In electrical engineering protective grounding And the reinforcement has a different meaning. People are not familiar with the definitions of these concepts mistakenly believe that they are related to the execution of the same functions. The article will talk about a separate definition of each concept, as well as the removal of their main differences.

Before you answer the question, the difference between the grounding from the reassembly, consider each concept separately. Grounding is a special connection of electrical installations with Earth. The purpose of this compound is to reduce the sharp voltage jump in electrical network. It is used in the chain where neutral will be isolated. When the appropriate grounding equipment is installed, then an excess current that enters the network will go to the ground on the discharge contacts. The resistance of this part should be relatively low so that the current is absorbed without the residue.

Also, the function of protective grounding of electrical installations allows you to increase the volume of the emergency circuit current, despite the fact that it contradicts its purpose. Multi-resistance earthing The weak short circuit current may not perceive, only with special protective devices. In this case, when there is an emergency, the installation will be under voltage, which may be of a greater danger to human health in this room. The purpose of protective electrical installations is also designed to lead the wandering current in the electrical network.

The earthing is a special conductor, which may consist of one or more elements. Usually, they are interconnected by electrically conductive material and are enclosed in the ground that absorbs the passing charge. Steel and copper can be used as grounding conductors. According to PUE standards, this measure of protection must be made in modern residential buildings, as well as work premises, factories, public institutions and other buildings of various purposes.

In most houses of the modern sample, grounding schemes are installed. However, they may not be in old buildings. In such a situation, experts recommend replacing the wiring with a three-in-room cable with grounding wire by connecting the protective electrical installation. There are situations when it is not possible to mount a full-fledged grounding circuit. In modern electrical engineering, special portable equipment can be used - a portable grounding pin (tire). Their action corresponds to the standard grounding device of residential buildings or taps. Such a device has a good practical value, easy to install and carry, repair, and also has a wide functionality.

The grounding function can perform several independent protective equipment groups. Ground-protective. They serve in order to quickly remove the pulse high charge from lightning. Often, their use is necessary in the arresters and modern lightning lines. Workers. Such a group allows you to maintain all electrical installations in the right mode different conditions (Normal and emergency).

Protective. This group Equipment is needed to prevent direct contact of people and animals with an electrical charge, which occurs as a result of a mechanical phase damage in the wire. They allow you to prevent many accidents that could be if the problems with the power line were not seen in a timely manner.

Grounders are conditionally divided into artificial and natural. Artificial electrical installations are special designs that make it specifically in order to hover over an overweight network to the ground, providing protection to your home. They can be produced at the factory or to be made independently using steel elements.
Natural grounders are soil, the foundation under the building or a tree near the house.

Video "What is the difference"

The concept of zero

The connection may be called the compound of individual metal parts, which are not under the influence of constant voltage, or with a grounded neutral of a lowering three-phase current source, or with a grounded single-phase current generator. Thus, high voltage jumps will be discharged to the transformer or to a separate panel for absorption. Usually the downward is done in electrical installations with a grounded neutral. It allows when the insulating layer is trigged on the wire and short circuit to quickly work the automatic switch or respond to other protective equipment.

Quite often install additional protective shutdown devices. They will be triggered with different strengths of the current and "zero" of the power wire. Such equipment can be installed with a circuit breaker. In this case, after the breakdown of the core can simultaneously work both devices or a faster element will work.

Usually the reassessment applies according to the rules of the electrical installation device for industrial equipment. This type of protection is not a guarantor of the building of the building. If the damaged phase falls on the outer part of the device, then the current will not leave anywhere. Subsequently, there will be a conjugation of two phases at once, which leads to a short circuit in the electrical network. The reinforcement does not create a current protection for a person. This is conditionally a specific fault indicator or damage to the power line, which warns the fire with a short circuit.

In residential buildings and apartments, it is not necessary to make a downstream, as this is the opposite may have a number of negative consequences. For example, if the cable burns zero lived, the majority of household equipment and technology will also burn. This is due to a sharp high voltage jump in the electrical network.

Main differences

First of all, it should be noted that the downstream and grounding have a completely different purpose and action. The main difference of these protective measures is their appointment.
Grounding serves as a more efficient and reliable way to protect the residential building from a voltage jump than the bottomhole method. The difference in their assignment allows you to choose from them that a prevention method that is more suitable in a specific situation. You can immediately make both options for protection in a residential building. However, it should be noted that usually preferences give it precisely grounding, believing that this method is necessary in any case.

