Tsugunov Anton Valerevich

Reading time: 6 minutes

Every person wants to be comfortable and beautiful in his apartment. In solving this task, the choice of flooring plays a latter role. And since the floors in the apartment are experiencing serious loads, the selected material should be not only attractive, but also meets the requirements of safety, wear resistance and ease of care. Consider the most popular options for flooring and find out which one better suitable For laying in the apartment.

Today's market for Paul Paul Pepper Diversity. Parquet, laminate, linoleum ... Which one is better - a complex question.

All coatings can be divided into three conventional groups:

1. Wooden - parquet and parquet board, wood massif, plug, laminate.
2. Elastic - Linoleum, Carpet.
3. Ceramic or stone - ceramic tile, Porcelain stonewares, bulk floors.

Wooden group

Honorary place among materials for finish finish Paul occupy flooring, in the manufacture of which the tree is used.

Parquet is a classic floor material. He has not been coming out of fashion for many years and is an indicator of welfare and excellent taste of the owners of the apartment. Today's parquet looks like a finished shield of a fairly large size, made of the valuable tree of the tree with the existing pattern on it. Particular parquet meets. From it you can upload unique compositions. It makes it most often of solid rocks:

• from oak;
• beech;
• maple;
• ash.

Whatever view of the parquet is chosen, with proper care It will last at least 50 years.

Parquet is environmentally friendly and completely safe, but obliges to prepare a high-quality draft floor, refers to expensive materials and requires maintenance in the room of a certain temperature and humidity.

For the manufacture of the parquet board, natural wood is also used, but each lamella is not a solid piece of wood, but a firmly glued three-layer design. Such a coating will cost cheaper than parquet, it is easier in laying and care. Parquet boards are presented in different shades, they can be combined and composed compositions. This kind of floor will last about 15-20 years.

HELPFUL INFORMATION: Laying tiles on a wooden floor: Is it possible to put?

Coating from coating

Floors from ordinary wooden boards laid on lags do not lose their popularity. Despite the seeming simplicity, they have a lot of advantages:

• one hundred percent environmental friendliness;
• accessibility, practicality;
• the ability to create a room interior in a certain style;
• such a floor is pleasant for the legs and looks great.

With proper care, this coating will delight the owners of about 30 years.

Bung

Coverage from traffic jam close to ideal:

• It is natural, warm, strong enough, pleasant for feet and healthy health.
• The floors from the tube have a variety of shades, which allows you to create interesting compositions.
• This material absolutely does not accumulate static electricity.

The plug can be coated with special oils and varnishes, and can be operated and without coating. The service life of cork floors is from 5 to 20 years.

Important! Keep in mind that with strong mechanical exposure on the plug semi, traces can remain.

Laminated floors

Laminate is gaining increasingly popular due to its outstanding characteristics:

• It is available, practical and reliable enough.
• Laminate remarkably transfers the color and texture of natural wood, stone, tiles.
• Laminate boards are equipped with a castle system.
• With the laying of such a floor, even the newcomer can cope in the repair.

Laminate has several strength classes. The higher the class, the material is stronger and more expensive.

Elastic coatings

These include two material: linoleum and carpet.

It is an absolute leader among floor coverings:

• available at a price;
• simple in laying and care;
• absolutely not afraid of moisture;
• beautiful looks.

Linoleum can have a wide variety of shades and drawings, sold in sheets, rolled into a roll, or in the form of tiles. Such a coating is attached to the base floor with special adhesive compositions. After 5-10 years it will have to be replaced.

It can be called a relative carpet, which has its own characteristics:

• As part of the carpet can be both artificial and natural fibers.
• Sold in rolls or in the form of carpet tiles.
• It is fixed very simple and attached with glue.
• Diverse on texture and painting, trauma-safe.

The disadvantages of such an outdoor coating are relatively short term Services, lack of moisture resistance and complexity when cleaning and cleaning.

HELPFUL INFORMATION: Tassels for paint and painting work: their types and sizes

The hardest

This type variation is characterized by excellent performance.

Ceramic coating

Ceramic tile and porcelain stonewares have a lot of advantages:

• the floors covered with this material are not afraid of moisture;
• have a very attractive look;
• durable and durable;
• easily attached to special adhesive mixtures.

But they have flaws:

• The coating is obtained solid, traumatic and cold.
• It is better to mount the heating systems, otherwise it will be uncomfortable to walk on the floor without shoes.
• Before stacking requires special preparation of the basis.

Bulk floor

Modern bulk floors are used not only as a black screed. They can become an excellent finish coating and contain highly artistic bulk drawings and a variety of decorations under the polymer layer. Bulk polymer floors are:

• epoxy;
• polyurethane.

Both materials are environmentally friendly and durable, not at all afraid of water and other liquids, do not require any particular cleaning.

The disadvantage of this type of flooring can be called special demanding to the surface on which it is placed. The basis for them should be perfectly smooth, dry and clean.

Important moments when choosing a coating

Each person himself decides how to make the floor in the apartment. But when the material is selected, you should not lose several fundamental moments.

The main criterion for choosing the coating is the room in which it will fit. All apartment can be divided into zones:

• zone for reception and recreation (these are sleeping rooms, living room, children's);
• "Wet" zone (kitchen, bathroom);
• passage zone (hallway, corridor).

For each of these zones, it is necessary to choose its material on the basis of their functional features and loads that carries the floor.

• What to choose the floor, affects the lifestyle of the family and its composition. What is suitable for a lonely married couple is not always suitable for family with children. When children are in the house, the floor should be safe, hygienic and easily detergent. The same requirements should be the coating if there are animals in the apartment.
• Material security also plays a role. For example, the floors from natural materials are quite expensive. Families with limited sufficiency, they will most likely not afford to pocket.
• Located on the first floor of the apartment will limit the choice of flooring due to the increased humidity and proximity to the basement.
• Some apartments cannot be ascended by the floor due to the formation of additional load on inter-storey overlap. Consequently, from the sexes that require the device of a concrete screed will have to abandon.

