It should be noted that cutting the walnut, the gardener can both in the spring and autumn and in the summer.

Trimming walnut autumn.

In the fall, as soon as the walnut will reset the leaves, it is better and natural to form the crown of the form " broom" It is necessary to start this kind of trim as soon as possible, without waiting, until the crown is formed chaotic and herself, since the procedure for such trimming implies the removal of sufficient large branches, if the walnut is already adult tree. It is a considerable stress for it, and is fraught with all sorts of problems. Moreover, fall - best time for sanitary trimming and removing dry branches from the tree.

Sprinking walnut in spring.

The best time for the spring trim is March-April, when there is no threat of frosts. Spring, it is best to form a crown in the form " bowl" You will see which branches survived the winter, and, on the basis of this, you can make a decision which branches will be cut. By general scheme - These are all skeletal branches above 5-7 rows, counting from the ground. Also, all the branched crowns are cut off. Too thick branches, branches Thinned pencil in diameter and intertwing branches should also be deleted, so as not to select juice from fruit branches and do not spoil the bark of the tree.

Trimming walnut in the summer.

This procedure is produced in the middle of the summer, in July, when the sludge is not so intense. IN summer periodtend to pruning the crownto form it in the form " a haircut" This form is the most effective in the plan of fruiting. As mentioned above - all skeletal branches are removed, they remain basically fruitful branches. Having made it once, every summer, the gardener simply supports her shape every year, removing good crops from the tree.

For you, it turned out to be useful to pruning and forming a walnut tree crown? How and when do you cut walnut?

Trimming walnut

Walnut Required to light, in dense planting it quickly die off the branches. Crown is taken off, growth and fruiting move up. In walnut, the bulk of the mass of fruits is formed on the end growth of short generative branches. Because of lack of light on these growths, fruits are not formed, and then dying and branches. Fruiting decreases sharply.

It must be considered when it came to pruning walnut!

The trimming of walnut is very important in landing and at the beginning of growth. The walnut plant is cut, as soon as the village reaches more than 1.5 m. On the stack leave 80 - 100 cm, the crown zone is 40 - 60 cm. The height of the strain is specified by the gardener itself depending on the type of crown, varieties. It is important that it was as far as possible.

Walnut form for improved long-term, changed - leader and cupid systems. Most often leave 6-10 skeletal branches.

Apply systematic shortening of steps to continue skeletal and semi-honeymake branches by 15-20 cm. Remove the regular straak piglery in a grassy state in the spring by peeing, or pinch on 2 - 3 - M sheet, and then removed next year.

After bookmark the branches, the central conductor is cut over the top, skeletal branch.

Construction of the crown ends for the fourth year after landing. Then there is only a trimming of thickening branches.

Old walnut trees poorly carry the cropping of large skeletal branches. The rejuvenating trimming of walnut makes gentle, remove not more than 1 - 2 branches per year.

Last years, walnut is greatly frozen (remember that women's kidneys are on the tops). When frosting, damaged branches are cut to healthy wood.

If the Walnut tree has extinzed to the root neck, it is cut into a stump and Subsequently, the plant is restored. From new branches, the branches are again forming the crown: leave the strongest escape, the rest are cut, and then remove everything.

The frozen crowns cut into order to avoid one-scenes. During the period of fruiting, the branches are moderately shortened and small faint sprigs are weakly thinned. At the same time, a huge number of minor annual shoots are formed, on which the harvest is laid.

Walnut is valued all over the world as a real storehouse of nutritious elements - at one time the famous breeder Ivan Michurin even called him the future bread. One tree on your site is able to bring a huge crop, the main thing is to know how the walnut trimming is carried out in the spring!

1 Landing walnut in spring - lay a future harvest!

Put on a permanent place of two- and three-year-old seedlings, because at such an age of the village is easier to come true, while older seedlings can do several years without growth, forming root system. Walnut is not very demanding for the soil, you probably noticed this tree in all the edges, on a variety of soils. However, to get good harvest In the future, it is best to plant a tree into a well-drained, fertile soil.

A seedling pit should be up to a meter deep and the same size in width. In the wells should be filled with 2-3 buckets of humidiation and compost. Important moment - in mandatory, it is necessary to cut the main root, which departs from the trunk vertically.

