Fir tree in photo

Fir - relative ate, the genus of one-bedroom evergreen trees, a height from 25 to 50 m. Motherland - North America, the countries of the East - China, Japan, Korea, Far East.

When describing the fir tree, Krone deserves special attention - it is a pyramidal, with one barrel-axis and branches located in tiers. The needles are flattened, dugranny, with allocated stripes on the underside. Thanks to the wax challenge, it seems whites. At the top of the chewing, there is a notch, which is characteristic only for fir. The branch of the needles is attached by a disk-shaped extended base in the form of a suction cup, so it remains in the form of a scar. The arrivals in the evergreen coniferous tree fir live, not falling out, for several years. Rooting fir system deep, but not branched.

At the age of 30 and more years, the fir decorate the cones. They appear in the upper third of the crown, usually darker color and stand on branches with candles.

The genus of the Fir has more than 50 species, eight of them occurs in the natural conditions of Russia. With photos and descriptions of species of fir, especially popular in middle laneYou can read this page.

Siberian Fir tree in photo

In the northeastern regions of the European part of Russia, as well as in Siberia, the Siberian fir is common. In the mountains, she can rise to 2 thousand m above sea level. The tree is high, with a pyramid crown, durable - the maximum age is 200 years old, but it also dies not from old age, but from the root rot.

As can be seen in the photo, in the Siberian coofing fir is narrow, 2-3 cm long:

The root system is deep at the expense of the rod root, but not branched and without visible root hairs. They are replaced by the Mikariz of the mushroom, with which the fir forms a very productive symbiosis.

The kidneys are resinous, the gulfare also distinguishes the bark. Resin favorably affects the plant, reducing evaporation.

The winter hardiness of the Siberian fir is high, which cannot be said about resistance to air pollution. She also does not like the overwhelmed soils, and the swampy kill her.

All parts of the Siberian fir contain volatile and non-volatile resins. The volatile includes turpentine and essential solids, to non-volatile - caniforous-resin. Both those and others have bactericidal properties, thanks to which the fir in youth is almost not damaged by diseases.

From the needles and young branches on an industrial scale remove the fir oil, which is used to prepare camphor. In its pure form, fir oil is widely used in medicine - with inhalations, rubbers, as a component of drugs for the disease of the upper respiratory tract.

As the heart rate, this camphor of vitamin C and efficiency is superior to import.

Of great interest also pose a variety of fir east origin - from Korea, North China, from the Far East.

See the photo of the Siberian Fir, with the description of which you could get acquainted above:

Caucasian Fir in the photo

This plant is widespread enough, but less stable in culture. The tree is powerful, beautiful, very high and durable. He lives to 800 years, but also the Siberian Fir, does not die from old age, but from mushroom diseases and pests.

Caucasian Fir in the photo

In the culture, this species attracts the attention of breeders, they remove loaf forms, with golden cheese.

When describing Caucasian fir, it is worth noting and its main drawback is a tree often suffers from sunburn. Obviously, because the bark and branches are less protected by resinous substances than, for example, in the Siberian fir.

The dwarf decorative form of the fir of Nordman is a slow-growing plant "Golden Sprider" with a spreader crown. In culture since 1961.

Pay attention to the photo of the Caucasian fir of this variety - its needles from the top of the yellow-painted, and the bottom is yellow-white, the length of the chevings is 10-25 mm, the width is 2 mm:

This is a magnificent plant for making small gardens, can be used to decorate the bare stems of others. coniferous plants, grows perfectly in their shadows.

Balsamic fir in the photo

This is the fir of North America, growing wildly in Canada. May grow in the extreme north, in the tundra, where the dwarf-type thickets forms. She is not afraid and swampy places, near the reservoirs - the place for this fir is perfect.

The coniferous tree balsamic fir has a very fragrant dark green chevy and resinous kidneys. The name itself speaks of the value of this pit as giving balsam. They are saturated bark and young branches, and kidneys. Balsam from this fir-quality fir on international standards. He got the name "Canadian Balsam" and indispensable in microscopic practice for fixing the anatomical sections. Widely used in medicine as a bactericidal agent.

When describing the balsamic fir, it is impossible not to note its frost resistance. However, this tree is not drought-resistant, so it feels bad in the south. Especially adversely affects dry air, and Sukhov is devoted in general for her.

As shown in the photo, the balsamic fir has decorative forms with white at the ends of a cheese:

There are miniature forms, but used in landscaping they are only in the middle lane of Russia.

Fir "Nana" in the photo

Fir balsamic form "Dudrasonik", or "Nana"- the low-spirited slow-growing plant of the rounded shape, which achieves only 60 cm in height. Needs to acidic soil And the sun is open. Winter hardy up to -40 ° C. Plant better in autumn Or in winter. Shells she has dark green, short, glossy and thick.

In the wild, the fir-color fir is a tree up to 30 m of height. Young shoots yellowish-green, bare or weakly pubescent. The bark of the stem gray, first smooth, then deeply fractured. Kidney spherical, yellowish, resinous.

Decorative monochrome fir in the photo

Linear needles, 4-7 cm length, up to 2.5 mm width, on the top stupidly pointed or stupid, to the base is narrowed. The description of the needles of the monochrome fir follows from its name - needles on both sides of monochrome, siesoy, sizoked or grayish-green, dull, on side shoots are combing combs, somewhat curved.

Cryers of decorative monochrome fir

The cones oval-cylindrical, 8-12 cm of length, 3-5 cm thick, adults - light brown, weakly resinous. Current scales are twice as shorter than seeds, on the outer edge of the fine-grained, in the middle with a sharpness.

Seeds 10-12 mm length, wedge-shaped, light brown, with a wing of 15-20 mm, ripen in October.

This is an excellent decorative fir for the garden, in addition, it refers to the number of enduring, which is not even so dangerous air pollution. To the soil and climate is unable to multiply seeds.

From the dwarf forms of fir, the "glaucop of compact" is very popular. For her typical, dense asymmetric shape of the crown and catchy gray-blue needles. This culture is suitable for larger alpinaries, it can be planted in the neighborhood with them, as well as place in the middle of the lawn and in small gardens.

Look at the photo - in the monochrome fir, a grayish-bluish coloring of the needle contrasts with juicy green or green with a golden chipping of other conifers:

Single-flowered fir is appropriate to use for the conditions of dry south, southeast. Her homeland is North America, grows along rivers, on shady slopes. The tree is beautiful, slim, with a crown wax matte. Cheerlets are long - up to 5-6 cm, have the smell of lemon.

The plant is very light-minded. Extremely hardy. It is unpretentious in culture, grows on any soils, even on saline. The tree of dull and frost-resistant and in landscaping of the middle strip of Russia is very popular, because it is as beautiful, so and durable. Life life - 350 years.

