Composite materials: what it is, properties, production and application. What is wood-polymer composites (DPK)
In appearance, the wood-polymer composite profile with a high content of wood is most likely reminiscent of MDF or solid fiberboard, and with its small amount - plastics. It can be cut, strict with a planer, knock down nails. It can be painted in mass or exposed to paint finishes by conventional paints and enamels, or veneered with synthetic films or natural veneer.
The liquid tree market in Russia is still in the infancy. However, with the strengthening of state regulation in the field of woodworking and recycling, the material receives an additional incentive for development in Russia: the demand for products appears, the first production is open. Polymer compositions (DPK) materials, recently enjoy special attention from investors and manufacturers.
Wood-polymer composite - super-modern material. The DPK has all the best natural properties of the tree, but deprived of its drawbacks such as exposure to rotting and mold, flammability, surface defects, does not absorb moisture, etc.
IN the composition of the DPK. Wood flour (or fine chips) with a fraction of 0.5-2 mm, polymer and additives. As a polymer can be PVC (50/50), polyethylene (70/30) or polypropylene (60/40).
Production of extrusion wood-polymer composites is one of the most promising in the field rational use Waste sawmills, furniture and woodworking industries, use of low-grade wood, plant cellulose-containing waste and secondary plastics for processing into high-quality profile parts for a wide range of applications, including construction and furniture.
Currently, the Interview Corporation is ready to offer complete high-tech extrusion lines for the production of wood-polymer composite materials of various performance, reliable and stable manufacturing process. As finished products there can be various profiles, window sills, countertops, panels, door boxes, various handling goods, etc.
It is no secret that natural wood has a fairly limited service life and is very exposed to all sorts of aggressive natural factors. This is exactly what the desire of people is explained to find a substitute for wood, similar to properties, but superior it in quality. The result of one of the attempts to create artificial wood was the so-called "Liquid Tree", which will be discussed in this article, in which, along with the site, we will study all its advantages and disadvantages in detail, we will deal with properties and determine the area of \u200b\u200bapplication of this material.
What is a wood polymer composite
Wood-polymer composite: what it is and for what is needed
DPK or, as elsewhere called this material, "Liquid Tree" is the latest development of the chemical industry, which combines all the best quality wood and polymers. If we understand with the composition of this material, it contains wood, grinding into dust and natural or artificial polymer, which is a binding element.
In some cases, chemical additives, which improve these or other properties of this material are included in the tree of the polymer composite. If the composition is in more detail with the composition, then the wood component in the "liquid tree" is contained up to 80% - this material is, in its essence, is made from waste recycling industry. Everything goes into the course - and sawdust, and knots, and non-thendition.
Terraced board from the historian photo
The most interesting thing in this material is that in processing it is completely identical to natural wood - it is sawing, plasted, grind, holes in it are drilled, they are clogged with nails, screw the screws and they can even chop the ax. In general, according to its basic qualities, the ancillast approaches the tree, though with some reservations, expressing in the advantages that composite materials give it.
Arbor from the Polymer Composite Photo
As for the field of applying wood polymer composite, it is used instead of a tree in almost all areas where it is applied. List the entire scope of use of this material is not the meaning, as it is quite extensive. As for construction, high-quality floors are made of it and are used as a material for plating walls.
In addition, along with the already finished products (boards, rails and other products), the "Liquid Tree" paint is also made from this material, which not only imitates the wood structure, but also makes any surface inaccessible to exposure to external factors.
Boards from the Polymer Composite Tree Photo
Advantages and disadvantages of wood-polymer composite
Let us go right away to the case immediately, and we will analyze all the advantages that we get when using ancientistry. They are not so little:
- First, moisture resistance, which is several times the same indicator in natural wood.
- Second, strength and wear resistance. The surface of the wood-polymer composite is not what is not erased, it does not even leave any traces of thin female heels with metal knobs. In addition, the DPK is a non-slip material, unlike the lacquered board.
