pollen use as a substitute for a liquor in medicine.

The second group. "Do you know that one pine tree gives about ten kilograms of needles, from which you can get a one-year rate of carotene and vitamin C for one person?"

Cedar forestsin the Kemerovo region a little. They make up about four percent of the entire area covered with forests. Cedar - the first magnitude tree, which is sometimes forty meters of height and two meters in the diameter of the barrel. Cedar seeds - cedar nuts - the main value of the tree. Siberian pine (cedar) - handsome and pride of Siberian forests. His needles is long, soft dark green, in a beam sits not two as a pine, but five cups. The cedar wood is dense, soft, straight is well processed, has a beautiful texture pleasant pink color, Thin fragrance and disinfectant properties. The kernel of the nut contains over 70% of fat, well-digestible by the human body, about 20% of proteins, 12% of carbohydrates, 4% of fiber. Walnut of calories exceeds meat and eggs. Cedar milk gets from walnut, delicious cream And walnut cake, which is widely used in the confectionery industry. Cedar's gils receive rosin, glycerol ethers and cedar balm with healing properties. Cedar is famous for its nuts. Walnut contains up to 60% fat, proteins and a complex of vitamins that contribute to growth that improve the composition of the blood and skin condition. Cedar oil is used in medicine, as well as for the manufacture of high-quality oil and paints. Even the shell of nuts and cones are used to obtain vitamins C and E, turpentar and paints. Cedar cones ripen in two years, especially large trees give up to 50 kg of walnut. Many forest residents are used by the gifts of the cedar: birds, chips and proteins make walnuts, bears with a nut feed fat for winter sleep. The most amazing cedar seed distributor is a cede. She boils nuts without tired: he sits on the branch, hesitates the bump and chooses the best nuts from it, part eats, and the rest hides with piles under moss, under the stumps of 5-6 pieces. And in winter, when the snow tightened the earth, the cedrement cannot find them. Spring nuts germinate and shortly at this place appear small cedars, for one autumn, the cedrement can sow more than a thousand trees.

The second group. "Did you know that cedar lives up to 400-500 years and almost all his life, starting from 30-50 years old, he is fruit. The average age of cedar forests Kuzbass is 175 years old. "

The second group. "Do you know that cedar is used for the manufacture of pencils, musical instruments. The best bees hives are made from the cedar. "

Second group. "Did you know that cedar is a durable plant capable of living more than 500 years".

Larch It takes only 0.2% of the forest area of \u200b\u200bthe Kemerovo region. The largest array of larch in Kuzbass is located in the northeastern foothills of Kuznetsky Alatau in the Tsulsky district. The tree still has a cheva, but not evergreen, falling down with the onset of cold weather. The great dignity of larch is the ability to grow quickly and unpretentious to the composition of the soil. Many hundreds and even thousands of years can be perfectly maintained, acquiring over time and greater strength, and the original color. Larch reaches 50 meters at the thickness of the barrel to two meters. Larchy forests give a record for all of our breeds the amount of wood with hectares: up to 1500 and more cubic meters.

Second group "Do you know that the advantages of larch in the durability and strength of wood. She lives about 400-500 years. Her wood practically does not know the service limits ".

Sprucein our area, it is quite widely widespread. Elniki are found on the slopes of mountain hollow, on the upper terraces of rivers. Spouse wood goes to the best grade paper, artificial fabrics, alcohols, glycerin, plastics, for the manufacture of some musical instruments.

