It is difficult to disagree that when the star sky is coming across the eyes, and we carefully peer into the dots and lines forming the frame of the constellations, the question involuntarily occurs: and what story is behind each of them? Special interest cause zodiac constellations. However, it should be noted that the signs of the zodiac have nothing to do with the zodiacal constellations and are used only when drawing up horoscopes and in order to consider such zodiac constellations such as Aries, Lev, Cancer and Gemini, you will need a map of the star sky of the northern hemisphere, because that they are located exactly there. The time that the sun is in the constellation is lagging behind that we are accustomed to, almost a month. If the astrological year begins on March 21, the sun enters the constellation of Aries only on April 19.

What are the zodiac constellations?

Astronomers share the zodiac constellations on the northern, equatorial and southern. Northern is the constellation of Aries, Taurus, twins, cancer, lion. Southern called the constellation of scales, scorpion, firing, Capricorn, Aquarius. At the equator there are constellations of the Virgin and Fish. In order to see their location, you will need a star sky map like that you can see below.

Secrets of Aries, Taurus and Gemini

The history of many constellations is directly related to the myths of ancient Greece. Aries, according to the ancient Greek legend, was the very agricultural ram, in search of the skin of which was once sent to Jason and Argonauts. Taurus is the embodiment of the lubricent god-roster Zeus, who killed the daughter of Tsar Finika Europe and delivering it to the island of Crete. In there is the brightest star Aldebaran. Also, the map of the starry sky of the Northern Hemisphere shows that the zodiacal history is also located is also connected with the time of Jason and Argonauts. Myths tell us that the twins of Dioscury, Pollux and Castor are prototypes of this constellation.

What are the lion, Virgo and Cancer silent?

The constellation of cancer is also an interesting story that identifies it with the very cancer who spoke against Hercules when he fought with how the legend says, at the time when the rest of the animals helped the hero, he jumped out of the water and bitten him, but was crushed . However, the goddess of Hera, hated herakla, appreciated the act of cancer and turned it into the constellation. To everyone who falls on the eye map of the starry sky, the magnificent lion located next to the cancer, which is also among the zodiacal constellations. As an ancient story says, he also did not cost without an ancient Greek hero of Hercules, who defeated the Nemoy Lion, who personifies in the sky this accumulation of stars. No less interesting and the constellation of the Virgin, if only because neither historians nor the ancient Greeks themselves could decide who it should represent. Nevertheless, it is believed that the ancient Greek goddess of Demeter's fertility appears in the form of a virgin, the mother of Persephone, the wife of the god of the underground kingdom of Aida.

History of scales, scorpion, Sagittarius

The constellation of the scales was imposed as an independent education from heavenly luminaries rather late, and for a long time he was called no other than the tongue of scorpion. Now he is considered an incidental attribute of the femis, the blind goddess of justice. And Scorpion, from which the scales separated, is, according to the story of the myth, the killer of the Hunter Orion, who sent the Goddess of Artemis after a quarrel to him. That is why both these constellations - Orion and Scorpio - are not together in the sky. When scorpion appears, Orion disappears. The movable map of the starry sky very well demonstrates this is the most interesting phenomenon. Sagittarius, a neighbor of scorpion, is depicted in the form of a centaur, no accurate data on the origin of which is unknown. According to one data, his name was meme. Other sources say that it was Hiron - the inventor of the Globe for the Travel of Argonauts for the Golden Room.

What hide Capricorn, Aquarius and Fish?

Capricorn's constellation stores a lot of secrets, as well as the star of the starry sky itself. In ancient times, this creation was called "fish-goat" because of his fish tail instead of the rear hooves. The version is distributed that this fourth of the Zeus goat Amalfa. Aquarius, located next to her, got several roles at once: This is Ganymed, the young man and Vinolrypius originally from Troy, Gengoron and the Old Attalist King Kecrope. The last of personifies the goddess of love by Aphrodite and her son Erota, who flew to Egypt from Cranki Typhon.

It's amazing, but, as you can see, for each of the 12 zodiac constellations there is a story and and when you fall on the eyes of a star sky with constellations next time, it will not be considered as a collection of beautiful pictures. And all because now you know what is behind each of these star clusters.

From the observations of the starry sky, the ancient scientists have determined that there are four main stars regulil, Aldebaran, Antares, Fomalgaut, who give the key to the Sphynx (Egypt).

Constellation and Stars - Sphinx - Elements:

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1. Lion - Regul (North) - Lion Body - Fire

2. Taurus - Aldebaran (East) - Bull Feet - Earth

3. SCORPION - Antares (West) - Eagle Wings - Water

4. Aquarius - Fomalgaut (South) - Human Head - Air

These stars are considered the guards of the sky. They are located in such a way that if they mentally spend straight lines through them, then the cross will turn out. The countdown goes from the star Fomalgaut.

Full turnover of the land axis (precession) commits for ~ 26,000 years (the year of Plato).

History (according to Blavat, etc.):

24,000 years ago, the dot of the spring equinox t. Aries was in conjunction with the Fomalgaut star. There are 5 main human races. Then the civilization of the Continent of the Arctic was existed, whichlaid the foundations of a white race and gave the activities of the Avesta.

18,000 years ago, the Aries was in conjunction with the star Antares.