As can be seen in the photo, this decorative fir has a shape with silver-white cheese, white-blue, golden or pale yellow, as well as dwarf and dusting:

Of great interest also represented the firs of Eastern origin - from Korea, North China, from the Far East.

In adulthood seems too cumbersome for small gardenBut, nevertheless, it is quite suitable for such use. Many years will pass before this plant reaches 2-4 m of height. It grows slowly. It often happens that the old Korean fir is a crown diameter greater than the height of the entire plant.

Pay attention to the photo - this type of fir is very beautiful, dense, juicy-green top and white bottom of the needles, and most importantly - attractive purple cones that appear even on a young tree.

Fir dwarf "Sillklok" in the photo

This species has a dwarf shape of Silberlock. The plant reaches only 80 cm in height - a small dark green needles from the bottom side of the white. The bumps of dark red color, 10 cm long, when ripening, spread seeds. Winter hardiness up to -29 ° C.

Fir Vicha in the photo

Fir Vicharight from Japan. It is very unusual and decorative with its falling branches with a soft, curved cheese. Young age grows quickly. Winter hardy and resistant to smoke, can, gases. But loves light and fertile soil.

Pihta is equal Also from Japan. A tree in natural conditions grows in the mountains. Unlike Vicha has resinous kidneys. In Russia, he successfully grows on the Black Sea coast, and in the European part of all its majesty loses, reaching a height of 20-25 m.

As shown in the photo, this type of fir in Japan is often cultivated as bonsai, and in natural form it is a decoration of parks, temples, locks.

Fir Vetchova - Tall species, is a slim tree, reaching 20 m of height and 4 m in the diameter of the crown. She has thick shiny needles of dark green color with a silver tide on the underside. Every year, this tree grows about 70 cm in height and 20 cm in width. It is planted, mainly, one in large gardens.

Fir high or giant - A view from North America, it is found in the mountains at an altitude of 2100 m above sea level, where it reaches a height of up to 100 m. Of course, in Europe it does not happen so high, but it agrees with success, differing unpretentiousness.

Fir Milovoid Also is a powerful tree. Wildly growing in North America. Distinctive feature It is a long (up to 3 cm) of the needles with the smell of orange. Kidneys and young branches resinous.

Fir were decoration of gardens in Ancient Greece. There are several Mediterranean species of interest from the point of view of historical objects.

Fir Fishing, "Spread Star" - Dutch up to 90 cm height, with low growing spreading branches.

Look at the photo - this is a grade of fir over time forms a carpet of 3-3.5 m wide:

It is best grows on acidic soil and an open sun. Winter hardy up to -23 ° C. It is better to plant in autumn or in winter.

Greek Fir (Parnasskaya), according to legend, was used to build a Trojan horse. Its feature is a spiral location of the needles. It grows in the mountains of Greece. We feel good in Sochi.

Spanish fir It is found in the limestone mountains of southern Spain at an altitude of 2000 m above sea level. This is a relatively low tree, up to 25 m, very beautiful with its thick crown.

As can be seen in the photo, this tree of the fir fir is short, but thick and tough, which is not typical for other fiht:

They are located on the spirals, because of which the lumen in the crown does not remain. The kind of thermal-loving, enemora-resistant, to the soils undemanding. In landscaping, used on the Black Sea coast and in the Crimea.

Alien from North America, very steady and decorative View. The tree is low, slim. Short, kidney resinous. The view is winter-hardy and drought-resistant, but poorly tolerates urban conditions.

Pihta subalpian Perspective for middle strip in Russia and chernozem. In a wild form meets in Alaska, where he lives high in the mountains. The tree grows very slowly, reaching 20 m to the height of 200 years. The kidneys are resinous, the needles are relatively long, up to 4 cm. The view is unpretentious in culture.

There is a dwarf form - "Compact"which is used when growing in containers.

It is found in the south of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands on the wooded mountains. In landscaping used in the average latitudes of Russia. The tree is very decorative. Proper conical shape, smooth bark, soft stupid needles - these are the main parameters of its appearance. Well gives seeds. Ellipsed cones, up to 7 cm length. Seeds are yellow or brown with purple wing. The moisture building, frost-resistant, although the needles is frozen with spring frosts, in the culture of unpretentious.

Fir breeding seeds and cuttings

The main way of reproduction of fir - seeds. The cones ripen in the year of flowering, at the beginning of autumn (September). It is necessary to collect them as soon as the discernible discrepancy will begin, otherwise they are cracking and tremendous.

Seed seeds better spring After a monthly stratification. The land when crops should be warm, which increases the germination of seeds and will allow to get away from spring frosts.

Seedlings need mandatory prience, otherwise sunny burns They will be destroyed. An equally important operation on seedlings is the mulching of the soil, which will protect the weak root system from overheating and save by weeds.

In one place, the seedlings hold 3 years. Then they are transplanted at the very beginning of autumn in the ridges to grow, giving a power area of \u200b\u200b15 x 20 cm. Transplanted seedlings so that they have managed to root until winter.

After another 3-4 years, the Fir can land for a permanent place. in early spring or early autumn.

Vegetative reproduction - cuttings and decodes. These methods are very laborious, however, it allows you to fully maintain the individual features of the plants.

When the garden forms are reproduced, a vegetative method, in particular cuttings, is preferred.

The best stalks for breeding fir - side annual shoots 7-10 cm length with small top kidneys with 2-3rd branches. They are cut with a "heel" or climb. The cuttings are harvested in early spring during the period of spring intake. Sit into the sand to a depth of 1.5 cm, regularly sprayed, covered with polyethylene and put it in the shaded place. In the first 2-3 weeks, this mode retains. Periodic ventilation is necessary, but without drafts. Roots are formed in 2-3 months.

In the nature of the fir, it is easily multiplied with both seeds and vegetatively (grain). Seeds quickly take up even during self-sow, and the lower branches, in contact with the Earth, are rooted, giving numerous chains. They grow in the form of a squabble when communication with the parent plant is lost.

Decorative forms of fir breeding with cuttings, taken only from young plants.

Conditions of cultivation and firing

All fir grow well on open places Single trees and groups. The soil and humidity of the air are demanding. Frost resistant, do not carry Gary, smog urban conditions. Firmes are demanding of other coniferous rocks to gravity conditions. They are light-minded and only in young age carry shading. Soil prefers clay and sandy, moderately wet, rich nutrient substances And do not take a high level of the underwater.

One of important conditions Growing fir - wind-protected place and clean air, as these trees do not at all end rise and smoke and better suitable for country country sites.

