It's no secret that water that comes to our apartment from the central water supply is unsuitable for drinking. Even such home operations like washing dishes or laundry linen require a certain level of water quality. The qualitative improvement of water indicators from the crane is possible only when using filters for cleaning tap water. There is a huge selection of filtering systems, from the most inexpensive to the most productive, bringing water indicators to almost perfect. In this article, we will tell you how to choose a water filter, we will tell about existing varieties and rules of operation.

From this article you will learn:

What are the features of the tap filter of rough cleaning

What features of the plumbing filter thin cleaning

What features of the main water filter

Broast Cleaning Water Filter: Types and Service

Any owner own housenot connected to the central water supply system, does not even have questions about the need to install the filter on water pipe. Water from a well or well should pass a cycle of purification from impurities of dirt, sand, malicious microorganisms, etc. This situation does not even require discussion. Filter for tap water - required attribute In a private residential sector. But apartment owners are not so categorical in their beliefs, and many of them have doubts about the need to install a water filter.

Of course, the central water purification system assumes the presence of mechanical filters, delaying solid particles, and chemical treatment, neutralizing the effect on the water of pathogenic microorganisms. But water, passing through the entire water supply system, absorbs rust, mineral sediments and fungal formations from the inner walls of the pipeline. In this form, this liquid falls into our apartment. In order for the water quality rises to the drinking level, the installation of a multistage cleaning system is necessary.

The absence, for example, a coarse purge filter will lead to the need to quickly replace seals on all plumbing fittings. Coarse filter is required for the normal mode of operation of household appliances connected to water. Without its presence in the home water pipe system, the mixers will quickly fail, clogging with mud and garbage.

A coarse filter is equipped with a metal mesh with small cells, which are delaying all solid impurities. Next, water can enter a fine cleaning filter or go directly to the mixer.

Filters for tap water in the apartment work according to a similar principle, but may differ in the material of manufacture, form, the method of the insertion into the pipe, the type of filtering element and the method for removing the accumulated residues.

One of the most popular types of water filters for coarse cleaning. As a filter element, there is a microcular grid of stainless steel. The size of the cells can fluctuate depending on the model within 50-400 μm. It is distinguished by a long service life and does not require replacement of consumables (they simply are not in this type of filters). The models differ from each other only by the insertion in the pipe, the purification method and the location of the filter elements relative to each other.

Here, distinction only in the method of the insertion in the plumbing pipe. If the diameter of the plumbing pipe is or more than two inches, the flange filter type is installed. Due to the large diameter, such filters are put on the highways of the water pipeline and in the union nodes of the multi-way houses.

Flanges are mounted on bolts or studs, which greatly facilitates their disassembly without the need to disassemble other elements of the water supply system. The presence of such flanges should be made to the project at home at the very beginning of construction.

The apartments use water filters with coarse cleaning with threaded connections. This filter is mounted directly on the plumbing pipe or it is knocked with it "American women" (Caid quick-disconnect nuts).

A coarse purge filter consists of two pipes (at the inlet and outlet) and a tank (sump), in which the water is filtered off. The direction of the reservoir relative to the axis of the plumbing pipe shares filters into two categories: with oblique and direct location.

The reservoir of water filters with a direct location "looks" down (perpendicular to the flow of water). The size of the reservoir affects the speed of water flow (than it is greater, the lower speed). Heavy particles remain at the bottom of the sump, and the water is sent further to the grid with microchlets that delay smaller impurities.

It is easy to determine the filter on the tank with oblique layout of the tank. This embodiment is preferable in conditions of the minimum distance between the tap pipes or between the pipe and the wall. At the end of its tank, a plug or flange cover is screwed.

Mud with flushing system

The filtering element cleaning method shares such filters into two categories: raw and filters with washing system. Kospey filters, as, however, and some direct, refer to unscrewing filters. Cleaning such filters is conjugate with the laying of the housing by unscrewing the cork or cover.

Cleaning systems in filters with a direct arrangement of the tank have a sloping crane for draining the precipitate from impurities.

The apartments often use the flask type of filters with a plastic case outside and filtering element (replaceable cartridge) inside. Such flasks in the filter can be somewhat, depending on the degree and level of filtering.

The cartridge can be made of polyester, in the form of twisted threads or compressed fibers. The degree of filtering of each cartridge is determined in microns. For example, in tap filters of coarse cleaning, this indicator is 20-30 microns.

In most cases, the cartridges of the flask filters are not serviced, but change as clogged to new ones. The default flask filter should become the second stage of water purification after the coarse filter.

Installation and maintenance

Installation and further operation of the filter of water household has its own characteristics that you should not forget about.

A coarse filter is preferably installed at the inlet of water in the apartment, in front of the meters. Due to the limited space, filters with an oblique arrangement of the tank are usually mounted. In any case, such a filter will be able to protect the meter and other elements of the system from fast clogging and failure.

For proper operation of the filter, it is mounted horizontally, directing the tank down, which will simplify the cleaning procedure. The arrow on the body of the product will indicate the correct direction for mounting the filter. In some cases, oblique water filters are installed and vertically, while the direction of water movement should go from top to bottom.

The filters with a direct location of the flask are mounted exclusively on the horizontal sections of the water supply. Installation should take into account the possibility of unimpeded filter maintenance.

For filters having a straight wash system, there is the ability to equipment with a reverse wash system. This is done by adding a waterproof loop with cranes to the water supply system with the possibility of switching the direction of water flow from direct to the counter.

In any filter periodically you need to get a filter element for replacement or cleaning. This is especially true of filters that do not have a flushing system. Such a procedure involves blocking water supply (close the inlet cranes), thus dropping the pressure in the system.

