The main components that ensure the development of plants: the sun, water and good soil. Cultures also need nutrients that shrubs and trees do not always get from the ground. The application of fertilizers is an obligatory stage of agricultural technology.

Spring is the time for feeding

Plants develop for decades in one place, which is why the earth is depleted, and trees and bushes do not receive the nutrients they need. To ensure good yields, gardeners feed the crop with various fertilizers.

Each stage of the growing season requires its own nutrition, but top dressing is the most important. fruit trees and shrubs in spring. Plants move away hibernation, and they need strength for new growth and fruiting.

The sun is still not so warm, there is a risk of return frosts. Only enhanced sap flow will help counter these factors. Provides such a "blood flow" to fruit plants good nutrition.

Depending on the condition of the soil and the type of crop, certain nutrients are required. According to these components, all fertilizers are divided into mono (i.e. simple) and complex, containing 2 or more substances. They may include mineral and organic fertilizers. In the finished concentrated preparations sold, most often the composition is combined.

Taking good care of trees

A separate group is bacterial fertilizers and green manure related to organics. Each nutrient has its own characteristics of use, which the gardener must take into account.

Basic fertilizers for spring top dressing

Fertilizer	Description
mineral	The composition includes concentrated salts with high speed. According to the active chemical element, they are divided into groups: phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen. As mentioned above, polyfertilizers contain more than one component, which is reflected in the name of the drug. The ratio of elements of complex fertilizers is selected according to the season. In the spring, all 3 components will be needed, and each of them has its own function
organic	This type of food is of natural origin - animal or vegetable (manure, manure, humus, compost, peat, etc.). When organics decompose, minerals are formed that stimulate the development of microorganisms and beneficial bacteria that help plants absorb nutrients. Fertilizers provide air-water balance in all parts of bushes and trees. Carbon dioxide released into the soil triggers photosynthesis

Types of dressingsMaximum efficiency can be achieved by combining organic matter with mineral water. Concentrated salts not only nourish plants, but also have a negative effect if the proportion is incorrectly selected. Organic fertilizers will just smooth out this negative effect by providing nutrition to the berry plot for the entire growing season.

Top dressing is carried out in two ways: by applying to the ground and spraying plants. This allows you to optimize the nutritional regime for a specific phase of development, taking into account the needs of each of the crops.

spring top dressing berry bushes and trees are carried out based on the following conditions. During the period of vegetative mass recruitment (March), nitrogen fertilizers should prevail. Potassium-phosphorus are necessary for budding and flowering (April-May).

Complex fertilizers are used throughout the spring season. The concentration is selected based on the composition of the soil:

• on soddy podzolic use the maximum recommended dose;
• on the forest - medium;
• in the black earth zone - a minimum.

The first time fertilizer is applied to the soil before planting seedlings, and during the year, top dressing is no longer used. The plant will have enough of those that are laid in the pit. In the next season, nutrients are applied either to the trunk circle, or special furrows are made along the row.

In subsequent years, take into account that the root area of ​​the bush increases. Therefore, each time the norms of fertilizers will have to be differentiated.

Root top dressing is carried out in 2 ways: they are scattered in a dry form between the rows and combined with watering plants. The second option is more popular with gardeners, as the nutrients will reach the roots faster.

Dry top dressing

After the fertilizers are scattered between the rows, they need to be embedded in the soil by digging the ground with a shovel. In this case, the reservoir is turned to a depth of 12 cm. After digging, the soil is carefully loosened with a rake.

Soil loosening

Once in the ground, microelements are wetted by soil moisture and evenly distributed. The movement process will be more active if the soil between the rows has a loose structure. To optimize the impact, it is recommended to water the fertilization sites immediately.

liquid nutrition

Top dressing with solutions is carried out more often, while using mineral fertilizers, you should not strictly follow the instructions on the package - it is more designed for industrial farmers who have the opportunity to conduct soil analysis. For small gardening, it is better to reduce the concentration by 3-4 times and introduce the solution into the ground not every 2 weeks, but after 4 days.

Note. The older the plants, the richer the nutrition should be. To feed a five-year-old tree, per 1 sq.m. the garden will need potassium 20 g, phosphorus 10 g, nitrogen 15 g. A slightly lower concentration must be added under the berry bush.

It is important to consider the rules for applying organic fertilizers. For example, some cultures do not tolerate fresh manure, while others respond favorably to it. Without knowing such nuances, it is better to use fermented mullein.

