Botanical name: Vyshina ordinary (Corylus Avellana) - Roda Leschina, birch family.

The homeland of the suction of the common: Europe.

Lighting: Teotelubiva.

The soil: Wet, fertile, loose.

Watering: abundant.

Maximum height of the tree: 10 m.

Average life expectancy: 100 years.

Landing: Seeds, glasses, cuttings, root siblings.

Description of the flawfish of ordinary: leaves and fruits of shrub

Fall shrub or a small tree with a height of up to 10 m. Crown egg-shaped or flat, spheroid. The bark is bright, gray-brown, smooth, has transverse stripes. Saving gray-brown, pubescent. Root system Powerful, surface. The roots are widely expanded in the soil. The kidneys are rounded, flashed, red-brown, bare, sometimes pubescent, up to 3 mm.

The leaves are rounded, reverse ovoid, short-pointed, 6-12 cm long, the top is narrowed in the edge, on top of the matte, dark green, the bottom is the bottom, initially pubescent, then naked, lowered through the alkalins, are held on iron and bristly stiffs long 7-17 mm. Highlights are oblong, egg-shaped, hair.

Blossom begins in early spring Before the dissolution of the leaves, in this period there are golden sticky earrings on trees, up to 5 cm long. One-bedroom plant is located on one bush there are stupid earrings and pestile flowers. Stampless earrings can be solitary or collected together by 2-4.

The flower consists of 4 flooded stamens. The fruit is oval or a balloon with a length of about 2 cm, concluded in the bell tower, light green, sowed plus. Each nozzle can be up to 30 nuts, but more often than them 3-4. Tree flask flowers and fruits annually. Fruption begins for 7-8 years. Abundant harvest gives every 3-4 years. Blossom starts in March-April.

Fruits ripen in August. Propasses seeds, grooves, root offspring. It looks very beautifully a tree during the spring blossom, this is evidenced by the photo of the common region, presented below.

Fruit of Leschina - Funduce Walnut

In the people, Leschina got the name "Oheshnik" or "Walnut". In garden crops, the most common hazelnuts, which, although it is called the lecher, is still another plant. Leschina and hazelnut - trees, close relatives that occurred from one family.

But if based on scientific facts, the following should be attributed to wild plants, and the hazelnut to cultural varieties. In Russia, on the European part, the grown harshs are hybrids of wild hazel and "cultural" hazelnut.

Village Plants Leschina

To date, there are more than 100 varieties of this plant. The most popular is the domestic "Panach", which has a pleasant taste and high fat content (62-65%). This variety does not need pollination and is distinguished by abundant, annual fruiting.

German grade "Gustav" and "Louise".

Also, the French "miracle of the Bureller" have a high winter hardiness and large fruits.

Foreign selection grade "Kudryavik" contains 70% of high-quality valuable fat.

For cultivation in the conditions of the middle strip of Russia, varieties are recommended: "Tambov Early", "Antey", "Komsomolets", "Pushkin Red" and others.

Where the Leschina is growing

The union ordinaries settle in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests. Forms undergrings or thick thickets, racing on abandoned pastures and cutting. Completed in Europe, in the Caucasus and the Middle East. In Russia grows in the European part. It dwells in the steppe and forest-steppe, it is found along rivers, streams, at the bottom of the ravines. Prefers well-moist, fresh, fertile soil. Does not occur on poor, acidic, wetlands, peat areas. Shadowed. Avoids direct sunlight, so it is rarely settled on the open, accumulated southern slopes.

How to plant Leschin

Landing of the flask produced different ways. Because the hazel has a lot of lateral rigging, you can multiply with it with a vacuum, rooting shoots and not separating from the parent plant. To do this, dig a hole with a depth of 12-15 cm, 50 cm long. Then the shoots are stacked into the recess. The tops of shoots are removed upstairs and tie them to wooden pegs. The pit is falling asleep, mixed with humus, is abundantly watered. To form the roots of the soil should settle and compact. In the spring, weeding and loosening seedlings are produced. Fertilize the ground with a pumping compartment with the addition of ash. The development of the root system contributes to manganese, divorced in a bucket of water. The resulting solution is watered by young individuals. Squeeze telebital plant Better in areas hidden from direct sunlight.

There is another way to planting the flavory. In the forest, 3-4 bushs of nuts are digging and put them on the garden plot, at a distance of 3 m from each other. Before planting, the broken branches and roots of the plant are cut, dipped it in a korolak. The root cerv should be 3-4 cm above the ground level. After planting, the bush is abundantly watered and mulched.

How to grow leaching from seeds

When prompting seeds, landing is made in the fall at the end of September. For this, swallow grooves, fall asleep fertilizer. Seeds are placed in a groove at a distance of 15-20 cm and fall asleep with soil.

Easily carries out the leaching grown from walnut. For landing, you choose large, completely rided nuts. At the end of September - mid-October dig a shallow pit, the nuts are placed there. Place of landing insulate peat. In mid-May, the first shoots are shown. For the winter, the ridge is covered with a film or a dense material for protection against mice.

You can hang nuts in early spring, pre-exposed their stratification. The storage of the flavor is placed in a sandbox, which is kept before landing in a cool room.