Fir - light-loving plants. In thickened and shaded landings, they are minor. The typical form of fir crown will be formed only in open places.

Forming the fir crown in the process of growth is not necessary, but to ensure that the seedlings do not have two vertices - be sure. If there are two vertices, which is possible when the tip or damage to pests, it is necessary to remove the weaker, and the better the better.

And in winter and in summer, evergreen fir adequately meets all the weather cereals of nature. That is why adamant emerald fir in the ancient Slavs was a symbol of patience, dignity and revival.

Shamans were made from the fir talismans, giving the owner a huge intellectual and physical force. In addition, like many coniferous trees, fir was a symbol of the new year and the birth of a new life.

names of fir

One of the versions russian word "Fir" happened from Karelian "Pihka", which means "resin". Thanks to the resin, the fir branches have an amazing fragrant aroma.

According to another version, the word happened from the Latin "Fichte", which is actually translated as "fir". Latin name "Abies" is also translated as "fir".

What pihti looks like

Fir is a pyramid tree with a thick green cheese. The fir branches begin with the Earth itself, as well as the ate.

Separate species The tree reaches 40 meters in height, but the diameter of the trunk remains about half a meter.

The root system consists of a central root deeper in the land and several surface. Thanks to this root, the fir is incredibly stable. Even strong hurricanes are not able to harm the tree.

The bark of the tree is smooth with small thickening - grata, which contains fragrant gils.

Where the fir grows

Basically, fir applies to the Urals, Siberia and the Far East. Separate species are found in Canada and in Alaska. Firies are even found in Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala and Salvador.

Fir - a rather demanding thermal-loving tree and loves fertile moderately moistened soil. Nevertheless, about 50 types of fir grows in the world. The most common in Russia is Siberian Fir.

When Fir Flowers

Fir grows slowly and in the first years of life adds only a few centimeters in height. Flowering occurs in the spring in May.

Violet women's cones ripen throughout the summer and fall in September. When all seeds leave the bump, it completely crumbles.

The average age of the FICH ranges from 300 to 400 years. Flowering the tree begins at about 60 years of age.

Therapeutic properties of fir

For medical purposes, they use a bark, bumps, gils, chevy and branches.

Fir feeds contain vitamin C. In addition, they produce essential oil, which is a valuable component of many medicinal and cosmetics. This oil is also mined from tree branches.

The needles of fir can take accumulated harmful substances from the body. In addition, it is used in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Infusions and decoctions of needles are accepted for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Infusion of needlephs are also an excellent immunostimulating agent. In the spring it is especially relevant. This drink is not only strengthens the immunity, but also calms the nervous system.

The fir bumps are sealed in a water bath and use for the treatment of rheumatism and to eliminate articular pain.

Application of fir

Despite spiny branches, fir brooms are widely used in Siberia. Fir oil is also added to the shampoos to normalize the work of the sebaceous glands.

For joinery, fir wood does not represent much interest. Due to the lack of resin in the wood, it is susceptible to rotting to a greater extent than other breeds. However, fir wood is the most valuable raw materials for paper production.

Resonant Fir Wood Used for making Dec of various musical instruments.

Zhivitsa extracted from tree bark is used in the optical industry, medicine and perfumery.

Contraindications

When using products from fir for medical purposes, it is necessary to remember the individual intolerance of the components.

Fir oil stands with extreme caution to apply nursing mothers and people with heart problems.

Before applying fir products in the treatment of any diseases, you must consult with your doctor.

The fir can multiply with gangways. If one of the lower branches touches the earth, it can give roots and form a new tree. The fir stabel is an unusual natural phenomenon.

The needles of cut fir leaves much less than the needles of ate, so the fir sometimes give greater preference to the New Year holidays.

The fir bumps in contrast to other conifers are vertically.

Fir contains phytoncides, so it can be used to disinfect the room.

Firmers are very sensitive to such factors as dustiness and smoke, so rarely found in cities.

Vector illustrations: Solik25, Merlu , VovaFritz, Nick Vasilyev (Yandex.Photos)

Plant fir (lat. Abies) Represents the genus of the family pine. The Russian name of the plant occurred from the German word Fichte, which means "spruce." Spilled fir-fir in subtropical, moderate and even tropical areas of the northern hemisphere, including in El Salvador, Mexico, Honduras and Guatemala. Most often, the fir dwells in coniferous forests, in the neighborhood with such trees, like cedar, spruce and pine, but it meets in mixed, and even in deciduous forests. There is a genus about 50 types - from shrubs 50 cm high to trees with a height of 80 m. Currently, the decorative fir is incredibly in demand in landscaping both household plots and public parks and stems. She is beautiful and unpretentious. From the disadvantages, you can call low frost resistance, as well as the intolerance of the fir of smoke, gas and too dry air.

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Fir tree - Description

Fir plant One-bedroom, evergreen, thermal-loving and shadowish. It has a powerful root system, rod, deeply flowing into the ground. The bark of the fir in the young years is thin and smooth, with age, it becomes thick and cracked. Crown cone-shaped, starting right at the base of the trunk - this fir is different from the rest of coniferous trees. Fir branches are arranged ring-horizontally, fir leaves are flat, all-strife soft needles, narrowed at the base in a short petiole. Needles fir do not acquire a dirty-red shade in winter, as it happens with many other conifers, the fir is decorated with two white stripes from each other. At the reproductive branches, the needles pointed, on vegetative shoots - with a weakly laid or rounded top. Men's flowers look like earrings from lumps, and female - ovoid, cylindrical or ovoid-cylindrical, protruding cones (one more difference in the fir from the rest of conifer, whose cones are usually hanging). Female bumps Fir consist of a rod on which crumbling scales are sitting inside which there are fruit scales carrying two seeds. Firmes are pollinated by wind. When fir seeds ripen, scales on the cones are treated and disappear, freeing the winged seeds and leaving only the rods on the tree. In the culture in one place of the fir is able to live to three hundred years.

Planting fir

When to plant a fir.

For landing in the soil you will need fir seedlings at least four years. You need to plant them in April, and even better at the end of August or early September, and it is advisable to choose a rainy or cloudy day to plant. Place for fir is chosen in the shade or semi-intensity on areas with a wet, rich, well-drained soil, ideally it should be loam. Wonderful if not far from the place where the fir will grow is a reservoir.

How to plant a fir.