Commonly used nutritional organics

Name	Recommendations
Mullein	· Fresh manure is poured with water in a ratio of 1:2 and closed with a lid. The mixture is stirred every 3 days. Fermentation continues until bubbles appear on the surface. Signs of the final readiness of the solution - sedimentation of solid particles to the bottom and clarification of the composition;
	Before use, the fermented solution must be diluted with water: for trees in a ratio of 1:10, for berries - 1:15
bird droppings	The composition of this organic matter is highly effective, therefore it is used only in small concentrations - 200 ml of water is needed for 1 g of dry raw materials. The fermentation tank should be chosen with a margin - the solution in the process increases significantly in volume;
	When the solution is ready, it is once again diluted in a ratio of 1:20 or 25, depending on the culture
Blood flour	Here the ratio of raw materials and water should be 1:50. The solution is fermented for 4-5 days with daily stirring. Ready composition does not need additional dilution, but is recommended due to the high nitrogen content when forcing plants
bone meal	Phosphorus predominates in this organic matter. It is often used in dry form, as an additive to earthen mixtures (1:100), but flour is also good in solutions. 1 part fertilizer pour 20 parts hot water and insist for a week, stirring twice a day;
	Before use, filter and dilute in a ratio of 1:400

As additional elements in the compost, you can use food waste and feces. It is also good to fertilize fruit plantings compost, which must stand for at least 4 months. Laying manure, peat, hay in layers in a pit, they form a pile, which is periodically shoveled and watered in dry weather.

Foliar top dressing

Processing branches allows you to solve 2 problems in one action: fertilize plants, as well as protect against pests and scab infestation. In the spring, urea spraying of trees and shrubs is carried out as soon as the buds begin to open. Often this action is combined with the treatment of Bordeaux mixture or copper sulphate.

Preparation of Bordeaux mixture

When diluting funds, strictly adhere to the instructions. Before spraying an orchard, safety measures must be taken: wear protective clothing, gloves, goggles, a respirator (the compositions used for spraying are toxic).

Newly minted gardeners sometimes make mistakes in caring for country plants. To avoid them when carrying out top dressing, you need to consider some points:

• for such work, choose the right time: early in the morning or before sunset, and only in dry calm weather;
• you need to feed after a certain period after normal watering;
• it is necessary to apply fertilizer not under the bush or tree itself, as some do; nutrients should be supplied to young roots located slightly away from the trunk; it is on them that the hairs are located, through which the roots absorb moisture and fertilizer from the ground;
• unbalanced nutrition harms plants; if, for example, overfeeding with nitrogen, then flowering and fruiting will be threatened, and the leaves and stems will become brittle; such plants are more often visited by the pest, and they lose their immunity to diseases;
• some summer residents believe that the more food, the better; too much top dressing or a high concentration of fertilizers will provoke burns (this is especially dangerous when spraying);
• by introducing a large nutrient dose into depleted soil, it is realistic to cause an osmotic shock in the plant, leading to death.

Early spring feeding, carried out in compliance with all norms and rules, will be a guarantee that the summer resident will receive a large tasty harvest as a result. In addition, with the help of fertilizers, root growth can be directed. Then the plants will not interfere with each other to develop.

We will give answers to the following questions: Do I need top dressing for trees? How and when should you fertilize your garden?

Not every type of soil contains the right level of mineral and organic matter necessary for the normal growth and development of fruit trees. In this regard, it is very important to properly and timely feed the trees, applying fertilizers to the soil, since the favorable condition of the soil affects not only the growth of the tree itself, but also its fertility. The closer to the fruiting period, the greater the effect of fertilizers on the development of trees.

❧ In spring, the most important task for a tree is growth. Trees grow best and fastest with nitrogen. Therefore, in the spring, fertilizing is most often carried out precisely with nitrogen-containing fertilizers.

For fruit and berry crops, the following are important chemical elements like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium and iron. All of them are consumed by trees in large quantities, and therefore they are called macronutrients. But there are a number of chemical elements that trees need in relatively small quantities. These substances are called trace elements. These include: boron, manganese, copper, molybdenum, cobalt and some others. Most often, the soil lacks nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Fruit plants get most of their nutrients from the soil, oxygen and carbon from the air, and hydrogen from the water. Fruit trees absorb nutrients only in dissolved form, i.e. in water. Water is very important for the nutrition of trees and berry bushes.

The rate of absorption of nutrients by trees and shrubs depends on air temperature and soil moisture. Active plant growth occurs in spring and early summer. Just during this period, nutrients are especially needed by plants.

However, you should not apply excessive amounts of fertilizer - this can harm the plants. For example, an excess of nitrogen in the second half of the growing season leads to the non-maturing of wood, which can cause trees to freeze in winter. And in young trees, excess nitrogen can lead to too active shoot growth and late entry into the fruiting phase.

It is known that fertilizers used in horticulture can be organic and mineral.

Organic fertilizers are manure, compost, slurry and green manure crops.

Mineral fertilizers are nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, calcium and microfertilizers.

Using manure for fertilizer, you should know how to properly store it. Manure is stored in a shady place of the site, away from residential buildings. Then the manure is laid out in thin layers of 15-20 cm, sprinkling each layer with superphosphate at the rate of 2% superphosphate of the total weight of the manure. Too dry manure can be moistened and then compacted. A pile in height should reach about 1 m. From above, you can sprinkle a pile of peat, instead of peat, you can use ordinary earth. Put sod on top of the ground and on the sides of the pile. If the weather is dry in summer, then the pile should be watered from time to time.