HELPFUL INFORMATION: Dowels and anchor for drywall: write Driva, Knauf-Hartmouth, Molly, spring

What is suitable for sex in the hallway

In any apartment entrance hall - this is the zone of the highest load on the floor. Dust, street dirt, water, bicycle wheels and sledding of sled requires particularly durable and hardy outdoor pensions. At the same time, the entrance hall should be beautiful and not to be out of the overall interior of the entire apartment. What is better to make the floor in it?

From the materials listed above ideal for the hallway will be a porcelain stoneware and ceramic tiles. They are practically not limited to service life, easily clean, tolerate moisture, dirt and resistant to mechanical stress.

For a comfortable life in the apartment can not do without repair workrelated to floor coating. Options for what exactly can be seized on the floor in different rooms At the moment, it is enough, so it is important to know the basic rules and patterns of choice.

In order to independently lay the right gender, you need to have sufficient knowledge and skills that will make work qualitatively and for many years.

Design features

Since each residential premises in the apartment involves a certain occupation, then everything should be subordinate to this. That's why the bedroom and nursery glue wallpaper, in the kitchen and in the bathroom there are tiles, and in the corridor can be used at all decorative brick. But the floors are especially important, the floors are acquired, it is on them a person is all the time staying at home. Thanks to the good and high-quality coverage, it is possible to achieve maximum comfort in the room and the convenience of its operation by households.

It is important not only the coating itself, which is located under your feet, but also the design itself that hides under it.

In apartments, the floors are mounted on inter-storey plates and have two main layers:

1. intermediate;
2. floor coating itself.

In some homes, the intermediate layer does not fit and the coating is placed directly on the stove. It can be PVC, linoleum, laminate, carpet or parquet. Because of this design, sound and thermal insulation is very weak. The evenness of floors suffers, because there is no leveling layer. Modern buildings have a completely different system of flooring device, it is a reinforced concrete and metal structure with a complex device. They initially provided for a layer of heat insulation and there is an additional soundproofing layer.

If the house is built in the form of frame-monolithic elements, then the overlaps are performed from the ceramzite concrete. This material has good insulating quality. If the coating has a weak insulating property, then it is desirable to install an additional insulating layer for it. Creating overlapping from beams, a mineral wool can serve as a heat insulating material, which is placed between the beams, wherein the waterproofing layer can be added.

When the beams are ready, they can mount the intermediate layer, for which the lags, rough floors, the layers of insulation and waterproofing and the screed, flooring. Wooden beams can be treated and a coating of wood, which will eventually create a solid floor covering.

For some premises, you can not take overlap at all, they include basements, cellar, in which the screed is used as follows to the soil. IN ribbon foundation Sheet bases can help make the floor warmer and suitable for long stay. For such premises, ventilation acquires a special role, because there are no windows in them and in the absence of air output to be in such conditions it will be impossible. The size of the ventilation shaft will depend on the size of the room. If the basement is small, then the pipe is enough, if large, you need to plan a more complex system.

If the quality of the floors does not suit, it is necessary to dismantle the old coating and engage in installing the CSP, on which you can form a new floor.

To distinguish the rooms you can use molds. Especially they are important in the bathroombecause they will help protect other rooms from moisture accumulated after swimming and washing. When the base under the floor is made, the substrate is stacked, especially if laminate was chosen as an outdoor coating. If there is a need to warm the floor, then you need to cook the cake and pour them place where the warm floor is provided in the future.

Outdoor coating options There are a wide variety of installation on their installation differ radically. Some surfaces can be put on the finished floor, and for some you need to make a screed and raise level up to 10 cm to achieve the desired result.

Sound and noise insulation

In order to insulate the floor and reduce the noise level, there are a variety of materials that can be used during repair work.

These include:

• Polyethylene foamed. This material is stacked in the form of a layer, which is placed under the main floor covering and helps to muffle the noise and partially affect the heat of the coating. One presence of such a layer for finishing the floor will not be enough, it is important to equip it with additional elements.
• Construction of wooden beams. If indoors high ceilingsYou can raise the floor level using beams that are installed on unfolded foamed polyethylene. A mineral wool or foam is placed between the beams, but it is possible to pour clairzit. When everything is ready, sheets of plywood or osp are covered with floor. It is on such a coating that can be laid any foundation.

• Option dry screed. In this case, the film is placed on the polyethylene film, which places beacons for which the height of the insulating material is then adjusted. Only after that you can lay a gypsum fiber leaf, which easily lies with any coating.
• One of the simple but reliable coating options, with which good isolation is achieved is ekwata.. A quiet stroke for this floor is ensured due to the complex composition of the coating and its characteristics.
• Simple, but effective option insulation is polystyrene.. Its laying is made directly to the concrete floor. Based on the height of the ceilings, it can be raised to a certain level of the floor, putting the above material into several layers. At such a coating can be laid solid floor options.

In the new building you can get a coating of any type, and it is based on this to plan subsequent work. For each room, a variety of materials will be used, for the bathroom, toilet and kitchen, you must lay the waterproof floor, since the presence of moisture on the surface will be constant. Parosolation floors will also help cope with condensate, which often accumulates in the premises in high humidity.

If the repair is produced in the kitchen, the first criterion when choosing a floor will be its non-combustible properties and polyurethane substrates. The combination of these components will allow better results. Bulk gender can be used in any room, the main thing is to choose the key to select the content typeSo that it helps to strengthen sound insulation and create an additional layer of thermal insulation by making the floor indoors warm and enjoyable in any weather.

Types of coatings

For a comfortable stay in any room it is important to choose the right floor covering. If the repair is produced at home on their own, then it is important to good and high-quality new floors.

Options for such coatings now there are many, the main ones are:

• board;
• parquet or more modern variation - laminate;
• linoleum, or as an option - PVC-plates;
• ceramic floor tile or porcelain stoneware.

Choosing for overlapping the boardIt is important to select only tipped materials. These are acerd boards that have a parallelepiped form. One facet has a comb, which is located along the entire length of the product. It is done using a cutter, which helps to make the form of smooth, which is convenient in operation. Another side of the same element of the board has a groove that enters the ridge and snaps it.

