Russia is the world's largest state. This status predetermines the specifics of its political organization. Thus, the highest authorities decided to organize the Office of the country through the establishment of federal districts. The corresponding model of the political device to some extent is unique in terms of global practice. How many federal districts in Russia? What are their list?

What is the Federal District?

The Federal District is an administrative-political unit provided for by the system of the state system of Russia. The territory of the Russian Federation is divided into subjects of the federation. Those, in turn, in a number of geographical, ethno-cultural, social and political signs are combined into the district. Plenipotentiary representatives of the President of Russia are guided by appropriate administrative-political units.

List of federal districts

How many federal districts in Russia? Now they are 9. Among those:

• Central;
• Northwestern;
• Volga;
• Ural;
• Siberian;
• Far Eastern;
• Southern;
• North Caucasian;
• Crimean.

It is worth noting that the North Caucasus District appeared only in 2010. Crimean - in 2014 How many federal districts in Russia, we now know. Consider now more by their key characteristics.

Characteristics of federal districts: Central FO

Let's start with the Central FD. Plenipotentiary representation is the highest executive body of the administrative and territorial unit under consideration, is in Moscow. Among the most important economic characteristics of the Central FD - the presence of large volumes of natural resources, especially iron ores, phosphorites, bauxite, cement raw materials. Another important feature, which is distinguished by the Central Federal District, is Russia here has key financial centers. The main ones, of course, are in Moscow.

In the Central Federal District, a high-tech industry is developed, including in the engineering segment. An important role in the structure of the economy of the Central Federal District plays the chemical industry - especially in such segments as the release of mineral fertilizers and organic synthesis products. Here are produced resin, plastics, tires, dyes. Printing and confectionery segment are also sufficiently developed.

The administrative political structure of the Central Federal District of the Central Federal District is represented by areas: Belgorod, Bryansk, Vladimir, Voronezh, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Kostroma, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Orlovskaya.

Northwest FO

The federal districts of Russia enter the northwest. Plenipotentiary representation of the SFR is located in St. Petersburg. In the economic aspect, the North-West FD can be attributed to the most developed in Russia. Here are developed both processing and commodity industries. The North-West FD is also characterized by a high degree of development of transport infrastructure. How many federal districts in Russia with a comparable level of road development? It is difficult to say, since the SFR's experience in this sense is completely unique.

One of the factors stimulating the growth of the SPFO economy is the neighborhood with the European states - Finland, the countries of the Baltic States, Poland (if we talk about the Kaliningrad region). The North-West FD is characterized by a huge personnel potential. In universities of St. Petersburg and other cities, specialists of the most different profile are trained, and they all receive the highest qualifications. There are also significant amounts of natural resources in the NWFO.

In the structure of the North-West FO there are areas: Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Kaliningrad, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, Pskovskaya. There are members of the NWP and the Republic: Karelia, Komi.

Southern Fo

The list of federal districts of Russia includes the Southern FD. Its specificity is in a unique, largely not characteristic of the rest of Russia, the warmth of Russia. Southern Federal District of Russia - National Health. In the region there are completely unique thermal springs, mountain rods and artesian wells. There are largest tungsten, non-ferrous metals, coal.

After the North Caucasus FD was allocated from the composition of the Southern Federal District in 2010, in the structure of the region there are areas: Astrakhan, Volgograd. As part of SFO there are republics: Adygea, Kalmykia. The structure of the South FD is a Krasnodar region. The region is considered as one of the most promising in terms of investment in tourism.

Volga Fo

The relatively small area is about 7.27% of the total territory, which Russia has the Volga Federal District plays a crucial economic and political role in the development of the country. Thus, the share of industry in the economic system of the region is about 23.9%. This is one of the highest rates among all federal districts of the Russian Federation.