Two weeks before planting the fir, dig a pit with a size of about 60x60x60, although the dimensions of the pits depend on the volume of the root seedlock system. Pour 2-3 buckets of water into a pit, and when it absorbs, sleep the bottom of the shovel halftone and place a layer of rubble or broken bricks with a thickness of 5-6 cm. Then fill the pit to half a thoroughly mixed soil of this composition: 3 pieces of humus, 2 Parts of clay, 1 part of peat and sand, 10 kg of sawdust and 200-300 g nitroposki. Two weeks later, when the soil in the pit is mounted, lower the roots of the seedling in such a way that the root neck is to be flushed with the surface of the site - it is more convenient to install a seedling on a hilmik from the soil. Pour the roots of the seedling, fill in the pit to the top of the nutrient soil of the composition described above and carefully compact it. After landing, Pight Fir. If you decide to grow a fir alley, place saplings at a distance of 4-5 m from each other. PICHT group landing involves a distance between the seedlings of 3-3.5 m for loose groups and 2.5 m for dense.

Fishing Care in the Garden

How to grow fir.

Caring for seedlings, loose after watering the ground to a depth of 10-12 cm and remove weeds. The rolling circle of young plants is desirable to climb into a diameter of 50 cm chipping, sawdust or peat, a layer of mulch - 5-8 cm, follow only so that the mulch does not lie closely to the root fir fir. It will be necessary to feed the fir after landing will be only in 2-3 years, bringing the spring in the spring of 100-125 g of Kemira-Universal. Watering the fir will have only if you grow moofable view, for example, a balsamic fir, which requires watering 2-3 times per season in a dry time. The amount of water for one watering is 15-20 liters. The rest of the form artificial irrigation is not needed - the fir does not like to be overwhelmed, they are quite natural precipitation.

As for trimming, in the spring, before the start of the sludge, dry and damaged branches are removed, and also form fir crown if there is a need. Pruning is carried out by garden scissors. For one haircut, shoots no more than a third of the length. In general, the fir is a natural neat crown that does not require formation.

Fir transplantation.

Compared to other plants, coniferous trees are adapted after the transplant is quite easy. If you decide to transplant a young plant, plotting a sharp shovel at a distance of 30-40 cm from the land of the land around the circumference, then you will find this knotted circle on the depth of the bayonet, remove it along with roots and an earthen room, transport to the wheelbarrow to a new pit and gently move in it. Older Tree It is necessary to prepare to transplant: Putting the land in a circle you need a year before the transplant, and the diameter of the circle in this case should be greater. For the year of the fir, new young roots inside the designated circle will increase and thanks to this it is easier to endure a testing test. Only remove the fir from the ground, to transport and plant a new place to one person will be hard, so looking for an assistant. The main thing in this process is not to give an earthen anyone to fall apart.

Pests and diseases of fir.

As you might make sure, landing and care for the fir is simple, and the plant will not require any special skills or efforts. Fish is sufficiently stable and against such troubles, as diseases and pests, but there are cases when fir loses decorativeness because of the fir-fir-fir churchness - a variety of phones, from the vital activity of which fir yellow. To combat the hurmes, Rogor drugs or anti-alo are used: early in spring, when they wake up the overwhelming females of the Tly, treat the fir with a solution of one of these preparations at the rate of 20 g per 10 liters of water. These insecticides will save your tree and from other harmful insects - fir shooting moths and fir-tide lopping.

Sometimes the beauty of the shoe fir begins to yellow, and rusty pillows are formed on shoots, and the reason for this is a rust fungal disease. The affected branches are cut and burned together with the fallen cheese, the sections are treated with a garden, and the crown is sprayed with a two-percent solution of burgundy fluid. And carefully inspect the plot: such plants like an Yaskolka or a star, where coniferous is growing, should not be.

Reproduction of fir

How to propagate the fir.

The species fir breeds seeds that are harvested at the very beginning of cones ripening, and decorative varieties are pile.

Fir breeding with cuttings.

The cuttings for rooting a length of 5-8 cm should be taken only from young trees, and it must be annual shoots from one (not two - it is important) the top kidney and necessarily with the heel. If you want to get a stalk with a heel, it is better not to cut it, but to tear off with a sharp movement with fragments of the crust and wood more adult escape. It is necessary to harvest the cuttings in the spring, before the start of the sludge, in a cloudy morning from the middle part of the crown from its northern side. Before boarding from the heel carefully remove burrs. Make sure the bark to the heel did not penetrate from the wood. To avoid further the development of fungal diseases, the cuttings for 6 hours are kept in a two-percent solution of fundamental, captain or in a solution of dark-rose-colored. Then the cuttings are planted in a mixture of sand, humid and leaf land in equal parts and are covered with a transparent cap. In order for cuttings faster roots, it is advisable to arrange a lower heated substrate by 2-3ºC above room temperature. Keep the cuttings need in a light, but not sunny place, arranging daily ventilation. For the winter, the container with cuttings can be moved to the basement, and in the spring it can already be removed on fresh air. To roigh up the cuttings will be long - the fir has a callus, and the roots will appear in the second year.

Growing fir from seeds.

To assemble the fir seeds is not easy, since the cones in adult trees ripen highly, and as soon as they ripen, the winged seeds of them are immediately scattered. But if you were lucky to get a slightly unlooked bump, driving it, remove the seeds and keep them before sowing in the refrigerator or in the basement high humidity - Before planting seeds, fir needs stratification. In April, the seeds are seeded in a garden to a depth of 2 cm into the ground from sand and turf and covered with a film to avoid formation on the surface of the soil crust and speed up the appearance of germs. When sprouts come up after 3-4 weeks, start watering, loosen and giving the beds. In the first winter, seedlings are covered with a sweetheart. On the next year You can land a seeder to a permanent place. The fir from the seed initially grows very slowly: in four years it reaches a height of 30-40 cm, because it develops mostly root system. But then the growth is noticeably accelerated.

Fir in winter

Fir in autumn.

The firs recommended for landing in the middle lane transfer our winter well, however, young plants need to be covered with a napkin, and the rolling circle is tortured by peat or dry leaves of a layer of 10-12 cm.

Wintering fir in the country.

Adult plants winter without shelter, but at the end of winter need to cover the fir nonwoven material to protect them from the spring sun - they can suffer greatly from him too bright at this time of the rays.

Types and varieties of fir

Among the large number of species and varieties of PICT there are plants more and less demanded in culture. We offer you acquaintance with the most popular of them.

