Plant radishes in open ground in spring it is possible only in certain terms which depend on a number of factors. It is also important to follow the recommendations Lunar calendar since sowing seeds in auspicious days contributes to obtaining a rich harvest.

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What determines the timing of planting radishes in spring

Sowing time depends on several factors:

• from weather conditions and climate;
• from the radish variety;
• from the phase of the moon.

Weather conditions of the region

To choose the right sowing time, you need to focus not on the month in the calendar, but on the air temperature in the region:

• during the day it should be more than + 10 ° C;
• at night about + 5 ° C.

During this period, the soil is still wet, and the daylight hours are short. These are the most favorable conditions for seed germination, so they will sprout in a week.

If you plant radishes at temperatures below + 10 ° C, the emergence of seedlings will be slightly delayed, although it will not affect their yield. Late plantings will germinate in 3 days, but there is a chance of early shooters due to the heat and long daylight hours. This will significantly reduce the amount of harvest.

1. Moscow region and the Middle lane. It is better to plant a vegetable here from the third decade of March to the end of May.
2. In the Leningrad Region, the optimal dates will be the beginning of April - the third decade of May.
3. In the European part and Siberia, the root crop is sown no earlier than the beginning of May. In the Urals, this period can be shifted downward by 7–10 days.
4. In the southern regions of Russia, in Krasnodar, the Rostov region or in the Kuban, radishes are planted at the end of March.

Vegetable variety

The planting time of varieties is calculated based on weather conditions and ripening dates. The period of active growth of the vegetable should fall on a warm season, but before the onset of summer heat. Optimal conditions for root crop growth + 20 ° C.

There are 3 types of radish:

• early maturing;
• mid-season;
• late ripening.

WITH early varieties you can start harvesting fruits 3 weeks after germination, from medium - in a month, and a late-ripening vegetable ripens for about 40 days.

Recently, early ripening varieties have appeared, which give the first fruits as early as 18 days after germination. This is possible only when the necessary temperature conditions are created.

Early ripening varieties:

• 18 days;
• Alyoshka F1;
• Ultra Early Red.

White-tailed varieties (18 days, French breakfast) must not be planted too early. With a long stay of their seeds in cold ground, the fruits will be hollow.

Radish varieties 18 days Ultra early red radish Alyoshka F1 radish

To delight yourself with a vegetable rich in vitamins for a longer time, it is better to sow several varieties. The beds are planted every week, they warm one after another, extending the harvest period.

Early ripe radish

Of the early maturing varieties, they showed themselves well:

• Kitty Kitty;
• Cherry Bella;
• Zarya;
• Heat;
• French breakfast;
• Early Red;
• Premier.

These varieties can be planted from the third decade of March to April 5-6. The maximum landing time is April 10 (in case of bad weather conditions).

Auspicious days

The most suitable days for growing radishes in 2019 are:

• in March - from 20 to 23;
• in April - from 6 to 9, 20, as well as from 23 to 26;
• in May - 7,8,9,10, as well as the time from May 19, 20, 22, 23 and 24.

Unfavorable days

These days of 2019 are not suitable for planting radishes:

• in March - 2, 4, 13, 14, 16;
• in April - 1, 14, 15, 19;
• in May - 1, 2, 6, 14, 21, 30, 31.

Radish (Latin Raphanus sativus)- annual or biennial plants belonging to the group Sowing radish of the genus Radish of the Cabbage family, or Cruciferous. The name of the vegetable is radish from the Latin word radix, which means root. This is precocious garden culture, the leader among fast growing vegetables, it is very much in demand in spring, because at this time only radish contains live vitamins that are so necessary for the body after winter.

Planting and caring for radishes (in brief)

• Landing: sowing seeds in the ground - before winter or in spring, from late March to mid-April.
• Lighting: bright sunlight.
• The soil: loose, light soil of neutral or slightly alkaline reaction (5.5-7.0 pH).
• Predecessors: unwanted - any cruciferous crops. The good ones are potatoes, cucumbers, legumes. After the radish, it is best to grow tomatoes on the site.
• Watering: frequent and plentiful: in the usual spring with rains and thunderstorms - once a day, in the morning or after 17.00, but in abnormally hot and dry weather - both in the morning and in the evening. The soil on the site should be slightly moist at all times.
• Top dressing: when grown on scanty soils, fertilizing is applied twice, on rich ones - one. Complex mineral fertilizers are used.
• Reproduction: seed.
• Pests: cruciferous fleas and bears.
• Diseases: bacteriosis, keela, black leg.