Grounding allows you to create network protection, quickly reduce the voltage of the AC in the network to a normal stable value. Then howling will contribute to a faster chain disconnection, which was under voltage, where actually occurred on the line. Also, the big difference is the fact that their installation methods have a different degree of complexity.

Creating a rejection in a residential building, and the connection of special equipment requires deeper knowledge of electrical engineering. So that this protection method worked correctly, you need to do everything right. Determine the point of the zero is very important, since otherwise may be negative consequences. When installing protective grounding contours, it suffices to follow clear instructions or instructions. Their design is quite simple.

The grounding method does not have dependence on the phase of electrical appliances and various devicesSince they have the same installation scheme. Also, ground creation schemes have more variety, in contrast to the rise, which allows you to choose more suitable option In a concrete situation. Another difference is that the grounding is directed ensures the leveling of potentials, and the reacts reacts to such a change in network de-energization.

Alone effective tools Electric shock protection is a protective grounding and a downstream of electrical installations. In accordance with GOST 12.1.009-76:

protective grounding – this is a deliberate electrical connection with Earth or her eq.vivalent of metal inadequate parts that may be energized;

stage – this is a deliberate electrical connection withzero protective conductor of metal inactiveparts that may be under voltage.

In matters of application and practical implementation of the protective earth and the reinforcement, the requirements of not only PUE, but also GOST R 50571. In GOST R 50571.2- 94 "Electrical installation of buildings. Part 3. Main characteristics »The classification of grounding systems of electrical networks is given: IT, TT, TN-C, TN-C-S, TN-S (Fig. 2).

In relation to the AC networks with a voltage to 1 kV designation, the following meaning has the following meaning.

First letter - the nature of the grounding of the power supply (neutral mode of the secondary winding of the transformer):

I. - Isolated neutral;

T. - Plug-free neutral.

Second letter - the nature of the grounding of open conductive parts (metal enclosures) of the electrical installation:

T. - the immediate connection of the open conductive parts (ORD) with the Earth (protective ground);

N. - Direct connection of the OCD with a grounded neutral power supply (reinforcement).

Subsequent letters (If they are) - a device of zero working and zero protective conductors:

FROM - zero working (N) and zero protective (re) conductors are combined throughout the network;

C.– S. - Conductors N and Re are combined in part;

S. - Conductors N and Re work separately throughout the network

Fig. 2. Varieties of grounding systems

The conductors used in various types of networks must have certain designations and coloring (Table 1).

Table 1

Expert designation

The scope of these methods of protection is determined by the neutral mode and the voltage class of the electrical installation.

The protective ground consists (Fig. 3) from the grounding 3 (metal conductors located in the ground with good contact with it) and grounding conductor 2, connecting the metal housing of the electrical installation 1 with a grounding.

Fig. 3. Scheme of protective grounding:

1 - electrical installation; 2. - grounding conductor; 3 - Ground

The totality of the earthing and grounding wires are called grounding device. The protective earth is used in three-phase three-wire and single-phase two-wire AC networks with a voltage up to 1000 V with an isolated neutral, as well as in the networks of voltage above 1000 V AC and DC with any neutral mode.

Protective action grounding device based on the decline to the safe value of the current passing through a person at the time of the touch They are damaged electrical installation.

If the voltage is hit on the body of the electrical installation man, touching it and having a good contact with the ground, closes the electrical chain: phase L.1 - electrical installation case 1 - man - Earth - Capacitive H. L3. , H. L2. and active R. L. 3 , R. L. 2 coupling resistance with land, phases L3 I.L.2. There will be a current on a person. Despite the fact that the electrical wires of the network are installed on isolated supports, there is an electrical connection between them and the earth. It occurs due to the imperfection of the insulation of the wires, supports, etc. and the presence of a container between wires and the earth. With a large extent of the wires, this connection becomes significant, and its active R. and capacitive X. resistance decreases and become commensurate with human body resistance. That is why, despite the absence of a visible connection, a person who is energized and has a contact with the ground, closes the electrical circuit between different network phases.

In the presence of a grounding device, an additional chain is formed: phase L1- electrical installation housing - grounding device - earth resistance H. L3. , R. L3. , X. L2. , R. L2. - Phase L.3 and L2.. As a result, the closure current is distributed between the grounding device and man. Since the resistance of the earthing (it should be no more than 10 ohms) many times less resistance to man (1000 Oh.), Through the human body will be a small current, which does not cause its defeat. The main part of the current will go through the chain through the earthingant.

