They must be reliable, fire resistant, with good soundproofing and thermal insulation properties. The strength and durability of the structure itself, as well as the comfort and safety of the residents, depend on how the choice is made correctly and how high-quality the installation of the floor is. How do some types of these structures differ from others, which interfloor overlaps are better for a cottage, how to calculate the load, how to properly install - in the topic of this week.

Articles:

FORUMHOUSE experts tell you how hollow-core slabs differ from slabs made by formless molding, how to properly lay floor slabs in houses and avoid installation errors.

Wooden beams, anti-freeze additives and screeds. This review contains everything that the construction of building floors needs in the autumn-winter season.

Possibility of unsupported overlap large areas significantly expands the architectural possibilities when designing a building. This allows you to "play" with the volume of rooms, install in rooms panoramic windows length from floor to ceiling, to mount complex structures on site and build large halls. FORUMHOUSE experts talk about the need for calculation and nuances self-made wooden structures.

The armopoyas is necessary for even distribution of the load and the connection of the walls together, which well reduces the risk of cracks with uneven shrinkage of the building. When device attic floor with wooden floors, the armopoyas will redistribute the point load from the timber to the entire wall. FORUMHOUSE talks about the device of an armored belt in an aerated concrete house.

Video:

Ribbed monolithic bi-directional slab. Sometimes it is necessary to make large spans in the layout of the house. We are considering a ready-made construction technology of a monolithic ribbed bi-directional structure, which makes it possible not to use elements such as intermediate columns and beams.

Non-standard solutions in the construction of a gas block house. In the construction of this house were used non-standard solutions... Blocks 400 mm wide were replaced by two blocks of 200 mm. Various construction options are used to organize window openings. And for the construction in houses, they did not use an additional reinforcing belt.

Concreting at subzero temperatures. There is often debate about whether it is worth doing special work in winter, such as laying the foundation and monolithic work. The expert talks about the pros and cons of winter cottage construction, the use of additives of different quality and price, and what time of the year it is economically more profitable to build a cottage.

Pouring the armopoyas of a house from gas blocks. How to fill the armopoyas with concrete, what you can save on during installation, and what you should not save on, Dmitry Kuzmin tells from the experience of his own construction.

House made of aerated concrete with your own hands and at no extra cost. Overlapping. For four years Dmitry Kalinsky built a cottage from aerated concrete blocks near Moscow with my own hands... In this story, he shares his personal experience of laying concrete blocks, installing formwork, arranging lintels and armored belts, as well as installing windows on his own in a building.

Forum thread:

The purpose of this topic is to refer to it when you need help: Anatolevich shares his experience and photo report of the “ideal” monolithic construction with spans between high load-bearing walls weighing up to 4.5 m. Participants of FORUMHOUSE give their assessment of this work.

. Sergio1974 began to make an attic floor in his house, and therefore the question arose - where would it be good and correct to position the hydro-vapor barrier: laying in strips between the logs, laying a continuous canvas, practically "wrapping" the timber in insulation, or fixing the insulation to the logs and closing with a fine finish. Which of the construction options most has more rights to use, their advantages and disadvantages are discussed by members of the forum in this thread.

Many projects have a bay window with an open balcony above it. The construction of the ceiling (heat and waterproofing, drainage, abutment to the main wall, etc.) for a self-builder is a real minefield, it is easy to make mistakes, especially with reliable waterproofing and thermal insulation. "Sappers call back!" - called the topicstarter sailor, and knowledgeable members of the forum expressed their opinion.

Between the slabs of the first floor, there was a span across the entire width of the house. Have azid the question arose - what to support the floor slabs above the stairs: I don't want to put a wall there, so as not to block the free access to the stairs. Is it possible to solve this problem - read the topic.

There are always a lot of questions and doubts that complicate the choice of interfloor overlap. Any of them you can ask and resolve here together with experienced users and FORUMHOUSE experts.

When planning the construction of a country cottage, the owner has to solve the difficult question of choosing floors. Some contractors advise him to use reinforced concrete panels, others insist on using wooden beams as overlapping.