The Volga FD industry is represented by mechanical engineering, fuel and energy complex, agriculture, chemical and light industry. In the administrative and political structure of the Volga Federal District, there are many republics: Udmurt, Chuvash, Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Mari El, Mordovia. As part of the PFO there are three areas: Kirovskaya, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg.

Ural Fo

How many federal districts in Russia are located in the European part? At the moment - 7. Among those - Ural FD. Plenipotentiary Representation of UFO is located in Yekaterinburg. The region under consideration is characterized by unique geography. It is located on the border between Europe and Asia, has significant natural resources and climate.

Leading branches of the region's economy - oil production, gas, as well as the mining industry. There are significant reserves of iron, non-ferrous and noble metals. The Ural FD is characterized by many experts as one of the self-sufficient resources in the aspect of the resources and the necessary technologies.

In the structure of the UFO there are areas: Kurgan, Sverdlovskaya, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk. Also, the Ural Fo includes the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District.

Siberian FO

How many federal districts in Russia, what are located in Asia? Their 2. Among those are the Siberian FD.

Siberia is a huge Russian region, which is one of the key in the aspect of transport communications. It is clear: it is through the Siberian roads that cargo turnover is carried out between the European and Asian Russia. Local highways also play major international importance. Siberia is one of the most economically developed and promising regions of Russia. There are reserves of almost all necessary resources for the economy.

In the structure of the Siberian FO there are republics: Buryatia, Altai, Tyva, Khakassia. As part of the SFO there are areas: Irkutskaya, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk. In the structure of the SFO there are edges: Altai, Krasnoyarsk.

Far Eastern FD

Another Federal District of the Russian Federation, which is located in Asia - Far Eastern. By area, it is the largest, takes about 36% of the state. It is characterized by enormous potential in the aspect of economic development. There is significant amounts of natural resources, in particular reserves of coal, oil, gas, metals.

The Far Eastern FD includes areas: Amur, Kamchatka, Magadan. In the structure of DFO there is edges: Primorsky, Khabarovsky. The Far Eastern FD includes the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

North Caucasian FO

The North Caucasus FD was formed on January 19, 2010 by allocating from the structure of the South FD. It is characterized by a small area - about 1% of the territory of the state. In the South FD, the subjects of the Russian Federation are combined, characterized by significant cultural and socio-economic intimacy.

The staff includes republics: Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia - Alanya, Chechnya. The Stavropol Territory is present in the North Caucasian FD structure. The city of Pyatigorsk is the center of SCFE. The residence of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation on SCFO is located in Essentuki.

Crimean FD

In March 2014, Russia entered the Crimea. Soon after, the Crimean Federal District was formed. There are 2 subjects in its structure. Such are, in fact, the Republic of Crimea, as well as Sevastopol, which has the status of the city of the federal value of the Russian Federation, as well as Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Crimea is one of the most important cultural, historical and tourist centers of Russia. This region is characterized by significant potential not only in the sphere of tourism, but also in the aspect of the development of industry, agriculture and other industries. At the level of federal legislation of the Russian Federation, tax preferences have been established regarding businesses that lead activities in the Crimea. Programs aimed at stimulating the intensive economic development of the region are adopted.

Over the past twenty-five years, our country has experienced a lot of shocks that have been directly affected by its future. The first of them is the collapse of the USSR, which meant the entire system of government, then the formation of a new country - the Russian Federation.

Administrative problem

Russia has always been a huge territorial education, the effective management of which presents certain difficulties. The Russian Empire held at the expense of the autocratic power of the emperor, which with the device of the bureaucracy controlled even the smallest processes, quite frequent regions management reforms are associated with a huge scale of the country. The first time this happened in the board of Peter the Great, which divided the entire territory of the country on the province headed by the governors, while the heads of the regions were also accountable to special college, so the king was trying to introduce a three-particle management system. However, some areas were equal to some European countries on the territory, therefore, it was additionally separated into a greater number of provinces. In general, the reform in a certain extent has ordered control, and the center has been able to more operational control over remote regions. However, there was still no clear coented.