Read more about growing radishes below.

Vegetable radish - description

The radish plant is grown in many countries. It is a root vegetable with a diameter of 2.5 cm, covered with a thin skin of red, pink or white-pink color with a sharp taste due to the mustard oil contained in its pulp. The radish vegetable is a long-day plant, for normal development it needs 13-hour daylight hours. But the growing season is short, so you can grow a radish root crop throughout the season, planting it literally every week.

Planting radishes in open ground

When to plant radishes in the ground

Radish seeds germinate at a temperature of 1-2 ºC, for normal development, the plant needs a temperature of 15-18 ºC, but no more, since too warm air with a lack of lighting (and at this time of the year the day is still short) only leads to the growth of tops, in while the root crop does not grow and coarsens. As soon as the soil thaws and warms up, the radish is planted in the ground. This usually occurs in mid-April, although in warm areas, early varieties of radishes are sown at the end of March.

Soil for radishes

Growing radishes from seeds begins with soil preparation. The area where you plant the radishes should be sunny at least in the first half of the day and closed from the wind. The optimal soil for radishes is a loose, light soil of a neutral or slightly acidic reaction, the pH of which is in the range of 5.5-7.0 units. Too acidic soils must be limed before planting radishes.

It is good to sow radishes on a plot intended for the future for growing tomatoes: you can sow radishes on it every week until May 20, collect a good harvest of root crops and at the same time prepare the soil on the plot for growing tomatoes. Heavy and cold soils or poor sandy loam, if you want to grow radishes in them, you will have to dig up with humus at the rate of 2-3 kg per m². The soil for radishes is not fertilized with fresh manure.

You can plant radishes in the area where potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, beans were previously grown, and in the area where turnips, radishes, turnips, daikon, watercress, cabbage and horseradish grew good harvest do not grow radish. It is advisable to change the place for radishes every year, so that each time it has predecessors from a different family.

For spring sowing, the site is prepared in the fall: they dig up the soil to the depth of a shovel bayonet with compost or humus - then in the spring, just before sowing, the digging depth with the simultaneous application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers can be no more than 20 cm.

How to plant radishes in open ground

Radish seeds are sown densely into grooves previously shed with water to a depth of 2 cm, observing a distance between rows of 15-20 cm.The grooves are covered with loose soil, then the surface is compacted, but not watered, but the area is covered with a layer of peat or humus 2 cm thick.On the night, after five o'clock in the evening and until the morning, the bed is covered with a film before the seeds germinate. The germination time depends on the weather. In good, dry and sunny weather, the seeds can germinate as early as 3-4 days.

At the development phase of the seedlings of the first leaf, they are thinned out, leaving a distance of 3-5 cm between the specimens.If you are a patient person, sow the seeds immediately at the specified distance so that you do not have to break through the seedlings later, because this procedure can damage the roots of the main seedlings, and they will develop worse, and as a result, their shooting may occur. At proper care growing radishes outdoors before harvesting lasts 20-30 days.

Planting radishes before winter

We told you about the timing of spring sowing, and the planting of two-year-old winter radish is carried out at the end of autumn. Planting of radishes in autumn is carried out after the beginning of frost - in mid or late November. For winter sowing not all varieties of radish are suitable, but varieties such as Yubileiny, Spartak, Mercado, Mayak, Carmen are able to germinate even at low temperatures. The preparation of the site for sowing is carried out at the end of summer: the soil is dug up and fertilized, adding half a bucket of humus or rotted compost to 1 m², 1 tablespoon each double superphosphate and potassium sulfate. After fertilization, the bed is covered with a film, pressing down its edges with stones or bricks so that the shelter is not blown away by the wind.

The autumn sowing procedure differs from the spring procedure in that in the fall the seeds are thrown into dry soil, and after the seeds are covered, the garden bed is mulched with dry soil or peat, the surface is compacted and the area is covered with snow if it has already fallen. What is the advantage of winter sowing? The fact that the harvest of the radish sown in the fall, you will receive next year two weeks earlier than the harvest of the radish sown next spring.

Radish care

How to grow radishes

Outdoor care for radishes consists in watering, weeding and loosening the row spacings. If you put a layer of mulch on the garden bed after sowing, maintenance will not be tedious, but try to complete all maintenance procedures on time.