Balsamea Fir (Abies Balsamea)

in nature, it is growing in Canada and the United States, its range in the north is limited to tundra, and in the mountainous terrain it can be found at an altitude of 1500 to 2000 m. This is a shadowless, frost-resistant fir, which, unfortunately, does not differ in longevity - it lives not more than 200 years. It is a fir balsamic tree height from 15 to 25 m with a thickness of a barrel of 50-70 cm. The bark on young trees smooth, ash-gray, on those older, a reddish-brown bark, fractured. Smithdy kidneys, greenish with pale-purple tint, ovoid or spherical. Coupling, length from 15 to 30 mm, shiny, dark green with all-life lines along the entire sheet, stupid or slightly laid on the top are not falling within 4-7 years, with rubbing they make a pleasant smell. The cones oval-cylindrical, 5-10 cm in height, 2-2.5 cm wide, immature have a dark purple shade, when ripening become brown, very resinous. In culture, this view from 1697. Used fir balsamic in single and small group landings. Famous forms:

• – Hudsonia - Dwarf peer fir with a wide crown, very thick branches and short numerous shoots. The needles are also short, wide and flat, on the upper side of black and green, with the bottom greenish blue. In culture since 1810;
• – Nana - The fir height is not more than 50 cm, the crown is rounded, with a diameter up to 2.5 m, the twigs are splashed, horizontal, thick, the needles are short, thick, very dark green, from the bottom side is yellow-green with two white-blue stripes. In culture since 1850. It is used for landscaping terraces, roofs, stony gardens.

In culture, more such forms of fir balsamic, as sisaya, silver, gentle, column-like, open and dwarfs are grown.

Fir Korean (Abies Koreana)

it grows in the mountains of the south of the Korean Peninsula at an altitude of 1800 m, forming clean and mixed forests. In young age, it grows very slowly, but with age, growth is accelerated. Korean fir height is about 15 m, barrel in diameter from 50 to 80 cm, Croon cone-shaped, bark in young trees smooth, ash, sometimes with a purple tint, in old - chestnuts with deep cracks. The kidneys are slightly resinous, almost round, the needles are thick, rigid, the cheap-shaped cheaps are bent, on the top with the excavation, on the upper side, dark green, with the bottom, as it were, silvery from two widescurious strips. Cylindrical cones, 5-7 cm long, in diameter up to 3 cm, in young age purple-purple. In Europe, the fir is delivered in 1905. In decorative terms, this beautiful and winter-hard-resistant view with a two-color cheeveyor does not have equal. It was the landing of Korean fir that was described in this article, as well as the care of the Korean Fir was based on the subsection for the departure of plants of the Piht plant. Species of Korean Fir:

• – Blue Standard - very similar about the characteristics to the original form, only the bumps of it is dark purple;
• – Brevifolia. - Slowly growing cultivar with a rounded dense crown, but with a more loose, than that of the source species, a mustache, a marsh-green color from above and a white-gray bottom. Purple cones, small;
• – Piccolo - The height is only 30 cm, the crown is stretched, horizontal, with a diameter to one and a half meters in an adult plant. Needle, like the original type.

Caucasian Fir, or Nordmann Fir (Abies Nordmanniana)

it is a Caucasian endemic, because it grows in nature only in the Caucasian mountains. This tree is a height of up to 60 m and a thickness of the barrel to 2 m, with a thick, branchy low-headed crown of a narrow conical shape with an acute tip, which is not so pronounced in adulthood. The stamp bark, brilliant, but in the eighty-year-old age, deep cracks begin to appear. The kidneys are egg-shaped, almost without resin. Couplings up to 40 mm long, up to 2.5 mm wide, on the upper side dark green, from the bottom with two white stripes, on the vegetative shoots of the top with the excavation, on the plug-in gently pointed. Cones, up to 20 cm long and a diameter of up to 5 cm, green in young age and dark brown, resinous in a ripe. This fast-growing view lives up to 500 years. Forms such forms of Caucasian fir are known: reprehensive, wrapped, golden, golden, blonde and sisaya.

Single-Color Fir (Abies Concolor)

- Queen among FIKHT from the north of Mexico and the south-west of the United States, where it can be found in the canyons of rivers and on the slopes of mountains at an altitude of 2000 to 3000 m above sea level. This is one of the most drin-resistant species, the life expectancy of which is three and a half century. The height of the fir-colored firing from 40 to 60 m, the thickness of the barrel to 2 m, the crown of the cone shape, in the youth is quite thick, in old age becomes much less frequent. The old bark ash-gray shade, rough, all in cracks. Single resinous yellow-green kidneys are reached in a diameter of 5 cm. Sisido-green chevings up to 7 cm long, up to 3 mm wide, with a lager-round tip, have allorate lines both on the top and on the underside. The cones are oval-cylindrical, up to 14 and up to 5 cm long, in immature age purple or green, in ripe light brown. In culture since 1831. The most spectacular looks like a fir on the background of yellow larchs. The most famous decorative forms:

• – fir Compact - shrub cultivar of dwarf sizes with open branches and blue cheese. Sometimes it is called the glaucop compact;
• – Violacea - fast-growing tree height up to 8 m with a wide cone-shaped crown and white-blue long cheese. Differs high decorativeness and drought resistance.

Fir Sibirskaya (Abies Sibirica)

grows in northeast Russian Federation on the highlands and valleys of rivers. This shadowless winter-hardy kind is protected by the state. Fir Siberian is the most famous representative of the genus. This tree is a height of up to 30 m with a narrow cone-shaped crown. Smooth almost all over the entire length of the barrel, gray bark in the lower part cracks. Couplings are narrow, soft, shiny, up to 3 cm long, dark green color from above and with two white stripes from below. The cones are a reprehension, when ripening light brown. Varieties: blue, white, motley, elegant and others.

In addition to the culture described in culture, subalpine, phrase, solisted, equitable, semenova, Sakhalin, Mayra, Elegant, Kefallinskaya or Greek, High, Vice, White, White or Handheld, White or European and Arizona, are found in culture.

Properties of fir

Fir plant is special even among conifers. Its wood does not contain resinous substances, therefore musical instruments make musical instruments and build ships. Fir bark - raw materials for valuable balsam, and needles and branches - for fir oil. From needles and bark prepare a decoction, lowering the acidity of the stomach, boosting efficiency and immunity, relieving the toothpow.

Resin Fir - a good antiseptic used in folk medicine For lubrication of wounds, cuts, abrasion and ulcers. Early migrants in America and its indigenous people were widely used by resin fir, having a pleasant taste, in therapeutic purposes: She was treated with bronchitis, cough, throat pain and even tuberculosis, as well as cancer, dysentery, otitis, inflammation of the mucous membrane, some urogenital diseases (for example, gonoron and vaginal infections), zing, rheumatism, muscle pain and joints.