Such boards may have a thickness of 25 mm to 45.Hollow floors need to be caught up with thicker boards, while cast can be covered thinner. The thickness level allows to regulate the strength of the coating and the level of its vibrations. Thin boards are stacked at a minimum distance from each other and lags should not be located more than sixty centimeters from each other.

By mounting such a floor, it is important not to reach the wall, leaving about one centimeter to change the size of the board under the influence of temperatures.

Choosing materials, it is important to pay attention to the material itself. Paul boards must be well sucked. After installing all the coating of the board, you can paint, polish or lacked. Indents from walls that make it possible to expand the coating are closed using a plinth. Choosing the material from which it is best to make the floor for a living room, you should not give preference to alder or lip, they are not suitable for this function.

Larch floorit has similar characteristics, but its distinctive feature is the ability to absorb moisture in the indoor itself. Thanks to this property, a person can feel great at any time of the year. Moisture does not spoil the coating and it serves a long time, bringing pleasure from use.

Parquet and laminate are in many ways similar to the wooden floor. Parquet has a pair that are located on each of the side of the board, having a small size. Small sizes make it possible to use valuable wood wood and produce a high percentage of products without any marriage. For parquet floors, there will be a draft floorTo which you need to mount each fifth board using a self-press, which is screwed in diagonal so that it is not visible.

Laying the parquet board can be carried out by several options. The most popular is the Christmas tree and chessboard. On the large squares You can combine various laying options, creating unique pictures. This type of floor is one of the most expensive.

With all the positive aspects of this material there is a very important disadvantage in it. When moisture gets, it will deteriorate, and if it is very much, it rises and put it back - an extremely difficult task. That's why was invented alternative to a parquet board in the form of a laminate. It is very similar to the parquet, but consists not from a tree, but from four-layer material. It is based on a tree fiber layer, which is thoroughly saturated with resin, and on the reverse side it is additionally present a mounting layer that helps to make the coating more hard.

The upper layer is a paper on which a specific drawing is applied. The most common option is to imitation of the tree. It is applied on top of it another layer of melamine or acrylic resins, which ensures resistance to erasing and exposure to moisture. Installation of laminate almost exactly repeats the system of parquet boards, which allows you to quickly and without much difficulty putting a new coating.

Cardinally different flooring is linoleum. It is very popular and finds its use in almost any room. It consists of a layer of fabric and its coating, which has wear-resistant characteristics. For a tissue layer, both true tissue and nonwoven options for felt type, which also insulate the floor are also used. Top of apply a variety of materials. It may be PVC with various options and compositions.

The design of the linoleum may be the most diverse - from various drawings and forms of a huge palette of colors. In addition, there is still a wide variety of this coverage according to the characteristics of strength and wear resistance.

Another option of flooring is PVC tilewhich is a composite material having several layers. The basis is a stone that is very crushed, and the upper layer is vinyl with high strength characteristics. Putting it on bitumen mastic or glue, which simplifies the process, and damaged elements can be easily dismantled and put new ones, which allows you to talk about the universality of the coating.

A low cost makes it possible to conduct a periodic replacement of pubic coating, changing the color or sorry and updating the space. The high degree of wear resistance makes it indispensable, and good fit to the surface makes it possible to use it in a wide variety of rooms.

Read more about PVC tiles See the following video.

The oldest material that was used For installation floors, ceramic tile is considered. Modern diversity Forms, textures and colors allows you to enter it in any interior. The main characteristics of it is strength and resistance to any external factors. From the disadvantages, only fragility can be distinguished when severe items and slippery floors, if water got on them.

The modern tile is stacked with mounting glue, which speeds up the process. Between each tile when installing the seam is left, calculated on the change in the shape of the product when different temperatures. All seams are lubricated using a special.

Such material is a porcelain stonewarewhich was obtained, baked ceramics at high temperatures and pressure. The resulting floor covering has unique strength characteristics. Externally, it looks like a product from a natural stone, but it is much easier for weight. Stone floor looks very effectively and expensive. The hygiene properties of this coverage allow it to be successfully used in the bathroom and kitchen.

It is one of the most common floor coverings that can be used in the apartment and put them on their own.

Design

In order to create a cozy atmosphere in the apartment, attention is paid not only by walls and furniture, but also the floor covering. It is important to choose the correctly as the material itself, from which it is made and color solutionSo that it harmonized with the whole environment. The walls often create the main focus indoors, therefore, the color selection of the floor will often proceed from them.

Material for residential rooms, such as bedroom, children's, living room, selected the most natural possibleSo that there are no harmful evaporation or other negative impact on the body. For hallway, baths, kitchens and corridors, you can use the floor from practical materials that will withstand moisture, shoes on heels and other factors.

A variety of coatings also generates new trends in interior design, and specifically the floor covering. New materials make it possible to use them in any room, while getting the priorities necessary for this space. The classic version of the flooring design assumes a monochrome color palette close to natural shades and textures. Modern tendencies Dictate colors, a variety of textures and drawings that can be entered into any interior.

Classic floors were often made of wood, and for their creation it is necessary to order a parquet from the massif of the real tree. Parquet itself can be piece, artistic or shield. For the same task, massive oak or exotic boards can be applied: Acacia, Walnut, Ilm and others. Oak boards are often artificially aged.

You can use a parquet board, but it is necessary to choose a drawing that will allow you to fill the space of the era of classicism.

Modern interior design requires and modern coatings. Using laminate, parquet boards, arrays, carpet, carpet tiles - everything is suitable in order to make the interior with modern. The exception will be only bathroom, it is better to use vinyl coatings for it..

Laminate is the most versatileBecause it can be used in the entire apartment.

Original decision will be the use of tiles in the kitchen or in the bathroom. For the shower room, the use of coating for marble will create an atmosphere of luxury and wealth. The marble floor will fit well into the design of the corridor, where the coating should be wear-resistant, but at the same time beautiful to present the room to everyone.

On the flooring in the apartment is often judged by the welfare and taste of the owner. In addition to aesthetic function, they must have high performance and long service life. Therefore, it is important to know from which to make floors in the apartment, how to choose the right screed for the base and flooring.