The second group. "Do you know that spruce is considered an evergreen breed. It is not so. The needles were not "eternal", in every seven-nine-nine, the chewing is falling back - autumn spruce drops no less than the seventh part of his needles. Life expectancy aired on average 250-300 years. "

Summing up the work:

1. As in nature and in human life, coniferous in their meaning occupies second place after flowering, far exceeding all other groups of plants. It is difficult to overestimate the role of forests in the life of humanity.
2. Forests synthesize organic, absorb carbon dioxideThe oxygen is isolated into the atmosphere, perform climate-forming, water protection, anti-erosion functions, are a major source of raw material resources and food.
3. Invaluable the role of forests as the keepers of a gene pool of many organisms, their recreational and aesthetic meaning is huge. In the conditions of progressive environmental pollution, when the problem of local contamination of the atmosphere has gross to the regional, the ability of the assimilation potential of forests to neutralize harmful emissions as a result economic activity becomes the most important condition Survival of mankind on Earth.

Fixinggame "Field of Miracles" or "Five Gold Chervonsev"

Imagine, the computer has turned into a field of wonders: there are many tickets with questions. Inside the tickets are written the number of tokens that you will receive for the right answer (from 1 to 4). You will show tickets on the screen. You choose any ticket, I open it, and you answer the question that is recorded there (3 student can attempt at once). After the answer, it appears on the screen the right answer and those who answered correctly receives the number of tokens that is put in the ticket, if the answer is half faithful - from 1 to 4 points. On five tickets, yellow circles with a number 10 in the middle are "Gold Chervonians", that is, "happy tickets", for the right answer, the student immediately receives 5 and turns into the end of the lesson in the teacher's assistant (distribute tokens), but questions on these tickets The most difficult. So, let's begin!"

Estimation for lesson

Pine, spruce, fir, larch form forests on large Spaces of the Forest Zone of Eurasia and North America. In our country, coniferous forests occupy most of all forest land. They are keepers of water, highlight a lot of oxygen, phytoncides into the air. Serve the habitat of valuable animals and birds.

The bulk of wood is harvested in coniferous forests. It's not only construction material, but also raw materials for many industries (paper, artificial silk, alcohol, plastics, etc.). From the pine needles get turpentine and fragrant pine oil used in medicine. It also serves as raw materials to obtain rosin, "pine wool", from which linen knit, recommended during rheumatism. Wood ate is used to make musical instruments, roofing and plaster dranco. Serve as valuable fuel, provide our farm with a huge amount of substances used in all spheres of human activity (resin, essential oils, medicinal products etc.). Pine oil, rosin, turpentine, vitamins are products of vote plants. A person uses them as decorative and struck (on sands) plants. Very appreciated due to durable wood, which is practically not rotting, larch. Therefore, it can be used on sleepers and telegraph poles, as well as in shipbuilding and mechanical engineering.

Conclusions:

1. The occurrence of seed reproduction, the appearance of a seed is an important stage in the historical development of plants, because In the seed, the embryo for a long time is preserved from unfavorable conditions - In this advantage of seed reproduction before reproduction of disputes.
2. Seed plants are currently genuine sushi conquerors, because Finally lost dependence in pollination and fertilization from the presence of water. The structure of the seed, the role of endosperm in the nutrition of the embryo - ensured the widespread settlement of their depth of sushi.

Development of a lesson on the topic: The value of coniferous plants

Publication date: 14.10.2015

Short description:

preview material

6th grade/_________

Topic: The value of coniferous plants and coniferous forests in nature and in human farm.

Objectives lesson:

Educational: the formation of students' concepts about the meaning of coniferous forests in nature and the economy.

Developing: promoting the formation of concepts about the meaning of coniferous forests in nature and the economy.

Educational: upbringing curiosity, culture, careful attitude towards nature; Explanation of a new material, a conversation with students.

Lesson plan.

1. Organizing time - 1 min

2. Repetition of homework 2 min

3. Survey of homework - 10 min

4. Explanation new topic - 20 minutes

5. Fastening - 10 min

6. Homework - 1 min

During the classes.

1. Organizational moment.

2. Repeating homework.

3. Survey of homework.

Biological dictation: leaflets for answers are distributed to all students. Students are proposed to numbered from 1 to 10 in a horizontal position. The question sounds on which students respond with symbols: _- "No", + - "Yes" (true or wrongly readable statement?). Legend is set over the issue number. Example:

+ _ + + + + _ + + _

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10.