We decided to help newbies get out of their predicament. In our article you will find an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of wooden interfloor floors.

Useful tips for their installation and important nuances doing this work will also not be superfluous. We hope that the information received will be useful to you at the construction site and will help you avoid serious mistakes.

A stereotype has developed in the minds of citizens, according to which precast concrete panels are the only possible solution for any building. It is not difficult to overcome it.

It is enough to list the advantages of timber joist floors:

• The minimum cost (1 m3 of timber is several times cheaper than 1 m3 of hollow panels);
• The load on the walls is 2-3 times less than from the panels. This allows you to significantly reduce the consumption of reinforcement and concrete when constructing a foundation;
• On small spans (up to 4 meters), wooden beams can be laid by hand using the simplest tools (winch or lifting block). To mount heavy slabs without a powerful crane is an unrealistic task;
• Low labor intensity and high speed of work (in comparison with pouring a monolithic reinforced concrete floor);
• Environmental friendliness (granite gravel is used in concrete, the radiation background of which can significantly exceed the norm).

As you know, there are no advantages without disadvantages. Wood floors have few of them:

• Increased deformability. It manifests itself in the effect of vibration when walking and the formation of cracks at the junction of plasterboard partitions;
• Low fire resistance (no special impregnation);
• Relatively short length (no more than 6 meters). For reinforced concrete panels, it reaches 7.2 meters.

Among the disadvantages of these structures, some authors of feature articles include the formation of cracks in the ceiling plaster and poor insulation of impact noise. However, with a competent approach to installation, these two problems can be solved simply and reliably. To do this, a number of less thick beams are laid below the load-bearing beams, specially designed for filing the ceiling (drywall, OSB, lining, board).

The filing bar, like the main one, is placed on the wall, but lower, and the ceiling lining is attached to it. This solution is not often found, although it is competent and its history goes back more than one century, in addition to cutting off the structured noise of the second floor, this option eliminates cracks in the ceiling. They appear in the case when the beam serves as a support for the floor of the second floor and at the same time the ceiling of the first floor is hemmed to it. Cracks appear in the finish from vibration and shock loading.

Applications and calculation of wooden floors

• in buildings constructed of wood (frame and chopped);
• v country houses designed for summer operation;
• v outbuildings(sheds, baths, workshops);
• in prefabricated houses of collapsible type.

In addition to the listed options, wooden structures for interfloor floors can be used in cottages intended for year-round residence... Only in this case, you need to use a two-row system for installing beams, which we described above.

We do not recommend choosing the section of the timber according to the principle “the thicker the better”. There is a simple calculation method taken from building codes.

According to it, the height of a wooden beam should be at least 1/25 of the size of the span to be covered.... For example, with a 4-meter distance between the walls, you need to buy a sawlog with a section height (H) of at least 400/25 = 16 cm with a thickness (S) of 12 cm.To create a safety margin, the found parameters can be increased by 2-3 cm ...

The second parameter that needs to be chosen correctly is the number of beams. It depends on their step (the distance between the central axes). Knowing the cross-section of the beam and the size of the span, the step is determined from the table.

Table. Selecting the pitch of the beams

The calculated load of 350-400 kg / m2 indicated in the table is the maximum for the second floor. If it is not residential, then its value will not exceed 250 kg / m2.

When planning the layout of the beams, it is necessary to take into account that the two extreme ones should recede from the end walls by at least 5 cm. The remaining beams are distributed evenly along the walls (in accordance with the selected step).

Stages and features of installation

Technologically, the overlapping device on wooden beams cannot be called complicated. The main attention should be paid to the alignment of the beams horizontally and the quality of embedding their ends into the solid wall. You can't just put the beams on the masonry and lay them with bricks. It is necessary to provide them with a reliable connection with the walls and to protect the wood from decay of high quality.

Options for embedding beams, depending on the material of the masonry, the type of wall structures (external, internal, chimney) and methods of their fastening are shown in the figures.