Watering the radish

Radish is a moisture-loving culture, the optimum soil moisture for the normal development of its root crops should be about 80%, so you will have to water the site often, especially at first, otherwise the radish will be bitter. With insufficient watering, the plant shoots and roots do not develop. If watering is too frequent or heavy, the roots will crack. How to water a radish to achieve a good and high-quality harvest? If the spring is normal, with rains and thunderstorms, watering of radishes is carried out every day in the morning or after 17.00, but if the spring turns out to be dry, then the soil on the site will have to be moistened daily both in the morning and in the evening. It is especially necessary to strictly monitor the condition of the soil after the appearance of the first true leaf at the seedlings. Only on condition that the soil in the radish beds is always in a slightly damp state, you can grow juicy, tasty root crops.

Fertilizing radish

On poor soils, you need to feed radishes twice during the growing season, for radishes growing on rich soils, one feeding is enough. Try not to overdo it with the nitrogen component, because in this case, the radish will spend all its vitality on growing tops, and the roots will be elongated and oversaturated with nitrates. How to fertilize radishes, what fertilizers can be applied to the soil without the risk of nourishing root crops with substances hazardous to human health? Here is a recipe for a balanced mixture of fertilizers that will help radishes form a healthy and juicy root vegetable: compost and humus, in the amount necessary for your soil, 10 g each potash fertilizer and superphosphate, 10-15 g of nitrate, one and a half liters of ash. It is enough to apply only mineral fertilizers to the fertile soil.

Pests and diseases of radish

The main enemies of the radish are the cruciferous flea and the bear, the rest of the garden pests (aphids, wireworms, caterpillars) do not have time to greatly harm the radish due to its rapid growth. The cruciferous flea is dangerous for radishes on early stage its development, since it is capable of destroying barely hatched defenseless seedlings in the entire area in a few days. When the seedlings get stronger, the flea is no longer afraid of them. How to process radish, so that the cruciferous flea doesn't bother him? To scare away the insect from young green leaves, the tops are sprayed with a solution wood ash: 2 glasses of fresh ash and 50 g of grated laundry soap are dissolved in 10 liters of water. You can just scatter the ash over the area. I must say that both of these methods are ineffective, and the most reliable protection from a flea - the construction of a shelter: metal arcuate supports are installed along the length of the entire bed, on which spunbond is thrown. Under this shelter, the radish breathes normally, the tops do not burn under the scorching rays of the sun, and most importantly, the harmful insect cruciferous flea, which destroys the crops of radish, does not penetrate under the spunbond. After the tops have grown, the shelter can be removed.

Medvedka more often it harms early varieties of radish in the greenhouse, where it creeps up to warm in the spring. If you grow radishes in the open field, then this terrible enemy is unlikely to have time to cause great damage to your crop. And it's very hard to fight the bear.

What is the problem with radishes? Of the diseases, bacteriosis is dangerous for radish, manifested by premature yellowing of leaves, mucus and decay of root crops, keel, which is also determined primarily by yellow leaves, as well as by outgrowths and swellings on root crops, and a black leg, which affects plants even in the seedling stage, which is why their leaves turn yellow and curl and the stems turn black at the base. To avoid these problems, choose varieties that are resistant to diseases for growing, and observe the conditions of agricultural technology, and most importantly, remove diseased plants from the site in time. Keel can be fought by treating the soil around the plants with milk of lime (2 cups of fluffy lime per 10 liters of water), the consumption is 1 liter of milk per plant. Instances affected by the black leg are treated 2-3 times with an interval of a week with infusion onion peel(Pour 20 g of husk with a liter of water and leave for a day).

Radish processing

Readers often ask questions about how to treat radishes from pests or how to treat radishes from diseases. It is undesirable to use pesticides in the fight against diseases and pests of rapidly ripening root crops if you are concerned about your health and the health of those who will eat this radish, therefore the most best protection- this is the observance of all the rules of growing and care. If the recommendations described by us did not give a result, and it is necessary to take urgent radical measures, then you will have to process the radish from the black leg with a solution copper sulfate(1 tablespoon of the drug, 50 g of shavings of laundry soap per 10 liters of water), and treat bacteriosis by treating plants with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid. But we repeat: everything that you process the radish with, you will then eat.

Harvesting and storage of radishes

The radish does not ripen at the same time, therefore, when asked when to dig up the radish, we answer: you need to remove it selectively, as it ripens. Harvesting radishes is best done in the morning, overnight watering the garden plentifully. Pulling out the root crops, shake off the rest of the soil from them, cut the tops not under the root crop itself, but at a distance of 2-3 cm from it, and do not cut off the roots at all. How much and how to store radishes? From long-term storage even in the most better conditions radishes become bitter and flabby, so give up plans to harvest this root vegetable, such as carrots or beets, especially since fresh juicy radishes can be grown at any time - not in the garden, but in a greenhouse. The radish harvest removed by the described method is stored in plastic bags in the vegetable compartment of the refrigerator for about a week.