The Arctic disappeared in the waters of the Arctic Ocean, climate change occurred. All civilizations there were in harsh survival or death. In the best conditions turned out to be a red race, whichgave civilization in Atlantis.

11,000 years ago, the Aries was in conjunction with the star regult. Civilization of Atlantov after the highest heyday she went to degeneracy (cataclysms). There was a global flood. The world returned to primitivelevel.

5,000 years ago, the Aries was in conjunction with the Aldebaran star. This created our world. Our civilization she lives 5,000 years old and live 2,000 years old, so that T. is not coincides with the Fomalgaut star. On thisthe turn of mankind will end.

Constellations - Starry Sky sites allocated for the convenience of orientation on the heavenly sphere and the designation of stars. All sky is divided into 88 constellations. They carry the names of mythical heroes (eg, Hercules, Perseus), animals (lion, giraffe), items (scales, lira), etc.

Stars in constellations

Stars - glowing gas (plasma) balls like the sun. Food from the gas-dust medium (mainly of hydrogen and helium) as a result of gravitational instability. Upon reaching the depths of high density and temperature (about 10-12 million k), the thermalide reactions of the synthesis of elements begin - the main source of energy of most stars.

Stars are classified by luminosity, mass, surface temperature, chemical composition, spectrum features.

At certain stages of Star Evolution, a number of stars passes through the stage of nonstationary. Depending on the mass of the star at the end of evolution, they become either white dwarfs or neutron stars or black holes.

Modern borders of constellations

List of constellations

International Astronomical Union 88 constellations were officially recognized [of which about 54 are seen in Russia]. The table also shows the Latin names in the nominative and parental cases, official cuts, the area in square degrees and the number of stars brighter 6.0M. For ease of use, the sorting is turned on by any parameter..

Andromeda	Andromeda.	Andromedae.	And.
Twins	Gemini.	Geminorum.	Gem.
Big Dipper	Ursa Major.	Ursae Majoris.	Uma.
Big dog	Canis major	Canis Majoris	CMA.
Libra	Libra.	Librae.	Lib
Aquarius	Aquarius.	Aquarii.	AQR.
Auriga	Auriga.	Aurigae.	AUR
Wolf	Lupus.	Lupi	Lup.
Bootes	Bootes.	Bootis	Boo
Veronica's hair	COMA BERENICES	Comae Berenices.	Com.
Voron	Corvus.	Corvi.	CRV.
Hercules	Hercules.	Herculis.	HER.
Hydra	Hydra.	Hydrae.	HYA.
Dove	Columba.	Columbae.	Col
Hounds of dogs	Canes Venatici.	Canum venaticorum	CVN.
Virgo	Virgo.	Virginis.	Vir.
Dolphin	Delphinus.	Delphini.	Del.
The Dragon	Draco.	Draconis	DRA
Unicorn	Monoceros.	Monocerotis	MON.
Altar	Ara	Arae.	Ara
Painter	Pictor	Pictoris.	PIC
Giraffe	Camelopardalis	Camelopardalis	Cam
Crane	Grus.	Gruis.	Gru
Hare	Lepus.	Leporis	LEP.
Stemosets	Ophiuchus.	Ophiuchi.	Oph.
Snake	Serpane	Serpentis	Ser.	637
Golden fish	Dorado.	Doradus.	Dor.
Indian	Indus	Indi	Ind
Cassiopeia	Cassiopeia.	Cassiopeiae.	Cas.
Keel	Carina.	Carinae.	Car
Whale	Cetus.	Ceti.	Cet.
Capricorn	Capricornus.	Capricorni.	Cap
Compass	Pyxis.	Pyxidis.	PYX.
Stern	Puppis	Puppis	Pup.
Swan	Cygnus.	Cygni.	Cyg.
a lion	LEO.	Leonis	LEO.
Flying fish	Volns.	Volantis	Vol.
Lira	Lyra.	Lyrae.	Lyr.
Lisuk	Vulpecula.	Vulpeculae.	Vul
Ursa Minor	Ursa Minor	Ursae minoris	UMI
Small horse	Equuleus.	Equulei.	Equ.
Small Lev.	Leo Minor	Leonis Minoris	LMI
Small dog	Canis minor	Canis minoris	CMI
Microscope	Microscopium.	Microscopii.	MIC
Fly	Musca.	Muscae.	Mus.
Pump	Antlia	Antliae.	Ant.
Nagolnik	Norma.	Normae.	NOR.
Aries	Aries.	ARIETIS.	ARI
Octant	Octans.	Octantis	Oct.
Eagle	Aquila	Aquilae.	AQL
Orion	Orion.	Orionis	Ori.
Peacock	PAVO.	Pavonis	Pav
Sail	Vela	Velorum.	Vel
Pegasus	Pegasus.	Pegasi.	Peg.
Perseus	Perseus.	Persei.	Per.
Bake	Fornax	Fornacis	For
Bird of paradise	APUS.	Apodis	APS
Cancer	Cancer.	Cancri	CNC.
Cutter	Caylum	Caeli.	Cae.
Fish	Pisces.	Piscium.	PSC
Lynx	Lynx	Lyncis
Northern Crown	Corona Borealis.	Coronae Borealis.	CRB.
Sextant	Sextans.	Sextantis	Sex
Grid	Reticulum.	Reticuli.	RET.
Scorpio	Scorpius.	Scorpii.	SCO.
Sculptor	Sculptor	Sculptoris	SCL.
Dining Mount	Mensa.	Mensae.	MEN.
Arrow	Sagitta.	Sagittae.	SGE
Sagittarius	Sagittarius.	Sagittarii.	SGR.
Telescope	Telescopium.	Telescopii.	TEL.
calf	Taurus.	Tauri.	Tau.
Triangle	Triangulum.	Trianguli.	TRI
Toucan	Tucana.	Tucanae.	TUC
Phoenix	Phoenix.	Phoenicis.	Phe.
Chameleon	Chamaeleon.	Chamaeleontis	Cha.
Centaur (Centaur)	Centaurus.	Centauri.	Cen.
Cefi	Cepheus.	Cephei.	Cep.
Compass	Circinus.	Circini.	Cir.
Clock	Horologium.	Horologii.	HOR.
Bowl	Crater	Crateris	CRT
Shield	Scutum	Scuti.	SCT
Eridan	Eridanus.	Eridani.	ERI
South Hydra	Hydrus.	Hydri.	HYI.
South Crown	Corona australis	Coronae australis	CRA
South Fish	Piscis austrinus.	Piscis Austrini.	PSA.
South Cross	Crux.	Crucis	Cru.
Southern Triangle	Triangulum Australe.	TRIGULI AUSTRALIS	TRA
Lizard	Lacerta.	Lacertae.	LAC

