Syn .: arum spotted, arum spotted, calf's leg, tick mite, aron's beard, mountain images, aron, dry root, serpent-grass.

Aronnik spotted is a perennial herbaceous plant widespread in Western Europe. Outwardly, it is a short grass with hemispherical or ovoid horizontal tuberous rhizomes. The plant is poisonous, which does not allow its use in official and folk medicine, as well as in everyday life.

The plant is poisonous!

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In medicine

The arum plant is not included in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation and is not used in official medicine due to its excessive toxicity. It is the volatile substances aroin, aronin and aronidine that, according to scientists, make the plant so poisonous.

However, due to some of the medicinal properties of arum rhizomes, the plant is used in homeopathic practice. For example, on its basis, the homeopathic remedy "ARUM TRIPHYLLUM" is produced, which is in demand among people suffering from inflammation of the oral mucosa, runny nose, diseases of the lungs, bronchi and upper respiratory tract.

Contraindications and side effects

Aronnik spotted, the use of which has not found wide reflection in various spheres of life, as already mentioned above, is quite poisonous. Therefore, it is not recommended to use it without first consulting your doctor, experienced herbalist or professional homeopath.

Signs of poisoning with this plant are as follows: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, cold sweat, irritation of the mucous membranes. Such a pronounced intoxication of the body can be accompanied by the development of arrhythmias, adynamia, convulsions and hallucinations.

It is forbidden to take preparations of arum spotted to women during periods of pregnancy and lactation, persons with intolerance to plant components, children. Also, the use of arum spotted is contraindicated in people with gastritis (with low acidity of the stomach), with heart failure and chronic acute pancreatitis.

Classification

Aronnik spotted (lat. Arum maculatum) Is a type species of perennial herbaceous plants belonging to the genus Aronnik (lat.Arum) and the large Aroid family (lat.Araceae).

Botanical description

Arum spotted plant is a herbaceous perennial. As a rule, it grows in height up to 60 cm. Aronnik is fixed in the soil with the help of an oval or hemispherical rhizome, scattering appendages of various thicknesses around itself. The leaves of the arum spotted are numerous, vaginal, arranged spirally. They have 2-3 petiole leaves.

The petioles at the base are expanded in the form of a vagina. Leaf blades have a sagittal, heart-shaped or sagittal-spear-shaped form. The primary lateral veins are pinnate, and the veins of a higher order form a reticular pattern. The rosette of the leaves growing near the rhizomes has an arrow-shaped shape. It is surrounded by brownish scaly leaves.

The most striking sign of arum spotted is a long inflorescence, enclosed in a leaf-shaped wrapper. The plant is endowed with unisexual flowers that have a purple-brown color. They adhere tightly to the thickened cone-shaped peduncle. This allows the flowers to form an inflorescence-ear.

The perianth is completely absent. Male flowers have 3-4 stamens arranged in groups. The threads of such flowers are rather short, the binder is thin, theca are short-obovate, located opposite each other.

Female flowers are gynoecium, oblong, obtuse. Their ovary is unilocular, has at least 6 ovules. The funicular is short, the placenta is semi-basal or parietal. The short column of the female flower is the same width as the ovary. The stigma is hemispherical, exudes a drop of nectar during the flowering period.

The arum spotted plant begins to bloom in May-April, and ends in June. At the end of summer, very little time passes after fertilization, and the top of the ear dies off along with its wrapping leaf. In their place, poisonous berries grow, which gradually turn red, and in September they crumble. If the climate is suitable, the fruits begin to ripen, forming self-seeding in the spring.

Arum has one inflorescence. As a rule, it appears simultaneously with the leaves, sometimes before them. It hides among the foliage or rises above it. Aronnik has a short or long peduncle. The ear is sessile, it can be either short or long.

The female flower zone is located at the bottom of the ear and is cylindrical in shape. The gap that separates the male and female areas is usually short or occasionally absent. Usually it consists of sterile flowers, which are expanded from below, filamentous appendages directed upward. Less often - naked.