Sketching on the bottom of the pits of a piece of stone or broken bricks, rubbents, you stimulate the development of side roots that are responsible for the delivery of nutrient elements to fruits and branches.

Fall asleep with the roots of the soil, sink tightly, inspired by straw and plenty of water, it will be enough 3-4 buckets, watering should be repeated in a few days. Watering should be constantly until you are sure that the plant has taken root.

2 trimming walnut in spring - what to leave for the summer?

Walnut needs good lighting, if you sharpened, the side branches will begin to die, and the whole krona moves up, where there is more light. Most of the potential crop will disappear, because the main amount of fruits is formed on short increments that dry first.

Unlike, the walnut is best crushed in the summer, in the second half of summer - at this time the wounds are much faster, and the intake is much smaller. However, it does not interfere with the garden to the garden, to carefully smear the cuts. The trimming of the walnut in the spring is also permissible, but at this time weak or frostbed branches are not yet visible, so you can carry out the initial trimming, freeing the crown from the shaded and growing branches, and in the summer it is completed.

3 How to form a crown - pruning step by step

In the first stage of growth on young tree May be formed a crown of 4-5 branches. If the seedling is well rooted and demonstrates growth, then besides these shoots, it is no longer necessary to leave anything in the tree, deletingly at the stage of the kidneys. If the tree weakened, then leave everything as it is, but at the end of the summer, free the crown from the extra branches. The walnut for the second year is focused on shortening branches up to two kidneys - the main and reserve. If both of them wake up, then one of them needs to be removed.

Of the remaining Escape of about 60 cm, it should be shorted to two kidneys during the subsequent trim. Walnut responds to such trimming the formation of the crown on fruiting. If shoots grow even more, then shortening them for several centimeters follows in August. When the main branches are already laid, the central conductor should be cut over the top. In the future, systematic shortening of skeletal and half-plated branches by 15-20 cm should be carried out, depending on the growth of the tree, delete the strambed threshold.

If you have a warm spring in your region, a positive result is more likely. The cuttings for the procedure should be prepared in the fall, immediately after the leaffall. It is necessary to store them in the cellar with a temperature not more than 10 ° C, in a drawer with wet sand and sawdust. Tree vaccination classic procedure.

Walnut is demanding of light. In thick plantations, with a side shading of a branch, he quickly die off, the crown is taken off, height and fruiting move up. In most varieties, the bulk of the fruit mass is formed on the terminal growth of short generative branches. Initially, due to lack of light on such growths, fruits are not formed, and the branches are also dying, fruiting decreases sharply. Under the conditions of good lighting, yield grows much faster than the size of the crown. It is noted that with an increase in the crown by 3 times the amount of fruits increases 18 times.

Intensive growth in walnut lasts up to 5-6 years of age (in the porch forms, he is shorter), the length of shoots can reach 1.5-2 m. Vegetative kidneys, laid in the sneakers of the leaves, begin to germinate after 3 years, from that time comes Crown saturation by turning branches.

With a strong increase in young plants, walnuts can form premature shoots from the kidneys, located close to the top, the angle of death is sharp. Green trimming can be caused by the formation of premature shoots closer to the base of the carrier escape.

The length of the generative branches on which men's and women's christmas are formed, from 6 to 15 cm. This is a sorticification sign.

The grades of walnut are different and the strength of the growth of trees:

• reaching 15-18 m (Muminabadsky major, korgeutsky, Krielyansky, Tashkent-2, Navraster, a crop);
• with restrained growth - 5-9 m (ideal, Pyandzhsky-2, Vakhsh, Glotoror, Pervomaisky, Crimean, hardy);
• slabor, the height of which is 4-4.5 m (dream, throne);
• dwarf (Anapa's dwarf) - the height of the tree is 1.8 m.

In the form of a crown from spherical to wide-walled. In the thickness of the crown: Rare (Baikonur), medium density (Corgeutsky) or dense (Kostyujukh, Kalarash).

Walnut is formed by an improved-long, modified leader or invigorate system. In any case, Krone is created on a stammer height of 1-1.5 m. The height of the stan is specified depending on the type of grade crown. It is important that it was as far as possible.

If the landing is carried out with weak seedlings (they are shorter or equal to the total length of the strain and crown zone), they should be shorted briefly, leaving 20-30 cm. From kidney of the bottom, severe shoots grow, one of which is chosen, taking it to the cola or spitting . On such a shoot, sometimes in the same vegetation manages (after green trimming) future skeletal branches.