On star maps, the most bright stars in the constellation are marked with Greek letters with the addition of the Constellation name, less bright - Latin letters and numbers. The boundaries of constellations take place, as a rule, along the heavenly parallels and decopter circles.

there are 21 numbers of the northern sky and 360 stars.

1. The first figure is a small naughty (WHO), it consists of 7 stars.

2. The second is a big bear, it makes up 17 stars.

3. Third - dragon, in it 13 stars.

4. Fourth-protective (fiery figure), it is 11 stars.

5. Pythy-Walf (barking dog) in it 22 stars.

6. Sixth - North Corona, it consists of 8 stars.

7. Seventh - Hercules (crankshaft), contains 28 stars.

8. Eighth - Lira (falling eagle). There are 10 stars in it.

9. Ninth - Swan (chicken), has 17 stars.

10. Tenth - Cassiopeia (figure, squeezing in the saddle), it compare 13 stars.

11. Eleventh-Perseus (a figure with a head of the devil), in it 26 stars.

12. The twelfth is the ardent (shepherd with a bridle in his hands), consists of 14 stars.

13. The thirteenth is a snakers (a figure with a beast), contains 24 stars.

14. Fourteenth - Snake (Beast), in it 18 stars.

15. Fifteenth - Arrow (Devil). Consists of 5 stars.

16. Sixteenth-out (flying eagle), in it 9 stars.

17. Seventeenth-Dolphin (Seven Fish), it makes 10 stars.

18. The Eighteenth Horse (Horse Head), consists of 4 stars.

19. Nineteenth - Pegasus (winged horse), in it 20 stars.

20. Twentieth - Andromeda (woman without a husband), it makes up 13 stars.

21. Twenty-first triangle, 4 stars in it.

There are 15 figures of the southern sky and 316 stars.

1. First figure - whale (sea lion). Some are called this Bear figure, it consists of 22 stars.

2. The second - Orion (strong dog), in it 38 stars.

3. Third - Eridan (River), contains 34 stars.

4. Fourth - hare, in it 13 stars.

5. Fifth - a big dog, consists of 18 stars.

6. Sixth - Small dog, 2 stars in it.

7. Seventh - Argo (ship), consists of 45 stars.

8. Eighth - Hydra (Beast), contains 25 stars.

9. Ninth - Bowl (Cup), in it 7 stars.

10. Tenth - Raven, in it 7 stars.

11. The eleventh figure of the Centaur (the figure depicts the semi-loss semi-loss), consists of 36 stars.

12. Twelfth - Wolf (Leopard), 5 stars.

13. Thirteenth - altar (brazier), 7 stars in it.

14. Fourteenth - South (Crown), contains 23 stars.

15. Fifteenth - South Fish, in it 11 stars.

In total - 38 figures and 1022 stars.

346 stars are located in 12 zodiac constellations:

• in Aries - 13 stars;
• in Taurus - 33;
• in the twins - 18;
• in cancer - 9;
• in Lev - 27;
• in Virgo - 26;
• in scales - 8;
• in scorpion - 32;
• in Sagittarius - 31;
• in Capricorn - 28;
• in Aquarius - 42
• in fish - 34.

Extracts from Lea lecture and Alexander Imshiragich "On Stars", held in St. Petersburg. (Alexander Imshiragich is a famous Serbian astrologer, director of a large astrological school in Belgrade, author of books on natal, karmic and synastrical astrology, degree and Arabic points).

The meaning of such - if the planets in your horoscope coincide with the star position - the situation from the legend can be repeated in your destiny.

For more information, read the book by Alexander Weshiragich "On Stars."

Stars

To better understand the characteristics of the stars - you need to watch the stories of the constellations to which they belong. Star data for 1.01.2000g.

1) Aldebaran (Constellation of Taurus) - the guard of the East.