Growing for Sale: landing and care

In order for the tree to give a good harvest, it is important to know how to grow the flash. Before boarding, you should choose the right place. It should be lit, protected from wind plot on a small elevation, so that in summer the wood has time to ripen, and the kidneys did not damage the plant in the plant. The soil should be loose, fertile, not acidic. The first time the young plants are demanding of watering. Each spring in the soil is added nitrogen fertilizers. Regular autumn feeding are also necessary. 40-50 g of phosphate fertilizers are introduced into the priority circles. Potash fertilizers It should be avoided, as they lead to a reduction in fruiting. Adult trees are subjected to pruning, after which the yield is significantly increased.

Adult shared ordinary is not good, special care does not require. Easily carries out in a new place.

Pests and diseases

The pests include nutty, and the cigice glue. Fruits may be damaged by the caterpillars of academic fruit. Damaged fruits appear from the tree in huge quantities. Winter caterpillars in the cracks of the cortex, in a dense cocoon. To combat the pest in early spring, the crust is cleaned, the autumn cleaning of fallen leaves.

The tree is subject to such diseases as malievable dew, drowned spotting leaves.

Application

Plant Leschina remains popular over the years. For most people are tasty and useful delicacy. They are consumed with raw, dried and fried. Coffee, flour, cream, butter are obtained from walnut. From the cake produce halva. In confectionery production, the fruits of the flavory are used for the preparation of cakes, pies, candies, cakes and other sweet products. Walnut oil of this plant to taste resembles the almond, and in terms of its qualities and useful properties even surpasses it. Orekhov oil is used for the manufacture of soap, creams, candles, paints.

Harvesting is coming at the beginning of September. A sign of a mature walnut is a tied plus. At the same time, completely ripe fruits with an open plify begin to crumble. The collected nuts are dried for 14-20 days. When drying plins are well separated from nuts. Dried fruits are kept in paper or plated bags in a dry room. Fruits do not lose their taste and beneficial features 2 years. Poorly dried nuts moldsheet.

Surrogate tea makes from young leaves and add them to the soup. Branches and leaves are served for small cattle. The wood is obtained by coal suitable for filtering and drawing. Wood white with a light brown tint has durability, flexibility, easy to rally, is processed, used for the manufacture of furniture, hoops, canes and small wooden crafts. From a fine walnut vine weave baskets. Fishermen are very popular with sunglasting rods. From the branches make plentores and hedges.

Woods clean the wine and brighten the vinegar. The bark and leaves serve for taking skin. In addition, the bark is environmentally friendly, dye harmless to health, therefore it is used in printing for printing particularly valuable products, it also get yellow paint for staining shoes. Walnut oil is widely used in cosmetology, perfumery, painting.

Wood wood is a valuable shrub breed, serving to create a living hedge, fastening the slopes, ravines, protection of the soil from destruction and erosion.

The plant is recognized excellent honeycomb, attracting bees and gives a lot of high-quality pollen.

Some types of flaws have decorative value. Her big dense foliage, in the fall acquires yellow, red, purple shades, attracts attention and delights the eye with its beauty, so quite often this plant is used in landscaped landscaping, sitting in parks, squares and garden sites.

Useful properties of lechshina

The fruits of this tree have valuable substances, which cannot be replaced. They are rather calories, contain fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, microelements, bioactive substances, fiber, biotin, vitamins. The hazelnut is recognized as nutritious soybeans and pork. The content of oils in it reaches 80%, the core contains valuable protein, easily absorbed by the human body. It is contained in the hazelnuts of ascorbic acid, carotene and vitamins of group B. Left leaves are rich in essential oil, glycosides, tanning substances, vitamin C. The cortex contains tannins, essential oil, betulin, palmitic acid, tanning substances.

Leschina in medicine

The beneficial properties of the flavory are known for a long time. Today, drugs are used, bark, roots and fruits of this plant. Prepared preparations are used at skin diseases. The leaves are used in liver diseases, fruits effectively treat rheumatism and anemia. From the crushed nuclei of nuts make medicinal cream rich in vitamins, trace elements and nutrients. They help to restore forces after or during illness, strengthen their hair, prevent their fragility and falling out, treat anemia, urolithiasis.

The infusion of leaves and tree bark is used in varicose veins, for the treatment of phlebitis, prostate hypertrophy. Rastered kernels mixed with honey helps to get rid of rheumatism. Nuts, regularly used in food, improve digestion, strengthen immunity. Rastered with water nuts are taken with meteorism, bronchitis, fever.

The fruit oil eliminates the bile-stone disease, epilepsy. Walnut butter, mixed with egg yolk, treats burns. The decoction of the roots is used inward during malaria. The bark of the flavary has a binding, antipyretic, antiseptic effect. The essential oil of the cortex is a vasoconstrictory.

Infusion is used for perifelibates, ulcers, capillary hemorrhages. The bark and leaves are used in medicine in varicose veins, thrombophlebitis. The leaves of this plant are used for intestinal diseases, avitaminosis and rickets. The decoction of leaves is used in hypertension and kidney disease. Leaf ointment is used with a cancer tumor. A decoction from plid helps with diarrhea. Powder from dried plins treat colitis. Nutrition kernels recommend nursing mothers to increase the amount of breast milk. Nuts are used as a laxative.

In scientific medicine, the flask is practically not used. However, in the 20th century, among the medical drugs, the L2 Forest liquid was listed, which was obtained by distillation from dry wood. This means for the treatment of eczema, neurodermit, psoriasis and other skin diseases was intended. Since therapeutic effect when using the drug was insignificant, later it was removed from production.