Types and varieties of radish

Radish varieties for open ground are divided by ripening time into ultra-early, early-maturing, mid-maturing and late-maturing.

Ultra-early, or early ripening varieties of radish

ripen in 18-20 days. The most famous of them:

• 18 days- the roots of this variety reach maturity during this period, they have juicy, tender pulp, cylindrical shape, deep pink color;
• Firstborn- an ultra-early high-yielding hybrid that ripens in 16-18 days. Large, rounded dark red roots of this variety are resistant to shooting and cracking, their flesh is sweet and juicy.

Early maturing radish varieties

ripen in 20-30 days from the moment of germination, the best of which are:

• Ilka- the yield of this variety is quite high, the roots are scarlet, rounded, weighing from 15 to 25 g, dense, juicy, the flesh is white and white-pink, the taste is medium-sharp, without bitterness. The variety is resistant to temperature drop, shooting, porosity or woody pulp;
• French Breakfast- also popular productive variety with long cylindrical dark red fruits resistant to shooting, weighing up to 45 g with a rounded white tip. The pulp is juicy, without bitterness. Disadvantage: shoots out in extreme heat;
• Sachs- this variety ripens in 23-27 days, the shape of the root crop is round, the color is bright red, the flesh is white, juicy, with a slightly pungent taste. The average weight of a root vegetable is 22 g. The variety is resistant to flowering, retains freshness for a long time;
• White Fang- conical roots of this variety, original for radishes white ripen in 33-40 days, reaching a length of 12 cm and gaining weight up to 60 g. Juicy pulp, mild taste;
• Heat Is a high-yielding variety that ripens in three weeks. Root crops are small, dark red, round, weighing up to 25 g. The flesh is white or white-pink, the taste is mild. The variety, despite the name, does not like heat, therefore, when grown in hot weather, it should be covered with a canopy.

Mid-season radish

ripens in 30-35 days. The best varieties this group are:

• faith- Stalk-resistant high-yielding variety with bright red roots of almost the same size, resistant to cracking;
• Helios- a variety with yellow round root crops with a juicy pulp of a pleasant taste;
• Quantum- a fruitful variety that ripens in 30 days with pinkish-raspberry roots of a delicate taste. During storage, it retains elasticity for a long time;
• Zlata- ripens in a maximum of 35 days from the moment of emergence. A yellow round root vegetable with dense, tender and juicy pulp reaches 18 g in weight;
• Duro- one of the most popular and fruitful varieties with very large (up to 10 cm in diameter), round red roots weighing up to 40 g, which requires a more spacious planting in rows: the distance between specimens should be at least 10 cm.The variety is resistant to stalking, lingering and cracking of fruits, well stored.

To late-ripening radish varieties

which take 36-45 days to ripen include:

• Red giant- a productive variety with large cylindrical bright red fruits up to 14 cm long with a juicy white-pink flesh and a slightly pungent taste. Resistant to cruciferous flea beetles and bear, it is perfectly stored: in a container with sand it can be kept fresh for up to 4 months;
• Ice icicle- a variety that is almost identical to the Red Giant, but only with white roots;
• Champion- this high-yielding variety matures in 40 days. Its roots are crimson-red, large, elongated-rounded, weighing up to 20 g, the pulp is juicy, tender, but dense, pinkish-white in color, the taste is good. Root crops do not form voids, do not become flabby and soft for a long time;
Garden plants,

In early spring, as soon as the snow melts, we begin to think about the first crops. As a rule, radish is sown before everyone else. It is enough to wait for the moment when the earth thaws to a depth of four centimeters, and the sun will warm well.

Radish belongs to the cruciferous family. This vegetable appeared in Asia, and then spread to China and other countries.

Radish is a real storehouse of vitamins and minerals. Vitamins of group B, ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid, Ca, Na, P, Mg, Fe - this is still an incomplete list of those essential for our body substances that are contained in radishes. This explains the property of radishes to raise hemoglobin and optimize heart function. This vegetable will also be useful for those who have problems with the liver, gallbladder and gastrointestinal tract.

Radish is either one-year or two-year... The first type, the so-called European, has become more widespread in our country. The reason is the convenience of growing. Such vegetables give seeds already in the first year.

The radish root crop can be of the most varied shape: elongated, round, spindle-shaped, flattened. The color also has many options: yellow, red, white, pink, purple.