Application sphere Woodoplasty: Terraced board
- Thirdly, it is the stability of temperature drops. Manufacturers claim that the liquid tree can withstand the temperature from -50 ° C to + 180 ° C - it is not necessary to test, it is better to believe them for word. In addition, the polymer components, which are part of the anodol, are perfectly opposed to fungus, mold and are not food or housing for countless insects.
- Fourth, the ease of installation, which is practically no different from working with wood.
- Fifth, unpretentious care. Unlike natural wood, DPK does not require periodic painting or varnishing and even more so does not need to be squared and grinding.
- Sixth, durability. If, again, talking about floor coverings from this material, then according to the assertions of the manufacturers, the high-quality wood-polymer composite is capable of listening, without losing its original view, for half a century. As a rule, the floor of natural wood after 3-5 years requires re-painting and minor repairs.
In general, it seems that the ideal material that has no shortcomings is found for humanity. In addition to one - value, which, as a rule, does not fall below $ 80 per one square meter. Although, if you compare it with wood and take into account all the above advantages, it is not very expensive.
Practical coating "under the tree" from the woods of the polymer composite photo
How to make a liquid tree with your own hands: features technology
Another important advantage of the wood-polymer composite is that it is enough to make it enough at home. Of course, this will not be the material that is produced at the factory, but its most simple analogue makes it quite real. Ask why you need it? Well, at least in order to repair the door of the locker, from which the root broke the canopy. It's just that in the dilapidated chipboard, do not spin self-sufficiency, and the liquid tree is completely able to restore its former strength.
How to make a liquid tree do it yourself photo
It makes a liquid tree with their own hands just enough - everything that will be needed for this, these are sawdust and pva. Yes, yes, almost all the masters are familiar with this material, the work of which, one way or another, is related to the tree. Saws are interrupted into dust using an ordinary coffee grinder and mixed with PVA to obtain a thick paste.
Subsequently, this paste is superimposed on the damaged area of \u200b\u200bwood and after it is frozen (3-4 hours) is inspired by sandpaper. In addition, if it is necessary to give a color to this material, the dye is added to the paste. If you choose the right color, then with the help of such homemade putty, it can easily be eliminated by defects even in or.
How to close the hole in the furniture using a liquid tree
Wood-polymer composite, no matter how approved manufacturers, is not a panacea and completely replace natural wood. In some cases, its qualitative characteristics, of course, will be indispensable, but in others, alas will not help. For example, for the manufacture, this material is suitable for the least.
Wood-polymer composite materials (DPK) intended for processing by extrusion by the method of extrusion consist of three main components:
- ground wood particles
- synthetic or organic thermoplastic polymers or mixtures thereof,
- a set of special chemical additives (modifiers), which improve technological and other properties of the composition and product obtained, often referred to as additives.
From traditional wood-filled plastics (DNP), composite materials are distinguished by high (more than 50 percent) of wood content by weight in the composition of the overall composition and its effect on the properties of the finished product. In the DNP of the wood filler, there are not many properties of such plastic, mainly the properties of the polymer. And when the wood becomes more, the properties of the composite are determined already:
- properties of the matrix,
- properties of wood particles,
- the nature of the ties between the wood particles and the matrix,
- the structure of the resulting composite.
The figures below show three schematic structures of the filled material:
Calabo-filled plastic, medium-filled composite and high-filled composite.
The content of wood as part of a wood-polymer composite based on thermoplastic resins may vary widely. Most American manufacturers work with the compositions containing 50 - 70% of wood. European Extrusion Extrusion Developers are striving to obtain compositions containing higher wood filling - up to 80% or more.
Wood is grinding on special milling plants of various types and turns into wood flour or wood fiber. Currently, wood flour is most widely used for the manufacture of DPK. Wood flour production has long been mastered by the domestic industry. It is used as a filler of plastics, raw materials for explosives, for microbioprom, etc.). Along with specially crushed wood, solid sawdust and grinding dust can be included in the DPT.
Perspective is to use in the DPT and wood fibers by type used in the production of fiberboard, MDF and paper. Wood fibers are obtained by defibration, i.e. Wood cleavage to fibers. In some cases, use ready-made fiber from cardboard and paper waste (waste paper). For example, the Chinese company has experience in industrial utilization in the manufacture of paper dairy packages, containing simultaneously polyethylene, paper and even aluminum foil.