Medical preparations with an extract content, which is based on fir cell juice, is used in the treatment of rheumatism, inflammatory processes, infectious diseases, chronic and acute heart failure. Eating fir cell juice:

• - stimulates blood formation;
• - strengthens immunity, restores the protective function of the body;
• - has an anti-inflammatory effect in the treatment of pulmonary diseases;
• - serves preventing oncological and cardiovascular diseases;
• - prevents the development of hypertension;
• - improves the operation of excretory bodies;
• - normalizes the work of the stomach and intestines;
• - fills the lack of vitamins, micro- and macroelements in the body;
• - protects against the influence of radiation;
• - relieves stress, has an antioxidant effect and increases the body's resistance to unfavorable external environmental factors.

For sale, the fir juice comes in the form of phytocteches that are ready for consumption, and in natural form - this liquid can be used inward only in a diluted form.

Essential fir oil helps even in cases in which various chemotherapeutic drugs are powerless, for example, slows down and even suspends the growth of cancer cells. The oil comes immediately into the blood and is collected in the hearth disease, bypassing the digestion organs, and therefore without decaying. His combat component - camphor. Fir oil is a universal medicine in medicine, which has bactericidal, antiseptic, anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, condatory, soothing and toning effect. It is widely used not only in medicine, but also in cosmetology for treating acne, lichen, furunculosis, removal of edema, smoothing wrinkles, eliminating leather flabbing, warts and other skin problems.

The use of fir and drugs from it requires compliance with some rules: during treatment it is necessary to abandon the use of alcoholic beverages, even weak, since alcohol levels the effect of drugs. Refuse to receive drugs from fir, if you found their intolerance to your body. It is impossible to be treated by the fir sick epilepsy, gastritis or ulcerative gastric disease having a kidney pathology. It is contraindicated with pregnant and nursing women, as well as children. Improper use of drugs or dosage disorders can cause an allergic reaction. If you have gotten it, there are swelling and red spots on the skin, it is better to stop taking the drug. If you do not know how the body responds to the fir, spend the test: drop 10-15 drops of oil or juice on the back of the hand or legs and carefully stick into the skin. If, during the next two or three days, the allergies will not appear, you can take the drug, but be sure to consult your doctor about the dosage.

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1. Description of the Representative
2. Root system
3. Spread
4. Landing and care

Fir Siberian (Lat. Abies Sibirica) - Commercial conifer treeCommodified in the northern latitudes of Russia. In appearance resembles a fir, but there is still differences.

Description of the Representative

Abies sibirica - the most common evergreen view fir-tree trees On the territory of Russia, it is a pine family.

The height of the plant reaches 30 ... 60 meters, in rare cases up to 100 m. Crown is a narrow cone, which distinguishes the fir from ate. The diameter of the green skirt is 0.5 ... 2 meters. The fir bark is thin, light gray, in the bottom of the trunk, ribbed, closer to the top of the top - smooth.

In the thickens of the bark, the Zhivitsa is accumulated - "fir balsam". Siberian fir branches are thin, lower down to the ground under the weight of their weight and snow. Couplings are smooth and flat, reach 3 cm in length, to the touch are soft and not spiky, with a stupid tip. On branches are located in a clear order alternately (as in the photo below). Like all representatives of pine, needle greenery fir exudes a thin coniferous aroma. Life life of needles - up to 10 years. Fixing, the needles leave the scars on the branches.

Chies fir vertically sitting, red-purple or green. Locked in the top of the tree on one year old shoots. The bumps ripen during the summer, squeezing occurs late in autumn or in winter. Seeds have a ward, thanks to which they scatter at a considerable distance. The fruction of the Siberian fir begins in the 70th age, if the tree lives in forest plantation, the lonely plants have cones appear for about 35 years, the first seeds ripen in the same year.

The life expectancy of fir in vivo can exceed 200 years.

Root system

The plant develops different root systems depending on the type of soil:

1. On dry and scant soils, a long rod is formed, its side gods are also deeply plunged into the ground. Such trees are stable and live long.
2. On wet nutrient soils, there is no need for gluke, therefore the surface develops root system. Due to the softness of the base and weak blowing of the fir, Siberian often turns out to be strong hurricane winds.

Spread

Fir Siberian is distributed in Russia in the northern regions from the Urals to Eastern Siberia. It may grow in similar climatic areas of localities after an artificial landing. The properties and quality of wood does not change. The tree lives in coniferous and mixed forests, less often in palpathic and deciduous plantings.

Landing and care

The fir is often planted into the urban space to create livestocks near roads and rivers, to create park zones and additional settlement of existing forest belt. The planting material uses ripe fir seeds. In nature, the plant is able to multiply vegetatively: the lower branches, clinging to the ground, the roots are allowed, a new tree is formed. Artificial landing is carried out by young seedlings with age up to 10 years. Ripe cones are harvested for their cultivation, the winged seeds are made of them and put in the ground in a rejected place. The first time of the fir grows very slowly.

Transplanting more reluble wood undesirable - the likelihood of his suggestion. It is important to observe the distance between future trees:

• In tight plantation - 2.5 meters;
• In small groups - 3 ... 3.5 meters;
• For Alley, the distance is 4 ... 5 meters.

Landing fir is carried out during the period of active melting of the snow and the wake of the soil (April) or in the fall in September, while the Earth is still warm.

How landing is carried out:

1. In the allotted place, a hole of a 60-80 cm depth and a perimeter 50x50 or 60x60 cm, depending on the size of the seedling root system, are revealed.
2. If the soils are heavy and dense, at the bottom of the pit necessarily fall asleep with a thickness of at least 20 cm draining material - gravel, broken brick, claymzit, then sand.
3. Put in the deepening any mineral fertilizer. Like any pine spoken, fir loves alkaline soil, because it is added to 200 ... 300 grams of lime.
4. A seedling is breed so that the root cervix sapling remains above the ground, soil falls asleep and compact it.
5. Produced primary care: new landing Requires careful watering.

Young plantings are thoroughly loose to a depth of up to 30 cm, be sure to be mounted in the coil circles peat, chips or sawdust. As needed, the adjacent area is passed. A young plant care is necessary in winter: so that it does not froze in frost, the village is covered with a sweetheart. Over time, stability to winters is set. Fir - unpretentious plant, Special care is not required. In the conditions of the city and scant soils every 2-3 years, it is possible to make a fertilizer "Kemira Universal" in the amount of 150 g / m2.

Properties and application in medicine

Medical properties Siberian Fir, a description of which is in the medical base, is actively used by doctors for appointing accompanying or self-care in many diseases.

1. Wood camphor has analleptic properties, which helps with respiratory problems - pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis, bronchi spasms, laryngitis. The substance has an exciting effect for the process of respiration and blood circulation.
2. The diuretic effect of decoction of needle and kidneys helps with the problems of the urinary system.
3. An anesthetic effect is used in rheumatic spasms and colds;
4. The annoying and antimicrobial effect of the turpidar helps to neutralize the wound, conduct medical care Behind the skin, in small doses it is added to the solution for inhalation;
5. Therapeutic properties of cones help with a comprehensive approach to diseases of feet and joints.
6. All parts of the tree contain a large number of useful trace elements, the decoctions are used as a means against cingi, to replenish the vitality of the body and normalization of its condition.