This vegetable depends on climatic conditions sown either in open ground, or use greenhouses or greenhouses.

It must be remembered that, although radish is an unpretentious vegetable, it is imperative to follow the basic rules for sowing and caring for it, otherwise all your efforts will be in vain. At preparatory work should note on the following factors:

• the soil;
• lighting;
• temperature.

The soil

Naturally, radish, like other crops, grows better on fertile soils. This vegetable prefers loose and light soils. You can plant radishes in slightly acidic soil but it is desirable that ph be neutral.

It is better to start preparing in the fall. To do this, dig up the soil by 30 cm, after adding compost. If the soil contains a lot of clay, then you need to add peat or river sand.

It is possible to improve soil performance by introducing mineral fertilizers... To increase the yield of radish by one square meter make ammonium nitrate - 10-15 grams, superphosphate - 20-25 grams. Potassium fertilizer can be used.

In the spring, before planting radishes, the soil must be dug again to a depth of 20 cm and beds must be formed. You can make potash or phosphorus fertilizers.

Lighting

It is best to plant radishes in calm areas where the snow melts first. This culture loves good lighting. If you are planting radishes in early spring then choose the south or southeast side.

If the daylight hours are less than twelve hours, then the radish will not shoot, and if the daylight hours are too long, the peduncles, on the contrary, will appear too quickly, all this will negatively affect the growth of the root crop.

Temperature

Radish is a cold-resistant vegetable... The sprouts can withstand frosts of up to five to six degrees. But if during the day the temperature does not exceed + 8 ° C, then the first shoots will have to wait long enough. If the temperature rises to at least + 15 ° C, then the first shoots will appear in a week, and at temperatures close to + 20 ° C, you will have to wait only four days.

Determining the timing of planting radishes

Radish sowing is usually carried out either before winter or in early spring.

Radish has a very short growing season, which allows you to harvest several times. If you sow this vegetable weekly until about the twentieth of May, then in this way you can use the empty land to get a good harvest of radish.

The optimal dates for planting radishes in spring are the last days of March - the first days of April. As a rule, in our climatic zone at this time the sun heats well already, warming up the earth and air sufficiently.

The second time the radish can be sown already in late May or early June. In this case, make sure that there is sufficient lighting, but at the same time it is better to protect the radishes from sunlight in the middle of the day. If you choose too shaded a place for planting, then the roots will not form well. To regulate the length of daylight hours (optimal is a day length of 12 hours), it is better to use an opaque film.

For the third time, sowing can be carried out in early July. It is better to add top dressing and again use the film to regulate the illumination.

And the last, fourth option is sowing at the end of August- early September. Better to plant in a greenhouse. This will require a non-woven fabric to keep warm. The degree of illumination, as a rule, is no longer worth adjusting, since by this time the length of daylight hours is significantly reduced.

Sowing radishes

For planting, you need to choose the largest and freshest seeds. Calculating the amount seed material, you need to proceed from the formula: for 10 m² you need 15 grams of seeds. To check their quality, you can put the seeds in a salt solution... It is better to throw out those of them that float, and the rest can be used for planting.

If planting is planned to be carried out in a greenhouse or greenhouse, then preliminary preparation of seeds can be omitted. When planted in open ground, the seeds must be soaked and germinated.

Plant radishes in well-moisturized soil. Seeds are sown in rows. Planting depth is one to two centimeters. If you sow deeper, then the root crop may not form. A distance of about ten centimeters must be observed between the rows.

After the first shoots appear need to perform decimation... In this case, three or five centimeters are left between adjacent shoots.

You can use the following method: stick the seeds on paper strips in accordance with the required interval and dry the seeds, and in the spring, simply put these ribbons in the ground and cover them. With this planting method, thinning is no longer required.

To increase the yield of root crops it is better to plant it every year in a new place so that the previous crops are new. The best predecessors for radish are: tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes. Radishes should not be planted after representatives of the cruciferous family, as pathogens that are characteristic of these plants can persist in the soil.

Radish care

All radish care can be conditionally divided into five components:

• watering;
• loosening;
• thinning;
• top dressing;
• protection against diseases and pests.

Radish loves water. Therefore, when planting, the furrows are shed. It is advisable to plant the vegetable so as not to miss the first rains. Radish sown in a greenhouse in March is recommended to be watered warm water... Such watering allows you to keep warm in the event of night frosts.

Abundant watering will lead to the fact that the roots become tasteless and watery, and lack of moisture will cause a bitter taste and a hard crust. If this vegetable is watered unevenly, then the roots may crack.