Fig.1. Fuel granules Finnish specialists have been tested the possibility of using standard wood fuel granules as raw materials (on CONEX type extruder).
Granules easier to transport and store than flour
The appearance of fuel granules, see Figure 1.
Wood flour (Eng. Wood Flour, Wood Meal, Holzmehl) - It is manufactured mainly of soft, non-resinous, wood breeds, such as pines. Almost the use of solid hardwood, only they are somewhat more complicated to grind them. In our country, the flour is produced according to GOST 16361-87 "Woody flour. Technical conditions".
Abroad is successfully manufactured by wood flour for use in thermoplastic DPDs from the shells of plant grains (rice husk, nut shell). American Heartland Biocomposites LLC recently mastered the use of wheat straw as raw materials.
In most cases, the size of wood particles in the composite is ranging from 500 to 50 microns. Particles of wood flour can take a variety of forms. The ratio of flour particles to their widths is in the range of 1: 1 to 4: 1.
In the millstones during grinding, the release of the desired flour fraction is carried out using the system of the SIT or centrifugal methods. Abroad, it is customary to designate the flour fraction with the number of Mesh. According to the Russian standard, the division of wood flour is carried out in several brands.
Wood fiber (Wood Fiber) The length depends on the wood breed: in hardwood, 1 - 1, 5 mm, at coniferous 3 - 3, 5 mm. The ratio of length to the thickness of the wood fiber is from 1: 10 to 1: 20.
Wood is traditionally used in the mechanical processing of metals as a grinding and polishing material, as it has noticeable abrasive properties. These properties are preserved in wood flour. However, wood abrasion is lower than in fiberglass and some other mineral fillers used in the production of filled plastics and composites. Therefore, it is considered a relatively "soft" filler.
The speed of the abrasive wear of the equipment is proportional to the pressure in the extruder cylinder (and the filler), temperature and speed of the working mixture relative to the surface of the working bodies and naturally depends on the composition of the working mixture (the ratio of the number of flour and resin, the type of resin, species and the number of lubricants and others. Factors ). Depending on the resistance of workers cylinders and screws extruders can be operated 1-2 years before replacement or repair.
The bulk density of wood flour and fibers can vary within 100 - 300 kg / m3. The moisture of flour in delivery is desirable to have no more than 8%. In the finished composite, the moisture of wood particles should, as a rule, less than 1%. The smaller the moisture in the structure of the material, the more it is resistant to external influences.
There are various and sometimes conflicting opinions regarding the use of various wood species and particle sizes.
We note obvious things:
- the studies studied the effect of particle sizes on the mechanical properties of composites, but it is not very large;
- the muffle of small (dust) and too large particles worsen the strength of the composite, but it is not always critical for the finished product;
- large particles reduce the performance of the preparatory equipment due to their small bulk density;
- at the density of the composite approaching 1.4 g / cc. CM, i.e. To the true density of the wood, the breed of wood no longer has a fundamental importance.
A composite made of large particles will have a more grainy surface, a similar surface of a chipboard and this may require grinding, applying thickened cladding and (or) surface finishes. For example, from the experience of the furniture industry, the grain of profiles made by milling from a chipboard is not always possible to be hidden when lining with expensive decorative films based on paper-soaked paper with a total weight of up to 130 g per 1 sq. Meter. And for facing profiles from MDF, which has a shallow uniform structure, cheaper decorative films weigh less than 80 g can be successfully used per 1 sq.m. In addition, large particles of wood, especially those near the surface of the product are more exposed to moisture and damage under the influence of adverse environmental factors.
Very small dust particles (less than 50 microns) have a large specific surface area and, by virtue of this, require the use of more resin to form a full-fledged polymer matrix.
Note. Currently, research is carried out on the use of microcellulose in composite materials. But it will rather be another class of materials, so-called. nanocomposites.