Filters with oblique connections have a removable nut has a hex slot for easy unscrewing with a common wrench.

Tip: To simplify the dismantling and preserving the tightness of the cork fastening, you need to change the complete gasket from the paronite to the pacular winding.

The filters with vertical placement of the flask are provided with a dismantling of the filter element using a curly key (usually included in the filter kit) or standard wrench keys. When replacing the filter element, you must pay attention to the state of gaskets and seals.

Spit filter on the tap pipe is disassembled by preparing the container to drain the dirt in advance. At the same time, the filter element (grid) is thoroughly cleaned, flushing it with water or air from the compressor. As needed, the grid changes to a new one.

In plumbing filters with a direct arrangement of the tank, the flask is twisted and the accumulated precipitate is poured. The cartridge is changed as clogged.

Filters equipped with a flushing system do not require disassembly. To clean such a water supply system from dirt, it is sufficient to regularly wash with water under pressure, opening a special crane.

Plumbing filter fine cleaning

Coarse filters perfectly copble with their task, but the presence of mechanical impurities is far from the only problem. Tap water contains, in various forms, compounds of mineral salts and organic organics. In most cases, the quality of such water does not correspond to drinking standards.

Modern filters for cleaning tap water can change the composition of the water to a state that does not require compulsory boiling.

Sorption filters for cleaning

The sorption type cleaners are capable of detaining rust microparticles, sand, clay and other impurities of 20-40 μm. Typically have a long service life and high throughput per unit of time. Some of these cleaners may disinfect tap water with silver, fluorine or iodine.

As a sorbent, the activated carbon is most often acting (in granules), sometimes aluminosilicates. The property of activated carbon absorb such substances such as pesticides, salts of heavy metals, excess calcium, chlorine and radioactive compounds make this absorbent by one of the most universal. Aluminosilicates absorb the salts of heavy metals, malicious microorganisms, normalize the pH-water level.

The scope of the use of sorption type water filters is very extensive, ranging from household devices (pitched type and stationary) and ending with high-performance systems mounted on trunk tap pipes. Their reduction occurs due to the reverse direction of the flow of water.

The case of ion exchange cleaners produce from plastic or stainless steel. Inside - the reservoir for the salt solution and the ion exchange material. The tap water is passed through several filter elements, leaving the ions of heavy metals salts.

Productivity of such cleaners depends on a number of indicators:

chemical composition of tap water;

filter element;

ambient temperature.

One of the main mines of such cleaning systems are:

small resource of the filter element;

the need to dispose of consumables;

non-easy maintenance procedure (required regenerating tanks).

Water water in such filters is skipped through the membrane with cells of up to three microns. This cell size allows for the next filter compartment only water molecules. All malicious microorganisms and chemical compounds of any forms remain on the membrane. This type of cleaners has a fairly large resource of the main filtering element (membrane).

Pump under pressure supplies tap water to the membrane through the inlet nozzle. At the exit, the water is divided into two tanks. In the first - permeate (water with the highest possible purification), and in the second (drain collector) - a solution with filtered membrane impurities.

The filtering level can be determined by the size of the cells (micropores) of the membrane:

no more than 1 μm - the level of microfiltration;

no more than 0.1 μm - the level of ultrafiltration;

no more than 0.01 μm - filtering at nano-level;

up to 0.001 μm - reverse osmotable.

Molecular purification of reverse osmosis systems allows removed from the tap water the entire micrrobel, including pathogenic bacteria, compounds of heavy metals. Water at the outlet of such a filter has a minimal degree of mineralization (about 20% of the initial). In some cases, weak-mineralized water is necessary, but it is also a minus of such filtering systems.

Service filters

For each type of filter installed on the tap pipe, there are their maintenance rules:

A sedimentary type requires a regular flushing of a metal grid (filtering element). The procedure involves reset the water pressure by overlapping the cranes at the inlet of the water supply in the apartment. The frequency of testing of the reservoir depends on the degree of contamination of the incoming water.

Disk type filters are removed from the water supply system, unscrew the housing and wash all filter elements (discs). If necessary (high degree of contamination), the brush is used for cleaning.

Polypropylene cartridge-type cleaners after the end of the resource is changed to new ones. Most of the manufacturers of filter elements put on them the bandwidth of the cleaner measured in liters. But when calculating the life of the filter element, it is necessary to take into account the initial water quality. The service life of the cartridge can be measured in several months, but in the event of a sharp deterioration in the quality of the water, the filter is instantly clogged.

Reverse osmosis cleaning systems have different types Fillers, from which the term of their replacement largely depends. Pre-cleaning cartridges change approximately once every six months, the coal filter (at the system output) change once a year, and the membrane itself can serve from two to two and a half years. Before replacing the cartridges, you should remember the order of their location for the correct installation. After replacing one or all filtering elements, the water from the accumulative tank can be used, having undermined several liters of water in the water.

If the filter did not use the filter (three or more than a month), then the water should be displaced. In the case of a large accumulation of microorganisms on a water filter of pre-purification to water, ultraviolet affect.

Types and purpose

Pottery of tap water.Water incoming to us in the taps from the central water supply is often treated only by the method of chlorination. It is known that chlorine cannot remove all bacteria in water, salts of heavy metals and carcinogenic substances.

Increase the taste properties of water. The taste sensations are affected by various substances contained in tap water, such as chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, ferrous compounds. The use of a trunk cleaner allows you to improve not only the taste of the water itself, but also the food prepared on it.

Reducing water rigidity. The quality of tap water is also affected by such a parameter as rigidity. High values \u200b\u200bof this indicator lead to a negative impact on the human skin and hair cover. With constant use of such water, skin rashes may appear, the hair structure will break.