Grounders May be natural and artificial. As natural eggs Using metal structures and reinforcement of buildings and structures, having a good compound from the ground, laid in the ground water, sewer and other pipelines (with the exception of pipelines of combustible liquids, combustible and explosive gases and pipelines coated with insulation protection for corrosion protection).

As artificial Grounders are used single or connected metal electrodes, scored vertically or laid horizontally into the ground. Electrodes are made from cuts of metal pipes with a diameter of at least 32 mm and the thickness of the walls of at least 3.5mm, the angular steel with a shelf thickness of at least 4 mm, the cross section of at least 100 mm 2, as well as from sections of the channels, rod steel with a diameter of at least 10mm . Electrodes made of thinner profiles due to corrosion quickly fail. In addition, thin profiles have small contact with the ground, so their use is undesirable. The length of the electrodes and the distance between them takes at least 2.5-3.0 m.

Between themselves, vertical electrodes in the group earthing are connected by a jumper welding made of similar materials and the same sections as the electrodes themselves. The grounding device must have the output (on the surface of the Earth), made on welding of the same materials. It serves to connect a grounding conductor.

For grounding functions Resistance grounding device in electrical installations voltage up to 1000 B. In the network with an isolated neutral should be no more than 4 ohms.

The required resistance is reached by setting the appropriate amount of electrodes in the earthing determined by the calculation.

Resistance grounding device - This is the ratio of the voltage on the grounding device to the current flowing down from the grounding to the ground. Distinguish remote and contour Ground devices.

Remote The device is located outside the ground with grounded equipment. His dignity consists in the possibility of choosing the soil with the smallest resistance.

Contour Grounding is performed by the drive of the electrodes along the contour of the grounded equipment and between it. Such installation of electrodes creates an additional protective effect by increasing and leveling (more uniform distribution) of land potentials in the zone of person.

Stage - this is a deliberate electrical connection of metal inadvertent parts of electrical installations, which may be energized, with a deaf-free neutral of the current source (generator or transformer).

In four-wire networks with a zero wire and a deaf-free neutral of the current source to 1000 to the bottomhole - the main means of protection.

Connecting electrical installation cases to the current source neutral is carried out using zero protective Explorer (Re.- Explorer). It can not be confused with zero workers Wire (N. - conductor), which is also connected to the source neutral, but serves to power single-phase electrical installations. The zero protective conductor is paved on the highway highway, in close proximity to them.

Protective action of the rise based at reducing to the safe value of the current passing through the person at the time of the touch they are damaged electrical installation, and subsequently disconnect this installation from the network.

Works down as follows: when the voltage is hit on the housing of the enhanced electrical installation 8 (Fig. 4) Most of the current will go to the network through the zero protective wire 6. Chains: electrical installation case 8 - Man - Earth - grounding device 9 - zero working wire 5 - There will be a slight current that does not cause lesions (due to the higher resistance of this chain compared to the chain resistance through the zero protective wire 6). At the same time, the closure on the phase wire body with such a protection scheme automatically turns into a single-phase short circuit between the phase and zero working wire. 5 network, resulting in in 0.2-7 C. triggers current protection (Fuse breaks 7, the circuit breaker is triggered, etc.), and the electrical installation, and, together with it, the person is completely de-energized.

Thus, at the initial moment, the reinforcement works in analogously to the protective ground, and in the subsequently it completely stops the effect of the current per person. Only at the same time the current passing through the human body before the protection is triggered, will be less than several times, because The resistance of the reinforcing conductor usually does not exceed 0.3 ohms, and the earthing resistance is allowed to 4 ohms.

Fig. 4. Rangery scheme:

1 - neutral neutral earthing; 2. - current source (transformer); 3 - neutral current source; four - reducing the transformer case; five - zero worker (it and zero protective) wire network; 6. - zero protective wire of electrical installation; 7 - fuse; eight - electrical installation; 9 - repeated grounding of the zero protective wire network

In the electrical installations of up to 1 kV with a deaf-earth neutral, in order to reliably ensure the automatic shutdown of the emergency section, the conductivity of phase and zero protective conductors and their compounds should provide a short circuit current that exceeds at least 3 times the rated current of the fuse of the nearest fuse or the circuit breaker having The release with inversely dependent on the current characteristic (thermal release), 1.4 times - for automatic switches with electromagnetic releases with a nominal current force to 100 A and 1.25 times - with a current of more than 100 A.