α - Aldebaran 9g.47min twins (left eye watching us)

Aldebaran (East - 9g.47min twins) and Antares (West - 9g.48Leller) - stand in confrontation.

Therefore, both sides immediately turn on.

2) Rigel (Constellation Orion) Orion - a person takes care of himself, wants to be everywhere the very first, most important.

β - Rigel 16g.50min. Gemini - Left Foot

3) Betelgeuse (Constellation Orion).

α - Betelgeuse - 28gr.45min. Twin-right shoulder - athletes

"+" - eternal glory, many years of success

"-" - the danger of lightning strike, violent death

4) Sirius (constellation - a big dog) - stands on guard. These are signal systems, everything that warns (alarm apartments, cars, offices). In life - a big outstanding person who has a patronage. All stars of big dogs are associated with dogs, or problems with them; with large masses of something. Litled to Saturn if Jupiter is on this star - winnings, thanks to dogs.

5) Konopus (Constellation - Kiel (Argo) - 1st ship in the history of mankind. Symbolizes a long path, traveling, trips. King Pelia (Son Poseidon) sent Jason (Son of Aason (Eson - Pelia Summary)) on Argo For the golden rune and the king promised Jason to marry his daughter and the kingdom. The king took the golden fleece and refused to give the kingdom and daughter. Without heroes, Jason could not get a fleece. Medea helped, but he was very helpful for her left and left in

loneliness. She ruined his family, and Jason in old age alone died near his former Argo ship.

15g. Cancer - Exaltation Jupiter - gives long journey. A person can find something new on our planet.

Moral: a person can love much, but also jealous. And revenge.

If in these degrees Mars, Saturn - a history of Sirius is a connection with protection, patronage or dogs.

If Venus, Jupiter - a story on canopus - travel.

6) Pollux (Constellation - Gemini).

β - Pollux 23g.13min. Cancec

7) PERSON (constellation - small dog)

α - priest - less than at Sirius. Man is not very significant and important.

8 Regult (Constellation of Leo) - the guard of the North.

REGULUS - Lion's heart, it is designated as a king or a very high title. α - Regult 29gr.50min. Lion (sign transition to another 20Gp.12min. Virgin - gives a very large and significant event). Lion - Kingdom, Virgo - Workers.

History about Hercules (1st feat) - Nemoye Lion. Hercules needed to cope with the main problem. Hercules defeated Leo with the help of tricks and dexterity (poured one way out of the cave, arrived at the back and killed). But at the end of the story, the collapse is possible - the lion was invincible. If the planets are damaged from Saturn, Pluto - Cave, where the lion was killed. From Saturn, Pluto, Neptune and

12th - the story may repeat.

Indicates - the gold medal at the athlete (with good aspects). Getting the most important, main place. At the same time, the sun should not be damaged, otherwise failure.

9) Specker (constellation - Virgin) - Southern Hemisphere.

α - Speaker 23g.50min. Weighs

History of Ikaria and his daughter Erigon. Dionysus presented a grape vines and he was the first in the attic spread grapes. Somehow went to the god of the wine hand and became the leaves. Ikarius, called, took the skin from the goat and forced everyone to dance around her. Once he gave wine shepherds. And they are not knowing that inxicanes fell asleep. Their friends thought that Ikarius killed them - and killed him. The body was crushed in the mountains (or lowered the well). Dying, Ikarius realized the connection of actions and consequences (he took off the skin from the goat and died too

forced death) and, I realized that we need to carefully treat trifles. Erigon's daughter was looking for a father for a long time and found the Mayry with the help of a dog. Erigon's bitterness hanged himself and the dog died near her. Before the death of Erigon, imposed curses that there would be suicide of young girls.

Until they find and not punish the killers of her father. Since then, they are burning in the sky in the form of constellations - Vascha, Virgo and a big dog.

Moral: Our actions lead us to consequences. Any tragedy in life begins with the children.

10) Arctic (Constellation - Vascha) - Northern Hemisphere.

α - Arctic 24g.14min. Weighs

The story of Callisto and Arcade. (See the history of the Constellation Vascha).

Moral: a man is trying, from ignorance and ignorance, destroy their roots. "Not remembered

Thomas "- does not know the genus, even if he knows - no intimacy. We should not see the enemy in another person. The son wanted to kill the mother, not realizing that the situation was so bad, and he himself aggravates her.

In urban conditions there are many single athletes. Outstanding single athletes in front of the eyes there is one - who needs to beat to become better. For this you need a victory over the enemy. You need to look carefully - when the spice acts, and when Arkurhur (history).

11) AKRAS (constellation - southern cross). We have no southern hemisphere. GD is seen 30gr.

Associated with esoteric sciences, consciousness. Good for astrologers, all that is associated with nature and esoteric.

11gr.52min. Scorpio - exaltation of uranium.

12) Agenya (Constellation - Centaur (Centaur)

β - Ageny 23g.488. Scorpion

... 29g.29min. Scorpion

α -toliman

Semi-hearth-demigods - Centaur. They are bold, rough, rape women. An exception is chiron. (See the Constellation of Centaurus). Another story. What centaurs took the wine from Hercules and he rushed behind them. Chiron was wise and. To save a friend, gave him poison for arrows. And by chance, Arrow Hercules hit Hiron. Chiron was very sidewrd from the disease, looking for a medicine. To cure, but nothing helped. Prometheus also suffered from an eagle, holding the liver. And then Chiron asked Zeus to be deprived of his life in the name of Prometheus, i.e. I gave my life to the promoter. Zeus agreed.