Types of flooring for floor indoors with high humidity

In the construction market, a large selection of flooring. To properly make a choice, you need to know which floor coverings are, their main characteristics and purpose.

One of the high-quality durable coatings is a ceramic tile. It is most often put in wet rooms or subjected to significant mechanical stress, for example, in a bathroom, hallway, kitchen and other rooms. Its main characteristics:

• high wear resistance;
• easy care;
• a large selection of colors and drawings;
• does not lose properties with high humidity;
• resistant to temperature drops;
• durability.

For wet premises, it is better to choose a corrugated or rough tile, it should not be slippery.

A special technology is similar to ceramic tiles in its composition, but with its manufacture, a special technology is applied. This is a very durable coating that has increased frost resistance and wear resistance. Material is stronger than natural stone, it is not afraid even hammer blows. Cerambulanits are produced with different degrees of surface smoothness, with imitation of marble, mosaic, granite, natural stone, etc.

Durability and Beauty - Laminate and Parquet Coverage

A parquet board has become a worthy parquet substitute. Special manufacturing technology increased the service life of the coating. Parquet covered with varnish after styling, parquet board is taking a varnish treatment at the factory. The board is produced in the form of multilayer lamellas. The appearance of the board gives the top layer for which the valuable rocks of the tree (oak, beech, maple, etc.) are used.

Last popularity has recently acquires laminate. He can also make a substitute for parquet. It can be used for whom the wooden floor can not afford. The assortment is from laminate, imitating marble, tile and other materials. It is made of chipboard and covered with paper on which the drawing is applied. On top of the board are covered with a protective layer. Dear coating options have increased protection against moisture, they can be used even in wet rooms.

Cork, linoleum and carpet - alternative types of coating

The plug is an expensive coating, but its characteristics make it one of the best options for the floor. This is an environmentally friendly natural material. It is a wonderful sound and thermal insulator, has an elastic and elastic surface. The plug is not suitable only for wet rooms. It stacked on an even foundation, usually on Faneru. Cork coatings are decorative, in the form of panels with the basis of MDF, used as a substrate for another coating.

Carpet is the perfect coating for the bedroom. A large selection of colors makes it possible to create in the room comfort. It has good sound and thermal insulation properties. It's nice in the morning to walk with bare feet. Carpet is produced from both natural and artificial materials, with different length of the pile. The lack of such a coating is the briefness and complexity of care. The pile is quickly fitted, rubs. Dust accumulates in the surface surface, so carpet requires frequent cleaning, preferably a powerful vacuum cleaner. More practical and durable nylon carpet, but it has a high price.

Cheap and use in demand for floors is linoleum. The reputation of the short-lived material was entrenched behind the artificial linoleum. This coating made of natural materials (plugs, resins, linseed oil, jute fabric, etc.), durable, resistant to moisture, mechanical effects. A fallen cup will not break on such a floor as on ceramic tiles. Linoleum is easy to lay, easy to care. In the construction market, a large selection of colors and patterns. Especially in demand, the coating, imitating expensive materials: parquet, marble, ceramic tiles.

How to choose a coating for destination

The floors should have not only a beautiful attractive form, but also high performance, which meet the purpose of the premises. Therefore, it is important to know from which it is precisely the floors with the appointment of each room in the apartment.

In the bathrooms and bathrooms, the floor should be resistant to a wet environment. At the same time, he must meet the overall style of the room. Requirements are presented to the coating in the kitchen, almost the same as to the bathroom. In addition to resistance to moisture, the floors should be wear-resistant and well tolerate mechanical effects.

Various liquids are often spilled in the kitchen, so the floors should be fine, be resistant to chemicals, have anti-slip properties. High resistance must have floors in the hallway.

On balconies and balconies, the flooring should withstand the temperature differences in a wide range. In addition, it is experiencing significant mechanical effects and should be sufficiently wear-resistant and durable. It is better to choose stone or ceramic options for these premises.

IN residential rooms The floor should be beautiful, durable and environmentally friendly, especially in the nursery. The floors should be harmonized with furniture, wallpaper, that is, answer the style of the room. Wooden floors and parquet make room the most cozy. These are expensive materials, but they can be perfectly replaced by laminate, imitating various wood species, or parquet board. Good option For residential rooms is carpet.

The basis of the floor is the key to its durability

Almost all floor coverings require a perfectly smooth base, so before their installation, the floor surface must be aligned. The question arises, which tie is better to do in the apartment? When choosing, you need to take into account, in what rooms there will be a screed. Depending on the installation site, it can perform the following functions:

• lines the surface and makes a stronger base;
• serves the heat, sound and waterproofing layer;
• hides communications;
• you can make the necessary slope in the bathroom or bathroom to flow water.

There are several types of screeds, of which you need to choose, taking into account the purpose of the room and the type of flooring:

• Concrete. It rarely applied in the apartment and takes a lot of time. Performed with a wet method.
• Semi-dry. There is less water in the screed, it dries faster than concrete. The use of a small amount of water makes the screed less durable.
• Dry. Performed with dry mixes. It is often used to equalize the base in the apartment.
• Combined. This is the optimal method for leveling surfaces with significant irregularities. If you use only a cement screed, it will be too heavy, as you have to do a thick layer.
• . They are poured with a layer of 3 cm. This allows you to reduce the weight of the base.

When the floor screed is selected, the following points should be taken into account:

1. 1. The time for which the repair must be completed. At least two weeks will leave the traditional concrete screed.
2. 2. With a warm floor device, it is better to use a screed that can be dismantled to access the heating elements. In addition, it must be resistant to temperature drops.
3. 3. View inter-storey overlap. With large creams between the slabs, the wet screed can flow between the plates and create problems with neighbors living below.
4. 4. Cost.