The final conversion of the working mixture into the composite material is gradually over the extruder zones and in the filler. The polymer should cover the entire surface of the particle particle, to be embedded in its pores and thereby ensure dense molecular interaction between wood and polymer. This significantly distinguishes the process of extrusion of the DPK from the extrusion process of ordinary plastics, because Wood is poorly wetting the polymer melt. Intensify the wetting process by increasing the temperature in the extruder, it is difficult due to the risk of thermal destruction of wood, polymer and fire combustion (at a temperature of more than 200 degrees. C).
Therefore, in terms of the quality of the products received and the productivity of the process, the technological level of the equipment used and the composition of the mixture formulation is very important (the quality of the base resin, the view and the amount of additives introduced into the formulation).
Notes:
1. The technological and physical and mechanical properties close to the wood-polymeric composites are composite materials obtained on the basis of other plant fibers, for example: hemp (HEMP), flax (Flax), sisal (SISAL), Kenaf (Kenaf), etc. Fibrous plants.
Vegetable fibers can be introduced into the DPK and simultaneously with wood fibers. The use of non-timber fibers of plant origin is particularly being developed now in the countries of Southeast Asia, in particular in China. For more information about fibers, see a special application and biocomposites library.
2. With the external simplicity of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe production of DPK, the structure of the substance of the wood-polymer composite itself has a very complex structure. No less difficult to describe and chemical, physical and mechanical processes of the production of extrusion DPK. These difficulties are determined by the complexity and heterogeneity of the wood itself.
With great or less successful, any thermoplastic polymers can be used in the production of DPK, but in practice are now used, mostly four types of thermoplastic resins: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and, in smaller quantity, polystyrene (PS). The diagram (Fig. 4.2.) The existing relationships of the use of various resins and fillers and the forecast for the coming years are reflected.
Fig.2. State and forecast of the applicability of basic resins and fillers in the production of composites
Thus, in the first place according to the applicability is polyethylene (high and low densities), then PVC and polypropylene follows. However, polypropylene is considered more promising in Europe. In particular, the German company ADVANCED EXTRUDER TECHNOLOGIES AG (manufacturer of equipment for the Extrusion of DPK) indicates the following optimal ratios Filling the wood composite for various types of basic resins:
- based on PVC - 60%
- based on polyethylene - 70%
- based on polypropylene - 80% or more.
Significant growth is assumed in all types of composites, but since 2003, the use of composite as the basis of the composite, and other (non-wood) vegetable fibers is particularly rapidly increasing.
Along with the resins of the factory manufacturer supplied in the form of a suspension or granules, a number of American companies are used in the production of PCD plastic industrial and household waste (packaging film, bottles, etc.) subjected to washing, drying and grinding.
Experiments and on the use of other industrial thermoplastics in thermoplastic DPK are carried out - ABS plastic, polyamides (caperon, nylon), polycarbonates, polyethylene terptalat, etc. in primary forms and waste.
The estimated ratios of world prices for raw materials (in English pounds per ton, March 2003), used in the production of DPK, is given in Table. 4.1.
This table illustrates the economic being of interest in the problems of the production of wood-polymer composites and objective trends in the development and improvement of their production technology. It should be borne in mind that the current prices for basic resins on the world market are highly dependent on oil prices and are subject to significant fluctuations.
In the production of wood and polymer composites apply next species Additives - modifiers: binding agents, lubricants, antimicrobial additives, antioxidants, foaming agents, pigments, flame retardants, shockproof modifiers, light stabilizers, temperature stabilizers, etc.
These additives are used in extrusion and casting of ordinary filled and unfilled plastic profiles and approximately with the same targets, but the ratio of them in a combination with wood changes somewhat. First of all, this refers to binding agents, lubricant materials, and, if necessary, to shockproof modifiers. Supplements are supplied separately, or in the form of complexes (as multivitamins, everything is in one granule).
Wood, unlike mineral fillers for plastics, has not very high adhesion to basic resins, especially to polyolefin. This can be explained by a very complex form of surfaces of its particles, which makes it difficult to make the process of wetting it with a molten polymer, as well as it chemical composition. This circumstance imposes to the selection of additives and to the design of the extruder increased requirements. The photographs below show 2 samples of the wood-poly mixture (electron microscope, 200-fold increase, the ratio of 60% polypropylene, 40% of wood flour).