Moral: It is impossible to wrap your knowledge in evil. Your friend can harm you.

Stars of this constellation give the ability to create medicines, but this should not turn into harm to others, even enemies. At a higher level - there is help people.

13) Antares (Constellation - Scorpio) - West Guard.

(Ant - against. Ares - War).

α - Antares 9g.46min. Sagittarius

Responsible for affairs, good luck, travel to the west. The negative may cause custom murder, killing from jealousy, evil eye.

14) Vega (constellation - Lira).

α - Vega 15g.19min. Capricorn.

History about Orpheus. (See the story of the constellation Lyra).

Moral: Vega and Lira are responsible for artistic inclination and ability to science. Orpheus with the game helped nature. She gives a tendency to research. Vega dults the emotional sphere (not good for love and family relationship), but very good for science.

15) Altair (Constellation - Eagle)

α - Altair 1g.47min. Capricorn.

(See the history of the constellation Eagle).

The eagle raised the Ganameda sweeping, to Zeus, but there is a function - steal and carry, arrange violence against the will of another (Kleval liver at Prometheus 300 years).

This star is associated with flights (aircraft). The possibility of stealing something (theft of people, children).

16) Fomalgaut (constellation - South Fish) - South guard.

α - Fomalgaut 0G.52min. Fish

Says about the genus. God Sat killed Osiris's God - dismembered him and scattered in pieces. A piece fell into the mouth of South Fish. Therefore, she carries something unusual, gifted, talented, some abilities (from God inside).

This is the ability to work, especially artistic.

17) Denhead (Constellation - Swan)

α - DENEB 15G.20min. Fish - Tail

Zeus was a swan when he was seduced by Nemoxide (Led) and beautiful Elena was born. (See the story of the Swan Constellation).

18) Ahernar (constellation - Eridan) - the end of the raising river

α - AhernNAR 15G.19min. Fish

Constellation is associated with Phaeton (son of God Helios). He was small. Nekazy. And no one believed. That he is the son of Helios. He asked the Father to give him his chariot to ride. Father did not want to give, but in the end agreed. Faeton sat in the chariot, where there were 5 horses, and they suffered him very close to the ground. On the ground began to burn everything. Faeton could not control the chariot and slightly burned the earth.

Helios had to remove Phaeton, and he failed him into the underground river. And the place where horses burned the land is now sugar. River Eridan is now the river software. Nature constellation negative - Saturn.

The exception has the nature of the Ahern River - this is Jupiter - nature, end of the river. End of a difficult situation.

Moral: End of a severe genetic situation. Passed blood river, where everything ends.

If the star is on man - he is last in the family. T. K. Karma kind ends. He often takes over the whole situation and karma genus no longer exists. This is the place of the river. Where the river goes into the ocean. Neva goes to the ocean.

19) Shedar (Cassiopeia Constellation). This is the conservation of Mars. If there are women's planets - can be from Cassiopeia. You need to see the story. They can betray, fall from height (gella), especially the betrayal of a friend.

20) Hamal (Aries Constellation)

α - Hamal 7g.40min. Taurus - Head

Military organizations, strong people. (See the history of the constellation Aries).

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Tags: Star sky map, information about stars, constellation and stars, modern boundaries, sections of constellations

It is believed that the Days of the Stars are not visible. However, from the top of Mount Ararat (height 5,000 m), bright stars differ well even at noon. The sky is dark blue there. In a telescope with a lens diameter of 70 mm, you can see bright stars even with flat terrain. But still the stars are best observed at night, when the dazzling light of the sun does not interfere.

Starry sky is one of the most beautiful spectacles that exist in nature. On all the sky, about 6,000 stars can be seen with the unarmed eye (At the same time over the horizon about 3,000).

Since more antiquity, people mentally united the most visible stars in the figures and called them constellations. The myths and legends associated with constellations. Today, the constellation is called a starry sky area with conventional boundarieswhich includes not only stars, but also other objects - nebulae, galaxies, clusters. ABOUT bestes that are included in this or that constellations are not connected with each other.because there are, firstly, from the ground at different distances, and secondly, the boundaries of constellations are conditional, i.e. At any time, it is subject to change.

Today, 88 constellations are allocated on the Star Sky.

The Latin Constellations also adopted. All Star Sky Atlas, manufactured abroad, contain the Latin Constellations.

Constellations can be divided into three large groups: human (Aquarius, Cassiopeia, Orion ...), animals (hare, swan, whale ...) and subject (scales, microscope, shield ...). For better memorization of constellations noticeable stars in them typically connect lines to polygons or bizarre figures. Below are: big bear, vasal, virgin and lion.

Since constellations are plots, it means they have an area. Square constellations are different. The largest area is hydra. In second place - Virgo. On the third - a big bear. The smallest constellation is the Southern Cross (in our latitudes it is not visible).

Constellations vary and the number of bright stars. Most of all bright stars in Orion.

Bright stars of constellations have their own names (as a rule, invented by Arab and Greek astronomers). For example, the brightest star in the constellation Lyra - Vega, in the Constellation of the Swan - Denb, in the constellation Eagle - Altair. Remember the names of the stars bucket Big Malar:

Stars in constellations also have designations. The letters of the Greek alphabet are used to designate:

α - alpha.