Watering depends on the temperature, if it's hot outside, then the vegetable should be watered daily.

After each watering, you need to loosen the soil.

Thinning is carried out approximately five days after the appearance of the first shoots. But it is better to immediately sow the seeds at the right distance, since when thinning it is often damaged root system main sprouts. Too dense planting leads to the rapid ejection of the arrows, and the root crop does not have time to form.

The first shoots of radish fed with nitrogen fertilizers... If the tops and root crops develop poorly and the leaves of the radish turn yellow, then the plant lacks just nitrogen.

In the case of a lack of potassium, the tops do not change, but the root crop does not develop. In this case, you will need to apply fertilizers rich in potassium.

If the radish is planted on acidic soil, then a disease - keela may develop. It manifests itself in the form of outgrowths on root crops. Such it is better to dispose of radishes, and the subsequent crops to be carried out in another place.

In late spring or early summer, cabbage flies can damage radishes, forming sores on the vegetable. To combat this pest, you need to spray tobacco dust or ash on the leaves.

Easy maintenance and fast harvest- that's why radishes are so popular among gardeners. Follow the recommendations and an excellent result will not keep you waiting!

Hello dear friends!

With the arrival of spring, many summer residents are engaged in the cultivation of radishes. This is a frost-resistant plant that easily tolerates temperatures as low as -3 degrees. Ideal temperature growth is 16-17 degrees. Information on how to grow radishes in the open field with seeds is of interest to many gardeners, especially beginners.

First of all, you need to decide on the timing of planting seeds. After all, the quality and yield of this crop will depend on this.

When to plant radishes outdoors

Considering that this plant is frost-resistant, the sowing of seed is done already in the month of April. In regions with radishes, they are planted in mid-May. To enjoy delicious root vegetables throughout the season, planting the seeds several times every fifteen days is recommended.

You can cultivate radishes all summer long, with the exception of June. Because this month has the longest daylight hours. For normal development, root crops need ten hours of daylight. This month, it increases to fourteen hours.

In such conditions, plants move from the developmental stage to intensive reproduction. They shoot arrows, bear poor fruit, and the fruits are small, tough and not so tasty.

Therefore, for sowing radishes in spring, seeds of early varieties are used. It is pointless to sow late varieties, since the roots do not have time to grow, and the ground part is arrowed.

Choosing a radish variety for open ground

Before starting the cultivation of this crop in the country, you need to choose the right variety. Planting radishes is done in a shaded place protected from sunlight. This culture does not grow well under the scorching sun and does not tolerate heat. If there is no way to provide such conditions, radishes are planted from late to September.

This is exactly the time when daylight hours are decreasing. In such conditions, the radish fully develops, gives tasty, juicy and dense root crops, without releasing arrows.

Today there are many early varieties of radish:

• Carmen;
• Heat;
• French breakfast;
• Octave;
• Red giant;
• Cardinal, etc.

All of them are suitable for growing both outdoors and in a greenhouse. Currently, many gardeners use the "Harvest" greenhouse for growing radishes. This is a very convenient and suitable construction for this culture.

Garden bed preparation

The next step in the process of growing radishes in the garden will be the preparation of a site for planting seeds. Radish grows well on nutritious, light and well-drained soil. The area should be leveled and cleaned of weeds.

• Ideally, loamy or sandy loam soil is suitable for growing this plant. It is not recommended to plant radishes on heavy, knocked down soil, as you run the risk of being left without a crop. But you can still try, having previously improved the composition of the soil with rotted manure.
• The best predecessors of radish are,. Radish will develop poorly and bear fruit in the garden, where roots and cabbage previously grew.
• Before sowing seeds, the soil is fertilized with nitrogen-containing preparations. It is very important not to overdo it here, as you can get a harvest of rapidly decaying root crops with voids inside. According to the recommendations experienced gardeners, for 1 m2 of area it is necessary to make twenty grams of the substance.
• Proper soil preparation for planting radishes begins in the fall. The plot is plowed deeply and fertilized with a nutrient mixture based on superphosphate - fifty grams, potassium salt - twenty grams and - half a bucket. This number of components is calculated for a plot of 1 m2. After that, the ground needs to be leveled.

Sowing and care

In the spring, at the end of April and at the beginning of May, before planting radishes, a soil loosening procedure is carried out. Early and mid-season radish varieties are sown not earlier than April 10th. The period from 1st to 10th August is the ideal time for sowing late varieties of radish.