Increased service life of household appliances. Additional water purification from the central water supply allows you to get rid of solid suspended impurities in water, including rust, which significantly reduce the operation of plumbing and household appliances in contact with water.

The main water filters have its own classification according to the degree of filtering. They can be:

Rude (primary) cleaning. As a filtering element, a grid with small cells is installed in them, delaying solid impurities contained in water. It needs to be cleaned as it is contaminated to preserve the throughput of the highway. In more advanced types of trunk filters, set a multi-stage cleaning system consisting of several meshes. Each subsequent grid has a smaller cell size. Thus, the water is cleared to the level of quite sufficient for technical needs.

Thin cleaning. The design of such a cleaning system is as follows: the input grid filter is placed in front of the flask cartridge capable of absorbing the smallest particles in size from 1 to 20 microns. The well-established standard for such cartridges is the delay of impurities up to 5 microns.

As a rule, the main filters are installed in a pair with other filtering devices, for example, with water softener. It makes water suitable for cooking and prolongs the life of household appliances. The softener can perform a magnetic (non-affected) filter, delaying mineral salts in the form of a precipitate. Fine cleaning filters are mounted exclusively after the coarse cleaning system, otherwise the mud residues quickly "score" such a filter, and it will be necessary to change it often.

There is also such a category of equipment as a system of cleaning with a grainy loading. In fact, this is a trunk filter with a full cleaning cycle. Such a system allows you to get rid of chemical and organic impurities, malicious microorganisms. By appearance - This is a large capacity with a bandwidth of 16 to 400 l / min. The installation of this type of the main filter on the tap pipe allows to significantly reduce the rigidity of water and carry out a full-fledged cleaning cycle. The only drawback of these systems is large dimensions.

How to choose a trunk filter

Don't forget that apartment houses Equipped with two highways of water supply (for cold and hot water). In private houses, where local heating system is provided, an additional filtering system is required. cold water.

Types of trunk filters designed for hot water are capable of withstanding high-temperature loads, but they can also be used for cold water. But reverse interchangeability is unacceptable!

For orientation, when choosing a trunk filter on a tap pipe, it is worth considering:

The magnitude of the loss of nominal pressure in the system. It can be from 0.1 to 0.6 bar, and in some cases more. A small water pressure may require the installation of the pump for a highway.

Filter bandwidth.

Planned water consumption(better more than less).

Filter Case Forms and Form Forms. Most manufacturers produce filters of the Slim Line and Big Blu series. One of the best water filters for apartments is the model 10 '' Big Blu. It has a blue housing with a diameter of 184 mm and a cartridge of 10 inches. Filters of this type are perfectly copble with the delay in chlorine compounds, heavy metals, organic salts, organically soften water. Systems of type SLIM Line have a smaller diameter - from 114 to 130 mm. Main filters with red or orange body (or stainless steel) are designed for hot water, blue or transparent filters - for cold.

Properties of the filter element. For each type of contamination, there are appropriate neutralizers.

Modern mesh coarse filters for a highway have a multi-layered design located in a steel pipe. They are able to delay particles up to 50 microns. Most preferred filter models with washing function. They are more productive and less troublesome in service. It is worth paying attention to the correspondence of the diameter of the tap pipe with the pipes on the filter.

The trunk filter is installed on the tap pipe, and the bypass and cutting taps are recommended on sectors with the supply and tension of water. For ease of maintenance, the cartridge must be placed in a convenient location.

Choosing a particular system of water filters, it is difficult to consider all the nuances. Therefore, we recommend contacting professionals. There are many companies in the Russian market that are engaged in the development of water purification systems. Alone, without the help of a professional, choose one or another type of water filter is quite difficult. And even more so you should not try to mount the water treatment system yourself, even if you have read several articles on the Internet and it seems to you that you have understood everything.

It is safer to contact the Filter Installation Company, which provides a full range of services - consultation of a specialist, analysis of water from a well or well, selection of suitable equipment, delivery and connecting system. In addition, it is important that the company provides the service of filters.

our company Biokit. It offers a wide selection of reverse osmosis systems, water filters and other equipment capable of returning water from under the tap its natural characteristics.

Specialists of our company are ready to help you:

connect the filtering system yourself;

deal with the process of selecting filters for water;

pick up replaceable materials;

eliminate malfunctions or solve problems with the involvement of installers;

find answers to your questions in the telephone mode.

Trust water purification systems from Biokit - Let your family be healthy!

Watering water almost never meets the requirements for purity - in one way or another, impurities appear, resulting in flavoring characteristics, smell and even transparency. It is clear that it is not worth drinking water directly from under the tap. You can solve the problem by installing a trunk filter to clean the water in the apartment. This device is mounted directly into the pipeline and allows you to clean the entire volume of passing water.

Main filters for cold water or hot are used for such needs:

1. Water purification. This is very important, because not everyone can live on a deep well, and drinking water enters the houses, most likely, from the nearest reservoir, river or lake. At the same time, urban cleaning stations are often not removed from water carcinogens, heavy metals, and only chlorinated, with a number of bacteria resistant to chlorine, can remain in the liquid.
2. Improving the taste quality of water. Chlorine, rusty metal, hydrogen sulfide - water can pour water with completely unexpected tastes. Naturally, it changes both food quality. And purified water allows you to prepare really delicious dishes.
3. Softening water to reduce its impact on the skin and hair. After all, polluted water spoils hair and skin, leads to the appearance of wrinkles, rashes, destruction of the hair structure. And purified water will not allow all these manifestations to form.
4. Preserving the performance of equipment and plumbing devices. If you do not remove solid particles and dirt, then on boilers, dishwashers and washing machinesThe electric kett appears scale.