β - beta

Γ - Gamma

Δ - Delta

ε - Epsilon

ζ - Dzeta

η - this

etc. It is worth remembering the designation and pronunciation of at least seven of the first Greek letters. This is how the stars of the bucket of a big bear are denoted:

Usually the brightest star in the constellation is denoted by the letter α (alpha). But not always. There are other stars designation systems.

From ancient times, star maps were compiled. Usually they were depicted not only stars, but also pictures of animals, people and items that constellations were contacted. Since there was no order in the name and number of constellations, star maps differed. It turned out to be the fact that various astronomers tried to introduce their constellations (in a new way of conducting contours of constellations). For example, in 1798, Astronon Laland offered the constellation a balloon. In 1679, Galley introduced the constellation of Karl's oak. There were still many other exotic names (the Singness of the Cat, the Cat, the regalia of Friedrich, etc.). Only in 1922, the conditional boundaries of constellations were finally carried out, their number and names were fixed.

For practical purposes, today is used by a movable star of the starry sky, consisting of a starry sky card and an overhead circle with a cut-out oval. Here is the map:

Stars are indicated by circles of various sizes. The more the circle, the more bright star it depicts. On star maps, double, variable stars, galaxies, nebulae, star clusters are also celebrated.

Starry sky slowly rotates. The reason is the rotation of the earth around its axis. The Earth rotates from the West to the East, and the starry sky, on the contrary, from the east to the west. Therefore, stars, planets and luminaries are torn in the eastern side of the horizon, but they come in Western. This movement is called daily rotation. It should be noted that the constellation during daily rotation retain their relative location. Starry sky rotates as a whole, like a huge celestial sphere. The Earth makes one turn around its axis towards the stars in 23 hours 56 minutes 04 seconds. This period is called starred Day. Every 23 hours 56 minutes 04 seconds, the view of the star sky is repeated.

But this does not mean that if the earth does not rotate around its axis, the sky will remain motionless. The look of the starry sky is influenced by the movement of the earth around the sun. If the land did not rotate, the view of the star sky would still slowly changed throughout the year. This phenomenon is called annual change in the type of starry sky. We can observe that the in the fall is visible best of all constellations, in the winter - others, etc.

Constellations can be conditionally divided by season of year on autumn, winter, spring and summer. But this does not mean that in the fall you can see only autumn constellations. Summer constellations are dominated by the early autumn evening in the sky. Over time, they are leaning to the West, autumn constellations rise. In the morning, winter constellations are perfectly visible.

The view of the starry sky depends on the latitude of the observation location. On the poles of the Earth, the starry sky rotates so that no star rises and does not go. When moving to the equator, the number of ascending and setting stars increases. In medium latitudes, there are both the rising-setting stars and non-coming and never ascending. For example,in the average latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere of the Earththe constellation is large and small bear, Cassiopeias never go down the horizon. But the constellations of the Southern Cross, the crane, the altar, will never be upset. On the earthly equator, all stars come up and enter. If it were not bothering daylight, all 88 constellations could be seen for one day.

Constellations help when on-site orientation. It is especially useful to learn how to find the side of the horizon on the polar star, as it almost does not change its position in the sky. Find a polar star The easiest thing about the bucket from the constellation is a big bear (if you are accurate, then the line passes a little left of the polar star):

The polar star is always hanging above the point of the North. If you get up to her back, then the south will be ahead, on the left, and on the right - west.

Some people think that the polar star is the brightest star on the starry sky. But it is not. The most bright is Sirius from the constellation of Big Psa. The polar is the main navigation star.

To measure visible distances between the stars and also the diameters of the planets, the sun and the moon, the visible dimensions of the nebulae and galaxies apply the angular measure. 1 angular degree contains 60 angular minutes, and 1 angular minute contains 60 angular seconds. The diameters of the discs of the Sun and the Moon are about equal to 0.5º.

Constellations are plots of starry sky. To better navigate in the starry sky, the ancients began to highlight the stars that could be associated with separate figures, similar objects, mythological characters and animals. Such a system allowed people to organize the night sky, making each site easily recognizable. It simplified the study of heavenly bodies, helped to measure time, apply astronomical knowledge in agriculture and navigate the stars. Stars that we see in our sky as if on one site, can actually be extremely far from each other. In one constellation, non-related stars can be in any way as very close and very far from the ground.

There are 88 official constellations. In 1922, the International Astronomical Union was officially recognized by 88 constellations, 48 \u200b\u200bof which were described by another ancient Greek astronomer Ptolem in his star catalog "Almagest" about 150 g. BC. In the cards of Ptolemy there were spaces, especially this concerned the southern sky. That is quite logical - the constellations described by Ptolem, covered the part of the night sky, which is visible from the south of Europe. The rest of the lacques began to be filled into the times of great geographical discoveries. In the XIV century, Dutch scientists Gerard Mercator, Peter Cayer and Frederick de Hautman added to the existing list of new constellations, and the Polish astronomer Yang Gevelii and the French Nicola Louis de Lakail were completed by Ptolem. On the territory of Russia from 88 and constellations can be observed about 54.