1. Seed is a special multicellular structure of a complex structure that serves for breeding and resettlement of seed plants.

2. Seed plants are divided into three groups.

3. Larch - leafy plant.

4. In the crust and core of the trunk of coniferous plants there are resin tubules.

5. The needles are modified leaves.

6. Seed plants are divided into 2 groups: voted and coated.

7. Oak, Birch, Aspen - relate to coniferous plants.

8. Covenate plants - it means that the seed is located inside the fetus.

Estimation rate:

Less than 5 - "2"

4. Explanation of a new material.

In past classes, you have familiarized yourself with the characteristic of the vote plants, as well as with their structure and reproduction. What are we still not known about them? (Estimated answer: about their meaning).

So guys, open notebooks, write down the number and theme of our today's lesson: "The role of vote in nature"

The role of voted in nature. Goloons form coniferous and mixed forests, occupying huge areas. They enrich air oxygen, so they are often called "light planets". The forests regulate the melting of the snow, the water level in the rivers, absorb noise, weaken the strength of the winds, fastened the sands. The forest is the habitat of many species of animals that feed on shoots, seeds, cones of coniferous plants.

Wood gifts - valuable raw materials for the manufacture of furniture, sleepers for railway tracks, supports of the bridges, pilots of power lines, fixtures of mines. A large amount of wood is still used as fuel. Long fibers Wood fibers give it a special value as raw materials for the manufacture of high-quality paper varieties. However, the intensive use of water voted in various industries caused a mass deforestation of forests that cause significant harm to our planet. Therefore, it is necessary to take care of the resumption of forest plantations. The needles are rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C. It is used for the treatment and prevention of certain diseases. Burning the fir wood, get activated carbon used to treat various poisoning and intestinal cleaning (for example, when poisoning with mushrooms). The resin of coniferous plants is widely used in medicine for the treatment of wounds, burns. A special value is a resin fir, from which a special substance is obtained - camphor. It improves the activity of the heart muscle, therefore it is used for heart disease. Kamfora also part of various deeperating drugs. The resins produce a lot of valuable substances for the chemical industry (for example, a solvent for oil colors - Skipidar). Essential oils (volatile substances that are strongly also smelled), obtained from the resin, are used in the manufacture of perfumes, in the confectionery and medical industry. Pines, juniper and other coniferous plants with a well-developed root system penetrating into the soil at a considerable depth, plant on the slopes of rivers and ravines for their strengthening and preventing the blur. It is estimated that at the steep mountain slopes from each hectare, up to 5 thousand m3 of the soil is isolated annually, and the soil is almost never blurred in thick juniper thickets. Forestry from coniferous plants delay in the fields of snow, which improves plant nutrition in spring.

A wide variety of forms of the rocker crown has an important aesthetic value. The beauty and greatness of coniferous forests, slender pyramidal cypresses inspires artists, writers, poets to create artistic canvases, songs, poems (remember, for example, works of Taras Shevchenko, Lesia Ukrainki, folk songs).

And what a festive mood create us at the meeting of the new year ate and pine! But even for this, you should not cut them in the forests or parks. After all, trees growing on the streets, in parks, squares, forests, you and your relatives will admire not only a few winter days, but for many years. For New Year's holidays, Pine and ate are grown by specialized farms and implement them in the trading network.

In the cities of coniferous and other evergreen plants feel uncomfortable, since their leaves are polluted with dust and gases a longer period compared to flatfall species. Environmental pollution especially harms with pine and firing plantings.

And now, we will get acquainted with each plant separately, with its use and value in nature, as well as the importance in the life of a person.

Students break cards with information about a particular plant. The task of students: familiar with the text. And from each row in turn, one speaker comes out, which reads the value and use of coniferous plants. At this time, the rest along the story of the speaker, fix the data into the table. (The table is drawn in advance on the blackboard).