It is worth noting that the flowers of the arum spotted attract pollinating insects with the smell of rotting meat, preparing them a real "prison cell", however, temporary imprisonment: insects involuntarily fall into a trap and involuntarily pollinate the flowers, after which the hairs in the inflorescences of the arum wilted, releasing insects to freedom ...

Spreading

Arum spotted plant prefers to settle mainly in clay (silty) soil rich in lime. Especially often it can be found in wet floodplain forests, in mixed forests, in beech and hornbeam-beech forests, as well as in shrub thickets.

It grows wild in the European part of Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Abkhazia, Western Georgia, and the North Caucasus. Aronnik does not tolerate winter well in middle lane Russia, therefore it is extremely rare there. Too cold winters can ruin him.

Arum spotted plant - cultivated. It propagates vegetatively (by roots) by transplanting at the end of summer or by seeds through sowing before winter. The tubers of the plant are planted to a depth of 8 cm at a distance of about 40 cm from each other. In this case, the soil should be fertile and not have excess moisture. In winter, the arum spotted must be covered due to its thermophilicity.

Regions of distribution on the map of Russia.

Procurement of raw materials

For medicinal purposes, the tubers (rhizomes) of the arum are harvested. They should be collected before the development of the leaves, in early spring or already in the fall. It is during this period that the rhizome contains the most active compounds. The tubers are dug up, peeled of bark, cut into pieces and dried in the shade (or in a well-ventilated area). After that, they are laid out in layers up to 3 cm high on fabric or paper.

Worth turning Special attention the fact that in its raw form the tubers of the arum spotted are highly poisonous, however, with proper and thorough drying, their toxicity disappears. You can eat both boiled and fried roots. You can keep the collected arum roots fresh by placing them in boxes of sand, which, in turn, should be kept in basements and cellars.

Chemical composition

The chemical composition of arum spotted is currently poorly understood. Alkaloid-like substances, konyin-like aroin, glycosidic saponins, starch, sucrose and fructose were found in the composition of its tubers, fatty oil containing palmitic and linoleic acids, as well as the following trace elements: zinc, copper, nickel, molybdenum. The plant also contains a large number of crystals of oxalic acid and its salts, especially in the leaves.

Pharmacological properties

Aronnik spotted, medicinal properties which are determined by the poorly studied, but rather rich chemical composition, has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesic and expectorant effects. It is believed that the substances that make up the plant help to reduce the secretion of gastric juice. However, this plant is not used in official medical practice.

Application in traditional medicine

According to the latest data, traditional medicine is beginning to abandon the use of arum spotted in medicinal purposes due to its excessive toxicity, the toxic effect of the drug can lead to serious and serious consequences for the body.

For your reference, it should be noted that once upon a time healers and herbalists from different countries the world used dried arum roots for the preparation of decoctions and alcoholic tinctures, using them in the treatment of kidneys, liver, Bladder, rheumatism, hemorrhoids, and also as an expectorant and anti-febrile agent.

Historical reference

There is an opinion that once in the old days, folk healers successfully used the root of the arum spotted for medicinal purposes. Despite the fact that currently traditional medicine refuses treatment with this plant due to its toxicity, since ancient times, the rhizome of arum spotted was used as a means to remove phlegm from the lungs, as well as for the treatment of hoarseness. Some traditional healers in the old days even treated bronchitis with arum rhizomes.

In addition, the arum spotted plant has been valued since ancient times as good remedy for the treatment of lichen, rheumatism, hemorrhoids. A fresh root applied to the paralyzed parts of the body restored their sensitivity. Since ancient times, some traditional healers have used arum spotted as a poultice for body aches, and sprinkled ulcers with a dry root, ground into powder. Once this plant was used for removing worms from the body, and for clogging the stomach, providing a nauseating effect.

Literature

1. Kuzeneva OI Genus 240. Aronnik - Arum // Flora of the USSR: in 30 volumes / ch. ed. V. L. Komarov. - M.-L. : Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1935. - T. III / ed. volumes by B.K.Shishkin. - S. 485-488. - 636 + XXV p. - 5175 copies.

2. Grudzinskaya IA The Arum family (Araceae) // Plant Life. In 6 volumes.Vol. 6. Flowering plants/ Under. ed. Takhtadzhyana A.L .. - M .: Education, 1982. - S. 486-487.