We do a self-leveling tie

Self-leveling screed is used if you need to get a perfectly smooth floor surface. The process itself consists of the following steps:

1. 1. First you need to prepare the surface of the floor, clearing it from garbage, dirt and dust.
2. 2. Next, you need to perform the primer of the sex surface.
3. 3. The solution is prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. For the solution of the solution, you can use a construction mixer or a drill with a suitable special nozzle.
4. 4. The mixture should be saturated with oxygen, so it makes it possible to stand for 5-7 minutes.
5. 5. Pill the mixture is needed along the wall, starting with the angle that is most removed from the door.
6. 6. The mixture is leveled with a needle roller and a metal brush.
7. 7. Fully heat dries over 3-5 days. To get a high-quality screed, it needs to be protected from drafts, direct sunlight, sudden changes in temperature and moisture.

In compliance with the manufacturing technology, a solid and durable surface will be obtained, almost not absorbing moisture.

In order for the floors for a long time, pleased with their beautiful appearance, you need to choose a right floor covering, make a strong even base for it and carefully care for them.

All work can be done independently, but if there is no experience and desire, it is better to trust professionals that will fulfill all work quickly and efficiently.

The floor in the apartment is the most important part of it. First, the furniture and most of the equipment are installed on the floor, washing machine, stove, bath, shower, toilet and other plumbing. With the floor, a person constantly contacts, walks along it, often barefoot. Sometimes you have to lie on the floor, even sleep. The floor should be well adapted to cleaning, as all garbage falls on it, liquids are spilled, the remains of food. The floor separates us from people living in the lower apartment, and comfort in the apartment depends on how well it is isolated.

That is, in addition to the strength, it should protect an apartment From outside sounds and someone else's climate. It is the finished, well-performed floor gives the apartment ensemble completion.

Floor device - the cheapest event. However, variety of materials and methods of its device allows to build a fairly comfortable and aesthetic floor based on the modest budget.

Thus, the floor in the apartment carries the following functional loads, which must be considered when it is:

1. Carrier.
2. Heat.
3. Sound-insulating.
4. Moisture insulating.
5. Aesthetic.

Floor construction in the apartment

The floor in the apartment is mounted on top surface Inter-storey overlap and consists of two main layers:

• intermediate;
• flooring.

In the simplest cases, for example, in the Khrushchev apartment intermediate layer absent. Outdoor coating in it, most often PVC tiles, linoleum, or thin codplanted parquet planks are glued directly to the top surface Concrete slab overlap with bitumen mastic, latex or PVA glue.

At best, the top surface of the plate before shooking was smoothed by a thin layer Cement screed. No wonder that in such apartments hearing and heat qualities leave much to be desired. The horizontal of the floor plane in such apartments is also far from ideal.

IN modern houses Archcharted overlaps are complex reinforced concreteor metal structures , supplied heat, moisture-, sound insulation layers. In frame-monolithic structures, overlap most often pour from keramzitobetone- Beautiful insulating material. In these cases, insulating layers should be installed in the intermediate layer if the insulating properties of the overlap are insufficient.

Wooden beam overlap can also contain tELLOWALLOADISHIZATION. Most often it is mineral wool laid between the beams. There may also be provided for a layer of waterproofing. Already on the beams, an intermediate layer is mounted, which can consist of lags, roughing floor, insulating layers of insulation and waterproofing, screed, and on top of the floor coating. The wooden floor, which, thanks to the glued boards, forms a single canvas, can be laid directly on the beams. If the beams are located far from each other, On lags attached to the beams.

The overlap may be absent, for example, at basement or basement rooms. In this case, the floor is mounted on a screed that covers specifically prepared pillow Consisting of rammed sand and rubble layers, lying on the ground.

Types of flooring

The floor in the apartment, unlike an individual house, is arranged at the existing overlap "from builders" in a new house, or by balley overlap in old. For this reason, before laying the floor, it is necessary Carefully Examine overlap. In old houses it is necessary to raise the old floor and conduct an examination of the beams of overlapping. Replace or strengthen damaged beams or replace them with new ones. The best solution will be the replacement of the beam coating with reinforced concrete.

Overlap in new homes, depending on construction technologies, It can be made of reinforced concrete panel floors, or in monolithic-frame houses - solid ceramzite concrete.

As beams can be used:

• wooden bar;
• reinforced concrete beam;
• metal profile (TAVRO or I-beam or rail).

Beams are mounted during construction straight into the wall Either concrete rigle mounted into the wall.

Beams can be wooden and concrete. In Khrushchev homes, as overlap most often used multiplass panels which served as the basis for the floor on the one hand and the ceiling on the other.

Overlap from builders except surface defects may have a slope. Therefore, the surface of the overlap is covered with a screed, which solves two questions:

• makes the surface enough smooth for the position of the floor covering;
• makes the surface horizontal.

Cement strainer

The simplest type of screed is a cement screed. Pouring solution is prepared from cement 400 brands and river washed and sainted sand. Currently, there are already ready-made dry mixtures. But it is possible prepare and independently. Composition of the mixture:

1. Sand - 3-4 parts.
2. Cement - 1 part.
3. Water is so much that the solution resembles sour cream.

Sequence of action when installing a cement screed:

After the end of all the work, all the time is hardening, it is necessary daily moisturize the surface Pouring by sprinkling it with water. It is possible to store the moisture to be sealing the surface of the fill with polyethylene.

Term of the final grasp and drying screed 28-29 days.

Semi-dry cement screed

Recently, the dissemination method has spread the method. Its main advantages are:

• a short period of rehabilitation of the mixture, sufficient for laying the floor covering;
• the lack of risk of leaks to the lower floor;
• the ductility of the screed and as a result is the absence of cracks and a cavity after hardened;
• additional heat and soundproof properties.

The composition of the mixture for laying a semi-dry screed differs from wet significantly smallerwater content. In addition, a significant amount of plasticizer is added to the solution - fiber fiber, holding a screed from cracking.

The composition of the mixture is as follows:

1. Pure building sand, dimensional module \u003d 2.0; fraction up to 5 mm - 2 parts.
2. Cement 400D20 - 7 parts.
3. Water - 1 part.
4. Fiber - 700 gr. per 1 cu. m solution.