When applying mineral fertilizers, you need to know what will be the effect of their use on various types soils. For example, nitrogen fertilizers will be most effective on sandy soils, since they contain the least amount of nitrogen, and black earth soils contain the most nitrogen, so they need nitrogen fertilizers the least.

In order for plants to better absorb fertilizers from the soil, it is necessary to constantly maintain soil moisture and keep it clean, i.e. free from weeds. And when organic fertilizers are added to the soil, the content of soluble nitrogen increases.

Nitrogen fertilizers are applied to the soil in the same way, regardless of the season. Fertilizers (scattered by hand on the ground, after which cultivation is carried out. Before applying nitrogen fertilizers, the soil must be moistened.

Nitrogen fertilizers must be applied no later than the second half of June. They should not be applied, especially in young gardens, in the second half of the growing season. This will lengthen the period of plant growth and reduce their frost resistance.

Potash fertilizers are fertilizers whose main nutrient is potassium. potassium plays important role in the development of fruit plants. With its help, trees and shrubs synthesize sugar, and potassium also increases drought resistance, winter hardiness and resistance to fungal diseases.

Potash fertilizers dissolve in water. As a rule, they remain in the soil in the place where they were introduced. The degree of their mobility depends on the type of soil - on sandy soils they are more mobile, on clay soils - less. Potash fertilizers are applied in the fall along with manure and phosphate fertilizers. The least potassium is found in sandy and peaty soils.

A large amount of potassium is found in wood ash. In addition to potassium, it also contains many other nutrients: for example, boron, manganese, lime and others. As a rule, ash is used to fertilize the soil before planting trees and shrubs. And as a top dressing, it can be applied to the soil throughout the season. The most favorable feeding with wood ash affects crops such as raspberries, black currants and strawberries.

Phosphate fertilizers are fertilizers based on phosphorus. Such fertilizers include superphosphate, phosphorite and bone meal, double superphosphate. The difference lies in the phosphorus content and in the degree of solubility in water. Phosphorus fertilizers are used on acidic and alkaline soils.

Phosphorus fertilizers are applied to the soil when it is supposed to be deeply cultivated. As a rule, phosphorus is applied to the soil in autumn. First, fertilizers are scattered over the surface of the soil, then they are dug up to a depth of about 20 cm. Near trees, digging should be carried out parallel to the roots. In summer, fruit trees and shrubs are not fed with phosphate fertilizers.

Mineral fertilizers based on magnesium are called magnesium. In such fertilizers, magnesium is in the form of magnesium sulfate. Magnesium is introduced into the soil at the rate of 25-30 g of fertilizer per 1 m 2 . Magnesium fertilizers can be applied throughout the year as magnesium does not leach out of the soil. But still the best option is the application of such fertilizers in the fall, when deep tillage is expected on the site.

The application of magnesium fertilizers is effective on sandy soils, especially with increased level acidity.

The root system of a fruit-bearing fruit tree occupies the entire space under the tree and extends beyond the crown projection by about 0.5 m. In this regard, any fertilizer must be applied to this entire area.

Peat benefits not only garden plot. It is also used as an absorbent material in the liquidation of various environmental accidents. A mixture of peat with activated carbon is used as an air purifier.

How to determine how much feeding a tree needs?

It is not difficult to determine how much fertilizer is needed per fruit tree. To do this, you need to know the area on which fertilizer will be applied. The area is calculated as follows: a unit is added to the crown diameter and multiplied by 3.14. Further, the resulting area in square meters is multiplied by the dose of fertilizer required per 1 m 2.

If you decide to lay a new garden, then before planting fruit trees and berry bushes, you need to properly fertilize the soil. After planting, young trees can not be fed for two years.

The amount of fertilizer depends largely on the watering regime of the garden. If fruit trees and shrubs regularly receive a sufficient amount of moisture, then fertilizers are applied in large (emphasis on “o”) doses. As a result, with sufficient irrigation of the garden and the right amount of fertilizer, the harvest will be rich.

If the trees in your garden are fairly mature and you decide to rejuvenate pruning, then more fertilizer should be applied, as this is necessary to obtain tree growth.

It is very useful to apply liquid top dressing as a fertilizer. It is prepared as follows: the barrel is half filled with mullein, horse dung or bird droppings. The remaining half is added with water, after which it is thoroughly mixed. The solution must be left in the barrel for a month. Before applying fertilizer to the soil, it must be diluted with water at the rate of 5-8 liters of water 1 liter of solution. The drier the soil before fertilizing, the thinner the solution should be. In moist soil, you can make a thicker solution. Such top dressing is applied to the soil under trees and shrubs, going beyond the crown projection by about 0.5 m.