On the left photograph clearly visible numerous emptiness polymer. On the right sample, the structure of the material is solid. This is what makes the material - a composite in which the polymer matrix and wood works. Improving the structure is provided with the inclusion in the material of the special binder agent, providing a good connection between wood particles and resin.
Schematically characteristic defects of the structure of the composite are shown in two figures below
On the left scheme in blue, separate emptiness is highlighted with a resin. The right-hand scheme shows the formation of agglomerates compiled from several non-glued wood particles. The presence of such defects, especially on the surface of the products, leads to a decrease in the strength and durability of the material.
Specific formulations of wood-polymeric composites are developed in relation to specified products used by basic resins and technological processes. They are often the production secret of the manufacturer of concrete products or the subject of the license of the technology or equipment supplier.
An important direction in the development of modern extrusion recipes for extrusion DPK are searches in the field of use in their composition of natural, i.e. Biological polymers. A successful achievement in this area was the use of starchy substances, such as corn flour (materials like Fasal - Fasalex). Studies on the use of lignin (cellulose waste), leather and meat and dairy industries, etc. are being actively held. There are information on research of Russian specialists about the possibility of using coniferous resin - zhivitsa as one of the components of extrusion DPK.
The appearance of wood-polymer composites.
In the natural form of the DPK with a high content of wood, MDF resembles MDF and or solid DVP, see Fig.3. It can be painted in mass or exposed to paint finishes by conventional paints and enamels, or veneered with synthetic films or natural veneer. To the touch composite warm, sometimes slightly oily.
Fig.3. Cuts DPK profiles There is a technology for coating a DPK with a thin facing layer of plastic, or even several plastics directly during its extrusion in the extruder. This technology is widespread in the plastic industry called co-extrusion or co-extrusion.
However, if in the manufacture of a compound, wood particles of large fractions were used, the surface of the product will be closer in appearance to the surface chipboard. Such profiles are available, for example, by the Dutch company Tech-Wood.
Thermoplastic DPKs have a weak smell of wood (sawdust).
Physical and mechanical properties of composites
The density of extrusion composites may be within 1000 - 1400 kg / m3. The density of products can be reduced using special foaming agents up to 700-900 kg / m3, but only a polymer matrix can be interference.
Notes:
- The density of the composite depends on the density of the used base resin and the additives applied and the amounts of wood and the density of the wood particles. In the course of compounding and extrusion, under the influence of high pressure and heat meter, wood particles are compacted, - up to a value of 1400 kg / m3, i.e. Achievements of the true density of wood free from pores and other voids.
- The true density of the wood is practically independent of its breed.
- We study issues of use in the PCP hollow microfillers (plastic and glass microspheres).
The strength properties of the DPK are largely dependent on the type of base resin, see Table. 2.
However, the control of the composition of the composite and technological process It is largely to improve its strength and other properties.
Consider the properties of the DPK using the example of three specific modifications under the brand name "FASAL" developed using the Austral Research and Development GmbH as a basic resin of the Austrian company "FASALEX", Austria, see Table. 3.
| Properties | Dimension | FASAL F134. | FASAL F 386. | FASAL F 465 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | kg / dm 3 | 1,4 | 1,35 | 1,2 |
| Strength tensile (temporary resistance) | MPa | 25 | 17 | 23 |
| Module of elasticity when tensile (mod. Jung) | GPa | 8 | 4 | 5,1 |
| Bending resistance | MPa | 41 | 30 | 52 |
| Bending elastic module | GPa | 5,8 | 3,8 | 5 |
| Relative extension when tensile | % | 0,5 | 0,6 | 1 |
| Sharpy's shock viscosity | KJ / M2. | 3,2 | 3,3 | 4 |
| The term of biological decomposition | weeks | months | independent | |
| Reducing the resistance of bending in water at 23 deg.c: | ||||
| - After 30 minutes. Exposure | % | 65 | 14 | 0 |
| - After 120 minutes. Exposure | % | 90 | 35 | 0 |
In the composition offered by Strandex, USA, polyethylene and waste is used as a base resin. Solid and soft wood species are considered acceptable, as well as other cellulose fibers, such as straw, flax, rice husk, peanut husk, bamboo, Kenaf, etc. Particle size 425 microns (40 mesh) and less. A large content of smaller particles is allowed (200 mesh and smaller), including grinding dust. The composite density is 0.98 - 1, 2 kg / dm3. Composite and technology are patented and sold under a license along with the die. The cost of one filler is more than 20,000 US dollars, the cost of the license (according to some data) is more than 1 million dollars.