The laying procedure is the same as in the case of cement screed With that difference that:

The main advantage of a semi-dry screed is that it is already through 12 hoursit hardens enough so that it can be walking. After 42 hours, it is possible to lay porcelain and tiles on it, and through 7 days- Laminate, PVC tile or linoleum. The fact is that although the semi-dry screed is gaining strength very quickly, moisture evaporates From it, gradually for a month. Therefore, it is better to arrange a parquet floor in a fresh screed after a month of exposure, because even minor evaporation Can spoil dry parquet.

Dry screed

The main advantage of the dry screed is that it can be covered with sex immediately after installation.The intermediate layer of dry screed is formed as follows. Waterproofing in the form of a polyethylene leaf of 0.2 mm is stacked on the surface of the overlap. From above, it falls asleep with a crumbling of clay or sand, which is thoroughly aligned in terms of the level and is compacted by a flat vibrator or rink.

The layer formed in this way is stacked metallic profile, which is covered with dry-fiber plates located in a checkerboard, which are attached mounting self-drawing To this profile. If the backstage has a thickness of more than 7 cm, the upper layer is strengthened by another layer of drying plates. On the finished screed, the floor covering immediately.

Self-leveling floors

In the case when it is necessary to get ideally smoothhorizontal surface ready for linoleum laying, PVC tiles or laminate, the best intermediate layer can be obtained by pouring on well waterproof The basis of a liquid solution of a certain composition. Such a solution is formed by water dilution, in accordance with the instruction attached to each package finished mixturethe large variety of which is currently available in the building materials market.

The mixture consists of cement, gypsum, shallow sand fillers and contains various chemical componentswhich contribute to rapid and uniform spreads, plasticization and stabilization of the resulting coating. Ideal horizontal surface It is formed under the action of gravity. That is why these mixtures are called self-leveling. Various formulations are associated from various conditions and different thickness of the formed coating.

Before the device, the floor should be placed between the beams of heat and sound insulation. It can be mineral wool, clayzit or slag. Porous insulating material largely loses its insulating properties when absorbing moisture or steam. So it needs to carefully isolate moistureproof film, For example, polyethylene or runneroid. If the size of the film is insufficient, its sheets should be imposed on a mustache, taking the edge of the scotch.

1. If the distance between the beams does not exceed 60 cm, then the floor can be laid directly on the beams. If not, then on the beams, perpendicular to their direction at a distance of 50-60 cm fit lags.
2. Lags are put directly on reinforced concrete overlap or tie.
3. Lags - it wooden bars 50 × 100 cross section coniferous rocks Tree. When laying it is necessary using the level to set the upper line strictly horizontally. The distance between the lags should not exceed 60 cm.

On the lags superimposed in advance The floorboard, which, thanks to the pin, forms a single floor fabric. In the walls it is necessary to mount ventilation moves, emerging from the walls at a distance of several centimeters from the plinth, closed by openwork hatches. These moves are necessary in order to valled The space between the lags and the bottom side of the board. For greater strength, the boards are attached to the lags by self-drawn, introduced at an angle at the level of the pin in order to hide their heads and get the opportunity to treat a single floor surface by polishing machine.

The best floor board is the red tree and oak, but most often they are made of coniferous woods. Optimal ratio price quality Possess boards from the Siberian larch.

After polishing the floor can be labeled or painted. And in that and in another case it is necessary observe instructionsin painting and, if necessary, pre-primer with special soils. It is essentially lengthen life lifecolorful layer.

The lamps can be laid on the lags, which can be laid PVC tiles, linoleum, laminate as an outdoor coating. For this, the draft floor is covered additional leveling sheet material, such as DVP. The coating of tiles or porcelain stoneware on a wooden coating is possible only under the condition of overpowering reinforced tie.

A draft floor can be dialed out of a geepboard, chipboard, OSP. In this case, additional leveling layer not needed. Parquet flooring on the draft floor.

Types of flooring

Flooring completes floor laying. This is the material that will be addressed to a person will be with him contact directly And which will take on all external influences.

Board

To coating a wooden board, a tipped floor board is used. It represents stretched board In the form of the right parallelepiped, according to one of the narrow faces of which the comb (spool) is elevated for the entire length, and on the other, the opposite, suitable groove. This form allows you to collect the boards so that the spool of one came into a groove of another, and to form a solid boards solid floor fabric.

The thickness of the genital board fluctuates from 25 to 45 mm. The thicker the board, the less "playing", that is, the floor begged. The thinner the floorboard, the less the distance between the lags should be. For example, with a blackboard with a thickness of 25 mm, the distance between lags cannot exceed 60 cm. When installing, gender flooring is needed Leave a gap Between the wall and edge of the floor at least 1 cm on the expansion of moisture and temperature.

The board must be good dried (at least 10% humidity). After installing the wooden floor can be polished, laid out or painted. The slot at the walls, at the end of the installation, covered with a plinth. The sex board is not made from Linden and Alder.

Parquet and laminate

Parquet, in fact, this is a floor board of a small size, having grooves and plots from all sides pairwise. Which allows you to collect the floor cloth from the dies relatively small size.

Parquet is undoubtedly the most friendly in relation to man flooring. However, he is inherent significant drawback. If you get even a small amount of moisture, it is breeding, and when flooding "gets out".

Alternative to parquet is unpretentious laminate. Externally, the laminate is very similar to parquet. In essence, it is a parquet board, but not made of an array of wood, and from four-layer material, the main one carrier layer which is a thin wood fiberboard impregnated with resins. On it, the mounting layer is pasted below, providing rigidity From above, paper, with an inflicted pattern, as a rule, imitating a natural tree, covered with another layer of melomine or acrylic resin, provides wear resistance. Structurally, the boards of laminate repeats shower castle Parquet, which makes it easy to quickly and safely collect coverage.

Linoleum and PVC tile

Linoleum is probably the most common and most universal coating Of all existing now. The first linoleum was a jute burlap, which caused material from cork chips, compressed with flaxseed oil as binder material.He perfectly proven itself for many years as a floor covering material, walls and countertops. The current linoleum retained the basic idea of \u200b\u200btwo layers, fabric and superficial, but also and the other has undergone many changes.