Fertilizing the soil in your garden every year or two with wood ash, there is no need to apply microfertilizers, since the ash contains almost all the necessary substances. And manure is rich in almost all trace elements.

Soil acidity affects the growth and development of fruit trees and berry bushes. The soil reaction is considered neutral at a pH of 7. If the pH is greater than 7, then the soil reaction is alkaline, and if less, then the reaction is acidic. If the pH is 4, then this means that the soil is very acidic. Optimal conditions for good development and growth of fruit and berry plants, the acidity of the soil is between 5.5 and 6.5.

A high level of soil acidity inhibits the development of plants and interferes with their normal growth. On such soils, nutrients are in hard-to-reach forms and are poorly absorbed by plants. Lime is added to reduce soil acidity. Lime can be applied to the soil at any time of the year, but optimum time is autumn - just before the main tillage.

For liming the soil, slaked lime is usually used in the form of a powder, since the powder is easily mixed with the soil. In addition to powdered lime, lime plaster can also be applied to the soil.

The amount of lime or plaster depends on the degree of acidity of the soil, as well as on its mechanical composition. With a high degree of soil acidity (pH below 4), clay soil is applied at the rate of 5-6 t/ha. In sandy soil - 3-4 t / ha. If the degree of acidity is medium (pH = 4.6-5.0), then lime is required on clay soils 3-4 t/ha, and on sandy soils - 2-2.5 t/ha. On soils with a weak (acidity level (pH = 5.0–5.5), 1.5–2 t / ha (for clay soil) is needed, and on sandy soils, lime is not required. Lime must be applied to the soil for at least 20 cm deep.

In addition to top dressing fruit and berry trees by applying fertilizer directly to the soil, there is another way foliar feeding. This method allows you to fertilize trees and shrubs with a nutrient solution through the leaves. Foliar top dressing means spraying the crowns of trees and shrubs with nutritious aqueous solutions. It should be remembered that spraying should be carried out either early in the morning or in the evening after sunset. If you still decide to spray during the day, then cloudy weather should be chosen for this. This is due to the fact that the solution is absorbed by the leaves of plants for a long time, and under sunlight, the solution quickly evaporates from the surface of the leaves.

To increase fertility and improve the vegetative processes of plants, the soil in the garden must be periodically fertilized. Most effective root feeding of trees, however, for the rapid saturation of plants with microelements in summer season it is more rational to feed the garden in a foliar way (by spraying the crown). We will determine when and with what it is worth fertilizing plantings for ideal development and fruiting, and also consider the main methods of feeding.

When should you fertilize your garden?

With the onset of warm days, plantings begin to gradually wake up. At this point, a very important role is played by tree nutrition in spring. The purpose of this procedure is to activate the growth and development of the garden. With a properly selected flavoring composition, the plants begin to actively bloom and produce new shoots. Actually, the yield of plantings in the future depends on the quantity and quality of greenery and branches.

Feeding trees in autumn is performed to improve the characteristics of the soil, saturating it with minerals and vital microelements for the plant organism. During this period, mineral and complex fertilizers are applied. Only root feeding is used. As the garden begins to shed its leaves, the foliar saturation method is not possible. Feeding trees for the winter excludes the use of nitrogen-containing compounds. Autumn is the ideal time to introduce calcium, potassium and phosphorus into the soil.

Our experienced gardeners will help you choose the composition of fertilizers and feed the plants. We will analyze the condition of the soil in each near-trunk circle, carefully examine each plant for a lack of microelements and, having determined the deficiency, we will make and add a flavoring composition.

What to feed the plants?

One of the most popular ways to feed a garden is feeding trees with chicken manure. This nitrogen fertilizer is applied exclusively during the growing season. They effectively fertilize the soil in the near-stem circles of fruit-bearing plants (apple trees, pears, plums, cherries, sweet cherries, quince, chaenomeles, persimmons, peaches, apricots) in the spring. When working with chicken manure, it is important to remember that undiluted fresh manure can burn roots. Therefore, it is better not to overdo it with him.

In order not to injure plantings, top dressing for trees from chicken manure should be made as follows:

• Place about 1-1.5 kg of dry chicken manure in a 10-liter bucket.
• Add about 3-4 liters of water.
• Leave for 1-2 days to ferment.
• Add water to the bucket "to the eyeballs" and carefully move.

This spring dressing of trees and shrubs will not harm your garden. When buying litter, give preference to dry. If fresh fertilizer is stored incorrectly, nitrogen turns into ammonia. It is impossible to determine by eye how high-quality "fresh" is. In dry chicken manure, nitrogen is completely preserved.

The second most popular feeding trees with manure or compost. Here, too, there are nuances. In no case should fresh manure, only rotted, be brought under the plant. Unlike chicken manure, no matter how much fresh manure is diluted, it will still turn into an ammonia mixture. It takes about 2-3 years to turn "fresh" into high-quality fertilizer. The rotted manure is excellent for apricot, plum, cherry and other stone fruits, fruit-bearing plants (apple and pear), as well as coniferous plants (pines, spruce, cypress, juniper, yew, thuja, spruce).