IN bulled electrical installations up to 1 kV with a deaf-earth neutral (in order to reliably ensure the automatic disabling of the emergency section) the conductivity of phase and zero protective conductors and their compounds should provide short circuit current.

Zero protective wire 5 networks (Fig. 4) must ensure a reliable connection of electrical installation cases with a neutral source, so all connections are performed by welded. It is prohibited to install fuses and switches (except for the case of simultaneous shutdown and phase wires).

Zero Protective the wire 5 network ground: at the current source with the eating 1; at the ends of air lines (or branches from them) more than 200 m; and also on the input of the airline to electrical installations. Repeated grounding 9 we are necessary to reduce the risk of electric shock when the zero wire break and closes the phase to the electrical installation housing behind the break site, as well as to reduce the voltage on the case at the time of the current protection.

According to Pue. The resistance of the grounding device, to which the current source neutral is attached, Taking into account the natural and repeated earthingers of the zero wire must be no more 2, 4 and 8 ohms accordingly, with linear voltages of the source of three-phase current 660, 380 and 220 V.

General resistance spreading earthing (including natural) all repeated Groundings Pen conductor of each VL at any time of year should be no more than 5, 10 and 20 ohm accordingly with linear stresses 660, 380 and 220 in three-phase source or380, 220 and 127 in a source of single-phase current. Wherein ring resistance to the grounding Each of the repeated grounds should be no more than 15, 30 and 60 ohms, respectively, with the same stresses.

With the resistivity of the land ρ about \u003e 100 Ohm m M is allowed to increase the specified rules in 0.01 ρ about Once, but not more than tenfold.

Stage (Grounding) Metal enclosures of portable electrical installations are carried out by a third residential for single-phase or fourth residential for three-phase electrical receivers located in one shell with phase wires.

The veins of these wires must be flexible, copper, their section should be equal to the cross section of phase conductors and be no less 1.5 mm 2 .

The insertion connectors (forks and sockets) must be made so that the connection of grounding and zero protective conductors occurred to the compound of phase conductors, and the disconnection occurred in the reverse order. Usually this is achieved by using a longer pin for a protective conductor than for phase wires. In all cases, the plug is connected to the electrical acceptor, the outlet - to the network.

Individual protection meansfrom electric shock

Individual protection meansfrom electric shock - electroplature media(ESS)which are divided into basic and extra.

Basic ESS. - These are the means of protection, the isolation of which can longer withstand the operating voltage of electrical installations, which allows them to touch the current-carrying parts under voltage.

To work on electrical installations up to 1000 B. These include: insulating rods, insulating and electro-measuring mites, dielectric gloves,mounting tool with insulated handles, voltage pointers.

At the voltage of electrical installation over 1000 B. Fixed assets include isolating rodgi, insulating and electrical metering mites, pointers onshiny.

Additional ESS. - These are the means of protection, the insulation of which can not withstand the operating voltage of electrical installations. They are used to protect against tension of touch and step, and when working under voltage exclusively with the main EES.

These include: at strain before 1000 B. - dielectric haloshs, mats, insulating underbetting; over 1000 B. - dielectric Gloves, Bots, Coversricky, insulating stands.EZS. Must be labeled with the voltage to which they are calculated, their insulating properties are subject to periodic verification in the statutors set by the standards.

Tests of testing of protective agents from electric shock are presented in Table 2.

table 2

Tests of testing protective equipment from electric shock (fragment)

The movement of electricity in homes should be safe and controlled. To prevent negative impact when, due to disruption of the insulation of conductors, critical contact with a person is possible, special measures should be applied: grounding and zero. What is the difference between them? About this in more detail in this review. And the general in these events is that they protect a person from shocking. The directional movement of electrons is carried out along the path of the smallest resistance. You can avoid passing the current through the human body by sending it along the path with the smallest loss. Provides such redirection use in the electrical circuit of grounding or reassembly.

For apartment housing it is easier to draw a zero than to equip the grounding contour.

What is grounding

The essence of grounding lies in the deliberate connection of parts of the electrical installations and the grounding device (as a rule, it is structures made of metal strips and pins that reduce the voltage level to a safe value).