Mainly in modern linoleum as a tissue basis, various woven and nonwoven materials are used, the felt type, which serve simultaneously the basis and insulation. As a surface layer, numerous wear-resistant materials are used, such as PVC in different options and compositions. Modern technological capabilities allow to imitate on the surface of the linoleum any material and texture And paint it with incredible patterns.

All this allowed to produce incredible assortment For strength, insulating and other possibilities. But a distinctive feature of a linoleum, which favorably distinguishing it from ceramic tiles and stone, is its "warmness" in sensation and Some softness. The dishes that falling on the linoleam floor will not immediately disassemble. And the bruises in the fall on the linoleum will not be painful.

PVC tile is a tile made of a special multilayer composite materialbased on which lies ground natural stone And very durable vinyl. It is produced in a wide variety of colors. Due to its modularity and variety of colors makes it possible to get an incredibly design decor on the floor. Her main advantages:

• easy laying on bitumen mastic and adhesives;
• easy laying and disassembly makes it easy to replace damaged tiles;
• and cheapness - to change the faded pattern;
• the tile is extremely wear-resistant and fits well to the surface.

PVC tile - the most democratic materialfor floor covering.

Ceramic tile and porcelain stoneware

Ceramic tile one of the oldest facing materials. There were two varieties before:

• facing tile, covered with icing and having a subsellular painting;
• metlah, roarless, rough, for gender.

Now there are also ceramic tiles of various sizes and destination. Their main advantage is the strength of the material and resistance to any aggressive impact. However, in the manufacture of tiles, material and thermal processing modes.

Such countries of tile producers as Spain, Germany, Italy and the Czech Republic have been well established. Choosing a tile of such new market participants as Turkey and China, win in the budget But lose in quality. However, these manufacturers have high-quality products, which saves on the facing. The disadvantages of the floor covering from the tile is slipness If you get moisture, fragility when hit by a heavy object, "coldness" in sensation, hardness, which leads to the fact that the falling glasses and ceramics dishes beats on small fragments, which can imagine some danger For children and domestic animals.

If earlier the installation of the tile was carried out per solution, then with the development of the construction adhesive industry, the installation is made with their help. The main tool is wide spatula With cutouts for applying glue. Glue is applied to the tile, and then the tile is fixed on the prepared surface. You must not forget to leave a small gap between the tiles, for which there is a simple and affordable snap. This clearance is necessary to compensate for the thermal expansion of the tile when changing ambient temperature.The seam is then close to special grouts and improves the aesthetic perception of the surface.

Porcelain stoneware is very similar to the tile, but has a few quality different. Cerambulanants were obtained in Italy in the late 70s and produced by sintering ceramics and natural minerals at very high temperatures and pressure. This process is very similar to natural processes occurring in the depths of the Earth in the formation of granite. As a result, it turned out incredible durable material Superior granite and approaching Corounda.

Technology allows you to paint it in such a way that the tile of it not only imitates all the well-known gems and semi-precious stones, but also allows Any color and drawing, Moreover, distributed over the entire thickness, and not only on the surface. In addition, the material is lighter than natural stone and has additional thermal insulation properties. It is perfectly polished and a few warmer ceramic tile.

The most important advantage of porcelain and ceramic tile is their absolute hygienicity What makes them an indispensable flooring for the bathroom and kitchen.

Conclusion

The topic of the flooring of the floors is very extensive. It's obvious that material manifold And technology makes it possible to build a comfortable, functional and beautiful floor for every taste and for any money. Nevertheless, I would like to note that, despite the simplicity and understandability of the flooring device procedures, it is better for this responsible work. trust a professional Since to obtain a good result, the synthesis of knowledge, experience and practical skills of a person ever-employed work in this important direction are needed.

Not only the beauty of the room and the harmony of the interior, but also the atmosphere in the room, as well as the sanitary condition of the surface depends on the choice of flooring and design of the floor in the apartment. When choosing a floor for a particular room, an apartment is to be guided not only by beauty, coloring and coating price, but take into account the purpose of the room, the features of the microclimate in it, the subtlety of the selected floor, as well as the durability and wear resistance of the floor. That is why for each room in the apartment it is necessary to separately select material for laying on the floor. Overview of technical and operational characteristics different species Outdoor coatings from our article will help you pick up suitable option For your home.

Features of floors in the apartment

Most apartment buildings are elevated using reinforced concrete plates overlapping or monolithic concrete floors, so most often modern apartments They have a concrete smooth base of gender, which is suitable as the basis for laying any flooring.

The main advantage of concrete floors is their strength and durability. But they have one significant drawback - it is low sound insulation and unpleasant to feet cold. Almost all apartment owners are trying to fight these shortcomings. You can get rid of both drawbacks, it is thoroughly insulated by the floor. Typically, thermal insulation materials are performed and sound insulation functions. To significantly do not lose the slabs of the overlap, it is worth choosing a light sound and heat insulation material. That is why before choosing a floor covering in an apartment, it is worth taking care of insulation and sound insulation of the floor.

Options for sound and thermal insulation of the floor

For insulation and noise reduction, you can use different materials for the floor and their laying methods:

1. Polyethylene foamed layer Under the floor covering is able to slightly muffle the noise and make the floor slightly warmer. But there is no significant effect from such a way. Most often, this material is used in a complex with other floor materials in the apartment.
2. If the height of the room allows you to use a more efficient way of insulation. For this, the substrate unfriendly on the floor from foamed polyethylene Install wooden beamsAnd between them is applied mineral wool slabs, foam or clamzit. You can use other slab or rolled heat insulating materials. The thickness of the insulation depends on its effectiveness, the dimensions of the lag and the height of the room. After that, the coating of PSE, plywood or GVL is stacked. On top of such a base, any floor covering can be stacked.
3. The dry screed in the apartment allows not only to warm and sound and soundly insulated, but also thoroughly align it. The essence of this method is that based on the basis polyethylene film. Lighthouses are exhibited on it. After that, the lighthouses fall asleep bulk thermal insulation material (clay sand, for example). On top of it stacked tipped drying plates. For such a base, you can choose any floor covering.
4. No less effective modern soundproofing materials are equally based on cellulose and noisepostela, which is made of rubber, expanded polystyrene and acrylic additives.
5. Just and quickly insulate the floor in the apartment can be using polystyrene foamwhich stacked right on concrete slabs. If the height of the ceilings allows, you can put several layers of this material. Due to its high strength from above, it is possible to lay a solid facial flooring.