Feeding trees in summer carried out in order to saturate the garden with nitrogen and missing trace elements. Most often, the root method is used. The leaves absorb the flavoring compounds much faster than the roots. Therefore, when a deficiency of certain elements is detected, foliar feeding with special formulations is used.

Top dressing of trees with nitroammophos considered the most simple, affordable and balanced. This is a complex fertilizer that combines several important components for feeding trees: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur. Each granule contains all four components. However, the balance of trace elements remains in question.

For ideal fertile soils, the use of nitroammophoska is an excellent option to get rid of the headache when choosing a complex composition. Regarding other soils (heavy, clayey, with a deficiency of certain substances), it will not be possible to manage exclusively with nitroammophos. Fertilizing fruit trees will be effective only in combination with other fertilizers or introduce additives in the form of missing substances. For deciduous plantations (larches, cedars, birches, maples, acacias, beech, hornbeam, willows, bird cherry, etc.), nitroammophoska can serve as the main top dressing, since you still will not wait for the harvest from them. :)

Recall that our professionals can help you choose the right fertilizer for your garden. Experienced gardeners will carefully study your plantings and their living conditions. Based on the data obtained, and individual characteristics individual plant, we will select the ideal composition. Only in this case, top dressing coniferous trees or fruitful garden will bring the desired result.

Signs of a micronutrient deficiency

If plantings lack certain substances, they begin to “signal” about it: leaves fall or turn yellow, shoot growth weakens. If the lack of trace elements is detected in time, it is possible to restore the health of the entire planting or individual crops. For this, foliar top dressing is used. fruit trees. It will help restore the health of the garden as quickly as possible.

Our gardeners are people who have a sincere love for nature. We wish good health to every element of botany, therefore, it was decided to do our bit in the improvement of your planting. Especially for you, we have created a unique table in which we have included the main symptoms of a deficiency of vital trace elements. using it, you can notice the lack of substances in time and pick up necessary fertilizers for tree nutrition in order to normalize the growth and development of plants.

Table of symptoms of deficiency of substances:

Tree feeding methods

For feeding greenery on the site, two methods of fertilizing are used:

• root(saturation with fertilizers of the soil in the near-trunk circle);
• foliar(Sweetening composition is applied to the crown).

Root top dressing of trees is applied in spring and autumn in order to improve soil characteristics and saturate plants. important elements. Flavoring compounds are gradually absorbed through the small processes of the root system. Absorption occurs over a long time (from 5-10 days or longer, depending on the depth of laying and the amount of fertilizer).

To quickly saturate the planting with nitrogen and other substances, foliar top dressing of trees is used. Literally in 2-3 days, the leaves completely absorb the substance applied to them.

Feeding the roots

In spring and autumn, root feeding of trees is carried out. Fertilizers are applied to the trunk circles in one of the following ways:

• The introduction of liquid formulations is carried out by pouring flavoring substances into special grooves artificially created in the near-stem circle around the plant (see figure on the right). The more grooves, the more efficient feeding will be.
• Fertilizers in solid form are introduced differently. The top layer of soil is removed (about 1-2 cm). fertilizers are evenly distributed over the entire territory of the trunk circle, after which they are covered back with earth.

Winter tree nutrition, more precisely, feeding before the onset of cold weather, as a rule, is carried out with the help of solid fertilizers. They will gradually penetrate deep into the soil due to the absorption of melted snow. Liquid formulations are used mainly in spring and summer.

Determine the most effective method enriching your garden nutrients and our professional gardeners will help to introduce them into the soil. One call gives us the opportunity to see how top-class specialists work, as well as get a chance to take a personal master class on the topic: top dressing of trees after flowering and before, the rules for fertilizing, the specifics of working with garden tools, etc. Note, to get real knowledge you only need to be present on the garden plot and attentiveness. We work - you enjoy the work and at the same time learn from the pros! :)

Feeding through the crown

Most effective during hot seasons foliar feeding trees. Fertilizers in liquid form are applied over the entire surface of the crown. In fact, the crown is sprayed with liquid formulations. Through greens, substances are absorbed and absorbed much faster.

Most often, urea is used as the main fertilizer. It not only saturates the plant with nitrogen, but also perfectly destroys many pests. Therefore, summer feeding of trees in August is carried out using diluted karbofos. In fact, it is a fungicide and an insecticide - two in one, while practically harmless to humans (at a low concentration).

A large concentration of the active substance in water, instead of the expected benefit, can be harmful plants. Therefore, especially for you, we have compiled a small fertilizer dosage table.

Congratulations! you just passed short course on the topic "Tree nutrition". Having the theoretical foundations and armed with tables, it will become easier to increase the fruitfulness and productivity of your planting :)

Good luck in creating a beautiful high-yielding garden!