The length of the supporting part of the beams in a brick and block wall should be at least 16 cm (in wood 7-8 cm). If, instead of a timber, paired boards are used, placed on the edge, then they are embedded in the masonry by at least 10 cm.

The side parts of the beams in contact with the wall are wrapped with 2 layers of glassine or 1 layer of roofing material. Experienced craftsmen cut the ends of the beams at an angle (60-70 °) and leave them uninsulated, while not forgetting to treat them with an antiseptic composition on a level with the rest. This ensures the "breathing" of wood wrapped in waterproofing.

When installing the overlap on the sides, small gaps (3-5 cm) are left at each beam, filled with mineral wool or tow. A heat insulator is also placed in the space between the end of each beam and the wall. This eliminates the "cold bridge" arising by reducing the thickness of the masonry.

When constructing ceilings in walls made of aerated concrete and wood concrete blocks, it is recommended to use an open seal. In this case, the ends of the beams are also cut at an angle, antiseptic and pasted over with tar paper on mastic, leaving the ends free.

The outer wall of the nest is insulated with felt or mineral wool and a box made of pieces of antiseptic board is inserted into it. Its height is chosen such that an air gap (2-3 cm) is formed above the beam. Through it, water vapor that accumulates in the wood will escape into the room in the plinth area. This solution protects the supporting part of the beam from decay.

In practice, developers most often use a simpler termination method without the use of insulation and a wooden box, closing the logs with cut-off blocks or simply with a raster.

The floor beams are supported on, which is used to increase the spatial rigidity of the block masonry.

Beams are embedded in the internal load-bearing walls closed way... To increase the stiffness of the overlap, they are connected after three with steel anchor plates.

The section of the beam adjacent to the smoke channel is insulated with asbestos or other non-combustible material. The main protection against fire here is a brick cut (thickening of the pipe masonry) with a thickness of 25 cm.

V wooden houses installation of beams is performed in two ways:

• Cutting into log crowns;
• Through a steel shaped plate (stool) fixed to the wall with threaded rods.

Installation of floor slabs by cutting into walls

Option for installing beams on "chairs"

If the upper floor or the attic will not be residential (heated), then it is necessary to insulate the wooden floors. To do this, a heater (mineral wool, ecowool) is placed in the space between the beams, after having spread a layer of vapor barrier over the ceiling lining.

Styrofoam should not be used for this work for three reasons:

• It does not allow water vapor to pass through, and the wood underneath it rots;
• Does not isolate impact noise;
• Is problematic from the point of view of environmental friendliness.

The construction of the insulated floor is shown in the diagram.

Similarly, the insulation of the floor of the first (basement) floor is carried out. The difference between them is that it is quite difficult to hem the beams from below from a shallow underground. In this case, the builders act differently. They knock a cranial block (5x5 cm) to the lateral edges of the beams. An antiseptic boardwalk is laid on it. It serves as a support for the slab insulation placed in the gaps between the beams. A vapor barrier is placed under the mineral wool. A vapor barrier is also laid on top of the beams. After that, logs are attached to them and a finishing floor is already mounted on them.

The mineral wool slab should be placed between the beams as tightly as possible to prevent blowing through the floor. For better insulation, all joints of the insulation are treated with polyurethane foam.

The horizontal control of the installation of the beams is carried out using a bubble level laid on a flat long board. For leveling, trim boards are used, protected by bitumen mastic. They are placed under the ends of the beams.

The vapor barrier sheets should be laid with an overlap of at least 10 cm and all joints should be glued with construction tape.

To reduce the impact noise, before the installation of the second floor floor log, a soundproofing tape 5 mm thick is laid along the beams. A waterproofing film is placed under the logs only if the premises of the second level are residential. It will protect the insulation from water ingress when cleaning the floor. The technology of its installation is similar to laying a vapor barrier.

The final stage in the construction of a wooden floor is the installation of a sub-floor made of boards, plywood or OSB boards using self-tapping screws. After the completion of this work, a finishing coating is laid from laminate, linoleum, parquet and finishing ceiling.