Collecting and harvesting raw materials

Young leaves are collected in May, during flowering, after which they are dried in the air under a canopy, in the attic, or in a well-ventilated room. Cora is removed from the branches of early spring or autumn. Drying is produced in a ventilated room. Nuts are collected in autumn in full maturation. Dried on the sun for 2 weeks, laying up a thin layer, or in the oven at a temperature of 60-70 ° C, periodically stirring. Fruits are kept 1 year old, leaves - 1 year, bark - 2 years.

Frashchi ordinary office (Corylus Avellana Conporta)

A large umbrella shrub of an umbrella shape height up to 2 m. It has an unusual and very exotic appearance. It differs from other varieties of flashes curved, twisted shoots.

The leaves are dark green, wrinkled, up to 12 cm long. Flowers with numerous golden hanging earrings. Blossom begins early in spring. Fruit - round or oblong nut. Grows slowly. To the soil is not demanding. It grows well on drained, fertile soils. Does not blocking. Under the conditions of harsh winter can be moderated.

Plant landing is produced in spring or early summer. The plant's care lies in timely removal of the incentive slop.

It looks better in single landings. In the spring, naked, curved branches of the office with hanging earrings look fantastically. In order for the plant to not lose its attractiveness in the end of spring, the tree is exposed to trimming, only the most unusual branches leave.

The conservation of the office is an excellent choice for lovers of graphic etudes.

Although the birthplace of the flavory is small asia, today it can often be found in the center of Europe, the forests of the Caucasus, as well as America and Canada. Per last years Many gardeners managed to appreciate not only its pronounced decorative properties, but also taste qualities for which she was not equal. This representative of the Berezov family laid the beginning of its wide development in southern areas, where large areas are allocated to grow suspicion.

In a wild form, this plant, which is also known as the hazelnut, can be found in the forests of the southern Urals and Perm region. And for sure, novice gardeners would like to get answers to many questions regarding the hazel: Shrub is or tree, what are the features of its cultivation?

Oshnik: Is it a shrub or tree?

Although Oheshnik was taken to attribute to the nature of the shrubs, but it provides for several dozen representatives belonging to the trees group. Such, for example, is a bearish walnut, which grows in the form of a slender and high tree decorated with an attractive crown. However, mostly nuts grows in the form of a shrub. In a wild form, it often forms a thick undergrowth in wide forests. The most famous is a forest hazel, which many know as a suicide. In this regard, I would like to mention the history of the word "Leschina". It has original russian origin: Leaves of shrubs are strongly reminded in their form the body of the lake fish of the bream, which in antiquity of Russia was mined in antiquity.

Getting acquainted by SO existing species Oshness, it can be noted that most of them are leaf falling shrubscovered with large-sized leaves of a rounded shape having a pronounced rich-green color. It is best to grow in warm areas where there is a sufficient amount of moisture and fertile soil. Most often, it can be found in wide forests, where she feels good with such neighbors as oaks, elms and maples.

The greatest representation of Funduk has in the undergrowth, where it forms a solid wall. Growing in the wildlope has the form of branching shrubsForming a variety of stalks that are made directly from the root.

• these shrubs are enough tall, reaching the height of 3-5 meters;
• the hazelnut can multiply in a vegetative way (with the help of siblings or cuttings) or seeds-nuts. With the cultivation of the leaching through seeds, only copies aged 6-7 years are entering fruiting. It is possible to bring closer to this moment, if we propagate the flavory in a vegetative way, which allows you to start fruiting shrubs for the fourth year;
• in summer, a hasty bush is extremely difficult to confuse with other plants: it is indicated by its oval leaves and the small cloves and the sharp tip are indicated on the edge;
• an additional sign of the shrub is the presence of a slightly rough to the touch texture.

Most of the hazelnut species grow in the form of tall large shrubs having a height of 5-6 meters and a smooth bark. And the latter can be modified from gray to terracotta-brown shade. The characteristic color of young shoots is gray-green, which can be supplemented with minor yellowish specks. Young hazel bushes can often be taken for the shoots of the linden, but the difference is still present due to thick drops.

Oreshnik's shoots can sometimes give themselves for the bushes of the Elm. Similar to them are the bark and leaves having identical color and texture. To distinguish them from each other, you need to pay attention to the barrel, which is only one. There are many branches at the slashes, which shows a sign of a shrub. Also, haznor can also be distinguished by its kidneys who have a gray-green color and oval shape. Kidney elm, on the contrary, reddish with a pointed form.

Features of the species

Oshnik is a representative monocoan plantsWhich in the process of vegetation is formed male and female flowers on one culture. Men's flowers have kind of earrings, form soft inflorescences of a yellowish shade. They can easily be taken for birch earriors or alder. If you put them in June-July, then in the fall they come into increasing, and with the arrival of spring after successful wintering begin to bloom. After ripening, the wind transfers pollen, ensuring the reproduction of the nut.

Female flowers are extremely difficult to distinguish. They are formed by small flowers, which are located inside special kidneys growing in the previous season. When there is a time of flowering, leafy flakes, followed by inflorescences, begin to reveal, as a result there can be easily revealed by the wind of pollen.

Types of Oshness

Hazelnuk includes approximately 20 speciesIn each of which many different cultures can be distinguished. And although they have different properties, but for the most part they are frost-resistant and durable plants. The album can grow in the most unsuitable conditions for many other plants, since it is undemanding to the soil, but still the presence of organics in the soil accelerates the process of its development and fruiting.