Name

The value in a person's life

Meaning in nature

Juniper

Larch

Card number 1.

Pine ordinary - plant, widespread kind of kind of pine pine tree. In natural conditions, grows in Europe and Asia. Forms pure plantings and grows together with fir, birch, aspen, oak, due to soil-primer conditions, occupies often unsuitable for other species of the area: sands, swamps. It is distinguished by universal. Pines - Water keepers, high oxygen, phytoncides in the air. Served by the habitat of valuable animals and birds. Rasselline is widely used in carpentry and carpentry work. Pine is the source of many substances and products widely used by man. For example, turpentine, dispatch, tar used in everyday life. The kidney of the pine is used as a disinfectant, antitussive agent and for baths. From the needles, young shoots and cones are obtained by pine oil, which is included in the preparations of "Pinabin" and "Phytolizin", used as anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic agents and with renal disease. Oil is used for inhalations with light diseases and for air refreshing in office and residential premises, hospital wards, kindergartens, schools, saunas. From the needles produce a pine extract for reinforcing baths.

Card number 2.

Juniper ordinary, - evergreen coniferous trees. This coniferous shrub Extremely useful. Where he planted, the air is much cleaner, one day one hectare juniper evaporates almost 30 kg of phytoncides (this is enough to clean the atmosphere of a large city from pathogenic organisms. Serves for animals, its roots strengthen the slopes of mountains where flowers are used. Plant is used Like a decorative gardening plant. Wood is used for turning, threads, making toys and canes. Hivo and hitch are used for smoking meat and fish products. Binding as a spice is used in the manufacture of plates, candies, gingerbread. Of the mature juniper fruits, sugar are produced. North America Indians for the treatment of skin tuberculosis, bones and joints placed patients in the thickets of this plant, where the air is saturated with secretions. In medicine they use hishcores as a diuretic, disinfectant route, expectorant, choleretic and improving digestion means. Essential oil made from needles has strong disinfectants . IN folk medicine The roots were used with tuberculosis, bronchitis, ulcerative diseases of the stomach, skin diseases; Branch of branches - with allergies.

Card number 3.

The bark in young larchs is smooth, but with age is covered with cracks. Advanced annual, soft, narrow; Located spiral on elongated shoots and beams on shortened. The age of individual larch reaches 900 years, but more often than 300 years.

Wood has good mechanical properties, very hard, difficult to process, prone to cracking. Virtually not subjected to rotting. Used in the construction of hydraulic structures, in shipbuilding. It is from a highly durable and well-opposing rotting of larch wood were built in Ancient Rome Amphitherators. In Venice, the house was built on larch piles, and they, having spent in one environment of half a hundred years, began to collapse only at the present time.

It seems that the silica, grape sugar, cellophane, alcohol, acetic acid, dyes, surgachuckers, fertilizers, feed and many other products have access to larch. It turns out that the most immediate one. But with the help of chemical transformations.

Drugs are obtained from larchs, strengthening fragile capillaries in the treatment of hypertension.

Card number 4.

Spruce Siberian (Piceobovata) is common from Scandinavia to the coast of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk. It grows high and slim only if its upper kidney develops normally. Spruce grows all his life. And every year will grow straight annual escape. If young tree This kidney was damaged or cut off the escape on which it was located, the growth of the main stem ceases, the branches are exorbitant, bend.

Seeds were torn by seeds. Woodwood, mysterious rodents, proteins and many other inhabitants of forests, parks, squares.