However, there is a serious problem in the use of waste removal and MDF. It is associated with the sublimation of vapor formaldehyde from phenolic resins, which are contained in these plates.
Note. Although the strength of thermoplastic DPK during tests is at the level of natural wood materialsTheir real operational strength in many cases is essentially higher, because Products made of DPK do not have natural defects inherent in wood (bitch, cracks, switches, etc.), do not change its strength with increasing humidity and are not amazed by fungi and bacteria.
At the beginning of the development of DPK production, technologists tried to ensure maximum bioscistance products. And this task was solved. In particular, a number of DPK manufacturers provide warranties for 10, 25 and 50 years of operation of finished products on the street, i.e. The highest resistance to moisture, light, fungi and insects without special protection. Most of the DPK produced can take into themselves a small amount (0.1 - 4%) moisture without losing the shape and strength and restore the previous properties during drying.
The new direction in the production of DPK is the creation of recipes of easily utilized biodegradable DPK with reduced biostability. They are offered, for example, Fasalex, - as environmentally friendly throughout vitality cycle (The above compositions FASAL F 134 and F 386).
It should be noted that in spite of the already solid production experience and numerous studies already conducted, in the field of wood-polymer compositions there is still a huge number of unexplored areas. On the one hand, this is due to the infinite possibilities of the chemistry of polymers, and on the other, it is explained by the youth of the most new industry.
Capacity for processing
Products from DPK are processed by the same tools as wood. DPK is easily saw, they are plane, drilled, polished, etc. Very well holds nails, brackets, screws, see fig. four.
Many composite formulations are gone. Some recipes can be welded, like plastic. The practice of bending products of profile products has already been mastered after heating, like plastic profiles, etc.
Fig.4. Treatment of wood-polymer composites
The DPK is not very easily flammable, especially - if they are based on a polyvinyl chloride resin.
An interesting direction in the use of extrusion DPK is joint applications of DPK Profile and metal rolled products. In this case, steel tube, strip, and the like inserted into the profile cavity. The metal takes on a fully or partially power load, and the profile performs decorative, protective and other functions.
While there is no adopted standardized classification of thermoplastic DPK.
Modern direction in the construction of arbors, terraces, baths, dacha Domikov Focused on the use of natural wood. But the technical characteristics of the wood do not allow for a long time to resist moisture, the temperature difference and the other external factors.
The question of alternative material was so acute that in a short time an analogue of natural raw materials was created, but with more sustainable indicators - a wood-polymer composite.
Composition of wood-polymer composite
The main components in the production of the composite are:
- polymers with thermoplastic indicators (PE, PP, PVC);
- crushed wood almost to the state of flour;
- Modifiers (chemicals), which are added to improve technical and operational characteristics.
The presence in the composition of chemicals does not exceed 5% of the total mass, which makes the use of the material absolutely safe for the health of people.
Specifications of wood-polymer composite
According to the properties, the composite resembles something average between wood and plastic, combining only positive qualities. Its properties facilitate installation and processing, and strength significantly prolongs the period of operation. Particular characteristics include:
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A wide temperature operating range (from -40 to +70 degrees);
Elasticity (you can give a different form);
Moisture resistance;
Durability (500 kg per 1 mpq.);
Environmental friendliness;
Resistance to ultraviolet rays and aggressive environments.
Advantages of DPK.