3. Aroid // Angola - Barzas. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1970. - (Big Soviet encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov; 1969-1978, vol. 2).

4. Aroyei // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb., 1890-1907.

5. Chub V. Riddles of aroids // Floriculture. - 2008. - No. 3. - S. 58-61.

6. Artamonov VI Entertaining plant physiology. - M: Agropromizdat, 1991 .-- S. 74-77. - 336 p. - ISBN 5-10-001829-1.

7. Gubanov I.A. and others. Wild useful plants USSR / Otv. ed. T.A. Rabotnov. - M .: Mysl, 1976 .-- P. 56.

8. Tsvelev NN About Russian names of families of angiosperms // News of systematics of higher plants: collection. - M.-SPb .: Partnership scientific publications KMK, 2011 .-- T. 42 .-- S. 24-29. - ISBN 978-5-87317-759-2. - ISSN 0568-5443.

9. Plant life. Volume 5. Part 1. Flowering plants / Under. ed. Takhtadzhyana A.L .. - M .: Education, 1980 .-- 430 p.

Aroid family - Agaseae.

Parts used: rhizome, sometimes leaves.

Pharmacy name: arum rhizome - Ari rhizoma, arum leaves - Ari folium.

Botanical description. Aronnik is fixed in the soil with the help of a rounded ovoid rhizome, from which numerous thin and thick adventitious roots extend. The rosette of basal leaves is arrow-shaped with long petioles at the base, surrounded by brownish scaly leaves. But the most striking feature of this plant is a long inflorescence with a leaf-shaped wrapper. Flowers are unisexual. They sit tightly on a purple-brown, cone-shaped, thickened peduncle at the top, forming an inflorescence-cob. The female flowers are at the bottom, then there is a ring of hairs, and above are the male flowers. The inflorescence arranged in this way is a trap for small insects, attracted by the evening scent of the cob. Once in the "trap", insects are forced to pollinate the flowers. In a pollinated flower, the hairs droop, and insects can get out. Soon after fertilization, the top of the ear and the leaf of the wrapper die off and the fruit of red berries develops. Blooms in April-May (until June). Occurs on lime-rich clayey soils of wet floodplain forests, as well as in mixed forests and bushy thickets.

Carefully! All parts of the plant and the bright red berries are highly poisonous!

Active ingredients. The composition is poorly studied. Harsh volatile substances (aroin, aronin and aronidine), apparently, determine the toxicity of the plant. It is also worth noting a large amount of crystals of oxalic acid and its salts (oxalates), especially in the leaves. Thin sharp needles of calcium oxalate crystals, when touched, injure the skin and mucous membranes.

Use in homeopathy. The homeopathic remedy Arum is still very popular for coryza, inflammation of the oral mucosa, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, mumps, scarlet fever and measles. Arum helps in almost all cases of hoarseness when the vocal cords are overstrained, for example, when a singer or orator is unable to sing or speak loudly. It is taken in dilution D 1 -D 6 several times a day for 3-5-8 (up to 10) drops. You can also gargle with a highly diluted tincture: 5 drops in a glass of warm water.

Side effects. Since all parts of the plant are highly poisonous, any self-medication would be criminal frivolity. Signs of poisoning: severe local irritation in the mouth and throat, then in the stomach and intestines. After absorption into the blood, general excitement first occurs, and later salivation, vomiting, loss of voice, convulsions, individual manifestations of paralysis and disruption of the heart begin. The rather quick appearance of unpleasant sensations in the oral cavity allows you to quickly respond to poisoning: you must immediately take several tablets of activated carbon, which will bind the toxic substances. One of the first aid measures may be the appointment of a mucous broth. In any case, you should consult a doctor to get professional help - especially against inflammation of the oral mucosa.

Name: comes from the ancient Greek word "aron" - the name of one of the species of this genus.