During the day, the protein can handle up to 15 spruce cones and more than 100 pine. She, grabbing the teeth scales, raises her at the top, so that she departs and the seed is shown outside. On such processing one pine cones That animal spends 3 minutes. It produces about 30 seeds from it, the total weight of which is two tenth grams. In the daily diet, proteins include 100 - 150 cones, which make up 5% of its weight. This amount of product is enough to quench the hunger and postpone fat reserves. The main value of ate is her wood. Soft, light, low-grayscale wood, homogeneous white colorFibers are distributed evenly. Therefore, musical instruments made of ate have amazing sound and resonance. The best violins, including the tools of the famous Italians Amati and Stradivari, are made of ate. Used in pulp and paper industry, shipbuilding, carpentry, construction, for obtaining artificial slaughter. From Fir Zhivitsa, turpentine.

Card number 5.

Cedar - the first magnitude tree, which is sometimes forty meters of height and two meters in the diameter of the barrel. Cedar seeds - cedar nuts - the main value of the tree. Siberian pine (cedar) - handsome and pride of Siberian forests. His needles is long, soft dark green, in a beam sits not two as a pine, but five cups. The cedar wood is dense, soft, straight is well processed, has a beautiful texture a pleasant pink color, a thin fragrance and disinfectant properties. The kernel of the nut contains over 70% of fat, well-digestible by the human body, about 20% of proteins, 12% of carbohydrates, 4% of fiber. Walnut of calories exceeds meat and eggs. Cedar milk, delicious cream and walnut cake, which is widely used in the confectionery industry is obtained. Cedar's gils receive rosin, glycerol ethers and cedar balm with healing properties. Cedar is famous for its nuts. Walnut contains up to 60% fat, proteins and a complex of vitamins that contribute to growth that improve the composition of the blood and skin condition. Cedar oil is used in medicine, as well as for the manufacture of high-quality oil and paints. Even the shell of nuts and cones are used to obtain vitamins C and E, turpentar and paints. Cedar cones ripen in two years, especially large trees give up to 50 kg of walnut. Many forest residents are used by the gifts of the cedar: birds, chips and proteins make walnuts, bears with a nut feed fat for winter sleep. The most amazing cedar seed distributor is a cede. She boils nuts without tired: he sits on the branch, hesitates the bump and chooses the best nuts from it, part eats, and the rest hides with piles under moss, under the stumps of 5-6 pieces.

Card number 6.

Kiparis - R. evergreen trees and shrubs of a family of cypressive with a pyramidal or spreaded crown. Cypressions are grown in gardens and parks as decorative plants, as a living ingredient, the cypress evergreen is used most often for these purposes. A small size of a large-scale cypress allows you to use it even as indoor plant. Hivo and shoots of certain types, for example, a mexican cypress, are used to obtain aromatic oil, which finds use in aromatherapy, possessing antimorphism, antiseptic, antispagasmic, tonic and other useful properties. Wood cypresses are soft and easy and is used in construction, shipbuilding, for the manufacture of furniture, small products, including church utensils (china, crosses, icon boards). The high resin content in the wood provides its good safety, for this reason the ancient Egyptians did sarcophagi from this tree, and the cypress oil was used in the mercy of mummies. Plutarch recommended writing all laws on cypress boards.

5. Fastening.

So, tell me what we talked about today?

Estimated responses of students. Meaning in nature:

Organic substance synthesize;

Absorb carbon dioxide;

Select oxygen into the atmosphere;

Perform climate-forming;

Water protection;

Anti-erosion functions;

Are a power source;

Habitat for animals

The value in the life of a person:

1. Raw materials for paper production;

2. Material for the manufacture of violins, building material;

3. The source of vitamin C, raw materials for the manufacture of drugs;

4. Decoration of squares, boulevards in cities;

5. Production of furniture;

6. Sanatorium location

7. Foods

6. Homework: §, learn abstract. Perform the task:

Mini project - protect the forest !!!

Task: Suggest ways to combat forest problems, and make advertising "protect the forest!". When performing a task, you can use color pencils, markers, markers, knobs. The task is performed on A4.

If the material does not fit you, use the search

The role of coniferous forests in the nature and life of a person.

The program of the "Arrible World" program, great attention is paid to the formation of knowledge about the nature of Russia. Our country is often called the Great Forest Power. And really the forest zone takes more than half of Russia.