Cloudy and cool weather - optimal conditions for planting this culture in the country. If the seeds are sown in warm, dry weather on scarce land, then you should not expect a good harvest.

Radish grows well in a sunny area with good airflow and lighting. In the midday hours, this culture requires a little shading, especially if planted in the month of July.

Before sowing, the seeds are pre-treated. They are soaked in water for half a day. During this time, you can prepare ridges for planting radishes. Seeds are sown in not too deep grooves, the distance between which is no more than fifteen centimeters. For convenience in further care make a distance of at least fifty centimeters between the ridges. For 1 m2 of area, two grams of seeds are required.

How deep should radish seeds be planted?

The planting material is embedded to a depth of about two centimeters. Seedlings germinate very amicably and quickly on the fifth day. For full growth and development, plants will need a temperature of at least sixteen degrees. If the planting is done in early spring, the seedlings are kept under a film, making an arched structure about fifty centimeters high.

Video: How to plant radishes

How much radish grows?

The ripening period for each variety is different and varies from twenty to twenty-five days. There are certain days for planting this crop, starting from summer period and ending in late autumn: April 20th, May 10th, June 1st, June 20th, July 10th, August 1st and 10th.

• Aftercare for the seedlings is pretty straightforward. All they need is regular weeding, thinning and systemic irrigation.
• In extreme heat, crops need to be watered more often and more abundantly - at least once every three days. After each watering, the soil loosening procedure is carried out every other day. If these conditions are not provided, then the plants will massively shoot arrows.
• The thinning procedure is carried out on the fifth to sixth day after sowing the seeds. By this time, the seedlings will grow up, get a little stronger, and you can see the rows. Leave at least four centimeters between the plants during the thinning process.
• During thinning, there is always a risk of damaging the young and delicate roots of nearby growing plants. How to sow radishes so as not to thin out? For this, the seeds are sown at a distance of five centimeters from each other.
• How to feed radishes to get a good and high-quality harvest? This question is of interest to many gardeners. It is necessary to mix one teaspoon of urea with one glass of mullein and bring to a volume of five liters with water. This is the best balanced diet for this culture. Three liters of nutrient are applied to a plot of 1 m2.
• To prevent diseases and pests from damaging radishes, plantings require competent and timely care and attention.

Why is radish bitter?

Due to inexperience, many summer residents do not harvest their crops on time. The result is bitter, rough and unsuitable root vegetables.

Read about how to grow radishes in a greenhouse.

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He is also early in maturity. Radish is the first vegetable that comes to our table in the spring, so every summer resident seeks to allocate 1-2 beds for it.

Autumn radish is beautiful and juicy. It is tastier and better than the spring one. In addition, pests do not attack plants in the fall. The only downside to fall radishes is that there are already a lot of vegetables at the end of the season, including cruciferous roots. In October, the harvesting of black and margelan radish, daikon ends, so radish does not cause much enthusiasm among households.

Spring radishes are another matter entirely. Hungry for vitamins over the winter, the body rejoices in any fresh greens. For several weeks in May, radishes become the queen of the table.

Planting radishes in spring

The second characteristic of radish after early maturity is that it belongs to the long-day plant group. This means that with a day length of more than 13 hours, radish goes to the arrow, that is, instead of root crops, it forms generative organs - flowers and seeds. Therefore, in the height of summer, you cannot grow radish roots. At this time, it is grown to obtain seeds. In order for the plants to form root crops, plant the radishes so that the plants develop with a short daylight hours, that is, sow the radishes in early spring or late summer.

Planting radishes in the open ground in spring begins as soon as the snow melts from the soil. In order not to waste precious spring time waiting for the earth to thaw, prepare the garden in advance, in the fall. Then, after the snow melts, it remains to spread the seeds and sprinkle them with last year's compost.

To get the maximum early harvest use hiding places. Planting radishes in a greenhouse allows you to provide your family with fresh vitamins during the period when they are especially needed - in March-April.

Radish in the greenhouse begins to sprout at a temperature of 4 degrees. Such cold resistance makes it possible to grow it in unheated polycarbonate greenhouses, sowing under conditions middle lane at the end of February.

Not every variety is suitable for planting in a greenhouse. It is ideal to use varieties bred for greenhouses. These are Greenhouse and Early Red. If the store does not have seeds of heifer varieties, then buy early ripening and resistant to shooting varieties: Zarya, Heat, Saks.

The greenhouse is tidied up in March. After the upper 3 cm of soil thaws, you can start planting. Seeds are planted with two-line ribbons so that they can be thinned out. The distance between the lines is 8 cm, in a row 2 cm.