Description: it is a plant in the shady forests of Southern Europe, North Africa, the Caucasus and one species grows in Central Asia. All arum plants grow only from early spring to mid-summer, then the leaves die off. They bloom in the midst of spring, in central Russia - in May. In August, when the seeds ripen, the scarlet cobs again give the plants a decorative effect. Aronniki - long-living perennial herbs with a thickened tuberous rhizome and basal leaves, outlines resembling a spearhead. Of the 26 species known to science, 2 are found in the wild nature of Western Europe. These are Italian arum (A. italicum) and spotted arum (A maculatum). Within the territory of the former USSR there were 5 types of aronica.

Aronnik italian or white-winged- Arum italicum Mill= Arum albispathum Stev. On moist clay, stony and calcareous soils in forests, shrubs and pastures in the Mediterranean, in the forests of the lower belt of the Crimea and the Caucasus; in Central Europe - in a feral state. The height of this perennial plant is 60 cm, blooms in spring with pale creamy yellow flowers with a bedspread about 15 cm in height. The leaves are large with silvery and wavy edges that grow back in the fall. Attractive yet poisonous red fruits appear in late summer. White-winged Aronnik badly and does not always endure winter in central Russia. Unfortunately, flower companies most often bring plants of this particular type for sale. In culture since 1683 In GBS Moscow, live plants were collected in 1945 in Talysh, near the villages. Lerik, at the height. 1200 m above sea level at. m., under the canopy of the forest. The plant grows from IV to VII. Does not bloom. H. 4 cm.

Aronnik spotted- Arum maculatum L Grows wild in the shady forests of Central Europe, the Balkans, Ukraine, Moldova, the Caucasus, on moist soil. Attractive for its original form of reddish-green, greenish or brown veil and red fruits. Plant height 15 - 25 cm (according to some data up to 60), blooms from late May to mid-June. Leaves are arrow-lance-shaped, often with red spots, long-petiolate. The flower-bearing stem is almost equal in length to the leaf petiole. The veil is lanceolate, greenish on the inside, brownish on the outside, purple with dark spots along the edges, its tube is three times shorter than the wing. The ear is half as long as the cover, its appendage is purple, on a thin pale yellow stalk. Flowers are unisexual. In August, the leaves die off, and a stalk with numerous berries stretching upwards opens up to the eye. The berries are red. In September, the fruits crumble, and in the spring next year self seeding appears. Cold resistant. The tuber is oval or cylindrical. Raw tubers are poisonous, while boiled and fried tubers are edible. In GBS Moscow, live plants were obtained in 1964 from the Stavropol bot. garden. The plant grows from IV to VI. Blooms in VI 2 weeks. Does not bear fruit. H. 30 cm. Photo on the left EDSR.

Eastern aronnik- Arum Orientale Bieb. Grows in the shady forests of Central and Southern Europe, Ukraine, Crimea, Caucasus .. The tuber is rounded-flattened, in the middle with a depression from which leaves and a peduncle emerge. The leaves are petiolar, at the base are closed by scaly sheaths of the outer scaly leaves. The blade is equal to or shorter than the petiole, broadly spear-sagittate, up to 7 cm long, its lateral lobes are up to 4.5 cm. Peduncle is longer than leaf petioles. Bedspread 7-10 cm with a green-white tube and a purple fold. The appendage of the cob is dark purple. Plant height 15 - 25 cm. Requires moist soil. In the conditions of the Moscow region, it blooms in mid-May. Cold resistant. Raw rhizome is poisonous. In culture since 1820 In GBS Moscow, live plants were collected in 1966 in Azerbaijan, in the vicinity of Kzyl-Dere. The plant grows from IV to VII. Blooms in VI. Seeds in VII. H. 40 cm.