Special attention deserves fir oil. It is mainly in needles, in small quantities in young sprigs, cones and the crust. The oil has a saturated coniferous aroma for which the fans of the bath and saunas love him. In addition to the pleasant smell of substances that are part of the composition, have a number of healing properties:

• Conjunctive;
• Restoring;
• Disinfectant;
• Anti-inflammatory;
• Bactericidal.

It is prescribed as accompanying therapy in the treatment of different diseases:

• Skin diseases: psoriasis, dermatitis;
• Glaucoma;
• The problems of the vascular system: ITR, aligns reduced / increased pressure;
• Diseases of the joints.

Strengthens immunity, saturates the body with vitamins, minerals, experimental means a slowdown in the growth of malignant tumors in experimental animals was recorded. Chemical composition Woods and needles:

• Group vitamins in;
• Vitamin C;
• Provitamin A;
• Cineol, saffrol;
• Antioxidant Maltol;
• Micro and macroelements and many other substances.

Industry and construction

Fir Siberian - unique material for the construction of houses. Fir wood does not differ in high density, it rather has a loose structure. Located from fir well kept warm in rooms. Bar and logs are made of trunks. In the fir-house house, the aroma of coniferous rocks is preserved, allocated wood volatile substances disinfect air. In such a room, the human body truly rests from a severe urban atmosphere. Wood except useful properties has an aesthetic appearance. It makes furniture made of it, kitchen utensilscrafts. All products for a long time exuded fir essential oils with all their useful properties. Oil from old large branches (smellar) is on the production of perfumes, perfume waters, deodorants, lotions. It is added to the solution when cooking soap. Balm fir has adhesiveness, and the active substance is not crystallized when frozen. It has a uniform structure and in the same way in all points refracting light. This quality is used in the production and assembly of complex optical equipment.

- This is an evergreen plant having a conical macushkin. Makushka Fir starts from the base of the Stam. In adult trees, the top of the crown is rounded or a leaked.

Periderm gray color, it is not wrinkled by the majority. The periderm of mature trees over time becomes thicker and cracks. Some kinds of garden have a cheese-gray or green and blue color. Needles in most trees are flat, dark green color with dairy stripes from below.

Fir has a pleasant coniferous smell. There are about forty types of fir, but not all of them are suitable for garden-park design, since individual plants grow up to sixty meters. The bumps are located at the top of the top of the top. The development of cones takes decades. Fir bumps fall on the ground by drowsing parts. Fir root rod, strong.

There are fir with decorative cones, they include next species: Korean Fir, Vicha Fir, Single-Collective Fir, Frazere Fir, Siberian Fir. Fir is divided into species that, in turn, have a variety of varieties. Below your attention is the most popular and common types of fir.

Did you know? A distinctive feature of fir plants is the arrangement of resin moves in the periderm, and not wood.

Motherland - North America and Canada. Tree macushkin symmetric, thick, keglet, located low. Plant height - from 15 to 25 meters. Steiderma with age changes its color from ash-gray on red-brown, and shoots - from ruby \u200b\u200bon red-brown. The branches are placed ring-like on tiers. The needles are shiny poisonous green, with a pronounced balsamic smell, small bumps of purple color.

Cylindrical cones, up to ten centimeters long. This type of fir is shadowed, frost-resistant and fast-growing. The branches of the lower tier are good. Balsamic fir is represented by several decorative garden forms of such a variety as Nana and Hudzonia.

Fir Balsamic variety Nana is a slow-growing plant in the form of a dwarf bush. The bush is landed, pillow, height does not exceed fifty centimeters, and the diameter - eighty centimeters. The needles of the shrub short, ruby \u200b\u200bcolor, strongly shot down, pleasantly smelling. Nana winter-hardy, but does not tolerate high temperatures and drought.

Motherland of monochrome fir - US Mountains and Northern Mexico. Trees grow to sixty meters. Mustard wide conical. Periderma dense, light gray color with oblong cracks. The needles of the monochrome fir is the largest among other types, its length is about six centimeters.

Cooking china-green matte from all sides, they are soft and have a pleasant lemon fragrance. The bumps of a dark lilac color, their length reaches 12 cm, the form oval-cylindrical. One-color fir is a fast-growing tree, worn to winds, smoke, droughts and frosts. Lives about 350 years.Single-colored fir has several decorative forms, among them are popular varieties such as Violasa and Compact.

Violatsa is a lilap one-color fir. The woods are wide, cone, height does not exceed eight meters. Needles are oblong, white-blue. This form of fir is rare in decorative plantations.

Campakta is a dwarf, slow shrub with chaotic branches. The needle length reaches forty centimeters, color blue. Just like Violaze, it can be found very rarely.

Fir Kefallinskaya (Greek)

The Kefallin Fir lives in the south of Albania and in Greece, in the mountains at an altitude of up to two thousand meters above sea level. In height, the plant grows up to 35 meters, the diameter of the trunk reaches two meters. Makushka thick, taper, low. Periderma over time becomes cracked. Young bare, to the touch as a polished, glossy, bright brown or red-brown color. The kidneys are cone-shaped, resyless red-purple color.

Needles up to 3.5 cm long and width of no more than three millimeters. The tops are sharp, the needles are shiny and thick, dark green at the top and pale green below. Spiral-shaped needles are located close to each other. The bumps are narrow, cylindropod-like, smiling, large. First, the bumps of the purple color, and as the aging becomes brown-purple. Greek fir drought resistant, grows slowly, afraid of cold winters.

Fish solvent (black manchurskaya)

Motherland of solid fir - south of Primorye, North China and Korea. The tree grows up to 45 meters. Makushka thick, wide-grained, loose, lowered to the ground. A distinctive feature of this type of fir is color of the bark - first it is dark gray, and then black. Young seedlings periderman yellow-gray color. Needles are dense, hard, sharp, solid. The top of the needles of a dark green color is brilliant, and the bottom is lighter.

The needles are located on the branches of the waves. Black Manchu Fir changes chevy once in nine years. Cylindrical shapes, light-brown color, smiling, velvety-pubescent. The first ten years of life grows slowly, and then the increase is rapidly increasing.Tree life duration - 400 years. The tree is winter-hardy, shadowfully, wind resistant, requires high humidity of soil and the environment.