Knowledge of constellations came to us from ancient cultures. Ptolemy made a star of the starry sky, but the knowledge of the constellations people used long before that. At least in the VIII B to AD, when Homer in his poems "Iliad" and "Odyssey" mentioned Volopasa, Orion and a big naughty, people have already grown the sky into separate figures. It is believed that the main array of knowledge of the ancient Greeks on constellations came to them from the Egyptians, which, in turn, inherited them from the inhabitants of the ancient Babylon, Sumerians or Ackadov. About thirty constellations were highlighted by the residents of the late Bronze Age, in 1650-1050. BC, judging by entries on clay signs of ancient Mesopotamia. Signing to constellations can be found in the Hebrew biblical texts. The most remarkable constellation is perhaps the Constellation of Orion: In almost every ancient culture, it had its name and revered as special. So, in ancient Egypt, he was considered the embodiment of Osiris, and in the ancient Babylon called "the faithful shepherd of heaven." But the most amazing discovery was made in 1972: a piece of ivory mammoth was found in Germany, more than 32 thousand years old, at which the Constellation of Orion was cut out.

We see various constellations depending on the time of year. During the year, our eyes appear different parts of the sky (and different celestial bodies, respectively), because the Earth makes its annual warri around around the Sun. Constellations that we see at night, these are those located behind the earth on our side of the Sun, because In the afternoon, behind the bright rays of the sun, we are unable to see them.

To better understand how it works, imagine that you ride the carousel (this is the Earth), from the center of which it comes very bright, blinding light (sun). You will not be able to see what is opposite you because of the light, and you can distinguish only what is outside the carousel. In this case, the picture will constantly change because you ride in a circle. What kind of constellation you are watching in the sky and at what time of year they appear, also depends on the geographical latitude of the watching.

Constellations travel from east to west, like the sun. As soon as the first constellations appear in the eastern part of the sky, the first constellations appear in the eastern sky to go throughout the sky and disappear with the dawn in the western part. Because of the rotation of the Earth around its axis, the impression is that constellations, like the sun, go go up and enter. The constellations that we have just observed on the Western Horizon immediately after sunset, will soon disappear from our field of view so that they are replaced by the constellations that were above during the sunset just a few weeks ago.

Constellations arising in the East have a daily shift about 1 degree per day: the completion of a 360-degree trip around the Sun for 365 days gives approximately the same speed. Exactly one year later, at the same time, the stars will take exactly the same position in the sky.

The movement of stars is an illusion and question of perspective. The direction in which the stars move along the night sky is due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis and does indeed depend on the perspective and on which direction the face is facing.

Looking north, constellation seems to be moving counterclockwise, around the stationary point of the night sky, the so-called North Pole of the world, located near the polar star. Such perception is due to the fact that the Earth rotates from the west to the East, that is, the land under your legs moves to the right, and the stars, like the sun, the moon and the planet, follow the direction of East-West, i.e. on the right left. However, if you turn to face south, the stars will move as if clockwise, from left to right.

Zodiacal constellations - These are those through which the sun moves. The most famous constellations from 88 and existing - zodiacal. These include those through which the center of the Sun goes over the year. It is believed that there are 12 zodiac constellations in total, although in fact they are 13: From November 30 to December 17, the Sun is in the constellation of the serpentian, but its astrologers do not count it to the zodiacal. All zodiac constellations are located along the visible annual way of the Sun among the stars, ecliptic, tilting 23.5 degrees to the equator.

Some constellations have families - These are groups of constellations located in the same area of \u200b\u200bthe night sky. As a rule, they assign the names of the most significant constellation. The most "large" is the constellation of Hercules, which has as many as 19 constellations. Other major families include a big bear (10 constellations), Perseus (9) and Orion (9).

Celebrity constellations. The largest constellation is a hydra, it extends more than 3% of the night sky, while the smallest area, the southern cross, takes only 0.165% of the sky. Centaurus boasts the highest amount of visible stars: 101 star enters the famous South Hemisphere Constellation. In the constellation of Big PSA, the brightest star of our sky, Sirius, the brillia of which is equal to -1.46m. But the constellation called the Mountain Mountain is considered the most dull and does not contain stars brighter than the 5th stellar magnitude. Recall, in the numerical characteristic of the brightness of the celestial bodies, the less value, the brighter object (the brightness of the Sun, for example, is -26.7M).

Asterism - This is not a constellation. Asterism is called a group of stars with a well-established name, for example, the "Big Bucket", which is included in the constellation a large bear, or the "Orion belt" - three stars encircling the figure of Orion in the constellation of the same name. In other words, these are fragments of constellations that secured a separate name. The term itself is not strictly scientific, rather simply representing the tribute to tradition.

The virtual guide to the starry sky, allowing to travel almost as in the present spacecraft, but without restrictions in time and space, and also learn a lot about the device of the Universe.

Previously, children dreamed of being pilots and astronauts. But a formidable perestroika aunt came, and they, revising their views, decided to become businessmen and managers :) However, children's dreams still remained somewhere at the very bottom of consciousness (or subconscious) ...

Looking at the starry sky, we involuntarily admire all the magnificence of the universe, and sometimes they regret that they exchange their children's dreams to a more prose-free way of existence.

But ... if you are still insurmountable pulling to the stars, you can easily make, albeit a virtual, but quite realistic journey through your neighbor and far space. To do this, you just have only a computer and the relevant program.