Tree feeding video

To get a bountiful harvest, fruit bushes need to be provided proper care, one of the most important components of which is the application of fertilizers. Especially plants need additional spring top dressing.

top dressing fruit bushes spring is an important event on the way to a bountiful harvest. At the beginning of the growing season, any culture in the garden needs to replenish its supply of nutrients, without which its full development and good fruiting is impossible.

In spring, fruit bushes need to be fed with mineral and organic means.

organic fertilizers

The advantage of organic fertilizers is availability and also environmental friendliness. With regular use of organic fertilizers, the soil becomes looser and absorbs water better.

Compost is rotted plant debris. Its introduction promotes better digestibility of minerals. Poorly rotted compost is undesirable to use, weed seeds can be preserved in it.

Manure fresh mullein or horse manure is used. It should be used with caution due to the high content of ammonia, which can harm the rhizome of the plant. To prepare a liquid composition, 10 liters of liquid will be needed for 1 kg of manure. When manure is applied during digging, it will need 10 kg per 1 sq.m.

bird droppings contains large amounts of nitrogen, which stimulates rapid and balanced plant growth. It must be applied carefully, strictly observing the proportion, in order to prevent burns of the rhizome.

In the form of a liquid fertilizer for an apple tree in the spring, litter is used in the following proportion: 100 g of litter / 15 liters of liquid. Moreover, the solution is insisted for 5-10 days. Dry manure is used for digging.

wood ash valuable high content of various chemical elements and is an excellent substitute for potash fertilizers. It is used as a soil protection against insects, rot and fungal diseases.

Bone flour has a high content of nitrogen and calcium, is used to deoxidize the soil. Currently, bone meal can be purchased in specialized stores.

Mineral fertilizers

It is widely believed among gardeners that such fertilizers can harm both human health and plants. But, at rational use mineral fertilizers and strict adherence to dosages, this risk is reduced to zero, and the benefits are enormous. The use of mineral fertilizers is most desirable for microelement-poor and depleted soils.

nitrogen fertilizers(ammonium sulfate, urea, ammonium nitrate). Promote rapid growth and positively affect the quality and volume of the crop. Sandy soils are more in need of such top dressing.

Phosphate fertilizers(superphosphate, phosphate rock). They contribute to the strengthening and growth of the root system. They are introduced into the soil and buried closer to the roots. Such fertilizers are not washed out of the soil, they stay in it for a long time.

potash fertilizers(potassium sulfate). They increase cold resistance and drought tolerance of plants, help fruit crops produce sugar. Potassium has a positive effect on the formation and growth of side shoots. In spring, it is especially necessary for young trees. But it is not recommended to use it in its pure form. It is better when it is included in mixtures, for example, potassium salt or potassium magnesia. Contains a lot of potassium wood ash. In peat or sandy soils, potassium accumulates worse than in chernozems.

Microfertilizers contain the most necessary trace elements for plants: boron, zinc, iron, manganese, sulfur, copper, manganese).

It is best to fertilize fruit bushes in the second year of cultivation. By this time, the bush grows enough, obscures the near-trunk circle, and green manure does not cope with the task. Fruiting shrubs fertilize several times a season. This raises productivity well, replenishes the supply of nutrients in the soil.

First feeding of fruit bushes

Experts advise feeding fruit bushes for the first time at the very beginning of spring. You should not wait until all the snow has melted, but the ground should thaw a little.

For top dressing during this period, use nitrogen-containing mineral fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea).

Scatter them around each trunk over the snow, which will deliver nitrogen and other important chemical elements to the root system of fruit bushes during melting. Moreover, it is necessary to apply fertilizers at a distance of about 50-60 cm from the trunk with the obligatory loosening of the soil.

During such top dressing, it is important not to overdo it, as an excess of nitrogen will harm the crop. Having received an extra portion of this element, the tree will begin to develop its crown and root system so actively that it will leave very little strength for the setting and good development of the fruit.

How to calculate the amount of feeding? Very simple - for one young tree use approximately 40 g, for an adult - about 100 g. It is important not to overdo it during such top dressing, as excess nitrogen will harm the culture.

If you are a fan of organic fertilizing, wait until the ground has completely thawed. Prepare a nutrient solution by adding 300 g of urea, 1.5 liters of manure or 4 liters of manure to a bucket of water. For reference: use 3-4 liters of top dressing per tree.

Second feeding of fruit bushes

During flowering and leaf formation, bushes especially need potassium and phosphorus. Potassium is necessary for the formation of new shoots, increasing the level of sugar in fruits, as well as for the resistance of crops to diseases and adverse conditions. external factors. Phosphorus helps to strengthen the root system of shrubs.

Experienced gardeners say that it is better not to purchase mineral fertilizers containing both substances at once, but it is better to apply them separately to the soil. First, phosphorus, which has the name "superphosphate", - 60 g per adult bush. A little later, potash (potassium salt, potassium magnesia, potassium sulfate, ash) - 20 g per bush.