Different types of devices and principles of their work

Main filters for water purification in the apartment and in vacation home Classified on:

The main filter for water purification is most often working in a complex with additional devices. So, in a set with a coarse filter, a softener is installed, which allows to normalize chemical composition Liquids and prevent scale formation in technique. As softeners, unhappy filters with permanent magnets can act, the action of which makes the salt dissolved in the water in the sediment without causing the sanitary room and other instruments.

AND only after the coarse cleaning system installed devices for fine cleaning - In this case, they will be less susceptible to pollution and cartridges will have to change less frequently.

Information about whether in a separate article of the site. In it, you will find a video example.

About the room read in another material. The elimination of basic faults is described.

You can also purchase equipment with grainy loading. It is a trunk filter for complex cleaning, allowing to eliminate chemical, and biological pollution. Externally, this is a big balloon, the performance of which is within 16-400 liters per minute. Such main filters for water in the apartment or in a private house At the same time are water softeners and deep cleaning filters. Of the minuses it is worth noting their large size.

Rules for choosing a suitable filter model

So, a trunk filter for water - how to choose for cleaning? Consider that in ordinary apartmentsusually passes two highways - with cold and with hot water . If we are talking about individual heating systems, then it requires fixtures for cleaning cold water.

Important: A trunk filter for hot water is made from materials resistant to long-term exposure to high temperatures. It can be applied on highways with cold water, but not vice versa.

To select trunk filters for cold water or hot, you need to consider:

Multi-layered mesh filters used and secured in metal pipe. With its help, water is purified from all large particles (sand or scale), the dimensions of which exceed 50 μm. It is better to choose a trunk filter for water with flushing - it is able to catch more pollution. When choosing a mesh filter you need clarify the diameter of the pipewhich will be fastened to be made, and already in accordance with this value, get the device.

As for cartridge devices, the mechanical water purification filter is a trunk design is a design of a flask, covers and a replaceable cartridge. They are able to catch any small particles - respectively, the thinner will the degree of filtering, it is more transparent and tastier to the water outlet.

Cartridge for trunk filters for water purification follows we regularly change and acquire depending on the needs:

1. Ba - to normalize the amount of iron.
2. BS - for softening water.
3. With activated carbon - for cleaning from chlorine.
4. With polyphosphate load - eliminates lime deposits, protects devices from scale.

Main filter is mounted directly into the plumbing line. On the plot of supplying and removing water from the filtering device, it is also advisable to install cut-off ball valves and bypass. Mounting the cartridge filter should be freely available.Since cartridges will have to regularly replace .. Eliminate the most typical faults.

A brief overview of filter manufacturers

Among the popular companies producing high-quality trunk filters should be noted Honeywell and Aquaphor, New Water and Geyser.

So, Aquaphor manufactures a wide range of cartridge trunk filters - for drinking water, for household appliances (for washing or dishwashers), for shower. You can select devices designed to operate with cold and hot water, eliminating chemical compounds or only insoluble impurities like sand or rust.

The German Honeywell brand offers unique quality devices designed for a tenfold operation of the operating pressure on the network. Here you can choose elements for coarse or fine cleaning, and the filtering element is a metal mesh concluded in the super-depth flask.

Products of the company New Water is characterized by accessibility and high quality. The assortment offers trunk filters with a separate crane, and the degree of cleaning can be adjusted by installing certain cartridges.

And Geyser filters are high-tech scientific developments, thanks to which filtering elements based on the ion exchange polymer were created.

Water quality both in a private house, and in the urban apartment leaves much to be desired. To clean it, experts recommend using several cleaning steps. The first stage of this procedure is performed by mounting the coarse filters, the task of which is to delay the mechanical elements in the water IL, sand, rust particles.

Features

Coarse filters are designed to delay large particles (solid and soft), thereby providing primary water purification. When used in individual water systems, such devices are delayed mainly or, sand, clay, falling from a well or wells. With centralized water supply, such contaminants do not fall into water, however, during the transportation of water according to obsolete pipes, rust particles are turned out. In this case, the chemical composition of water remains unchanged.

Coarse filters are also mounted before installing counters, washing and dishwasher, which reduces the risk of breakdowns due to low water quality and thereby extend the duration of the operation of the equipment.

Thus, among the basic functions of coarse filters, the following can be distinguished:

• elimination of pollutant particles due to which water consumption can be dangerous to health;
• protection of the plumbing system (pipes, gaskets, compounds and bends) from abrasive wear;
• preventing pipe clogging;
• protection of household appliances and water meters from damage and wear caused by the effects of polluting particles;
• elimination of foreign tastes and smells of water caused by foreign particles in it.

Such devices may have different execution, dimensions, water purification, but they all work according to one principle - create an obstacle to the passage of polluting particles and pass water.

Views

Depending on the features of the device, a coarse water filter can have one of several species.

Reticulate

The most accessible and simple, but nevertheless effective devices. Mounting points are a trunk cold and hot water supply in urban apartments, a point to the heating unit in private objects. In addition, mesh filters fixed directly to the crane. They are an excellent option for giving, because it is easy to mounted, and at the end of the season they can simply be removed and reinstalled on the crane in the urban apartment.

The mesh filter may have a different diameter of the bandwidters - from 20 to 500 μm. Cleansing ability due to a small size of the mesh cells. In addition, devices that are cleaned manually (mud), as well as analogues that have a self-luminous function and a system of removal of contaminated waters are distinguished.