Fig. 1 - 1-1) weak walnut seedlings, the dimensions of which do not allow to select the zone of the strain (a) zone of 1-1.5 m and the crown zone (b), cut briefly, leaving 20-30 cm; 1-2) A slam-free seedling is not curved, he has a muve of shoots with sharp cast angles formed in the upper part.

Fig. 2 - 2-3) a weak seedlock is cut at an altitude of 20-30 cm above the soil level; 2-4) from an accepted strong branch form a stramb, and in the next year the crown using branches with good angles of disheavage

If the seedling does not be cut, from pinned kidneys, his top will grind a meal of shoots with very sharp corners, which cannot be left as skeletal branches.

Enhanced Yarus Crown

When forming an improved-long system There are three branches in the tier with an interval of 10-15 cm. You can allow the creation of two branches from adjacent kidneys, but then the angle of discrepancies should be such that the third branch selected at a distance of 15-20 cm formed angle from one of them. discrepancies of at least 90 ° and no more than 150 °. Crown should not be one-sided. Branches from adjacent kidneys due to a weak bond with a barrel can be laid out. For the same reason, branches with dieting angles less than 45 ° are impossible. Branches that are not selected as skeletal are cut onto the ring.

In a year, when after-closing trimming is performed, it is necessary to remove the strambed threshold, which is more often formed near the vaccination location and may be abundant. If this is not done, the shoots necessary for the formation of the crown will develop weakly. If we remove the piglet in the spring, in the period of trimming, many wounds are formed on the strain, the formation is delayed, the start of the start of fruiting is distinguished. Porn shoots are removed by ochmygization when they are in a herbist state. Some gardeners prefer to pinch them over the second-third sheet, in order to enhance the survival rate of seedlings, improve plant feeding conditions in the initial period of their development. Since after the segments, strong shoots are not formed, they can be cut in the spring with the next trimming.

Above two or three single branches are laid above: the first 50 cm from the top branch of the tier, follow-up at the same distance from each other. After laying the last skeletal branch, the conductor is cut out.

For the formation of second-order branching, the main branches are shortened so that the necessary branching of two or three to each to each at a distance of 50-60 cm from the trunk and apart. In particular, shortening is necessary when the gains are excessively long. Skeleton branches are shortened and when they need to balance their development. It is unacceptable and strong shortening, which leads to the formation of powerful branches in the forks that thicken the crown.

Construction of the crown ends for the fourth year after landing. Then, if necessary, only thinning is carried out.

Changed leader crown

Modified leader crown Form of five alternately (spiral) placed skeletal branches with distances between them 50-60 m. In the lower three, they are laid in two or three branches of the second order at the same intervals. The process of forming such a crown is longer than a year with an improved-long-tier amount of skeletal branches. The lack of it, in addition to the already marked, is unreasonably long distances between the lower branches, which makes the lower part of the crown one-sided, increases the height of the trees. The dignity is the strength of the combination of skeletal branches with a barrel and some improvement in the light mode. If the distance between the lower three branches is reduced to 25-30 cm, and the remaining two lay down in 50-60 cm, then such a crown in the structure will occupy between the improved-long and modified leader, removing the flaws of both. It is called the nuclear-dialing leader and more often used when growing nut trees.

The structure of cupid crowns, allows you to have smaller trees. Good upper lighting, in such crowns to some extent compensates for the deterioration of lateral lighting when they are expanded.

Crashoid crown

A cupchaid crown Formed on the stamper the same height as other types of crowns, the number of skeletal branches is limited to three to four.

They are laid evenly around the circumference with an interval of 20-30 cm. When forming four branches, two bottoms can be laid out of opposite kidneys with a smaller interval or even adjacent. The top three lay down with the bottom: the third at a distance of 30-40 cm from the lower and fourth after 30 cm from it. The central conductor is removed. The formation lasts 3-4 years. The desire of the upper branch to take the place of the conductor is limited to trimming on the outer branch until the upper branch takes the necessary angle of inclination.

If the main branches are three, each form two branches of the second order, if four are usually limited by half-mowed branching.

During the formation period, skeletal branches are shortened to align their growth (trimming on the coencing) and for the formation of second-order branches.