The upward trend in the number of floors in private houses makes it necessary to solve the problem associated with the construction of floors. The level of modern building technologies allows you not to be tied to certain conditions that are associated with the configuration and size of the premises of the house. This expands the possibilities for the implementation of ideas and facilitates the work. Before you start building floors, you need to thoroughly understand how this is done. In this article, we will describe in detail how and from what to make overlappings between floors.

Basic requirements for floors between floors

Overlappings form the number of storeys of the building

A slab is a structural element of a building that divides the building in a horizontal plane with the formation of floors, and also separates them from the attic and basement. The share of construction costs for this structure is about 20% of the construction estimate. Overlapping refers to critical structures, therefore, at the design stage, one should adhere to the basic requirements that apply to them:

1. Strength indicators should be at a level that allows you to withstand the load, consisting of its own weight and the mass of structural elements, objects and people. The strength of the overlap increases with a decrease in the level of its location.
2. Stiffness parameters are in direct proportion to the strength and width of the structure. For wooden structures, bending is allowed within 0.5-0.7% of their width, for steel beams - 0.25%.
3. The overlap must provide sufficient sound insulation, at which the noise level is within the limits of sanitary standards. An improvement in this indicator is achieved by increasing the tightness of the joints.
4. The structure must be sufficiently insulated. If it is located between rooms with a temperature difference of more than 10 degrees Celsius, additional heat preservation measures are required.
5. To achieve the required fire safety, the floor material must have a certain fire resistance. This concept means the degree of protection of premises from the effects of fire over a certain period of time.
6. The combination of weight and thickness of the structure must be optimal.

How are floors classified?

Depending on the level at which the floors are located, the requirements for them differ.

Overlapping happens:

Floor construction is a serious matter

Interfloor floors: manufacturing options

In construction, there is a wide variety of solutions for the organization of floors. They may be:

1. Bezel-less: prefabricated, monolithic and precast-monolithic.
   
2. Beam: wooden, metal, reinforced concrete.
3. Wooden.
   Wooden floors

   This design is the most common in construction. country houses... This is due to the ability to create the overlap yourself. In addition, the material is affordable and has good sound and heat insulation properties.

4. Metallic.
   This type of overlap is usually used when organizing a basement and basement. Metal structures have high reliability and long service life, as well as their dimensions are smaller with the same bearing capacity.
   Metal products do not have sufficient thermal insulation and are susceptible to corrosion. The structure can be constructed of channels or I-beams, which are laid at a distance of 500-1500 mm from each other. They are used for mounting small-sized reinforced concrete slabs.
5. Reinforced concrete.
   The use of this option necessitates the use of lifting equipment, since the mass structural elements significant. In addition, the foundation is exposed to heavy loads, which should be taken into account when designing.
   Reinforced concrete floors

   The indicators of sound and heat insulation of the material are at an average level, reinforced concrete is difficult to process and has increased labor costs during installation.

6. Caisson, arched and hipped.
   Caisson and hipped roof ceilings are a type of ribbed panels. They are used in the construction of large-sized objects with complex architectural forms. Such floor structures are not relevant for the construction of private houses, as well as arched-type floors.

Overlapping on wooden beams: features

The construction of interfloor floors made of wood has a number of advantages:

• the design is simple in execution, you can make it with your own hands. Its installation does not take much time. The cost of work is significantly reduced, due to the lack of the need to use special equipment, and measures for lifting and moving material can be carried out with one or two assistants;
• availability of wood. Used for the manufacture of beams conifers trees that are widespread;
• relatively low weight, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the weight of the structure as a whole. Thus, construction costs are reduced;
• ease of installation of sound insulation improves the comfort of living in the house;
• wooden structures are less expensive, which in general gives significant cost savings;
• the speed of creating a floor is comparable to the installation of a floor with slabs and is carried out in a day. In this case, a crane is not needed.

Overlapping on wooden beams

The disadvantages of wooden floors include:

• the existing limitation in length (4.5 m) does not make it possible to construct overlappings over premises of greater length without additional support;
• high fire hazard of wood requires special processing of parts;
• the tree is exposed to a number of biological factors, which is prevented by appropriate treatment;
• relatively low strength.