Aronnik elongated- Arum elongatum Stev= A. orientale Bieb... subsp. elongatum (Stev.) Engl. It is found in forests, between shrubs, among rocks, in the steppes of the warm-temperate and subtropical zones of the south of the European part of Russia, Crimea, the Caucasus, Iran, Asia Minor and the Balkan Peninsula. One of the most beautiful views... The tuber is round, flattened. Plants are 0.5-1 m tall. Leaves with an elongated spear-shaped plate; its middle lobe is obtuse, 10-20 cm long; lateral - 2-3 times shorter, bent back. The flowering stem is longer than the leaf petiole. The cover is lanceolate, up to 26 cm long, with an elongated tip; its color varies from whitish-green to brownish-purple. The appendage of the cob is dark purple; or purple, up to 10 cm long., On a thick leg, which is 2-3 times shorter than it. The inflorescence emits a strong bad smell... Blooms in spring. Aronnik elongated grows well in shady dry corners of the garden. For the winter, it should be covered with a leaf of broad-leaved trees. In GBS Moscow, seeds were collected in 1960 in the Crimea, to the south. the slope of the Kara-Dag. The plant grows from IV to VII. Blooms in V, not every year. Does not bear fruit. H. 30 cm. The flowering of an individual population can last 1-2 months, and that of an individual ear 5 - 7 days. The flowers bloom for 3-4 days, mainly on sunny days from 11 to 17 hours at a temperature of 14-16 ° C. First, female flowers bloom. Pollination occurs with the help of insects (in the Crimea, 12 species from the order Diptera) or small mollusks. The latter eat the appendages of the anthers and release some of the pollen falling down to the female flowers of the cob or to the lower expanded part of the bedspread. From here, crawling insects can carry pollen to female flowers. In addition to cross-pollination, self-pollination is possible in the plant. Elongated aronnik has an unpleasant odor. Photo of Konstantin Alexandrov

Aronik Korolkova- Arum korolkovii Regel= Biarum sewerzowii Regel In the shade of trees, among rocks, along shady gorges to the mid-mountain belt of Central Asia, North-West China and Iran. In 1877, it was described in the Petersburg Botanical Garden on the basis of cultivated specimens. Named in honor of N.I.Korolkov, who first brought tubers. The tuber is spherical, somewhat flattened. Petiole at the bottom with an enlarged sheath, slightly or 2 times as long as the plate. The leaf blade is cordate-lanceolate or triangular. The flowering stem is longer than the petiole, 50-60 cm, with reddish stripes. The coverlet is green, rolled up into a narrow tube, almost 2 times as long as the cob; its plate is oblong-lanceolate, pointed, green outside, whitish inside. The appendage of the cob is cylindrical, reddish, 1.5-2 times as long as the cob. The fruits are red. Blooms in spring. In GBS Moscow, seeds were collected in 1960 in the region of the Turkestan range. Live plants were collected in 1958 in the Aksu-Dzhabagly plant, in 1964 in the Arkit plant, in the Kich-Kil-Sai gorge. The plant grows from IV to VI. Blooms in VI. Seeds in VII. H. 30-50 cm. Freshly harvested seeds sprout next spring... It is unstable in culture. Photo left Alexandrov Konstantin Photo right Mikhail Polotnov

Aronnik Palestinian- Arum palaestinum Boiss. On the rocks, in the shady places of the subtropics of Asia Minor. The tuber is disc-shaped. Petiole 20-30 cm long. The blade is broadly spear-sagittal, 18–20 cm long; the middle lobe is oblong-oval, obtuse or with a short tip, 13-15 cm long, 10 cm wide; lateral - 8-9 cm long, obtuse. The flowering stem is shorter than the petiole. The covered tube is about 4 cm long, inside is green or with a purple tinge; plate oblong-lanceolate, dark purple on the inner side, 15-17 cm long and 4-6 cm wide. The ear is 1/3 shorter than the coverlet, with a dark purple cylindrical appendage, 10-15 cm long and 0.6-0.8 cm thick. The inflorescence has a pleasant aroma. 2n = 28. In culture since 1865. Should be experienced in the south of Russia.

Location: grown in the shade under a layer of forest litter. For the winter, foliage shelter is desirable.

The soil: should be well-drained, fertile, without excess moisture (especially for an elongated arum).

Photo of Olga Bondareva

Reproduction: vegetatively (rhizomes), transplanting at the end of summer and seeds (sowing before winter); forms self-seeding. The tubers are planted to a depth of 8 cm at a distance of 30-45 cm. It is difficult to propagate the elongated aronnik by rhizomes, since it grows very slowly.

Usage: in the middle lane, the most promising arum is spotted and elongated. Very good for planting in shaded rockeries.

SPECIES DETERMINATION KEY
1. The tuber is usually disc-shaped or almost spherical ........... 2 ..
+ The tuber is usually cylindrical or ovoid ............ 5.