Historical experience

Fixing the situation, the Empress conducts a new reform. In 1775, a decree was followed by the division of Russia for 51 provisions, which, in turn, were divided into the counties. Heading, as before, was the governor, and now significant changes were made. For control, the post of general governor is introduced, which, under its beginning, united several areas, from 1775 to 1917, 20 governors were created and a special administrative-territorial unit - Caucasian governance. As we see, such a system is very similar to the federal districts of Rossi, the composition of which has also changed repeatedly. The government of Catherine II made it in order to strengthen the supervision of local authorities, to control the actions of the governors and reduce the likelihood of popular speeches and discontent. Indeed, it made it possible to largely improve the efficiency of the administrative bureaucratic apparatus.

The 1917 Revolution made its own adjustments to the Country Management. The Bolsheviks were initially given in the outskirts and remote territories significant power. What subsequently led to the overthrow of Soviet power in some regions. Realizing your mistake, SNK quickly began to change tactics and strategy of the management device. When forming the USSR, the federal principles of the organization of the state were announced, but in fact, the party officials were controlled by the whole power, and if they make an analogy with the Russian Empire, it becomes clear that the essence did not change. And only the name has changed. Thus, instead of the governors and other regional administrators, the party secretaries were introduced, which supported the iron discipline in the Verkhnachi entrusted to them. The degree of centralization in the Soviet period reached its apogee and in its level was much higher than imperial.

How many federal districts in Russia?

The collapse of the USSR and the subsequent "parade of sovereignty" set the Russian Federation almost on the edge of the decay. Many parts of the state introduced their legislation, which was contrary to the federal, the controllability of regions from the capital was almost zero. In this situation, President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin decided to revive interregional control with a clear and rigid cogination scheme. In May 2000, the Decree of the President "On Federal Districts" was followed. In total, 7 units were created. That's how many federal districts in Russia were originally. The boundaries were taken by analogy with the division of the Offices of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation. A clear three-level administrative control system begins to line up. The number of federal districts in Russia changed not once, it was connected with political events, and with geographical convenience. These changes are represented by a wide range of federal laws. The appointment of the head of state is appointed to position in the Federal District.

Political causes of changes and regulatory framework

And how many federal districts in Russia at the moment, given the last transformation (in particular, the North Caucasian FD was allocated from the composition)? In March 2014, in connection with political events in Ukraine and the referendum, another FD was formed in Crimea. Thus, it can be said that in total there are 9 federal districts, responding to the question of how many federal districts in Russia. The creation of such a system of power made it possible to strengthen the control of the federal center over the regions, without violating the basic principles of the asymmetric federation, the Russian Federation is under the Constitution. The legislative framework of the subjects of Russia was in full compliance with the federal law. The federal districts of Russia on the country's map are highlighted in various colors, which allows you to quickly deal with which district, and which regions are included in this administrative-territorial unit.

The final picture of the administrative and territorial device of the Russian Federation

We have already figured out the number of FDs, and now we will understand which federal districts in Russia exist. And this is what it looks like:

• Central FD (Moscow).
• Northwest FO (St. Petersburg).
• Southern FD (Rostov-on-Don).
• North Caucasian FO (Pyatigorsk).
• Far Eastern FD (Khabarovsk).
• Siberian FO (Novosibirsk).
• Ural FD (Yekaterinburg).
• Volga FD (Nizhny Novgorod).
• Crimean FD (Simferopol).

All these divisions are subject to the authorized representative who, in turn, is directly subordinated to the President of the Russian Federation. The scope of its competence includes supervisory and control functions, for which the device was created, consisting of different districts from the number of controls. Today we can say that the federal districts of Russia (the composition of these units) comply with the requirements of the claims.

Federal District of Russia - This is the economic area of \u200b\u200bthe highest link, which is a large territorial - production complex, which combines the branches of market specialization with industries that complement the territorial complex and infrastructure.