All without exception, the hazelnut varieties are positively responding to moisture, but it must be moderately. Sometimes they can grow well enough in conditions of small shading, but it does not allow them to fully show all their decorative properties and provide high yield. Therefore, it is best to plant them at open solar sites.

Usually grows in the form of a major multisage shrub, reaching a height of 4-6 meters, which decorates a wide spreading crown. Unlike other varieties, the union ordinary begins to bloom to the dissolution of the leaves. Therefore, she is of particular interest for bees. When many trees and shrubs are still preparing for flowering, gold earrings are beginning to bloom, thereby providing the powers of weakened bees.

• at the beginning of the growing vegetation, the hazelnut leaves have on top of a matte green color, and the bottom is light, but in the fall of foliage begins evenly yellowing;
• in different stages life cycle Leschina provides a different increase. In the first years of life, its gain is extremely low. The growth in the fifth-sixth year is activated, which leads to the emergence of a large number of young shoots;
• in the wild form of the forest hazel, it is most often possible to meet in the European territory of Russia and in the Crimean Peninsula. Many of his representatives are available in Western Europe and the Caucasus.

Bear Walnut, or Drain Tree

Bear Walnut is a mansion among other owners, since it belongs to the group of tree-like plants. Can grow up to 15-20 metershaving a 6-8 meters crown diameter. A characteristic feature of a bearish walnut is a slim beautiful trunk.

Lombard Orekh.

Being a monumental representative of a kind, this shrub is decorated with beautiful straight gray branches that can provide him height up to 10 meters. The leaves of the Lombard walnut look originally, which have a rounded shape, which is decorated with toothed edges. To grow this variety of hazel can only with warm conditions, the cold is carried out extremely bad. Over the centuries, it was grown in the Balkans and Asia Minor, where it was preserved as a walnut shrub.

During the growing season, the bush forms dense lowered annual shoots. The characteristic form of Oheshnik leaves is widespread, often rounded, in diameter can reach 10-12 cm. At the beginning they have a heart-shaped form, which, as the upward moves, shortening and ends with an acute vertex. Additional attractiveness of the Oheshrik give large male earring 10 cm long. They are presented in the form of boring outlets, where up to 8 pieces, which are covered with fluffy tubular wrapper.

On the basis of the pawnshop walnut cultural grades of Hazelwho have gained widespread in industry. The high yield can be obtained only when growing this species on the rich nutrients of loose soils. He also got widespread in decorative purposes.

Nude shape of Oreshnik

This kind of hazel looks very original, because on the background of other varieties is characterized by the color of foliage. It has the form of a multi-tape bush up to 4 meters high, which is decorated with large leaves of dark purple color. During the growing season, nuts are formed in the red wrapper, within which the pink kernels are contained.

The red-hearth nut got the greatest distribution as a decorative shrub. Given that it is mainly grown in the southern regions, transfer the harsh winters of moderate Russian latitudes is unable. Attempts to hide it in front of the winter only partially prove to be successful: although this kind of hazelnut does not die completely, but in the following years it does not wait for neither blossom or nuts. In such cases, it represents value only as a decorative plant, giving a special uniqueness.

Leschina manchurskaya

This culture is successfully grown in difficult conditions of the Far East, Primorye, as well as Korea and North China, so she feling frost well And feels in conditions of significant shading. Grows in the form of a bush up to 4-5 meters high, forming a large number of strong escapes.

Represents value due to fruits with healing properties. At the same time, this kind of nutrition has pronounced decorative properties. First of all, it demonstrates brown color, densely pubescent young shoots and wide soft leaves, which in the warm season have a dark green color, and at the end of the vegetation period, it is replaced by orange or golden shades. In the fall, the harshs of the flaws having a pointed form ripen. They got great popularity in chinese medicineBecause have excellent anti-inflammatory properties.

Conclusion

For most ignorant people, the leschy seems to be a rather interesting plant, because without being a specialist, it is difficult to say about hazel - it's a tree or shrub. Although not only because of this, the album deserves attention. Trying to get answers to other questions, many learned that the hazelnut often used as a decorative plantAlthough only this value is not limited. Indeed, in the fall, the harshs are kept, which in some varieties have healing properties. Therefore, the cultivation of this shrub on the plot is not only profitable, but also useful.

Oreshchi ordinary - Osh

In the garden first-aid kit of experienced gardeners, the crystal iron vigorous is necessarily present, or iron sulfate. Like many other chemical drugs, it has properties that protect garden-berry cultures from numerous pests and insect pests. In this article, let's talk about the features of the use of iron mood for processing garden plants from diseases and pests and other options for its use on the plot.

Retaining walls - the main tool for working with a complex relief on the site. With their help, not only create terraces or play with planes and alignment, but also emphasize the beauty of the rocker scenery, a change in the height, the garden style, its character. Returning walls allow playing with raised and lowered platforms and hidden zones. Modern dry or more solid walls help the deficiencies of the garden turn into its main advantages.

There were times when the concepts of "wood-garden", "family tree", "collector's tree", "Multi Tree" simply did not exist. And it was possible to see such a miracle only in the household "Michurinsev" - people who were divided by neighbors, looking at their gardens. There on one apple tree, pear or plum was kept not just a variety of different maturation terms, but also a variety of colors and sizes. We desperate for such experiments not many, but only those who were not afraid of numerous trials and errors.