2. The flower-bearing stem is shorter than the leaf petiole. Inflorescence with a pleasant aroma ...... A. Palestinian- A. palaestinum.
+ The flowering stem is always longer than the petiole. Inflorescence with unpleasant odor. 3.

3. Bedspread ovoid or elliptical, more or less widened .......... A. eastern- A. orientale.
+ Bedspread elongated, elongated ................... 4.

4. Leaves with a spear-shaped blade, the middle lobe is oblong, 10-20 cm long ............... .A. elongated- A. elongatum.
+ Leaves with a cordate-lance-shaped, larger blade ...................... A. Korolkova- A. korolkowii.

5. The flowering stem is at least 2 times shorter than the petiole ....................... A. Italian- A. italicum.
+ The flower-bearing stem, as a rule, is equal to or longer than the leaf petiole, rarely slightly shorter than it ... A. spotted- A. maculatum.

Aronnik - enough unusual plant... Outwardly, it is very similar to a canna with beautiful leaves and an inflorescence-cob. The special charm of arum is that from the middle of summer its leaves die off, leaving only a peduncle with berries.

Aronnik (Arum) is a perennial herb of the Aroid family. Grows in the forests of the temperate and subtropical zone from Europe to China.

Aronnik has a thickened tuberous rhizome. Arrow-shaped or spear-shaped leaves with decorative veins, less often - spotted, which die off after the end of the flowering period.

Inflorescence-ear of light shades, wrapped in a veil. Moreover, the inflorescence has a very complex and unusual structure, although outwardly and not attractive. But arum is of particular decorative interest during the ripening period of berries. They are collected on the cob and have a beautiful scarlet hue.

In general, arum is exotic. It is rare in our gardens. But in, where there are many stones or lush plexus of plant greenery, it will become a real highlight.

In the spring, beautiful leaves first appear on the plant, in shape they resemble the tip of a spear. Then one inflorescence grows (rarely two). And in the middle of summer, the leaves die off, only a peduncle with berries remains. It is in August that the berries ripen and attract with their appearance.

Only arum is better not to plant people with small children growing up. Since the berries of this plant are very poisonous, they will attract the attention of children and cause serious poisoning.

Arum varieties

Often only three main types of arum are used for growing in the garden.

Aronnik spotted. Leaves of this species have spots on the leaf blade. Flowers appear in May from yellow cobs. In autumn, the leaves die off, and the berries ripen and turn scarlet. As soon as the seeds are dry, they crumble and self-sowing will be in early spring.

Aronikos Cretan. This species has leaves of a very unusual shape, resembling arrows. The inflorescence is orange in color, covered with a veil only to the middle. This is a very thermophilic plant species, so it must be covered for the winter.

Aronik is Italian. In spring, a light yellow flower appears, with a large veil (up to 15 cm). And in the fall, the plant produces beautiful leaves with wavy edges and a silvery pattern. It is a thermophilic species.

The use of arum in landscape design

Growing conditions and care for arum

Lighting and placement... It is better to plant arum in a sunny area, but it also tolerates partial shade. Aronnik spotted grows wild in shady forests.

Watering... Watering is needed moderately in hot weather, but without stagnant water. Do not water in the shade.

The soil... A calcareous, fertile soil with good drainage is suitable.

Wintering... In severely frosty winters, the arum freezes out, therefore, the plant must be covered for the winter.

Reproduction... Arum can be propagated by seeds, lateral processes and dividing the bush.

Diseases and pests... Very rarely, the arum is susceptible to pests and diseases.

General description of arum spotted

Aronnik spotted is perennial, grows up to 60 centimeters in height, is fixed in the ground with the help of an oval rhizome, scattering around itself numerous adventitious roots, which come in different thicknesses. The rosette of leaves growing near the roots is arrow-shaped. Long petioles are located at the base. The rosette is surrounded by scaly brownish leaves. The most striking feature of the arum spotted is the long inflorescence, which is enclosed in a leaf-shaped wrapper. This plant has unisexual flowers of purple-brown color, which hold tightly to the thickened cone-shaped peduncle. Thus, the flowers form an inflorescence-ear.