The mud can be direct or oblique.The first is mounted on horizontal pipes of the pipe, the mud is directed down. Spit filter is suitable for installation both on horizontally and vertically directional pipes. Depending on the type of installation, mesh filters are coupling and flanged.

Modern products are equipped with pressure regulators, thanks to which the constant water pressure is retained. Useful "adding" is both a double pressure gauge installed before and after the mud. With an excessive difference between devices, the filter must be cleaned.

The advantage of mesh devices is their low cost and durability, strength, ease of installation, the ability to install on hot and cold water. This makes it possible to combine them with the meters and install before each household applianceconnected to the plumbing system. However, such models are delayed only large particles, and if we are talking about mud without self-cleaning system, it is necessary to clean it quite often.

Disk

The disk filter has special discs from high-strength plastic, which are characterized by the presence of the grooves of a certain depth. The principle of operation is based on the abilities of the disks shrink, thereby form a cylinder with grooves. The latter delay heavy suspension and pass water. Cleaning subtlety is 5-250 μm. For convenience, many manufacturers are painted discs in different colors depending on the size of the cells.

Due to high strength, increased productivity and resistance to high and low temperatures, they found wide use in industrial conditions.

Cartridges

They are an element of a multistage purification system, which is usually mounted autonomously or under the sink. Provide a higher degree of cleaning compared to mesh models, as particles are delayed with a size of 0.5-30 μm. They are suitable for delaying small garbage. Under the sink devices are established under the condition that the water flow is not distinguished by intensity. For stronger threads, autonomous analogues of greater power are required.

The principle of their action is based on the delaying of pollution when the cleansing compositions (granules), between which a small gap remains. A clay, Il and other similar impurities have the property to settle on surfaces with a decrease in the pressure of the water flow, which occurs when the fluid is passed through the filter layer.

Present a housing filled with filtering material. The housing can be steel or plastic. The first is withstanding high temperatures, differ greater strength and durability, but have a higher cost. It is usually mounted on the hot water lines, and more affordable plastic options are chosen for pipes with cold water.

However, the majority modern models Plastic cartridges are characterized by universality and are suitable for cleaning both cold and hot water. The advantage of such a case is its transparency, due to which the degree of contamination can be controlled.

Polyester protrudes as a filtering basis(Sometimes filtering nonwoven material) or insert from the grid. The latter is usually removed from the device, it can be washed and returned to the place. Polyester analogues are usually subject to replacement. Accurate information about the possibility of washing or need to replace usually indicates the filter manufacturer.

Pressure

The pressure regulator is equipped with a pressure regulator, since in such filters, water is supplied and cleaned under pressure. This becomes the cause of their cumbersome, however, it is the pressure devices that cope with the delay of different infractive contaminants, which gives a high degree of purification.

Depending on the diameter of the pipe and performance, household and industrial devices are distinguished, having the same principle of operation. Differences concern only dimensions. Different sizes of filtering cells, this, in turn, affects the degree of water purification.

Accessories

The filter device is quite simple. It is a grid concluded in the housing. The latter has an incoming and exit pipe. Below the nozzles is the so-called sump - a place where filtering is carried out. In this area, the speed of water movement decreases, so large particles (sand, rust, il) are settled in the housing. The rest of the water tends to the grid, where its cleansing also occurs.

The material for the manufacture of the grid is usually served steel, sometimes brass or bronze.In any case, this is a metal, well withstanding contacts with water, mechanical damage, pressure.

The casing (flask) of the filter is made of metal or plastic, as well as there are combined models. Steel products, or having a steel box, are suitable for hot water pipes, plastic are used to purify cold water.

Polypropylene is most often used as the filtering components of the cartridge device. It provides high-quality filtering, is characterized by chemical inertness, resistance to the effects of biological factors.

Polypropylene is wound from the cord, due to which large suspensions remain on the outside of the cartridge, And smaller settle on the twisted surface of the cord. They are enough for a fairly long term and even being filled with such a cartridge does not cause reducing water pressure in the pipes.

Polypropylene cartridges withstand the temperature in the range of 1-52c and are suitable for cleansing the cold and warm water. Hot liquid filtering is performed by devices having a cartridge from a special fiber-based fibers based on cotton material. The effect of exposure to the system can reach 93c.

Filter fibers may have additional coal sputtering, making it possible to clean the water and chlorine. Although this is usually the task of fine cleaning cartridges, which are set after the type of devices under consideration.

Famous manufacturers and reviews

Today in the market is presented a large number of Water purification filters. The most famous, who received the approval of buyers is the products of several brands.

• Honeywell. Compact devices that have several versions depending on the features of operation. For highways, devices are usually choosing devices from transparent plastic, for DHW pipes, similar models have a protective box of brass. The advantage of devices of this manufacturer is the lack of need to dismantle the entire system during repair or cleaning. The system cleansing is performed automatically. The collection of this brand presents mainly systems for production filtering, however, household filters are also available.
• Valtec.Products are made of steel and brass, which ensures their wear resistance, increased strength, durability. Self-cleaning system is capable of delaying particles not more than 100 microns. There are pressure gauges that simplify the process of controlling the system, as well as indicators to control the degree of contamination of filters. Can be installed on hot water pipes because it is withstanding to 115-150s.

Honeywell.

Valtec.