The palisade is the face of the garden and his owner. Therefore, for these flower beds, it is customary to choose plants that are decorative all season. And special attention, in my opinion, deserve perennials of the parisades, blooming in the spring. Like primroses, they bring us a special joy, because after a sad winter, more than ever, you want bright colors and flowers. In this article, we suggest to get acquainted with the best decorative perennials, blooming in spring and not requiring special care.

The climatic conditions of our country, unfortunately, are not suitable for growing many crops without seedlings. Healthy and strong seedlings are a guarantee of high-quality harvest, in turn the quality of seedlings depends on several factors: even healthy seeds can be infected with pathogens, which are stored for a long time on the surface of the seed, and after sowing, getting into favorable conditions, activate and affect Young and rapid plants

In our family, tomatoes love very much, so most of the beds at the cottage are given precisely under this culture. Every year we try to try new interesting varieties, and some of them are coming around and become loved ones. At the same time, for many years of gloomy, we have already formed a set of favorite varieties that are required to land in each season. We, we joking such tomatoes, call the "special purpose" varieties - for fresh salads, juice, salting and storage.

Coconut Cake with cream - "Kitchen", or German Coconut Pie (Butter Milch Shnitten - soaked in milk). Without exaggeration, I will say that this is an incredibly delicious cake - sweet, juicy and gentle. It can be stored for quite a long time in the refrigerator, based on such a biscuit in Germany prepare cakes with cream. Recipe from the category "Guests on the threshold!" Since usually all the ingredients are in the refrigerator, and less than an hour goes to the preparation of the dough and baking.

Snow has not yet managed to completely melt, and the restless owners of country sites are already in a hurry to estimate the front of work in the garden. And do it really, there is something. And, perhaps, the most important thing is that it is necessary to think about early in the spring - how to protect your garden from diseases and pests. Experienced gardeners know that these processes can not be allowed to let these processes, and the delay and laying on the time of processing time can significantly reduce the crop and the quality of the fruits.

If you yourself prepare soil mixtures for growing indoor plants, It is worth noticeing to a relatively new, interesting and, in my opinion, the desired component is a coconut substrate. Everything, probably, saw at least once in the life of coconut and his "shaggy" covered with long fibers shell. From coconut nuts (in fact, this is Kostyanka) make a lot of delicious products, but the shell and fibers used to be simply the waste of production.

Pie with fish canned and cheese - the idea of \u200b\u200bsimple lunch or dinner for the daily or Sunday menu. The cake is designed for a small family of 4-5 people with moderate appetite. In this pasting, there is everything - both fish, potatoes, and cheese, and a crispy crust of the dough, in general, almost as closed Pizza Calcone, only tastier and easier. Canned fish can be any - mackerel, sail, pink salmon or sardines, choose to your liking. Such a cake is also prepared with boiled fish.

Fig, fig, fig tree - these are all the names of the same plant, which we are persistently associated with Mediterranean life. Who at least once tried the fruit of figs, knows what kind of yummy it is. But, apart from a gentle sweet taste, they are also very useful for health. And this is what interesting detail: it turns out, figs - absolutely unpretentious plant. In addition, it can be successfully grown on the plot in middle lane Or in the house - in the container.

Delicious seafood cream soup is preparing a little less than an hour, it turns out to be gentle and cream. Seafood Choose to your taste and wallet, it can be a sea cocktail, and royal shrimps, and squid. I prepared soup with large shrimp and mussels in the sinks. First, it is very tasty, secondly, beautiful. If you cook for a festive dinner or dinner, then mussels in sinks and large crude shrimps look in a plate of appetizing and pretty.

Quite often, the cultivation of the seedlings of tomatoes occurs even from the experienced dacities. Someone, all seedlings are elongated and weak, someone - suddenly begins to fall and dies. The thing is that it is difficult to maintain ideal conditions for growing seedlings. Seedlings of any plants need to provide a lot of light, sufficient humidity and optimum temperature. What else do you need to know and abide by the cultivation of tomatoes seedlings in the apartment?

The varieties of tomatoes of the Altai series are very popular with gobblers due to their sweet gentle taste, more reminiscent of the taste of the fruit, rather than vegetable. These are large tomatoes, the weight of each fetus equals an average of 300 grams. But this is not the limit, there are tomatoes larger. The pulp of these tomatoes is characterized by juice and meaturacy with a slight pleasant oiliness. You can grow excellent tomatoes of the Altai series from the "Agrouse" seed.

Forest and hazelnuts are the same, they differ only with sizes. The hazelnuts call all the nuts of large-scale varieties of the flavion (the semiah ordinary and wood is large). The hazelnut has a high nutritional value, so it is grown on large farms in Italy, Greece, Turkey, Georgia, Catalonia.

The hazelnut tree grows in the forests and on farms

Characteristics of the sundry of ordinary

Forest walnut (Leschina, Oshness) belongs to the clan of the birch family. This is a deciduous plant, shrub. Growing is usually in the edges of deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests. What does the vyshina ordinary look like:

1. The leaching bush in height reaches five meters.
2. Krone has a shape similar to the egg.
3. Bark barrel light brown, smooth, bark bark covered with light flush.
4. Leaves are similar to birch, rounded or egg-shaped with a pointed tip. Color leaves dark green.
5. Fruits are large nuts in a strong shell. Nuts outside are surrounded by leafy process.