On the territory of our country, solid coniferous forests stretch for thousands of kilometers. These include coniferous trees, such as pines, spruce, fir, larch and others. The main area of \u200b\u200bconiferous forests is the extensive zone of taiga with a cold climate, extending to the south of the Arctic TundR.

The problem of the role of coniferous forests in the nature and life of a person is devoted to a large number of studies, including workJ.B. Bushengengo, Yu. Libih, Yu. Sax, I. Ingengauses, D. Priesley, J. Sebeje, N. Sosorur.

Great value of coniferous forest in nature. The forests regulate the melting of snow, since here it melts slowly than on open spaces. Melting waters are absorbed into the soil, the replenish stocks of groundwater, thereby adjusting the water level in rivers, absorb noise, weaken the strength of the winds, the sands are fixed. The forest is the habitat of many species of animals that feed on shoots, seeds, cones of coniferous plants.

The role of the coniferous forest in the life of a person is immeasurably, because each khosovka, the Forest Tresting is a factory for the production of oxygen. They enrich air oxygen necessary for breathing all living beings. Many coniferous species of trees highlight special substances - phytoncides, which clean the air from bacteria. That is why the smell of coniferous forest is pleasant, and in the coniferous forest so easily breathing. It is also known that warm summer air saturated with volatile substances is not always useful for a person. In this air, large doses of various physiologically active substances released by plants can be concentrated and it is transferred to patients in different ways. So, for people with cardiovascular diseases, coniferous forest air in summer period It has a stimulating effect, and in winter inhibiting.

The forest supplies raw materials many industries. Pine resin, fir is necessary for the production of rosin, oils, paints, varnishes, medicines, turpentine. Scientific technologies have developed up to the point that scientists have learned to turn wood into silk, wool and many other materials.

Another interesting "application" was reflected in artistic activities, as the beauty and greatness of coniferous forests, slim firings and pines inspire artists, writers, poets to create artistic canvases, songs, poems. Thus was created a wonderful story Konstantin Georgievich Powestoral "Basket with Spruce Sorses", where he subtly described all the power of the forest and nature in general. And also, for example, beautiful fir wood is a wonderful raw material for the manufacture of musical instruments (cello, violins, piano, doubles). No less interesting use was found for larch wood, because it is so solid and heavy that sinks during alloy. And therefore is used for the construction of bridges, fixing mines, the manufacture of telegraph pillars.

In the pharmaceutical industry, coniferous forests play an important role. Manufactured from fir and pine conifer Medical preparations are used to treat various human diseases. For medical purposes, many other parts are used. softwood, such as young kidneys, pollen, resin. So Siberian pine is called a combine tree, because almost all of its parts are used by man. Preparations made of coniferous plants possess a whole near healing properties. They are used as a diuretic, choleretic, constructive, hemostatic remedy. In addition, they have disinfectant and expectorant, and immunostimulating properties. It is also believed that these drugs have a rejuvenating effect, and contribute to an increase in the mobility of the joints.

It should be noted that the forest is necessary for a person, and for the preservation of the forest you need a person. After all, forests are a storage room of our health.

List of sources used

Bosova L.L. Natural lessons primary school // Around the world - 2009. - №2. P. 12-15.

Vinogradova N.F // Around the world: studies. For 3 cl. four years nach shk. / N.F. Vinogradova, G.G. Ivanchenkova, I.V. Potapova. - 4th ed. - M.: Enlightenment, 2001. 275С.

Lucisk K. // Plant World in Pictures, M: Russian Encyclopedic Partnership, 2004.- 64С., Ill. (Series "Preparing for School").

Pleshakov A.A // World around us. Studies. For 4 cl. nach shk. Part 1. / A.A. Pleshakov, E.A. Kryuchkov. - 5th ed. - M.: Enlightenment, 2007.- 223 p. : Ill.- (green house).