The inflorescence is designed so that it can catch small insects for pollination. In the evening, the ear gives off a scent that attracts insects. When they fall into the trap, they spontaneously pollinate the flowers. After the end of pollination, the hairs droop, thereby opening the way for insects to free.

The plant begins to bloom in April and ends in June. After fertilization, a little time passes - and the top of the cob, along with the wrapping leaf, dies off, and red berries grow in their place.

Aronnikus spotted prefers to settle on clayey soil rich in lime, especially in wet floodplain forests. It is often found in mixed forests, as well as in bushy thickets. In the middle zone of the country it does not tolerate winter well.

And although this plant is useful, you need to be careful with it, since it is very poisonous and not only stems and leaves, but also berries.

The composition of the arum spotted is not fully understood. The whole plant, especially the leaves, contains many crystals of oxalic acid, as well as its salts, which are called oxalate salts. Calcium oxalate crystals have sharp and thin needles, upon contact with which the human skin is injured.

For treatment, the rhizome of the plant is used, less often the leaves.

Medicinal properties and use of arum spotted

On the basis of arum spotted, the medicine Arum is produced, which is popular for inflammation of the oral mucosa, runny nose, for diseases of the lungs, bronchi and upper respiratory tract, scarlet fever, mumps and measles. When the vocal cords are torn and the voice becomes hoarse, Arum is also helpful. If the singer broke his voice, then before singing he must take this medicine. Its daily dose is three to ten drops. In addition to internal consumption, you can gargle with this drug by diluting five drops in a glass of warm water.

In folk medicine, this plant is used as an expectorant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-rheumatic and anti-febrile agent.

In case of liver diseases, urolithiasis, hemorrhoids, it is necessary to take alcohol tincture from dry tubers inside. She also helps externally with radiculitis.

An infusion of tubers from dry arum spotted can be used for rheumatism.

Pregnant women consume arum tuber tinctures for the first five months of pregnancy. This drug is good for vomiting, and also helps to cure bronchial asthma. It is also used as a decoction.

It is used in the treatment of hypertension of I, II and III degrees.

Aronica spotted recipes for treating diseases

For the treatment of rheumatism, it is necessary to insist 50 grams of dry tubers in two liters of water for one night. On the first day, take one drop three times a day, increasing the dose by one drop every day. When the dose rises to 10 drops, you should take a break and, if necessary, resume the course of treatment in exactly two weeks.

With lichen, the tubers of the plant are ground and mixed with honey. The resulting composition is smeared with the affected areas.

For external use, it is necessary to prepare an alcoholic infusion from grated tubers. To do this, you need to pour 10 grams of tubers with one hundred grams of vodka and leave for several days.

For the treatment of rheumatism, it is necessary to make a 10% tincture of dry berries and insist on alcohol. This mixture also helps with fever.

For the treatment of muscle inflammation, and if necessary, insist the root of the spotted arum in vodka.

For wound healing, dry aronica spotted tubers should be ground into powder.

Contraindications and side effects of aronica spotted

Overdose is the main contraindication. It should be remembered that the plant is completely poisonous. Therefore, it is not recommended to engage in self-medication, or it must be done very carefully.

In case of poisoning, severe irritation occurs in the mouth, then in the pharynx, with a transition to the stomach and intestines.

After taking a large dose of a homemade drug, general agitation sets in. Some time later, vomiting, profuse salivation, convulsions, loss of voice, disruption of the heart, manifestations of paralysis of individual organs and limbs are possible.

The side effects of poisoning with this plant are very severe. Since the first sign of poisoning is an unpleasant sensation in the mouth, it is necessary to take measures to further prevent the spread of the poison. To do this, you should drink a few tablets of activated carbon. It has the property of binding toxic substances.

After taking the pills, you must immediately contact medical institution... There, a slimy decoction can be prescribed as first aid.

Expert editor: Sokolova Nina Vladimirovna| Phytotherapist

Education: Diploma in the specialty "General Medicine" and "Therapy" received at the University named after NI Pirogov (2005 and 2006). Advanced training at the Department of Phytotherapy at the Peoples' Friendship University of Moscow (2008).