After the creation of such crowns is completed, good top lighting is supported by cutting the branches thickening center.

With age, a lot of drying branches are formed in the crown, both inside and peripherals. Flowering begins with small branches, the productivity of trees falls. As soon as the process of motioning small generative branches begins, conducting a rejuvenating trimming of skeletal and semi-melting branches on 4-5-year-old wood. Cropped with their side or outer faceted branch, as a result of which its growth is stimulated. At the same time thin the crown. Walnut speaks well on such a rejuving trimming, quickly increasing the generative branches, the crop is restored.

If, after the rejuvenating trimming, it is necessary to restore the axis of the skeletal branch, the topmost of highly growing regenerative shoots are tied up to the support, giving it the desired direction of growth. If this is not done, it will be angry under your own severity, it will turn off and will not be suitable for the formation of the axial branch, the recovery of the crown is delayed. Next year, all unnecessary branches formed from sleeping kidneys are removed to avoid thickening, long branches, continuing skeletal axis, shorten for the formation of branching. You can delete unnecessary shoots when they are in a grassy state, having gone out them, but it is necessary to leave 2-3 backups in case of a salary selected to restore the branch of escape.

Bibliography

1. Fisenko A. N. Trimming fruit trees. Takes and ways of creating and maintaining highly productive crowns in fruit trees in industrial and amateur gardens of the South of the USSR. - Krasnodar: KN. Publishing house, 1990. - 278 p.

Did you know that the United States is the leader in the production of walnut? They have medium yield From one hectare of land is 3.4 tons.

And this is not surprising, because the value of the fruits of walnut and other types of walnuts are widely known. Their nuclei and oils made of them are used in the food and confectionery industry, as well as in medicine, vitamin, pharmaceutical and perfumery industries. Walnut wood is highly valued in furniture manufacturing. In addition, it is used for interior decoration houses, shops, wagons, bathrooms, etc.

Walnut

This plant is one of the most valuable wood species. Since ancient times, its surprisingly nutritious fruits are eaten, and the leaves are used in alternative medicine.

By nature, walnut is a mountain plant. You can meet it in the mountains of Europe and Asia.

Walnut - wood up to 30 m in height and up to 2 m in the diameter of the trunk. Durability Its about 400 years. The bark of the trunk is gray, smooth, as agrees a little cracks. The wood is solid, viscous, bending, although little elastic, is practically not working, it gives in to polish, has a good texture. Quite often used in the furniture industry for the manufacture of expensive and beautiful furniture, as well as interior decoration of houses, shops and bathrooms.

Croon nut has a spherical shape, strong and thick. It can reach huge sizes.

If we talk about yield, it all depends here directly from the variety of nut and its age. For example, from a tree that has reached 300 years, you can collect about 200-300 kg of fruits.

Most of the grades of walnut are unpretentious in care and resistant to frozen.

Beneficial features

Scientists have long been proven that the walnut kernels are amazingly useful. They are used actively in medicine and pharmacology. And it is right.

After all, no wonder our progenitors in antiquity were treated with nuts various diseases, did from the healing tincture.

The fruits are contained a large number of iodine, vitamin C, E, as well as other microelements, which positively affect the work of the brain, and the potency in men. In addition to the use of nuclei, it is worth noting the presence of lemon and malic acid, as well as sugar, calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate in a green outlander. The decoctions of it are recommended to be used during the treatment of anchina, or, as an anthelmilic drug, and the alcohol infusion on uncooked nuts should be taken in pain in the stomach and disorders of the digestive system.

Among other things, this plant has an anti-inflammatory, invalid, anticerotic and tonic effect on the human body. Also, with the help of nuts, it is possible to treat rickets, crofulosis, venereal diseases, tumors and ulcers. As you can see, the spectrum of action of this plant is pretty wide.

To improve the condition of the human body, you can use not only the kernel, but also leaves, cuttings, kidneys and bark. All this, with proper use, will help improve health, and in some cases even relieve diseases.

For example, nut leafs are used to treat venericual diseases, avitaminosis, gout and anemia, tuberculosis and even diabetes mellitus. Also, they are widely used in cosmetology and treatment of skin diseases, such as furunculosis, purulent wounds, dermatomycosis and chronic eczema.