Tip: Most effective way Floor insulation is a heated system. For these purposes, warm water and electric floors can be used, as well as infrared mats.

Choosing an outdoor coating

You can use one of the ways of insulation of the floor or make laying decorative material Right on the concrete base. In any case, you have to choose a suitable flooring. For premises of various purposes, different materials are suitable. Also, their choice depends on the evenness and features of the foundation.

Today in the modern construction market you can purchase such decorative products for the floor in the apartment:

• porcelain tiles and ceramic tiles;
• laminated board;
• carpet;
• bulk floors (ordinary and 3d effect);
• cork flooring;
• linoleum;
• outdoor wood-based materials.

We will make a brief overview of the basic characteristics and features of using each material.

Porcelain stoneware and ceramic tile

This flooring can be laid on a flat concrete base or prepared and lined wooden floor. In the latter case, plywood, osp, moisture resistant drywater sheets or moisture resistant plasterboard are used for alignment. As a rule, the tile and porcelain stoneware are stacked in rooms where there are wet processes or increased humidity (in the bathroom, bathroom, in the kitchen). Also, due to the high wear resistance, these products are suitable for laying in the hallway and corridor. In the rooms, the tile can be used only in a complex with warm sexes, since this material itself is quite cold and walking on it is not very nice.

Main advantages:

• beauty, large selection of colors and options decorative decoration (There are tiles with photos and ornaments);
• practicality and durability;
• ease of care and hygienicism;
• high wear resistance;
• acceptable price.

The disadvantages include only the fact that the product is rather cold and slippery. The choice of such a floor covering in the apartment can be done taking into account the colors and drawings. You can give the following guidelines for the choice of this material:

1. If you decide to lay a tile in the heated flooring room, you can choose a coating in the form of an elegant panel, which will give the room a majestic appearance.
2. Tile for a corridor or hallway is better to choose in dark shades. So it will not be noticeable dirt from street shoes. In such a place, it is better to use a non-slip tile with a corrugated surface.
3. The choice of tiles for the floor in the bathroom and the toilet should also be done taking into account the fact that you can slip here. Therefore, it is better to prefer corrugated or matte products for the color of the overall interior.
4. Very practical tile floor can be in the kitchen. It is very important here that the surface is easy and not collected fat and dirt. The choice of texture and colors depends on the color and stylistic interior solution.
5. If you want to lay a tile on an unconflated balcony or loggia, then give preference to porcelain stoneware for outdoor use or frost-resistant options for ceramic tiles.

Linoleum

This flooring material in the apartment is in great demand, since has many advantages:

• simplicity and speed laying;
• acceptable price;
• large selection of colors, drawings and surface textures.

Linoleum is divided into artificial and natural. The first is made from polymeric materials And has a low price. The second option is used less often, since it is done on a natural basis, which affects its cost.

In addition, two types of linoleum are distinguished:

1. Commercial. It is a more durable and durable option that is used in public institutions. It has high wear resistance, but not suitable for laying in residential rooms, since there are harmful impurities in the material.
2. Household. This option is suitable for stacking in apartments. It is not so durable and wear-resistant as the first type, but for small loads on the floor in the ordinary room just fits. In addition, these products do not contain toxic components.

This material may be undoubted, on a warm felt substrate or on a foamed basis. Despite all the advantages, he has some drawbacks:

• The product cannot be attributed to natural materials, so it is impossible to be completely confident in its harmlessness.
• Linoleum remains traces and dents from furniture, which do not disappear after it is permutation.

This material can be laid in any room besides the bathroom and bathroom. As a basis, there may be a concrete screed, plywood base. The material is placed without using glue.

Bung

This natural product is quite a lot, but for its numerous advantages is worth paying:

• Cork gender features environmental cleanliness and harmlessness.
• Material itself has high heat and sound insulation qualities.
• Due to elasticity and elasticity by the floor, it is pleasant to walk.
• The natural cork warmth creates comfort and comfort indoors.
• The product is suitable for people with diseases of the musculoskeletal system and children.
• The material is not susceptible to temperature deformations.
• After rearrangement of furniture returns to the initial species (it has a volume memory).

Cork laying can be made in any room. In the bathroom and the bathroom should not use the plug due to high humidity. And for the corridor and the hallway it is not suitable due to low wear resistance. The product is placed on a plywood base without a substrate or on a concrete basis using a substrate from foamed polyethylene.

Self-leveling floors

This is a new type of floor covering, which is made on the basis of polymer components. Such floors are ready-made self-removable mixtures that need to be diluted with water in the desired proportion and pour it into the floor. The mixtures can already have dyes in their composition or color after drying on the floor. In addition, bulk floors can be done with volumetric patterns and photos. This uses a special technology.

Thanks to the finishing polymer coating on the floor, you can not only apply any photo or drawing, but also protect the surface from any aggressive substances, increase the wear resistance of the coating and its durability. Today, it is possible to find epoxy and polymer bulk floors. To make such a floor with a photo and a 3D effect, you will need to attract specialists with experience.

Laminate

This floor covering after laying is very similar to a massive or parquet board, but at a price more acceptable. Laminated panels for all ends have a special lock, which allows laying without gluing and using any mounting products. After laying a floating way, you will get a solid monolithic coating.

Laminate consists of such a layer:

• From above there is a protective layer of melamine or acrylic resins. Thanks to him, the surface is resistant to mechanical damage and abrasion. In addition, it has decorative functions.
• The second layer imitates the pattern of natural wood.
• The layer of pressed wood fiber is 4-8 mm. In this layer, the lock connection is cut.
• A protective layer of paper impregnated with resin.

Important: Laminate can not be laid in rooms with high humidity (bathroom, in the kitchen, in the bathroom).

Carpet

This rolled material on a latex, jute or felt-based basis. Watch carpet can be performed from natural or artificial material. It is a warm, pleasant for walking by Bosyak material, but requiring careful care.