For forestry, Leschina is a weed. It is quickly multiplied with a vegetative way, forming root siblings, occupies the whole territory of the forest cutting.

For the food industry, the hazelnut is extremely valuable. That is why it was evilurized and began to grow on farms. Easy to grow easily. We need the soil rich in minerals (perfectly suitable in the black soil), moderate amount of moisture, mild climate. Care forest nut Virtually no need.

Leschina usually takes a shrub shape

How and when there is a flakes

The leaves of the lechkin in the southern regions are dismissed in the last days of March, in the northern regions of Crown Green in April - early May. The hazelnut blooms in early March before deciduous kidneys will be revealed.

How does glue flowers? The plant has men's (sticky) and female (pedigree) flowers. Stamens are hidden in earrings, like a birch. From one kidney there are 3-5 earrings. Under normal conditions, they reach 10 cm long.

Women's flowers consist of a pestle and a weak outdoor perianth, have a view of the kidney. From the kidneys there can be a bright red gun of the fishing. The more this cannon, the more flowers hidden in the kidney. Were pollinated in the wind. Earrings begin to allocate pollen in April, the process lasts about two weeks. Pesttal strokes capture pollen from their plant or from neighbors.

Men's inflorescences

Characteristics of leaching fruits

The fruits of the suction of the ordinary - hazelnut, nuts of almost spherical shape of light brown. Compared to other types of flashes, they have large sizes, and fruits the hazelnut annually. Plants grown in culture for the first time fruit on the third year of life (after seed germination).

The hazelnut is one of the most expensive and valuable types of walnut. This is due to its unique chemical composition. The hazelnut contains all the necessary human substance. The nutritional value of nuts, the content of proteins, fats and carbohydrates is 98%. To fully cover the energy needs, it is enough to eat 300 grams of hazelnut per day. Also nuts are rich in such useful substances:

1. Vitamins - Vitamin A (Retinol), C (ascorbic acid), E (tocopherol), group B (thiamine, riboflavin, choline, pantothenic acid, choline, pyridoxine).
2. Macroelements - calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus.
3. Microelements - iron, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium.
4. Unsaturated fatty acids.
5. Polysaccharides - starch, cellulose.
6. Amino acids.

Walnut Hazelnut is easily digested and absorbed, so the body receives a maximum of benefit.

Hazelnut nuts extremely nutritious

Funduka application

Due to the high yield, unique nutritional value, excellent taste, the hazelnuk was widespread in the food industry, especially in the confectionery industry. What are made of hazelnuts:

• butter;
• fundural flour;
• fondant pasta.

Flour and pasta add to curd, cheese paste, ice cream, sweets, sauces. Whole roasted peanuts are added to tile chocolate and candy.

The quality of the hazelnut is inconsistently, over time he loses moisture and some nutrients, can gain bitterness. Therefore, there is a hazelnut of the first grade (new harvest) and a second grade (old harvest). The most delicious and useful products are obtained from young nuts.

Hazelnut is especially valued in the preparation of desserts

Why it is worth growing

It is possible to get a rich harvest of the hazelnut. Even novice gardener will cope with the cultivation of the flavor. The advantages of the cultivation of the flavory in the private farm:

1. Endurance, unpretentiousness. The plant is well adaptable to external conditions, does not require painstaking care. It is important to immediately provide the following conditions for healthy growth (fertile soil, multiple lighting, moderate humidity).
2. High yield. Oshness brings rich yields annually. From one bush, you can collect about 7 kg of hazelnut.
3. Long shelf life of nuts. For correct conditions The crop retains the beneficial properties and taste for 1.5-2 years.
4. High price nuts. If the bushes put a lot, you can sell nuts into confectionery factories or wholesale bases.
5. The bushes are very beautiful, on the site a hazel looks unusual.

Sitting the coarse nuts usually rows. An aisle can be used to grow other garden plants.

Hazelnuk gives a good harvest and is well kept

Varieties of cultural lesten

Today there are several varieties of flaws that grow gardeners. They differ in appearance, productivity characteristics and have some features of care. The most often grown such grades of hazelnuts:

• Barcelonian hazelnut;
• Cosford;
• Gallic;
• Warsaw red.

Kosford Hazelnut brought in England, Gallic - German variety. The origin of Barcelona and Warsaw varieties is clear from the titles. Plants of different varieties have different external characteristics. You can choose a variety based on personal preferences.

Barcelona Leschin's bushes have powerful growth, form a wide crown. The main advantage of variety is frost resistance. Leschina will be able to maintain kidneys and flowers after spring frosts. The plant has large leaves, a dark green plate from above, the bottom is brighter below. The bloom of the variety begins in mid-April. Fruption begins early. The variety has an increased yield. The fruits of the flavory are very large, have a different form (most often flashed). When nuts ripen, the surrounding shell bursts, releaseing them outward.

Nutrition kernels have amazing taste. They are juicy and sweetish. Leschina has one drawback: it is susceptible to diseases, especially monilias.

Nuts of Barcelona Leschina

The main characteristics of SPORD grade:

1. Great power, large bushes with a thick crown.
2. Medium frost resistance.
3. The leaves bloom in dark green, they begin to blush to autumn.
4. The period of flowering early (early April).
5. Nuts are large, rounded and flattened. The shell is thin, after ripening becomes red-brown.
6. The kernels of nuts completely occupy the shell coated with a fibrous film. The taste of nuts juicy and sweet.
7. Early fruiting.
8. High yield.
9. The duration of the ripening of the fruit is the end of September.