Only selected material should be sown into the greenhouse, so sift the seeds through a sieve with cells with a diameter of 2 mm before sowing. Then immerse them in a dark purple manganese solution for 30 minutes - this will increase germination and reduce the likelihood of seedling dying from fungal diseases.

Planting radishes in the fall

To get a radish in October, sow it on the twentieth of August. If there is not enough space in the garden, use the crop as a compactor. For example, sow radish seeds in a garden with young strawberries planted this year.

The distance between seeds depends on the variety. Large-fruited varieties, such as Duro, are planted after 10 centimeters, ordinary ones - after 5 centimeters.

If you want to get full, large roots, then do not be greedy and plant the seeds often. With a thickened planting, autumn radishes grow small and ugly, prone to damage by pests and diseases.

The earliest spring harvest can be obtained with podzimny sowing, but there are some pitfalls. If the weather conditions of winter and spring are unfavorable, then the radish sown before winter can bloom. But the weather can be good and radish seeds are inexpensive, so why not experiment with winter sowing?

Read also:

Tulips - planting and care in the open field

The introduction of seeds into the soil before winter allows you to get the first root crops as much as 2 weeks earlier than when sowing in spring. Prepare a bed for winter sowing in advance, while the weather is still warm. Dig up the soil and apply fertilizers - for each square meter, half a bucket of humus or compost and one tablespoon of potassium and superphosphate. You cannot add fresh manure - the radish does not tolerate it.

Fertilized and dug up soil is loosened and the surface is leveled. Furrows are cut in advance, until the ground is frozen. Seeds are sown when cold, dry weather sets in and the topsoil is slightly frozen. This usually happens in November.

Dry seeds are laid out in prepared grooves, leaving a distance of 4 cm between them, then sprinkled with dry earth and compacted. It often happens that summer residents do not have time to sow vegetables before winter, because the snow that has fallen out prevents them. To prevent this from happening, immediately cover the prepared bed with a film or covering material. If it snows, then just remove the film, and the grooves will appear at a glance.

Growing radish outdoors

Growing radishes outdoors is not difficult. The main thing is not to plant in the shade, where the plants will hurt, stretch and suffer from pests. At the same time, you can not wait for the harvest, despite the fulfillment of all the rules of agricultural technology.

Weed the plantings regularly, and, if necessary, thin out, pulling out first of all the root crops that are already suitable for food. There is no need to feed the plants, the fertilizers applied during planting will be enough for them.

The main condition for growing radishes outdoors is to keep the soil moist. If you want a really tasty, sweet and juicy radish, don't forget to water it. Sometimes, in particularly hot weather, the radish beds have to be watered twice a day and this does not harm the plant.

With insufficient watering, the taste of the root crops will be sharp, bitter, and they themselves are small and ugly.

Growing radish in greenhouses

When growing radishes in a greenhouse, observe the correct temperature regime... Before sprouting, the optimum air temperature is 16-18 o C. After sprouting, the temperature should drop so that the plants do not stretch out. At this stage, it is sufficient to maintain 12 ° C in the greenhouse.

A week after the emergence of seedlings, the radish forms a root crop. It can form at 12 ° C, but if the building is warmer, the process will go faster - therefore, if possible, the temperature is brought to 20 ° C. At night, it should drop to 10 ° C.

When seedlings appear, the radish is thinned out, leaving 3 cm gaps between the plants. The distance allows the leaves to take a horizontal position, which reduces the likelihood of shooting. The soil in the greenhouse should be slightly damp.

It is worth considering in detail the cultivation of radishes in the winter on a windowsill, since this is a more complicated process than cultivation in a greenhouse.

Growing radish on a windowsill

When growing on a windowsill, create a plant the necessary conditions... Harder to provide desired temperature and lighting. The plants are too hot and dark in the room. They stretch out, the roots become tasteless.

The task is facilitated if the house has a cool non-residential area with large windows, for example, a closed veranda or loggia. In such rooms, radishes will grow well on the windowsill if the temperature is in the range from 8-18 o C. The temperature should be lower at night than during the day.

Even in cool rooms in the first half of winter, the radish on the windowsill has to be illuminated, otherwise it will stretch out. Phytolamps or LEDs are used for supplementary lighting. It is better to connect the lamps to the network through a time relay - a simple and inexpensive device that allows you to automate the operation of electrical appliances.

When choosing a supplementary lighting mode, remember that radishes are a long-day vegetable. Supplementary lighting should not lengthen daylight hours, but increase the intensity of natural light.