For understanding, consider an example. Suppose in any electrical appliance ( washer, oven or other appliances) When testing insulation and the voltage between the body of the device and the phase occurs. If there is a grounding device, the current will not lead to critical consequences in contact with the person. This is due to the fact that a protective grounding will perform as a priority conductor having very low resistance.

Resistance to man Various on different sites Body. On average, when calculating electrical safety, it takes equal 1 com.
Ground resistance According to Pue 1.7.62 should not exceed 4 Ohm. Taking into account the resistance of natural earthing and repeated earthing in consumers.

Also, the ground contour is used as lightning protection. In this case, the protective ground takes the high voltage voltage and transmitting it deep into the ground.

By destination, the entrancers are divided into three classes:

• Ground-proof specializes in the discharge of lightning voltage
• The worker maintains the optimal efficiency of electrical installations under any conditions.
• Protective confronts the damage to the living organisms of high breakdown voltage.

The main components of the contour - the earthing and grounding conductors. Grounders can be natural and artificial. In the first case, these are metal structures that have a reliable connection to the Earth. Grounders of artificial origin are made of steel rods, pipes or corners, the length of which should be at least 2.5 m. The connected welds, they are clogged into the ground. By increasing the number of pipes (corners), you can significantly reduce the contour resistance and make it more efficient.

What is a zero

The reinforcement is a connection of open conductive elements of electrical installations that are not in the normal state of a voltage, with a deaf-free output of a source of single-phase electric current (with a deaf-free neutral point of a transformer or generator, in three-phase current power grids; with a grounded source point in DC power grids). This type of protection is often used in apartments where there is no traditional grounding system or it has an outdated look.

The rise in household wiring is performed as follows:

• The substation is connected to the earth of the neutral point of the transformer.
• From the transformer there are three lines connected to homemade electrical protection.
• Next, there is a distribution of apartments.

How does the zero? The peculiarity is that it is designed for the effect of a short circuit, which occurs when the voltage is hosted from one of the phases on the body. After all, the situation may arise when a person touches the body of the device, where there is already a dangerous tension, and the defense has not worked yet. By turning the usual closure to the housing into a short circuit where the phase and zero wire is activated, protective devices are triggered and the automatic shutdown of the damaged electrical installation from the network.

Using this method, be sure. Switch zero conductor, which is used as a protective, prohibited.

What is the difference in grounding?

The difference between grounding from the bottom is, and it is fundamental. If a full ground is mounted, as a result of a phase breakdown on the housing, a rapid decrease in the current voltage to a secure minimum for a person is obtained.

In the case of a change in, due to the breakdown, there is a de-energization of a certain section of the chain, and the short circuit transition to another part or on the electrical appliance body. The risk of a person's fall under dangerous discharge is minimal, but the danger remains.

Video on the topic

Summing up, it can be noted that a more reliable way to protect - grounding. Using the bottomhole is not recommended. But, in any case, it is necessary to approach this issue. In no case do not identify two various methodsThe differences and principle of which were considered in this review. And remember, install the RCD, or the circuit breakers are needed in the complex with both systems.

Many use in conversation about electricity, often use two words that are not always fully understood: grounding and reassembly. Often they are confused among themselves, using in the wrong interpretation.

So what is the difference in grounding?

If we talk in simple, then the grounding has an additional live (wire), with which it is connected to the ground contour. The contour itself is a metal rod, interconnected into the ground.

But the downward is not connected to this contour, and closes on the zero tire, which is in the distribution shield. To carry out the correct reinforcement, it is necessary to have sufficient qualifications, as if it is incorrectly to determine the connection point and calculate the correct method, which depends on the presence of electrical appliances. At the same time, for the correct grounding, such special knowledge is not required, since the process itself is much easier.

Both of these methods pursue one goal - to protect and neutralize the possibility of current output on the body, which can lead to an electric injuries and even a fatal outcome.

There are these both systems grounding and rewinding everywhere. Often they can be found in the outlets. They are equipped with both ways to protect. Zero is located in the center of the socket and serves as a jack for the rod fork. Grounding the same removal, is from the edge, in the form of a small plate.

With independently connect the chandelier, which is equipped with three or four wires, one of them is grounding, often it has a green-yellow color.

The electric shield located in front of the entrance to the apartment also has several ground degrees. The grounding bar is below the machine guns, besides, all metal parts have their own grounding.