ABOUT useful properties Walnut can speak very long, but is there any contraindications to the account of its application? Let's find out.

Walnut and side effects

It is impossible to abuse people with thrombophlebitis in the use of drugs prepared from oily villains and leaves, since they significantly increase blood clotting.

Exceeding the norm of nutrition of nuts can lead to strong head pains, so we do not recommend that they are strongly carried away. An adult man can eat 15 pcs, a woman - 5-7, and children at the age of five are no more than 5 cores.

In addition, as the fruits contain about 15% protein, they are not recommended to use people prone to allergic reactions. It is also forbidden to eat nuts to persons who are ill neuroders, psoriasis and eczema, since this product may lead to the exacerbation of these ailments.

Nevertheless, positive moments are much more than negative. Why actually the demand for this plant does not fall. Walnuts are increasingly people in private farms to provide their seven valuable product, and sometimes in order to create a family business. And, it is very wise. After all, you need to invest very little, and then, over the past few years you can make a profit.

Breeding walnut

Walnut garden for fruits can be created by planting seedlings, graft good varieties Walnut or its best forms. The creation of such plantations requires the organization of a whole walnut economy in which the selection is best species Saplings, their storage, cultivation of grafted material and double plants, construction of premises for the vaccination of trees throughout the year.

In addition to these methods, you can grow plants from seeds. This option is suitable for small farm and small plantations. It is worth noting that it will cost several times cheaper than having vaccinated or buy ready-made copies.

When planting seedlings, you need to diligently prepare the soil. It must be carefully fertilized. For this you can use different composts, peat or manure. Before this procedure, you need to clean the site from weeds and plow the earth. Then you need to prepare pits for trees. It is best to do this in the fall, and plant seedlings in the spring. It is necessary to distribute trees around the perimeter from this calculation: 6 * 6, 7 * 7, 8 * 8, 9 * 9. It all depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe plot. Of course, it is better if the distance between the seedlings will be more, in the future, with active growth, they will not interfere with each other, and the sun will illuminate them from all sides, and it is more convenient to collect the fruit.

The size landing pit It should be in diameter from 60 cm, and in the depth - about 80 cm. It is necessary to lower the seedlings into a cashaty mixture. That is, before planting, we pour water into the pit before planting, add fertilizer and earth to it, and only then we lower the seedling into this mixture. Top sprinkle with soil and water water. So that the liquid does not evaporate very quickly can be put on the top layer of the pit to put a straw, hay or freshly ached grass.

Caring for walnut at home

It is very important during the growth of a plant to receive a lot of moisture, so it is necessary to organize a timely and periodic watering of walnut. Especially there are trees in spring and summer, when the time of drought and heat comes. Watering is needed for each plant approximately 3-4 buckets of water based on one square meter Earth. It is worth conducting such procedures at least two or three times a month. In principle, this will be enough for normal growth and development of wood. When seedlings grow more than 4-5 meters in height, you can already pay less attention to this issue.

As for feeding, then it needs less. It is necessary to carry out fertilizer twice a year. Once - in the fall, and the second is in the spring. If you use nitrogen feeding, it is better to hold such a procedure at the beginning of the year, and, that's the potash and phosphate fertilizer are engaged closer to winter.

Another one an important point In the care of walnut is trimming. Let's consider this important question in more detail.

Trimming

So we approached the topic of interest. There are a lot of differences in this issue: some gardeners say that it is not necessary to cut the nut, he is formed, others say that the creation of the right crown should be monitored and trimmed in a timely manner. So, who is right? How to do it? Crop walnut or not? Now we will deal with everything.

Crown of this plant, like others, without good care It can develop incorrectly and lead to poor wood growth. Therefore, pruning must be carried out. Just do it stands with special care and care. First, there are such saplings of walnut, whose Crohon has been formed on their own, and do not touch them. But unfortunately, not all trees grow so much. There are such seedlings that need constant care and timely pruning.

It is very important to know that it is necessary to carry out this procedure since the middle of the summer. Young seedlings need to remove the lower branches, forming a stamp, leaving five to ten major pains. The fewer branches, the stronger there is a plant. It is also worth removing the paps that grow up, at the bottom, and those branches that interfere with each other's development.

Here in principle, and the essence of the circumcision of walnut. As you can see, there is nothing complicated in this matter or an unbearable amateur gardener.