• Sapphire -P. Compact models (height below many analogs) represented by filters for cold and hot water with manual and automatic control. Have the function of self-cleaning and regeneration by means of back current. In automatic models, you can specify a period or amount of purified water, after which the process of self-cleaning is started. Have a special controller that runs automatic cleaning after a given period or after processing a certain amount of water. The required period or volume indicators are specified by prior programming by the user. Devices detain particles with dimensions up to 100 microns, suitable for domestic and industrial use.
• "Soyzintellect". Universal action filters, providing not only mechanical, but also sorption and antibacterial cleaning. In addition, in such filters, water saturation is oxygen. This, in turn, reduces water consumption (the amount of fluid decreases, but it does not affect the sensations of the user), improves its quality (water becomes more voluminous, is foaming, soap or cleaning agent is better soaping in such water).

The developed ruler is suitable even for pipes with increased water pressure and can be installed on the DHW highway, the devices are resistant to corrosion.

Soyzintellect

Sapphire -P.

• "Geyser".The "Typhoon" line has gained the greatest popularity. Produced in a metal filter, suitable for hot and cold water. The equipment serves not only to delay impurities, but also to mitigate water with a high content of iron. There are also models for very hard water. Three-speed cleaning systems are gaining great popularity, the first phase of purification in which coarse water treatment systems are carried out.
• "Barrier". Products are characterized by ease of operation, availability. For a long time, the company's specialties were the production of cassette filters for jugs, but today the main activity is the issue of stationary filters. Is the cartridge type filters when using users, as noted by users, best side The taste characteristics of water are changed, the unpleasant odor is eliminated.

• "Akvafor".The company for a long time (about 15 years) is engaged in the production of various cleaning systems for water, and therefore its range includes a large number of manual and automatic coarse filters. Special confidence of buyers use systems "under the sink", which can be installed on hot and cold water pipes.

The lack of data of models is the complexity of the installation, however, when buying a product from official representatives, the installation will be performed by professionals for free.

How to choose and install?

Important selection criteria are the size of detained pollution and performance. The filter performance is determined by the volume of water purified and the required amount for a user. At the same time, high performance should not cause a decrease in water pressure in the crane.

When using low performance filters, you can mount a cumulative containerwhere the purified water will arrive at the time while the crane is closed. After the crane opens, purified water accumulated in the container.

Choose the size of the cells or the grid follows from the quality of water, the nature and size of impurities. If the dimensions of the filter elements will exceed the size of the polluting particles, the effect of the filter will not be.

When using small-scale systems for cleansing highly particulate water with large particles, the filter will have to often remove and remind, change its elements. With intensive operation in such conditions, the risk of premature filter yield is in order.

The pre-laboratory analysis of water will help not be mistaken in choosing a filter. According to the results of water quality assessment, experts recommend the optimal type of filter. In some cases, it is advantageous to use 2 consistently mesh filters with larger, and then small cells. This will reduce the frequency of cleaning and extends the service life of the device.

The useful equipment of the filter will be the gearbox. It reduces water pressure when entering the filter, as well as extinguishes the hydrowood in the system, which provides better cleaning and allows you to extend the life of the device.

Due to the design features, direct filters demonstrate greater efficacy compared to oblique. The latter is better to choose only if it is impossible to establish a direct model (usually it happens with a lack of free space, for example, when the pipeline is close to the floor or other pipe).

For a country house, it is recommended to install 2-3 mesh filters that differ in cell sizes. As a rule, large-scale protection is installed in a private house, while for the urban apartment it is better to choose a more frequent grid.

Before washing and dishwasher, it is recommended to install additional filters.Ideally, they are needed before each household or engineering device, but it is obligated. But at the installation before the "washing" and the dishwasher, install the filter is still worth it, it is rather demanding to the quality of water technique. And the more expensive, the "Capriser".

When buying a filter, pay attention to the materials - they should be not only durable, but also environmentally safe. All connecting and threaded elements must be securely fixed, rubber gaskets and seals - firmly fit into the design.

It is important to understand how those or other functions are needed, since their presence increases the cost of the product. For example, devices mitigating water with iron surplus are very popular. However, it will be useless in the absence of those. Moreover, the water may contain an excessive number of manganese and potassium ions that need to be reduced. The product type in question in this case will also not cope with the task.

Exit from the situation, as already mentioned, is a preliminary laboratory study of the quality and composition of water.

Only on the basis of the received analysis data should acquire a filter.

There is an opinion that it is better to give preference to equipment russian manufacturer because it the best way Adapted by the features of the composition of the nearby regions. Leading positions occupy company such as "Aquaphor", "Geyser", "Barrier". Among foreign filters, German and Scottish brands enjoy the confidence of buyers.

The method of installing the counter is usually determined by its type. Professionals advise to use detachable connections for all types of devices - both for those who need extraction and flushing and stationary, bulk. It will simplify the process of dismantling the device, if necessary, to repair it. The correct installation of the main filters with their own hands begins with cleansing the surface of the pipe, removing traces of rust, checking its tightness.

Passing through complex communications systems from the water station to the consumer, water very often ceases to respond to sanitary standards. First of all, this is due to the imperfection of water pipeline, most of which have long needed to be replaced. Perhaps the most simple and affordable means of filtration is a coarse water purification filter. And although it does not help remove absolutely all impurities, the largest suspended particles will be dropped, which will significantly improve the quality of water in the house.

Means of mechanical water purification

Filtration of tap water: prejudice or necessity

Using water from a crane without preliminary cleaning, many do not think about which harm it causes the body. The fact is that water is an excellent solvent for various chemical components that have a negative impact on human organs. Of course, there are special treatment facilities, however, they tend to remove only the most dangerous pollutants at the entrance to the plumbing line. In addition, municipal pipelines do not always respond hygienic requirements, so often water comes to the consumer with another quality composition.