Monolithic flooring on corrugated board: what to look for

The difference between creating a flooring on a corrugated board from a concrete one is the fact that in the first case, special formwork is not required, and as a result, they have a finished ceiling. In addition, the technology using corrugated board does not need finishing or revision.

The profiled material configuration creates the necessary strength and rigidity of the floor, thereby reducing the need for reinforcement and concrete. This is possible due to the fact that the solution fills only the voids of the ribs, and does not occupy the entire surface of the sheet.

To create such an overlap, it is important to use exclusively sheets intended for the roof.
The essence of the technology lies in the use of corrugated board as formwork, which is not dismantled after pouring with concrete. The resulting structure has a special structure as load-bearing supports, consisting of metal columns, beams, logs. As a result, the load is redistributed from the floor to the supports, while the walls are not loaded. Such a constructive solution makes it possible to carry out lightweight walls.

Overlapping on corrugated board

In addition, the organization of the support system allows instead of an expensive strip foundation apply a glass-type support. This will significantly reduce the construction budget.

Overlapping slabs between the first and second floors: reinforced concrete

Slabs made of reinforced concrete are widely used. According to some parameters, when compared with the monolithic execution of the floor between the first and second floors, they have the best performance.

The organization of such an overlap requires a strong foundation and implies the construction of walls from durable materials. As a rule, floor slabs are used for high-rise buildings.

Reinforced concrete slab structures are reliable, durable and have a long service life. The magnitude of the loads that concrete can withstand is colossal. It is characterized by the property of increasing strength characteristics over time. In addition, the material fully meets the requirements for heat and sound insulation, and also has sufficient fire safety. The process of installing slabs does not require much time when using special equipment and is not difficult.

The main disadvantages of reinforced concrete products include their significant weight and the need for use when installing special equipment. In addition, such overlaps require the creation of a screed so that the load is not uniform on them.

With all the shortcomings reinforced concrete slabs floors are successfully used in the construction of private houses.

For execution interfloor overlap in private housing construction, as a rule, one of four options is used:

Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. Let's look at each of them in more detail and try to find the most suitable option for us.

Before I start expressing my opinion about each option of overlap, I want to draw your attention to the fact that any of them is best performed on a reinforced belt. Firstly, a reinforced belt will give your structure an additional margin of safety, and secondly, it will more evenly transfer the load from the floor to the walls.

It is carried out in buildings with walls made of almost any material, but I can say that this type of overlap is ideal for walls made of SIP panels. I cannot say that this method is less laborious than the others, rather the opposite. The meaning of this design is as follows: with support on the load-bearing walls, wooden beams with a section of 100x200mm are laid, the beams are laid on the side with a length of 100mm, the distance between the beams is from 0.60m.

On many sites you can find the given calculations of floor loads, distance and section of beams which must be used depending on the length of the span (the distance between the bearing walls). On this occasion, I want to say only the following: Do not bother yourself. All these troubles are drawn from SNiPs and GOSTs for construction, written in the last century for standard construction. Think for yourself, most of the lumber is made with a length of 4.50 m, a section of a bar 200x200mm, a half-bar 200x100mm. It is quite difficult to find or order lumber with other parameters and it turns out to be expensive for money. So why do you need it? Have some extra money? Give the money to your wife, she will find a worthy use for it ;-). It just so happens that it is better to think in advance about what kind of material the floor will be made of and to design rooms with the appropriate geometric parameters, so as not to run around the neighborhood later, in search of a bar 5.50 m long and 300x150 mm in cross section. Based on all of the above, we return to the essence of our question: we take beams with a section of 200x100mm, the distance between them is 0.60m and we finish the puzzle here. It is advisable to use larch timber for overlapping, this type of wood is very resistant to decay compared to other types of wood.

After installation, they are attached to the beams cranial bars with a section of 40x50mm. They serve as a support for the roll-up shields. You can fix the bars with both nails and screws, the main requirement is reliability. The bars must bear the weight of the roll-up boards and materials that act as sound insulation.