Connection methods are well shown in Figure 1.

Grounding systems

There are several varieties of existing grounding systems.

1. The TN-C system, the oldest of existing systems. It is zero and conductor (PE) combined into a single wire. This method is not effective due to the possibility of breaking scratch.
2. The TN-S system is designed to replace the outdated TN-C system. In this system, the protective and working zero is separated. For grounding, a special contour metal system is used.
3. System TN-C-S. This is one of the most advanced grounding systems. It communicates all conducting parts with a grounding place near the transformer substation.
4. TT system. In it, all open parts are associated with the earth due to the earthing machine. Which is not related to grounding on the transformer substation.
5. IT system. The most perfect system. In it, the conductor (neutral) is grounded through special devices that have great resistance. And the rest of the parts that are open, grounded separately.

How does the zero?

When the phase is output to the instrument housing, which is previously connected to zero. During such a breakdown occurs, a short circuit. At this time, circuit breakers are triggered, which are connected to the network.

Specialized conductors are used for the correct reinforcement. So when using single-phase wiring, and the use of three living wires is one of them and will be a ground. The correct grounding is characterized by the creation of a small resistance in the contact phase - zero. With incorrect installation of this system, it turns out to be simply not effective. Thanks to creating this, the reinforcement makes the voltage that falls on the electrical appliance body is not dangerous. Accordingly, it does not shock the current, which can lead to significant human damage.

Change systems

• TN-C system. In this system, the conductor (zero n) and protective zero (PE) occurs in this system. Thus, it turns out a PEN conductor. Such a system is characterized by its high demands for the correct device for adjusting existing potentials and the correct selection required section Explorer. The TN-C system is used in three-phase sources. In other low phase systems, it cannot be applied.

• TN-C-S reassembly system. It was designed for use in single-phase networks. In it, the PEN conductor is connected to a grounded transformer nicure. This connection occurs at the point of divergence of the conductor to zero and the protective, which are further conducted to direct consumers.

• TN-S reassembly system. The most modern of all systems. In this system, zero conductors are divided on the entire portion of their following. Accordingly, it provides a low ability of its failure.

Device for rewarding in the apartment

In general, it is possible to draw a rise in the apartment. But this is fraught by tragic consequences. So, for example, when an erroneous connection of the phase to zero or zero is heated, there will be a failure of the entire equipment, which is located in the apartment and is connected to the network.

When trying to ground device in homes old buildings It turns out that it is simply not. But on the conduct of large-scale work on overhaul Buildings should be achieved that work and work on the creation of grounding systems, by conducting new lines that answer modern requirements security.

And before that time, when replacing the wiring, it is necessary to lay at least three vein cable with a smooth zero and phase. The remaining third conductor must be left without connections in the absence of a grounding system.

In any case, for greater security, it is necessary to use protective shutdown devices and voltage limiters.

Thus, grounding or reassembly serve to protect people and property from damage during breakdowns and voltage output.

The modern man in the street can not present their life without electricity. The most ordinary things or actions are associated with this concept, but most people do not even think about the danger of this phenomenon. In everyday life, users who are not associated with the electrician profession are not suspected how large-scale electrical safety measures for example, such as zeroing and grounding. What is the difference between them? We will try to reveal this topic in a simpler language.

Electricity necessary and dangerous

On the forums on the Internet, homemade masters often try to figure out what grounding and reassembling and what is the difference between them. To respond to it, it should be noted that there are different interpretations of these concepts.

Grounding:

• Grounding, as part of a common power supply system (protective ground). That is, the wire mounted parallel to the power lines;

• Grounding as a memory (grounding device). Metal construction connecting the power line with the Earth.

Stage:

• In the industrial industry. Combining all electrical dispensers into one contour;
• At home. As can be seen from the name, the voltage reckoned to the working zero.

Therefore, to answer the question: a zero and grounding, what is the difference? You need to disassemble all the above items in detail.

There are provisions and regulations for installation and operation of the power grid, most of them are published in PUE (rules of electrical installations) and in GOST:

• Pue 7. Paragraph 1.7.28 - intentional electrical connection of any point of the network, electrical installation or equipment with a grounding device;
• PUE 7. Paragraph 1.7.31 - a protective reinforcement in electrical installations by voltage up to 1 kV - a deliberate connection of open conductive parts with a deaf-free neutral generator or a transformer in three-phase current networks, with a deaf-free output of a single-phase current source, with a grounded source point in DC networks performed for electrical safety purposes;

• GOST 12.1.009-76. A reinforcement (protective reinforcement) is a deliberate electrical connection with a zero protective conductor of metal inadequate parts that may be energized.