Corporate grows in warm regions. It is important to provide plants against wind protection. The variety acts as a pollinator for other varieties (Gallic, Nottingham Hazelnuk, etc.). For space, self-pollination is characterized.

Hazelnuk Sports gives large nuts

Gallic variety bustting bushes have a crown with medium leaf thickness. The average height of the plant is 5.5 meters. The outfound leaves are dark green and covered with a rough pile. In the spring, a large number of earrings are formed, they bloom the bunches of 6-7 pieces. Blossom period Standard - mid-April. Remind the form of the form of a cone, have a large size, easily fall out of the fruit shell. The kernels are enclosed in a thick shiny shell. They are dense, moderately sweet taste.

Gallic Hazelnut - Late Veterior Sort

Ripens Gallic hazelnuts later than his fellow - in early October. Harvest ahead of time It is impossible.

The variety brings rich yields, but very demanding on the conditions of content. It is required to regularly make organic fertilizers. Grow the hazelnut is best on the sublime relief. Soil should not be overly wet.

The variety does not apply to self-polished. He is pollinated by other types of flavory.

Warsaw Red Funduk

Warsaw red refers to decorative varieties of flavory. Crown has a spherical shape. Red leaves are red, in the summer become green. Fruits have a major size. The ripening period is the second half of September. The yield of the variety is less than the Gall hazelnut. Flowers are pollinated by other hazel.

Oshness (Leschina): landing and care.

Leschina ordinary (Oshness) - a forest resident of the middle strip of Russia, known for a long time as a magnificent taste of its fruits - nuts, their high nutritional value, and the magical properties of wood attributed to him. This useful shrub is invaluable for its winged assistants - bees. His abundant spring flowering gives a huge number of main feed insect - pollen, thoroughly supporting them after wintering. The excellent decorativity of the flawfish, and especially its hybrid culture - hazelnut, is increasingly used by gardeners in the decoration of country sites and estates.

Description of culture.

Presents a leaf falling shrub or low, up to 8 m in height, wood, wood, has a decorative and attractive appearance. Oval or spherical thick crown and a bright smooth gray-brown bark with transverse stripes create a pleasant impression. The bloom of the hazelnut occurs in early spring, even before the leaves bloom. Since the leschina is a monocoa plant, there are beautiful styling earrings, single or collected in bundles, and pestile flowers. Four forked connected stamens make up a flower. Spring hazelnut blossom is a beautiful life-affirming spectacle. Fruit of flavory - nut. They are published in greenish plush and combined into a total of 3-5 or more pieces. The hazelnut fertures annually, alternating abundant and moderate crops. Beginning from the 5-8 year year, fruiting is characteristic of such a culture as a hazel (loddy). Landing and care are determined by planning.

Nuts: composition and benefit.

Ripened kernels of the flavory are not only delicious, but also the most calories of all kinds of nuts. They exceed in nutrition and meat and dairy products. Fat oils contained in nuts, trace elements, vitamins, amino acids and their unique compounds give the nuclei gorgeous taste and healing qualities. Eating them in food is helpful for children and adults. Nuts eat raw or fried, add like a filler in the production of chocolate, confectionery, oriental sweets. And having an excellent flavor walnut oil is a component of salads, hot and cold snacks. A long shelf life of hazelnuts (3-4 years), during which they do not lose their basic qualities - one more advantage of this unique product. Tannins, tannins, essential oils are available in the crust and leaves, allow them to effectively use them in the perfume and pharmaceutical industry.

Medical properties.

The high bactericidal properties of the flake are successfully used in the treatment of skin diseases (neurodermatitis, eczema, etc.). Young leaves of the plant facilitate painful manifestations with lesions of the liver, and purified fruits (without brown husk) in a mixture with honey reinforce the hematopoietic function of the body and remove rheumatic pain. Vingual Nuts are successfully used in the treatment of pulmonary problems, bronchitis, febrile conditions, renal diseases. Confused nuclei, carefully mixed with egg protein- Beautiful remedy for chemical and thermal burns. Spring cord decoctions facilitate feverish states in malaria, nut oil helps in the fight against helminths, used in cosmetology.

Landshedral in landscape design.

Equally important and decorative quality shrubs. The flask is valued by landscape designers of garden territories due to the dense foliage, which is painted in yellow and red tones by autumn. There are also very picturesque forms of nuts with a wonderful Punchy tint of leaves, which remained throughout the season. This is the so-called halter. Use of such unusual plants In the household landscape design, it will not just decorate the space, but will make it unique and unique.

Location: Grow fast. Red leaves are more intense with good sunlight. And the yellow-bearded forms are in principle susceptible to burning and need to be shared from hot moon rays. Dignities should include longevity, winter hardiness, shadowness and decorativeness.

Soil: The best development is achieved on fresh, humus-rich soils, do not take out wet and saline, as well as poor and dry.

Landing: Fit nut fall. First prepare pits 60? 50 cm, refuel them with humus (up to 10-15 kg) and mineral fertilizers (200 g of superphosphate and 50 g of potassium salt) and add fertile land from the upper arable layer. The seedlings before planting are cut up to 20-25 cm, the roots are fed to the cant and manure bolt and placed in the pits after 4-5 m (in the living hedge it is more dense), they are abundantly watered.