Next, roll-up shields are laid. The roll-up shield is a low-grade timber plank laid perpendicular to the beams on the cranial bars. In our case, it is quite possible to use substandard tees, its thickness is 20mm, width is 180-250mm. Before laying, boards for the roll-up shield must be antiseptic and treated with fire retardants. There should be a gap of 8-10mm between the roll-over board and the floor beam. The gap between the boards of the roll-up board itself should be minimal.

On the roll-up shield, I advise you to lay plastic wrap in one layer with an overlap on floor beams... This is done so that particles of soundproofing material and dust do not fall through the remaining cracks.

Then the soundproofing material is laid. As such material, you can use mineral wool, sawdust is well suited from available tools, less often polystyrene concrete slabs with a strength grade of D200 or less are used.

After soundproofing, a sub-floor of 40-50mm thick planks is laid, and a number of works are carried out to arrange the final floor.

Precast concrete floor slab

As in the case of the basement interfloor, it is very labor intensive. Simply put, it will be quite difficult for you to make it yourself. This is due to the fact that the implementation of this requires the installation of formwork, a large number props, making a serious reinforcement cage and high-quality concrete mix. Based on all of the above, I strongly recommend that you do interfloor overlap on beams or slabs. If you are able to use metal I-beams, then it will be just gorgeous. But for lack of something better, I advise everyone else to take foliage beams with a section of 200 x 100mm. This method is the most optimal in terms of price / quality ratio.

Currently, this type of overlap is becoming quite popular. The design is such that it allows you to overlap, both along the basement and between floors. The use of small hollow blocks allows for floors in buildings with a complex geometric shape (the use of bay windows and other architectural delights). The essence of this method is quite simple:

Hollow metal beams are laid

Hollow blocks are laid on beams

This whole structure is poured with concrete.

In this case, it is very important that the concrete has as much adhesion to the beams as possible. Well, everything seems to be simple. This type of flooring has a number of advantages over prefabricated and monolithic floors:

The construction process requires less labor costs (3-4 people)

lighter overlap (20% lighter than precast, and 50% lighter than monolithic)

The cost is significantly reduced (up to 30%)

No construction equipment required (enough power tools)

No leveling screed required

It's pretty simple. As I deal with this type of overlap in more detail, I will immediately write a detailed article on this topic.

Comments:

The interfloor overlap is one of the main components of the structure of a private house, therefore, the strength of the entire structure depends on how high-quality it is. When working on the floor, the builder must understand that it must be so strong that it can easily support its own weight, as well as the weight of all internal partitions and all furniture on the floor, the weight of the owners of the house. It must be strong and in no case bend in order to avoid the risk of collapse.

The durability of the entire structure as a whole depends on the reliability of the inter-floor overlap.

However, sometimes deflections still cannot be completely avoided, therefore there are norms under which the structure is considered safe. If the floor is made of wood, then the maximum deflection should not be more than 0.6%. When it comes to steel slabs, this maximum number is 25%. This structure is responsible for the rigidity and stability of the structure of a private house, therefore, the transverse rigidity of the interfloor overlap should also be as large as possible. Based on all the requirements, it is worth concluding what a specialist or a very well-informed person should do on their own.

But the overlap functions don't end there either! Having made it, you must be sure that it is not only strong, but also completely fire-resistant and temperature drops in the rooms or the presence of a fireplace will not create a fire. Also, at your request, the overlap can be added beneficial features as soundproofing, thermal insulation, waterproofing.

The work on the floor structure should be in accordance with the design and structure of your home, its walls, partitions and foundation. It is very important to take this into account and, if possible, consult with experts in this field, if you have decided to do the work yourself.

For example, if your walls have frame structure, and the foundation is columnar, then the building will collapse if you use reinforced concrete floors.

Features of work such as this, you should definitely know before starting work.

What are the requirements for the overall design?