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What is the difference in grounding

Ground

Simple language, the overall ground is a precautionary measure to ensure user security from electric shock and creating favorable conditions for the correct and safe operation of any electrical technology.

It is carried out by mounting the memory consisting of metal structures covered in the ground throughout the entire path of the electric current from the power supply to the consumer. That is, on power plants (HPP, GRES, NPP or a regular separation transformer), the main earthing machine is mounted. Next, the current over the power lines is served to your home. Throughout the path, duplicate earthing points are created.

For each house, whether it is multi-apartment or a private house, Mounted your duplicate point. It has its own sizes and characteristics, but is constructed by general principle: Metal design made of conventional or stainless steel.

Note! Parts of steel construction (memory) are mounted among themselves only with welding machine, the bolted compound is not reliable, as it is subject to oxidation.

All you wanted to know about electrolytic grounding (video)

Stage

Exposure from GOST 12.1.009-76 "Parts that may be under voltage" denotes the metal case of electrical system. That is, if an accident occurs or insulation disorder, on the housing or working elements of any device, such as a lathe, a hazardous voltage occurs. The rejection minimizes the power of this electric charge. That is, the difference between the grounding of grounding in the industrial industry is that the reinforcement is included in the general grounding system.

In the workshops equipped with a multitude of devices powered by three-phase voltage (380 volts). All units are combined into a common chain by means of metal stripes. The overall contour is connected to the grounding bus or reassembly.

Types of grounding in everyday life

IN living conditions Grounding is the key to the safety and uninterrupted operation of all electrical appliances. In Soviet times, this safety measure was practically not applied. The TN-C system was used, in which the PE grounding cable (protective conductor) is combined with the working zero n into the single cable Pen, and the apartment is carried out directly in the apartment. This system is considered obsolete, it replaced the TN-C-S scheme, in which the PEN conductor is disconnected in the main consumer shield on PE and N.

All newly under construction objects are serviced by three or, if necessary, a five-wire scheme. That is, three lines are supplied to your apartment:

• phase;
• working zero;
• land.

All modern domestic or computing devices are equipped with a three-wire system. Outlets and plug are equipped with ground terminals.

In the case when your building is not equipped with a grounding and wiring system, all specialized devices with a three-wire component lose their qualities. For example, a network filter turns into conventional carrying. Installation of the rise in the apartment in this case is denied by paragraph 1.7.132 PEU.

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Let's try to figure out what it is a Uzo, its capabilities, features of work and application options. And also consider the nuances to which you want to pay attention to when choosing.

With a complete replacement of electrical wiring or connecting a conventional outlet, do not forget about the safety and not neglect protective measures. Several recommendations:

• With a two-wire network in the apartment, individual specialists, setting a three-wire outlet, connect the working zero and grounding circuit. This is a violation of safety regulations. Since in the event of an accident or coincidence, the body of the device connected to such a rosette will be under voltage. Then how does zero differ from the ground? The working zero is a conductive part of the power grid, and the grounding wire is an accident insurance;

• During the construction of a private house, the grounding installation is a mandatory point of operation of electricity. A simple and inexpensive design will save your health and integrity of all power consuming devices;

• Power supply of high-power household electrical appliances (boiler, washing machine) It is recommended to carry out a separate wiring branch in the apartment. Since while using simultaneous operation, safety machines and the sensors of the RCD (protective shutdown) will often be triggered.

Note! Uzo and safety vehicles are two absolutely different devices. Each of them performs its function. UZO - human protection, quick response device. The machine is the device reacting for network overload, but it can not work immediately. There is a symbiosis of these two devices - a diphawtomat, combines all the functions of both devices.

Rangery and grounding: what's the difference? Outcome

Highlights that determine the difference in grounding and reassembling:

• The concept of "grounding" is a security system in the overall construction of power supply;
• Metal construction, connecting the electricity supply with the ground, is called grounding device (memory);
• A rise in the industrial industry is part of the general grounding of the building;
• Change in everyday life is an unsafe way to connect to the working zero of the grounding circuit of the electrical appliances.