Important! Excessive water rigidity may cause increased salt deposits in the body. The content of manganese and iron exceeding the norm adversely affects the bone system, promotes liver diseases and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

The need to use a coarse purification filter for tap water is also caused by a detrimental effect of large suspended particles on household appliances and plumbing. Various sediments can lead to a quick breakage of expensive equipment, forming a raid and scoring small passing holes.

Impact of untreated water on household appliances

Principle of operation of mechanical cleaning

Rough water purification is a mechanical removal of suspended components (sand, rust, etc.). Typically, removed particles are of size from 15 μm and in some cases well distinguishable with the naked eye. That is why such filtering is considered rude.

The principle of operation of the filter for mechanical water purification is similar to sifting grain or cereals through a fine sieve (grid). Only large particles are subjected to filtration, the size of which does not allow to overcome the filter zone. In this case, it makes no sense to consistently install several coarse filters, since the first element in the lineup will be performed with its task, while the rest will only create additional hydraulic resistance to the highway.

Cutting suspended particles using a grid

To increase the effectiveness of filtration, after coarse, fine water purification is performed, the difference of which is less bandwidth (< 5 мкм). В этом случае в роли фильтрующего элемента выступает сорбционный материал (например, уголь), ионообменная смола или мембрана обратного осмоса.

Types of coarse filters

Structurally coarse water purification filters for home and apartments are not particularly difficult and fairly easy to maintain. Their advantages include:

• low cost;
• simple installation;
• convenient operation;
• wide temperature range of application;
• durability.

Depending on the device and filtering method, coarse mechanical filters are divided into mesh and cartridges.

Mesh

The mesh filter has small dimensions and a simple device. As it is clear from the name, in this case the filter element is a metal mesh, which is able to drain large suspended sand particles, clay or rust, often found in tap water.

For your information. Mesh devices belong to the class of trunk devices, as they are installed directly into the tap pipe. Due to the temperature resistance, they are widely used in cold, hot water lines, as well as heating systems.

A strainer of pre-purification of water consists of an input and outlet, as well as a special tank (sump), in which, actually, filtering is carried out. The settling can be located both perpendicular to the highway and run as a sideline element.

Mesh filter in the context

The straight design of the sump implies an exceptionally horizontal location. In addition, such filters often have larger sizes, so it is necessary to have sufficient space under the pipe.

In contrast to the placement of direct devices, the mounting of the oblique cleaning filter can be carried out not only horizontally, but also vertically. Since oblique filters are less dimensional, they are allowed to install on the pipeline, which takes place in the immediate vicinity of the floor or wall.

Cartridges

The use of the cartridge contributes to more efficient filtering. Externally, the cartridge devices look like a double wall vessel - a transparent or opaque case is located outside, and inside the filter element.

Interesting to know. In the form of the design of the cartridge resembles a cartridge. Hence the alternative name - a patron filter.

The principle of work is as follows: water falls into the cavity of the case, passes through the cartridge, which delays large inclusions, and returns back to the highway. Since the filter zone and sump are more voluminous than simple mesh devices, cleaning or replacing the filter element is much less common.

Scheme of cartridge (cartridge) coarse water purification filter

The housing can be performed from metal or plastic. At the same time, for cold water, a transparent car is usually used, which makes it possible to visually observe the level of contamination of the cartridge. Whereas for hot water supply applied filters from an opaque material.

Installation and filter maintenance

To understand how to properly install a coarse water filter, some montage rules should be known. In addition, such devices imply the periodic execution of wastewater treatment measures, without which the filter will quickly feed the garbage, which will significantly reduce the quality of the water flow.

Montaja rules

• The pre-purification element of water is best installed in front of the counter to protect its parts from the effects of large insoluble particles.
• When installing, it is necessary to take into account the direction of the flow of water and make the installation according to the arrow indicated on the body of the product.
• Installing the mesh filter of coarse water purification into the vertical pipeline is allowed only in the case of a sidden positioning and only when the water flow is moving from top to bottom.
• The installation of a straight septic product is made only in a horizontal pipeline. In this case, it is necessary to provide a place for the possibility of cleaning activities.
• Installing the Cover Filter is not allowed. And direct, and oblique sump after installation should be directed down.

Filter placement scheme

Cleaning the filter element

Since the principle of operation of a coarse mechanical cleaning filter is based on the delay of suspended particles in water, with time the filter element is subject to clean or replace. To do this, you need to unscrew the so-called mud, in which the filtered elements accumulate, after which it is washing the grid, cartridge or replace them in the case of large wear.

Note. Some filters are additionally equipped with a flushing system. In this case, it is enough to periodically open the faucet located below the bottom and remove the dirt under the pressure of water into the sewer or a separate container.

If there is no flushing system, delete the entire garbage will have to manually. To do this, it is necessary to overlap the pressure line, unscrew the mud or flask, carefully reach the filter element, rinse it under water or replace it.

Cleaners need to be carried out at least 1 time in 3-4 months

Since we are talking about a pressure line, all installation work, cleaning and replacement should be carried out extremely neat. If you do not know what a filter of rough water purification to install in the apartment, or doubt own power Before carrying out regulatory work, then it is much safer to contact the specialists in order to prevent emergency situations.

Filtering water today is very important taking into account the level of pollution ambient and the state of water supply pipes. This is equally fair for country housesreceiving the necessary fluid mainly from wells and for apartments of high-rise buildings connected to urban highways. In this article, we consider the coarse and fine filters used in everyday life.

General provisions

Water from the tap in an apartment or a well in the country is not poisonous, which is used by skeptics as an argument about the absence of need for additional forced filtering. But let's touch this problem more carefully.