Perhaps, first, we should figure out which General requirements and rules exist for the construction of intermediate floors, from the foundation to the roof. Let's look at them in the order in which a building is usually constructed. House designs are completely different, so we will consider the most common one as an example. Many houses have a basement, so the first floor will be a basement. It separates the basement from the very first floor of your private home.

Back to the table of contents

Basement floor requirements

As you probably already guessed, it is this structure that accounts for the greatest weight and load. First of all, this is the weight of all internal partitions, and if they are load-bearing, then the weight of all objects that rest on these load-bearing walls. And the first floor itself will obviously contain elements of furniture that are very heavy in weight (many people have a fireplace and a kitchen on the first floor). Although during the construction of the lower floor there are also positive aspects that facilitate the work: the weight of this particular structure, no matter how heavy, helps to support the foundation itself, in contrast to the interfloor and attic floors.

It should not be forgotten that if your basement does not have heating, then you should make high-quality heat and steam insulation. The vapor barrier should be placed on the insulation, on top of it, since the diffusion of water vapor will move from the heated, warm room of the first floor directly to the lower, cold basement room. With a warm basement with heating, the instructions for its construction are no different from the usual interfloor overlap. If the room in question has high humidity or provides for leaks, this room should be equipped with waterproofing.

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Interfloor overlaps

Overlaps that separate exactly living rooms from each other are called interfloor. Here is very important role plays what kind of floor structure you choose. An accurate balance must be struck between the dead weight of the floor and the bearing strength of the walls. This should be given Special attention, since there are often cases when it is necessary to install additional load-bearing walls in order to significantly shorten the span. You may also need to give up purchasing furniture that is too heavy.

If you like a calm, quiet environment, then in rooms such as the bedroom, if you wish, you can install soundproofing. In the bathroom, do not forget about waterproofing in order to avoid the accumulation of moisture in the floors.

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Attic floor

The work of such an overlap is to separate the living space from the attic. The most important thing that you must do when building this floor is to take care of the availability of thermal protection. It should be remembered that insulation can lose its heat-insulating ability over time, so it needs protection from moisture. This will help the installation of a vapor barrier, which should be placed under insulation. If your roof is made of metal, then a layer of insulation will help get rid of noise.

So, we figured out the basic rules and requirements, now we should go on to consider the types of interfloor floors and instruct on how to make an overlap between floors with our own hands.

So, the types of floors:

• floors that are made of wood;
• interfloor floors made of monolith;
• reinforced concrete slabs to be assembled.

Back to the table of contents

Interfloor floors made of wood and the method of their installation

The composition of interfloor wooden floors can be described as follows: support beams, a rough floor prepared in advance from below (optionally with thermal insulation material) and counter-rails installed on top, along which the floor of the boards is laid. The maximum span width for this type of overlap is 5 meters. Having calculated what loads will have to withstand wooden floor, you can choose the parameters of the beams. They can be from 135 mm to 240 mm in height.

Thickness starts from 50 mm and goes up to 160 mm. The installation step is 60, 85 or 100 cm, depending on the selected beam dimensions.

The overlapping device originates from the preparation of the beams. The ends of all beams should be cut before starting work, observing an angle of 60 degrees. Further, these areas should be treated with bitumen, and then dried. The sequence of work is as follows: first, the extreme, side beams are laid, then the intermediate ones. When working, the same step is observed. Do not forget that the entire structure must be level on a horizontal level.

If wooden beam should rest on a brick wall, this is possible only if there is a nest in the wall, specially left during the construction of the wall. The minimum nest depth is 170 mm. If during work there are empty spaces between the ends of the beams and the wall, they should be removed using cement mortar... In order to strengthen the floor, to increase its bearing capacity, every third beam must be reinforced with anchors.

If the beam is attached to a block wall, you need to make a reinforced concrete lintel. It is installed under the beam itself and inserted into the wall to a depth of at least 175 mm. The beam is inserted into the wall in the same way as in the previous version. A heater is installed at the back of the box, the side of the beam is equipped with a gap designed to remove moisture. If the walls are made of logs, beams or shields, you should simply cut out the upper crown.