Lack of microbiological processes;
Fire safety;
Resistance to moisture, ultraviolet and other external factors;
Has increased mechanical strength;
Simple processing and installation;
Does not release toxic substances;
Wide scope;
Uncomplicated care;
The assortment line is presented to choose from various shades and textures.
Disadvantages of DPK.
The use of the composite obliges the arrangement of the room with a good ventilation system;
Poor tolerates a combination of two factors at once: high temperature and humid environment;
High price.
Scope of the DPK.
Polymer composite is actively used in different areas Production activities. It is used in the interior decoration of auto and water transport, for the arrangement of pierces, berths, side of the pools. An even greater recognition of the material received during the construction of arbors, platforms, fences. In private construction, the composite is used to build a bath, terraces, garden tracks. Even in apartment houses Polymer wood is used for the design of balconies, loggias, bathrooms. Easy by weight and processing The material adequately replaces the lining and siding. And the ability to take different forms allows you to implement interesting design solutions When designing a design.
See also: Using Lego Brick (photo) in construction
Types of products made of composite
Decorative finishing elements (stakes, railing, boxes, lags, etc.);
Nashchelniki (used to close the mounting seam in the window and door Opeters);
Siding (lightweight facing material);
Decong (board with increased strength used as the main construction element).
Rules for mounting wood-polymer composite
There are nuances that should be observed when working with the material. This will help to avoid unpleasant surprises during operation.
Stacking should be performed only at the plus temperatures.
When installing decoing, leave ventilation gaps between the boards and under construction.
Direct contact composite with soil should be excluded.
Before laying, you need to make a design scheme for timely configuration of the necessary connecting elements.
The material before processing should adapt to local conditions. To do this, after unpacking it must be left for 36 hours to prepare.
If the composite is used as a flooring, it is necessary to provide a precipitation system. Typically, the design is performed under a slight bias. If the laying is made on the monolithic coating, special shoes are performed in the boards, designed to remove water.
The tree is perhaps the most sought-after building and finishing material. The wood is universal in processing, has high thermal insulation and aesthetic qualities, is indispensable when creating unusual architectural buildings, exquisite furniture, decoration of the interior and design of household sections. The only drawback of the tree is susceptibility to unfavorable external factors and the ability to rot.
In an effort to keep all the advantages of wood and to reduce all its flaws, manufacturers created an innovative construction material - Polymer composite. Consider what "Polywood" represents which properties, characteristics are inherent modern material, and what is the scope of its application.
Main types of wood composite materials
Wood composites are materials obtained as a result of combining different raw materials. The main component of the wood composite is a tree. The amount of wood waste, as well as the type of binder component, determine the main characteristics of the composite material.
The most common wood composites are:
Wood-polymer composite: photo base for a patio from a deco-board
Let us dwell in more detail on the composition of the innovative material, the technology of its production and technical and operational characteristics.
Wood-polymer composite: production and composition of material
In the composition of the DPK, intensify three main components:
- The chopped wood particles (some manufacturers for cheaper products are added rice husk particles or cake seeds).
- Thermoplastic polymer (polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene).
- A complex of modifiers - chemical additives (up to 5% in the composition of the material).
The production of wood-polymer composite occurs according to the scheme.
Grinding wood. The tree is processed on hammer and knife crushers to obtain particles of 0.7-1.5 mm. After crushing, wood is sieved and fractionated.
Of the smallest fractions make a profile without finishing the surface, from the average components - a profile under the trim with veneer, paint or film, and coarse fractions of wood are used to create technical profiles
Drying wood It is carried out if the humidity of the raw material exceeds 15%.
Dosing and mixing components. All components of the DPK are connected in the desired proportions and mixed with each other. Most often, such ratios of components of wood flour / polymer are used:
- 70/30 - in the composite there is a property of wood fibers, as a humidity expansion; DPK is considered more fragile and has a life for about 5-7 years;
- 50/50 - the optimal ratio of wood and polymer, in which the decorative properties of the wood and the strength of the polymer are preserved;
- 40/60 - the aesthetic qualities of wood weaken, the material is felt and looks like plastic.