Nordmanne Fir (Caucasian)

Motherland of Caucasian Fir - West Caucasus and Turkey. Nordmann's fir grows up to 60 meters in height, the diameter of the trunk is up to two meters. Makushka narrow cone-shaped, thick branching. Young plantings have a brilliant light-brown or yellow color of the periderma, which over time heers. Young brilliant red-brown, and then white gray color.

The needles are dark green, dense, the bottoms are silver. It is rare to meet, since the tree has a low winter hardiness. There are several grades of fir for decorative cultivation: Pendula Aurea, Gtauka, Albo-spikes.

Did you know? Life expectancy Fir Nordmanna is five hundred years.

Fir Sakhalin native from Sakhalin and Japan. The plant is highly resistant, up to thirty meters high, has a smooth periderm of a dark steel color, which as it becomes darker. The diameter of the seedling does not exceed one meter. Breaks of a bicycle thick crown a little curved up.

Soft needles, dark green, with dairy strips from below. The length of the chewing reaches four centimeters, the width is no more than two millimeters. The bumps are placed vertically, cylindrical shape. Brown cones color or black and blue, length 8 cm, diameter 3 cm. The plant is frost-resistant, requires the content of high moisture in the air and soil.

Pihta subalpian (mountain)

Mountain fir comes from the high mountains of North America. The height does not exceed 40 meters, the barrel with a diameter of 60 cm. Macushus trees are low, narrow monoconic. Subalpian fir has a smooth, covered with small cracks periderm of gray color. The top of the needles matte herbalist-blue, and the bottom has two white stripes. The needles is fastened in two rows. Subalpian fir has a cylindrical cone, ripening occurs annually at the end of August. There are types of mountain fir, suitable for decorative cultivation.

Argentaea is a mountain fir with a bay of silver color. Glauca - subalpine fir tall up to 12 meters high, with pyramido-shaped paint and oblong steel or blue needles. Compact - fir dwarf form no more than one and a half meters in height with a wide, well-branched top. Shaggy silver-heavenly color, with gray stripes below. The needle shape is similar to the sickle, the length is 3 cm. The needles are tight. The lowest varieties are widespread among amateur gardeners.

Important! Young fir seedlings for the winter are necessarily covered, as they are afraid of spring frosts.

It grows in mountain ranges from a hundred to 1850 meters above sea level in the south of the Korean Peninsula and Chechzhudo Island. Opened this type of fir in 1907. A seedman does not grow above 15 meters. Young is first yellow, and then red color, covered with thin villings. Needles are short, at the top shiny dark green color, white white. The bumps of a beautiful bright blue with a lilac color tide. Grows slowly, winter-hardy.

Are widespread such varieties like Blue Standard - high trees with bumps of dark lilac color; Brevifolia - a tree with a rounded top paint, swamp-green above and gray-white bottom needles, small lilacces; Zilberceverg - low, slow-growing fir grade with silver color needles, rounded top and short, thick branching branches; Piccolo - a shrub tall of about thirty centimeters, reaches in diameter to one and a half meters with a flat spreading painter, the needles of a dark herbaceous color.

Fir high (noble)

Fir high reaches a height of 100 meters. The birthplace of noble fir is the western part of North America. The agricultural area is the valleys of rivers and gentle slopes near the ocean. It is almost very high view Fir. It has a cone-shaped macushkin, when young seedlings, and with the age of seedlings, the Makushka will become a dome-shaped. The young man has a gray-brown smooth periderma, and the older seedlings are a dark brown, covered by the oblong cracks of the periderma.

Young branches of an olive green or red-brown shade, in a cannon. Older threshold branches. Needles are small, curved at the base. The top of the needles brilliantly green, and the bottom is gray. The shape of cones is oblong-cylindrical, length up to 12 cm, diameter 4 cm. Not matured cones of emerald or red-brown color, and dotted dark brown-gray smiling. The duration of the life of noble fir is about 250 years. Grows a seedling quickly.

Did you know? Periderma, needles and kidneys Fir uses for the manufacture of therapeutic drugs. They contain essential oils and tanning substances.

Motherland Fir - Central Japan, Habitat Area - Mountains. Height of about forty meters. The branches of the plant are short, are located perpendicular to the trunk, pyramido bread. The trunk is covered with a smooth periderm of white-gray color. The young is covered with a pubescent gray or emerald color.

The needles are soft, slightly bent, not more than 2.5 cm. The top of the needles is shiny dark green, the bottom is decorated with milk stripes. The length of the cones is about 7 cm. The unripe bumps of the red-sizo-purple color over time are engaged in chestnut color. The plant is winter-hardy, fast-growing, resistant to smoke.

The birthplace of this type of fir - North America. Tree height -25 meters, pyramido-shaped crown or conical. A young fir trunk is covered with a periderm gray, and the old barrel - red color, yellow-gray branches. Kuts needles, shiny dark green top and silver lower. Shorts are short decorative, in a mature state of purple-brown color.

The plant is winter-hardy, but poorly tolerate air bases. Firphrace fir is used for greening parks, forest parks and country sites. There is a shrub with perpendicular placement of branches - the phrase fir fir.

The Motherland of Siberian Fir - Siberia. In landscaping it is rare. Plant height does not exceed thirty meters. Makushka narrow, cone-shaped. Thin branches, lowered to the ground. Pereiderma at the bottom of the trunk fused, at the top of the unhewed, dark gray. The shoots are covered with a thick loss. The needles are soft, narrow and stupid at the end, length of up to three centimeters.

The color of the needles dark green shiny above and two parallel dairy strips down. Siberian fir changes chevy once in 11 years.The cones are reprehensive, cylindrical, originally light-chestnuts or light purple, and then light brown color. Plant winter-hardy, shadowish. There is a Siberian blue, white, motley. They differ only by color of the needles.

Important! The fir cannot be planted in an absolute shadow, since its painting is formed fully only with sufficient lighting.

White Fir (European)

White fir is a plant that grows up to 65 meters with a barrel diameter to one and a half meters. Mciushi cone plant. Periderman white-gray with a red tint of color. The young european fir fir either light-chestnut color, over time become gray-chestnut. The needles are dark green, bottom is silver. Motherland of European fir are countries of Central and Southern Europe. The tree grows slowly, does not like windy locality.

Fir Mayra

Native plant from Japan. Outward Ficht Mayra is similar to Sakhalin. Height varies from 25 to 35 meters. Tree macushkin stupid conical. Periderma with age from unsherved gray turns into rough with transverse stroke rings. Needles are small and narrow, have an emerald color. The cones are located vertically groups, a red-brown color. Major's Fir Fish is the southwest of Hokkaido Island. Firming winter-hardy, shadowed, grown in parks and forest parks.

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