Urban water supply

Here you can allocate two particularly negative circumstances:

1. The deplorable state of the urban water supply, many elements of which have not changed already dozens of years. The garbage accumulated in them, rust, scale and other insoluble substances are re-polluted fluid purified on the cleaning station. And it provides a danger not only to the human body, but also throughout the household plumbing, including washing machine, .

1. Chlorine. Chlorination as a means of disposal of drinking water has not been used for a long time in most civilized countries, since the chlorine itself is poison, and nothing to expect anything good to expect anything good. Sometimes with the elevated content of this item, even when visiting the bath, unpleasant sensations are tested in the form of a padded struit skin.

Autonomous water supply

Here you already follow the condition of the pipes and do not use a malicious chlorine, but the particles of sand, clays, organic and heavy metals can come across. If your artesian well is drilled, then a large amount of natural filters in the form of sand and clay reservoirs are minimized possible, but the sand or ordinary well will not be able to guarantee the absence of impurities in hazardous quantities.

Tip: With the arrangement of sand wells and wells, try to place them at a distance of at least twenty meters from street toilets, cesspools and compost coups.
In the opposite case, the produced water will receive even greater pollution.

Mesh coarse filters

These are the first filters for water supply in a private house that must be installed necessarily, if you want to avoid sand and other insoluble substances into sensitive plumbing equipment, in the prepared food and in the taps with drinking water.

If you have only fine filter, it will be quickly clogged with large particles. Apartments, as we have already found out, it also concerns, as the rust of the water supply can have an even more deploy effect.

The main element in this model is a stainless steel mesh with cell size from 50 to 400 μm, which delays insoluble particles.

This filter has very high popularity due to the simplicity of its device, which provides the following positive qualities:

1. Simple installation instructions. You can add it between the joints of the two pipes.

1. Convenience of maintenance. How to clean a coarse filter on the retina water supply?
   For this, enough:

• Unscrew the locking cover with a horn key.

Tip: In the process of unscrewing the lid, hold the place of connection with the plumbing to another key so as not to disrupt the sealing of the joint.

• Take out your hands the grid.
• We rinse it by removing accumulated dirt.
• Install in place and tighten the cover back.

1. Relatively low price.
2. Durability.

Mesh filters in turn possess several differences:

Carving or flange

The flange connection is used in cases where the pipe diameter exceeds two inches, which usually concerns the main water pipes or junctions in the basements of apartment buildings. In the same apartments and private houses more conveniently threaded.

Direct or oblique

Each filter for the country water supply consists of two connecting pipes and a special tank, in which the filtering itself is performed directly.

So this tank can have two positions:

1. Straight. In this case, the sump is located perpendicular to the pipeline and may have large dimensions, which significantly improves its operation, since the passage of fluid is then slowed down, and most of the garbage has time to settle on the bottom, and smaller fragments stop the grid. But this option is very difficult or not possible at the proximity of the wall or vertical.

1. Oblique. The placement of the sump at an angle to the direction of water current applies in cases where compactness and versatility is needed. That is, such devices are freely mounted in cramped conditions and can be installed on vertical pipes.

Mud or washed

The cleaning method may also differ depending on the design of the device:

1. Sump. Such a system is equipped with all oblique and some direct filters. In them, cleaning is required to carry out the process described above, which includes the removal of the lid and seizure the grid out.
2. Washing system. Sometimes the direct filter is equipped with a special drainage crane that allows you to drain the dirty precipitate and flushing with the reverse current of clean water.

Subtleties of mounting

Install the pre-cleaning filter can be independently, the legs should be followed by some recommendations:

• To put the instrument should still be up to the counter, as it can also fail when accumulating in its structure of sand or rust.

• Keeping design on horizontal sites mount the flask down, which will make it easier for its further cleaning. On the vertical it is possible to install only in the case of moving downwards, be sure to consider it.
• Under the direct filters, select a place that is spacious enough to remove the spacious flask.

Cartridge filters

If you want to get pure drinking water at the water intake point, it is not to be limited to rough cleaning and install in addition to the fine cleaning filter, which may have a simple structure from one large flask with a removable coal cartridge or represent an integer filtration system. The first option is quite cheap, but the result is not guaranteed.

The second, of course, is very expensive, but also at the output provides perfectly clean fluid.

Tip: It is not recommended to acquire intermediate models that, for example, three flasks.
They are more expensive, but the effect is approximately the same as with one cartridge.
So it is more rational to buy either the simplest filter, or to insert into a full-fledged system with reverse osmosis and a set of compartments of various cleaning.

A sample with a single flask is similar in its structure to a coarse filter with a direct sump, but we will analyze the system in more detail:

Designation in Figure	Name
1	Triple adapter
2	Case part with pre-purification compartments
3	Electronasus
4	Switching tolere switch to reduced pressure
5	Membrane inverse osmosis
6	Switching toggle switch
7	Element limiting
8	Electromagnetic crane washing
9	Drainage clutch
10	Crane pot accumulation
11	Tank of accumulation
12	Coal filter
13	Mineralizing filter
14	Crane for clean water
15	Key for precellers
16	Electronic Controller with Digital Display
17	Solenoid valve

As you can see, after passing through such a number of filtration compartments, water becomes perfectly clean.

All cartridges, including the reverse izothetic membrane, are periodically changed, which leads to additional costs.

It should also be noted that the installation of this equipment is carried out exclusively classified specialists.

Output

Unfortunately, water from the urban water supply or a well is not characterized by perfect purity and needs filtering. First of all, it is necessary to take care of the removal of insoluble particles that are harmful not only for the human body, but also for the entire plumbing equipment, and install a coarse filter. Then it is worth thinking about fine cleaning, which will make a liquid harmless to drink.

The video in this article will introduce you to more information.

Clean water is the key to your health.