A special mixture is popular among Ural gardeners, which is prepared in a large barrel. The proposed volume of fertilizer is designed for 4 bushes:
. 400 g potassium sulfate
. 0.5 kg superphosphate
. 2.5 l bird droppings(can be replaced with 250 g of urea or 2 bottles of the drug "Effecton")
. 100 liters of water

All components must be diluted in water and let it brew for a week. Then fertilize the bushes with the infused mixture in the root zone (50-60 cm from the trunk). Approximately 3 buckets of top dressing are spent on one fruit-bearing bush.

The third and fourth feeding of fruit bushes

It is very important to feed the berry bushes in the spring after flowering for the full development of the fruit. During this period, organic is best suited. Of the organic fertilizers, gardeners especially liked compost. They are watered the root zone of flowering garden plants pre-diluted with water.

During the period of development of the fruit that has begun, it is advisable to once again feed garden crops with organic matter (mullein, compost, biohumus). If this is not possible, then purchase a special mineral mixture, with a slight predominance of nitrogen in the composition. Fertilizer is either embedded in the ground or mixed with mulch.

Foliar feeding of fruit bushes

In spring, fruit bushes can be fertilized not only by enriching the soil, but also by a foliar method. A weak solution is prepared from the mixture for feeding and the greens are sprayed with it.

The leaves absorb substances well, the bush quickly receives the necessary elements. This method is considered an emergency aid to plants. It is often used to stimulate shoot growth or if root system or the trunk is damaged and cannot fully utilize the nutrition from the ground.

For foliar feeding, both organic and mineral mixtures can be used. Spraying the bushes with microfertilizers gives a good effect. For example, boron promotes more abundant flowering, zinc serves as a disease prevention, manganese increases the sugar content in berries and increases yield.

In order for the fruits to have enough calcium, in early spring fruit trees should be sprayed with a Bordeaux mixture (4%), at the same time this will serve as protection against diseases and insect attacks.

At foliar fertilizer very low concentrations of solutions are used so as not to cause burns of leaves and wood.

Adult fruit-bearing shrubs for full growth and fruiting must be fertilized in the spring at least three times.

Features of feeding gooseberries

More than other shrubs, gooseberries need potassium preparations. Foliar top dressing with a solution of potassium sulfate is also useful for him, boric acid, manganese sulfate. If the leaves of a young shrub turn yellow, it should be fed with ammonium nitrate (6-7 g per 5 liters of water). Read more.

Features of feeding raspberries

In the spring, raspberries are fed with liquid mineral mixtures. You can buy a ready-made mixture or cook it yourself (10 liters of water - 10 g of potassium chloride, 40 g of superphosphate, 20 g of urea). Every 3 years, the raspberries are fed with organic matter (0.5 buckets per 1 m²). Read more.

Features of feeding currants

The first feeding of the shrub with organic and nitrogen preparations is carried out in the spring before flowering. Then repeat after a couple of weeks. When the berries begin to set, the bush can be fed with the finished mixture "Berry" or "Berry Giant". This will improve the taste of the fruit and increase the content of vitamins in them. At the end of spring, you can spray the bush with micronutrient fertilizers. Read more.

RELATED ARTICLE: Spring dressing of currants

In the feeding of garden plants in the spring there are some features that every gardener must know:
. The carrier of chemicals from top dressing to the roots of the bush is water, therefore, after applying dry fertilizer, careful watering is necessary.
. Liquid top dressing should not be applied to dry ground, so that burns do not remain on the roots.
. Garden crops do not need to be fertilized during the first year after planting.
. Fertilizer is best done in the evening.
. When carrying out top dressing, it is important to take into account that the root system of an adult bush goes beyond the width of its branches by about 50 cm.

Important! An excess of nutrients is just as dangerous as their lack. Therefore, follow the measure in everything, and your fruit bushes will thank you for your care with a generous harvest.

When fertilizing shrubs, two important aspects must be taken into account: soil growing conditions and their age. In the first 2 years, fertilizing is not necessary if a sufficient amount of substrate was applied when planting the bush. Too zealous with top dressing is undesirable, since oversaturation with nutrients entails a decrease in fertility.

Based on the type of soil, it is determined which fertilizers for fruit bushes, and in what quantity, will be the most effective. For example, chernozem contains a sufficient amount of nitrogen, so treatment with nitrogen fertilizers is not recommended. But with sandy and clay soils, the situation is reversed.

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Spring top dressing fruit trees is considered one of the most significant agricultural practices. Without feeding it is very difficult to achieve good harvest fruit and decorative appearance plants. A timely event will saturate the soil with useful trace elements, which in the future will lead to good flowering and fruiting.

Fruit trees can live for decades, "consuming" the beneficial trace elements found in the soil, especially in autumn season when harvesting. But thoughtlessly they should not be fed, because plants need different amounts of fertilizer throughout the growing season. For example, in the spring they need potassium first of all, a little less - phosphorus and nitrogen. During flowering and after the end of this process, when there is an intensive growth of new shoots, trees need, first of all, nitrogen and phosphorus.