Federal Distances of Russia (Russian Federation) were created in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin No. 849 "On the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District" of May 13, 2000.
In accordance with this decree, all subjects of the Russian Federation (regions of Russia) are combined into eight federal districts: North-West Federal District, Central Federal District, Volga Federal District, Southern Federal District, North Caucasus Federal District, Ural Federal District, Siberian Federal District , Far Eastern Federal District. Each of the eight existing federal districts has an administrative center.
In accordance with the Federal Law "On General Principles of Local Self-Government Organization in the Russian Federation" No. 131-FZ from 06.10.2003 No. 131-FZ Regions of Russia include city districts and municipal regions.

The municipal district is a combination of several urban or rural settlements or settlements and interior areas, united by a common territory.

The urban district is an urban settlement that is not part of the municipal district.

Russian Federation (Russia) - The world's largest state. The year of the foundation of Russia is considered to be 862 years (the beginning of Russian statehood). The Square of the Russian Federation is 17.1 million km2, and divided into 83 subjects of the Federation in eight federal districts, including 46 regions, 21 republics, 9 edges, 1 autonomous region, 4 autonomous districts and 2 cities of federal significance.

Federal Distances of Russia: Central Federal District, North Caucasus Federal District, North-West Federal District, Ural Federal District, Southern Federal District, Siberian Federal District, Volga Federal District, Far Eastern Federal District.

Central Federal District in Russia.

Central Federal District. Administrative Center of the Federal District - the city of Moscow.

Central Federal District (CFO) - formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 "On the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District". The territory of the district is 650.3 thousand square meters. km. (3.8%) of Russia and ranks first in Russia in terms of population. The CFO is located in the central part of the East European Plain, its administrative center is the city of Moscow.
The Central Federal District consists of 18 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

North-West Federal District in Russia.

Northwest Federal District. Area 1,677,900 sq. Km The administrative center of the district is St. Petersburg.

Northwest Federal District (NWFO) - formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 "On the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District". The North-West District is located in the north and northwest of the European part of the non-sinnamine zone of the Russian Federation. The center of the North-West Federal District is the city of St. Petersburg.
The North-West Federal District consists of 11 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Southern Federal District in Russia.

Southern Federal District. The administrative center of the district is the city of Rostov-on-Don.

Southern Federal District (SMFO) - Educated by Decree of the President of Russia RF V.V. Putin dated May 13, 2000 No. 849, the composition of the SFO was changed on January 19, 2010 in accordance with the decree of the President of Russia D.A. Medvedev № 82 "On Amendments to the List of Federal Districts, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849, and to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 12, 2008 No. 724" Questions of the system and the structure of federal executive authorities " .
Since the formation of May 13, 2000, the district was called North Caucasian, decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1149 dated June 21, 2000 - was renamed "South".
The Southern Federal District is located in the southern part of the European part of Russia, in the lower course of the Volga River. The center of the South Federal District is the city of Rostov-on-Don.
The Southern Federal District consists of 13 constituent entities of the Russian Federation

By decree of the President of Russia V. V. Putin dated July 28, 2016 No. 375, the Crimean Federal District was abolished, and the subjects of the Republic of Crimea and the city of the federal significance Sevastopol were included in the Southern Federal District.

Volga Federal District in Russia.

Volga Federal District. The administrative center of the district is the city of Nizhny Novgorod.

Volga Federal District (PFO) - formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin No. 849 "On the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District". The Volga Federal District is central and eastern part of the European part of Russia. The center of the Volga Federal District is the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
The Volga Federal District consists of 14 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Ural Federal District in Russia.

Ural federal district. The administrative center of the district is the city of Yekaterinburg.

Ural Federal District (URFO) - formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 "On the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District". The center of the Ural Federal District is the city of Yekaterinburg.
The Ural Federal District consists of 6 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.