The range of applications of this type is not particularly wide, but almost all of them have the status of free, so you can choose from what. In my opinion, for free travel through the universe it is more correct to stop your choice on the program. Celestia..

It allows you to fully consider not only our solar system, but also remote stars, as well as nebulae and even galaxies! Similar functionality offers us a paid Pocket Stars program:

Comparison of the Free Celestia Star Sky Card with a paid counterpart Pocket Stars

Despite the fact that the Pocket Stars introduced support for the 3D-mode observation mode, it so far clearly displaces the quality of textures or for the convenience of working with it to the Celestia level.

In addition, the paid analogue does not have a support system for third-party plug-ins that could significantly speed up the improvement in the detail of the display of celestial bodies. Therefore, Celestia so far in all parameters is much ahead of its competitors.

Installing Celestia

To set the program, it will be enough to open the downloaded archive and start the installer. Despite its English-language, I think there will be no problems with the installation, since the whole process is practically reduced to confirm all the forms proposed by the application. Upon completion of the installation process, the program will be launched:

During the loading of Celestia will demonstrate to us at the beginning of our sun, and then clarishes the image on the ground. On this download ends, and we can begin direct work with the program.

Demo video program

For a better understanding of the purpose and capabilities of the application, I would advise you at the beginning to launch a demonstration roller. To do this, go to the Help menu and activate the "Start Demo Script" item:

In the demo video, we will see that with the help of Celestia you can watch any planets of the solar system, stars or even our entire galaxy! Upon completion of the script, we will return to the initial position, that is, back to the ground.

View Settings

Before you start working with the program, it will not be superfluous to go into its settings and adjust them "for yourself." To do this, call the View menu and open the View Settings item:

Here we can activate the display of those components that we need, and remove extra. For example, we can enable the display of constellations in the corresponding section by checking the "Figures" checkbox. A, removing a tick from the item "Latin's names", we get our usual Russian-speaking calls for constellations! In general, try and experiment;).

Management program

A couple of words about the management of the program. In fact, for this you can only use the mouse (although it is possible to work with "hot" keys). Climbing the left mouse button, we will get the ability to move the viewing window in a two-dimensional plane. For the three-dimensional movement, you need to hold the right key. With the same wheel, you can approach or delete from the selected viewpoint.

A single click of the left mouse button is used to highlight the desired object, and double - for centering views on the selected celestial body. The click of the right mouse calls the context menu:

Using this menu, we can get detailed information about the highlighted celestial object, put a label on it (to use as a guideline) and / or go to it.

When choosing a "Go", an animated virtual "flight" in outer space is launched, after which we can close the selected object.

At the same time, in the upper left corner, quite detailed information about the celestial body will be issued.

Navigation on starry sky

Now I propose to consider one of the most important menu of the Celestia program - Navigation. Here all items are divided into three categories. In the upper collected features that allow you to choose any celestial bodies and travel to them.

Guide

Interesting facts about different space objects (mostly solar system) can be learned from the "guidebook". By choosing a specific celestial body in the drop-down list, we will get the opportunity to read about it and if you wish to move to its observation.

If you "got lost" in the universe, it will help you to "choose the sun" (hot button "H") in the Universe. Highlight the sun after which you activate the "Go to the selected object" item or press the "G" button. Well, here we are at home :).

Also for moving in virtual space Celestia program it is convenient to use the "Navigation" menu items "Select an object" and "Go to the object". The first allows you to find the heavenly body by his name, while the second one except the object name can also use accurate coordinates for its search:

Moving in time

How to navigate through the Universe along with Celestia, we figured out, but the program allows you to easily overcome not only space, but also time! With it, we can simulate the location of the celestial bodies, both in the past and in the future. To do this, it is enough to go to the "Time" menu and select the "Time Setup" item:

In the window that opens, you need to go to the "Julian Date" window and with it to set the required point in time. For example, we can, without waiting for 2022, quietly observe the big parade of the planets;).

Installing add-ons

If you are seriously interested in astronomy, you will also appreciate the extensibility of Celestia. With the help of connected plugins, you can get, for example, a detailed drawing of the relief of remote planets, the display of nebulaes and even fantastic elements in the form of spacecraft and fictional planetary systems.

In this case, the installation of the supplement is reduced to a simple unpacking to the special "Extras" directory in the folder with the program.

Advantages and disadvantages

• good detail of outer space;
• convenient control;
• the ability to manage time;
• plugins support;
• many settings.

• there is no possibility to observe the sky from the surface of the Earth;
• in the basic version there are very few images of nebulae and galaxies.

conclusions

Celestia is useful to everyone who wants to learn more about the space around us. For example, at the school of teachers and students can use the program on astronomy lessons to observe the celestial bodies in real time.

With Celestia you will always be aware of all events in the sky. She will help you find out when one or another comet will be visible, or, where to look for the planet you want to observe in binoculars or telescope;).

Finally, the program will allow you to look into the most distant corners of our galaxy and see even distant to millions of light years of stars! In general, as the big wow, there are many all sorts of miracles in the sky! And to see them enough to install Celestia;)

P.S. It is allowed to freely copy and quote this article if you specify an open active reference to the source and maintaining the authorship of Ruslana TRADER.