Fertilizer for spring feeding of trees

When making dressings, one should also take into account the characteristics of tree species. For example, coniferous plants require less nitrogen than pears with apple trees, since they do not need to grow fallen leaves in the spring.

But in fruit trees, over time and with high yields, the removal of nutrients increases. The amount of nitrogen that is contained in the soil depends on the percentage of humus that is in it. There is less nitrogen and phosphorus in sandy soil than in loam or clay. All these features of the soil and trees must be taken into account when planning to feed your own.

They start already in March, making the first fertilizers in the melting snow. This method is very convenient: the snow, starting to melt, will pull useful substances into the ground. Take a well-soluble mineral fertilizer in the form of a mixture and sprinkle about 40 g near the trunk circles of each tree. Literally two handfuls of the mixture are enough for young seedlings, from 2 to 5 for adults. Distribute the mixture as evenly as possible over the trunk circle with a diameter of at least 1.5 meters.

For old trees, fertilizer must be applied not only along the edge of the near-trunk circle, but also along the perimeter of the crown, where there are many suction roots. True, if your site has a large slope, this method is not recommended for use - fertilizers will quickly be washed away with melted snow.

Root top dressing of a tree

After the snow melts, do not forget to add potassium and phosphorus to the soil, using sulfate, ash or potassium for this. Some use complex mixtures labeled "spring", but this is not recommended. Usually in such compositions there is a lot of nitrogen, which is why when using such fertilizers there is a risk of excess nitrogen in the soil. And this, in turn, will lead to the appearance of fungus and reduce the vitality of trees.

Growers typically use one of the following options:

1. Complex spring fertilizers in March and April.
2. Nitrogen supplements in March, and in April - phosphorus and potassium.

In May, it is desirable to introduce rotted manure or compost into the soil. If you don’t have such “organics”, complex mineral fertilizers will do. The dose of top dressing will depend on the soil. Thus, soddy-podzolic soil requires the maximum dose of additives, forest soil - an average dose, and chernozem - a minimum dose. By the way, fertilizers can be applied not only to the soil. Another option is to mix the supplements with mulch, straw, rotten leaves, and compost.

If it helps the tree come to life after the winter, become stronger and increase productivity, then foliar will help fight various diseases. It is also necessary to carry out work in early spring, as soon as the snow crust comes off. For foliar feeding, use a mixture blue vitriol and . In the store you can buy a special mixture of these ingredients, which is designed for a bucket of water. Just mix all the ingredients, according to the instructions, and you can start processing.

Undoubtedly, you can use other spraying agents, for example, Bordeaux liquid, however, the use of vitriol and urea has one important advantage - such agents not only help fight diseases, but also serve as excellent “nutrition”. When processed, urea, penetrating through the bark, will begin to nourish the tree with useful trace elements. Be careful when using this mixture as it is toxic.

Spraying with Bordeaux liquid

That is why you should follow some rules:

• be sure to use gloves and a respirator, put on goggles if possible;
• treat trees only on calm and calm days.

This mixture can also be used to process gooseberries or black currants.

Feeding trees in spring also depends on the age of the plants. The main task of young seedlings is to take root in a new place and start developing as soon as possible. Fruiting during this period is not the main goal. According to experienced gardeners, after planting it is best to use fertilizer AgroPrirost, which will give the young seedling all the trace elements necessary for its rooting and growth (nitrogen, potassium, zinc, magnesium). This is especially important if your site is characterized not by black soil, but by clay or sandy soil, where there is a lack of all nutrients.

"AgroPrirost" for seedlings

The first feeding is carried out by adding a dry additive to the prepared wells according to the instructions. The next application of the additive is usually carried out in the fall. Starting from the fifth year of life, fruit trees need to be transferred to "adult" top dressing, it is necessary to apply mineral fertilizers. For one square meter area should be entered approximately:

• 15-20 g of nitrogen;
• 10 g of phosphorus;
• 20 g potassium.

These substances must be applied in early spring under the snow. A little later, when the earth warms up, you can make "organic". Every two years, about 6 liters of manure is applied under each tree per square meter of free circle. In the spring, after the onset of the ovary appearance phase, you can use crushed bird droppings. And in order for the feeding of fruit trees to be as successful as possible, carefully read our following tips.

• In order for the root system to quickly assimilate the introduced additives, try to use liquid fertilizers;
• top dressing of seedlings can be carried out only after rooting in a new place;
• it is desirable to carry out work either in the evening or early in the morning (it is better to wait for cloudy weather);
• dry fertilizers are applied either before watering the tree, or immediately after it (an exception to the rule is the application of fertilizers on melting snow, which are carried out in early spring);
• when applying liquid fertilizers, it is also advisable to water the soil a little, which will reduce the risk of burns to the root system.