Care: Prioric circles loose, but not deep, and mulch, such as bevelled grass. In the dry years, the plants occasionally watered, once every 2-3 years feed the organic and annually - mineral fertilizers. During the verge of fruits, the urea feeder is desirable. And for the normal growth and development of the Leshechny bush, it is thinned by the 5-6th year, leaving in each 6-8 or 8-10 stems, depending on the lounge of the landing.

For a guaranteed prosperous overlooking plants, it is recommended to fighten the low-growing branches to the ground and to cover them with snow. To obtain a reliable crop, artificial pollination has to be used. For this purpose, a bottle of water tied to the shields of water-tied to female inflorescences and cut-off branches of sung with earrings are placed among the bushes. Artificial pollination can be carried out differently. Take several blooming earrings (2-3), bring them to the blossomed fruit kidneys and gently shake the earrings over the pestles. Very often, the earrings and fruit kidneys are revealed and blooming upstream. As a rule, the earrings begin to dust before the female inflorescences dissolve. In this case, pollen are collected, sometimes together with earrings, in a clean paper bag. You can not keep pollen in the sun even a few minutes, it dies. The package is stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of about 0 degrees until the red threads of pestles are shown. Then the soft watercolor brush take pollen from the package and applied on the pistol stil. With small hazelnuts, this method is convenient and reliable. The time for pollination of the flowering bush leaves quite a bit - 15-20 minutes.

The formative trimming is of great importance for the flavoring and hazelnuts. Since the plants are light-minded, the entire Krone bushes should be available for light and air. In practice, two formation techniques are used. First reception. In the thickened bushes are cut off in the middle of extra shoots. Side of the side trunks are rejected and fixed in this position with wire. It turns out something like a green "vase" with a middle, accessible light and air. Another reception. The trunks are tied by deflecting them to the left and right, to two thick aluminum wires passing from the bokes of the bush at an altitude of 1.2 - 1.5 m from the ground. The bush profile in this case looks like a boat, or the letter "V". This is essentially a heat garter, so tapping the raspberries and grapes. With such a formation, the bushes occupy less place than with the first. For a separate bush, it is better to use the formation of the type "Vase".

The original method of cultivation and formation of flakes. It is possible to form their own nuts in the traditional, multiplety, but in one-membrane culture. Leave one, the most powerful troller, the rest to cut at the ground level. The svolik will grow very quickly, will finish with finishing fruit branches, and by the fourth year of life will give the first harvest. Instead of a multi-rolled bush, a small one-coat breech was turned out. An abundance of food free access of light and air to the crown causes good annual yields for many years.

One of the permanent worries of the gardener is the lightening of the crown of the flavory especially inside the bush. When trimming, it is necessary to take into account that most of the rigid flowering kidneys is at the tips of the converting branches of the branches. For this reason, only dried, old and strongly shadowing branches are cut off. Although the hasty bush lives for a long time, but at the age of 15-20 years the thrill branches of skeletal trunks begin to dilute, from which the yield is reduced. Rejuvenating trimming required. Conduct it gradually, cutting 1-2 old stem per year. They cut them as close as possible to the ground, early spring, in March, before the start of the deploration. Cut and excessive root pigs have a bush.

Reproduction: Seeds, root offspring, gaze. Give abundant pigs from stump. The easiest way in the garden is the division of the bush. An acute shovel chips 1-2 young trunks together with the root system and a large lump of land. When transplanting, cuts are made at an altitude of 10-15 cm from the ground to cause the appearance of a new row and achieve a better bush sung. When a large number of seedlings are required, and the plants give little root offspring, horizontal and arcuate chains are removed.

The varietal hazelnuts and the flaws can be multiplied by the vaccination by the kidney or a cutlets on the wild leisure and bear nuts. The best duration of the adventure of the kidney (eyelidation) in the middle lane is the end of July - the beginning of August, when the border of the border is easily separated from the wood. The kidneys (eyes) for vaccination take from the weird part of the shoots of the current year. Before starting the vaccination and cut the eyes from the escape of the brought variety, the cuttings are purified from the downsion. The vaccine with a cutlets makes ways: a cuper, wide, for a bark. The cuttings are harvested in autumn, although it is possible to cut them down and spring until the kidney is dissolved before the vaccination itself.

From the sowing of the seeds of hazelnuts, especially hybrids, the offspring is obtained a variety of, sometimes little similar to the parent plant. As a rule, the hazelnut seedlings give a midflower, although possessing beautiful taste and food virtues. For planting, mature nuts that fell from the bush are chosen. Sow autumn to a depth of 7-8 cm, or in spring to a depth of 5-6 cm. With seed reproduction of the hazelnuts and the flashes enter the course of fruits only for only 5-8 years. With vegetative for 3-4 years.

Using: The species dominance of shades and can be the second tier. They are good for pouring, when it is necessary to cover too long and bare trunks of the "deserted" trees. But much more than lamers love solar clearing. Single Material Bushes with Widely Republiced \u200b\u200bBranches will completely replace the gazebo or become a shelter for shadow flower beds. Stack of eighty - such is the life of the plant, and abundant sheet oped The flavory will become a good organic dressing for any forest plants. Keep colored leisure in groups or one - the case of taste, in any case they look elegant.