Pressing and formatting the product. The final stage in which the technical properties of the DPK are formed and the material acquires a commodity appearance.
Technical and operational characteristics of wood-polymer composite
The properties of the composite are determined by the amount of wood in the material, the type of wood used and the polymer. We note the general mechanical and physical indicators of the DPK:
- Density of material. The indicator depends on the base resin used, the amount of applied additives and the density of wood particles. The maximum DPK density is 1.4 kg / dm3 (true wood density).
- Extension during tension - 0.5-1%;
- Bending resistance - 25-60 MPa;
- Sharpy shock viscosity - 3-4 kJ / m2.
The wood part of the DPK gives the material such properties:
Polymer qualities of DPK are manifested as follows:
Comparative characteristic of wood and DPK
In order to more clearly characterize the wood-polymer composite, we will carry out a comparative analysis of the main qualitative and economic indicators of the tree and the DPK.
Scope of the DPK.
Due to its advantages, the wood composite won wide popularity in the industrial sphere, construction and in everyday life:
Over 50% of the wood-polymer composite is used as "Decing" - wooden boards and tiles for the design of coastal and dissing architecture
Overview of the main manufacturers of DPK boards
Deoping boards from DPK are presented in the construction market by many manufacturers. When choosing a material, it is better to give preference to well-known companies - their product has already passed the test of time on quality and won a positive reputation around the world.
Terraced board Bruggan (Belgium) is made of high-quality raw materials, products are focused on the international market. By textile sensations, the board is as close as possible to the wood.
Bruggan board has the following composition:
- tree - 60%;
- polymers - 30%;
- additives - 10%.
The company produces a hollow and full-fledged terrace board, which is used to arrange the territories around the pools, the creation of terraces, summer sites of hotels, bars, restaurants, stairs buildings.
Bruggan Multicolor full-scale terrace board has wood texture for the thickness of the material, suitable for grinding and radius trim
Approximate price of Board Bruggan 1000-1200 rubles per profile
Terraced board MirradeX. (Malaysia) is made of tropical trees fibers, which increases the stability of the material to moisturization. The board does not require additional treatments. Board structure - Bilateral - This allows the use of material to create vertical structures (fences, fences).
Mirradex board composition:
- wood - 50%;
- polymer (polypropylene) - 40%;
- additives and various additives - 10%.
The Mirradex terrace board refers to the category of premium class materials, but it has a relatively available cost (about 750 rubles per profile).
Terraced board Legro. (Hungary) has a special protective layer, which increases material wear resistance. The Legro board is suitable for the arrangement of terraces and platforms in public places with increased permeability.
Benefits of Legro Board:
- does not fade;
- on the surface there are no stains;
- damage resistance (scratches, dents);
- bilateral unstailed texture.
The composition of the DPK Legro:
- chopped wood - 50%;
- polypropylene - 45%;
- additives - 5%.
You can buy a wood-polymer composite of Legro at a price of 3500 rubles for one profile of 150 * 25 * 5800 mm.
"Liquid Tree": manufacturer and use in everyday life
At home, you can create an analogue of the wood-polymer composite with your own hands. As a result of the work, it turns out the "Liquid Tree", which is suitable for the restoration of furniture from the chipboard, repairing a parquet board and laminate.
The whole process of manufacturing home-made "liquid wood" can be divided into the following steps:
- Wood sawdust to grind with the help of a conventional coffee grinder.
- The resulting flour is connected to PVA glue. The ratio of components: 70% - wood, 30% - glue. Liquid Tree should have a thick consistency.
The resulting paste is applied to the damaged section of furniture or outdoor coating, and left until it is frozen (about 4-5 hours). After that, the excess "liquid wood" must be cleared with sandpaper.
To give " liquid wood»The desired shade in the mixture can be added a dye intended for water-level paint
The appearance of wood-polymer composites allowed to combine the most significant advantages of wood and plastic in one material. Constructions and designs from DPK are convenient in installation, have excellent performance and have aesthetically noble appearanceinherent in natural wood products.