Introduction

The activities of the internal affairs bodies have always been under the close attention of society, since it, to one degree or another, affects the interests of all its members. Her results are the most directly affect the security of the individual, society and the state, the realization of their legitimate interests. Work in the Department of Internal Affairs is associated with many moral problems generated by the specifics of the goals, content, forms, methods and means of their activities. The mere fact that it is necessary to ensure law and order, the peaceful life of citizens using coercive measures and restrictions on individual rights, causes a whole range of contradictions both in public and in individual consciousness.

The professional activity of police officers belongs to the category of complex, making very high demands on law enforcement officers, since the fate of many people depends on the decisions they make. Police officers represent state bodies that guard personal and state interests.

Psychological features The activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies are currently studied in some detail in legal psychology. At the same time, the development of this problem was carried out both in terms of a psychological analysis of the structure of the professional activity of employees of the internal affairs bodies, and in terms of the psychological characteristics of the complex of psychological characteristics inherent in it.

Knowledge of mental laws, the use of certain psychological methods in the process of legal activity facilitates a person’s work, helps him regulate and build relationships with other people, better understand the motives of people’s actions, cognize objective reality, correctly evaluate it and use the results of knowledge in practice.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the psychological aspect of the reliability of the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies.

Object of study -

Subject of study -

Based on the purpose and object of the study, the following research tasks were set:

Chapter 1 Theoretical analysis of the problem of reliability of professional activity of police officers

Features of the activities of police officers

The activities of law enforcement officers often take place in tense, conflict situations that are life-threatening and are associated with the use of weapons. A banal check of documents or a remark to the violator of the rules traffic, conducting a preventive conversation, confrontation, interrogation are full of mental stress and contain the potential for a "psychological explosion", which develops into the most acute confrontation.

In the last decade, experts have noted a tendency towards an increase in such situations and circumstances. At the same time, emergency circumstances are especially difficult, which are caused by phenomena and factors of a natural, man-made or social nature, often disrupting the normal life of the population, public safety and order in a particular territory. These circumstances include, first of all, the actions of natural forces (for example, earthquakes, forest fires, hurricanes, mudflows, epidemics, etc.), emergency changes in the technosphere (accidents at environmentally hazardous industries, transport disasters, destruction of buildings, etc.) and social cataclysms (riots, terrorist acts, actions of illegal armed groups, group resistance to law enforcement forces, etc.) [Noskov, p. 6].

Such situations and circumstances have a strong psychological impact on everyone, including law enforcement officials. In the scientific psychological and pedagogical literature, the term extreme (special, exceptional, emergency) situations is used. Creating great difficulties in solving professional problems, they affect the success of actions and require psychological stability, as well as special preparedness, special ability to act under such conditions. The growing activity and professionalism of criminal elements has led to the emergence of a new type of law enforcement activity - service and combat. For its implementation, first of all, the personnel of the bodies and troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, special detachments (ALMAZ, SPETSNAZ, Strela, etc.), as well as privates and commanders, chiefs should be ready [Pankin, p. 181].

There are two groups of extreme factors.

A.I. Pankin singles out extreme moral and psychological factors as the first group [Pankin, p. 146], including:

Observable and perceived violations of public order and understanding of one's duty to stop violations and restore order;

Sharp activation of criminal elements;

Human losses and deprivations observed in the process of service: death of people, corpses, victims, suffering, grief of people, their need, endured hardships, material damage, calls for help, etc .;

Awareness of responsibility for one's actions, decisions, actions, as well as the achievement of the necessary professional result;

Great significance of the events taking place, understanding of personal involvement in them;

Danger to the health and life of citizens, their colleagues and themselves personally;

Collectivism and solidarity, which are expressed in the understanding of the need for coordinated actions with colleagues and interacting units, the provision of mutual support and revenue;

Bribery and promises, which in extreme conditions psychologically put employees before a moral choice - professional betrayal or fidelity to duty, oath, honor.

This group of factors has a strong moral and psychological impact, as it requires employees to have high moral and psychological preparedness, resilience, mobilization, and self-control.

The second group consists of extreme professional and psychological factors, which are characterized by a general effect on the psyche and make it difficult to implement previously worked out actions in relatively calm working conditions. IN this group can include:

Novelty, uniqueness. Since extreme situations of increased complexity do not occur daily for most law enforcement officers, they are distinguished by a certain uniqueness that requires unconventional actions with the strain of their capabilities;

Suddenness. Difficult conditions require readiness for vigilance, the ability to concentrate, not to get confused;

Ease, lack of time. In an extreme situation, a professional is obliged to respond to changes adequately and immediately;

High loads. Action in difficult conditions implies the use of all possibilities - mental, emotional, strong-willed, physical. At the same time, in emergency circumstances, it is often necessary to solve problems in conditions of deprivation - violations of food intake, conditions for rest and sleep, etc.;

long-term loads. So, constant haste, solving complex problems, talking with people who are difficult to communicate, violations of plans with urgent tasks, etc., have an influence. It is even more difficult for those who are in the field for days and weeks;

Uncertainty. Police officers almost always operate in an environment of complete or partial information uncertainty: ambiguity, lack of information, abundance of significant and irrelevant information, of varying degrees of reliability and inconsistency;

Risk. There is an increased degree of risk in law enforcement. At the same time, the risks of police officers are diverse: failure to solve an official task, violation of deadlines, a criminal’s avoiding responsibility, receiving a penalty, dismissal, physical injury, risk to one’s life, risk to citizens, risk to one’s authority and moral prestige, etc. P. [Pankin, p. 150-151].

Each police officer, having got into extreme conditions, experiences large and sometimes extreme loads. What happens in his psyche inevitably affects the quality of his professional actions, and not unambiguously [Psychology, Naumkina, p. 257]. Mental activity in extreme conditions is characterized by:

A heightened sense of duty, responsibility and determination, combined with a desire to unconditionally and qualitatively solve the tasks at hand;

Complete self-mobilization, the manifestation of all forces and capabilities in the course of solving problems;

Combat excitement (within the limits of usefulness), increased vigor and activity, great perseverance and perseverance in achieving goals;

Activity maximalism, expressed in a passionate desire to achieve a result, moreover, the highest and unconditional,

Increased vigilance, attentiveness, observation, quick and clear work of thought;

Composure and constant readiness for any surprises, for quick reactions to a change in the situation and the emergence of danger;

Resistance to temporary failures, etc. [Romanova, p. 45].

It is in accordance with such psychological characteristics that the actions of police officers are of high quality, increased clarity, and effectiveness. Many of these workers experience professional excitement and pleasure in extreme conditions, which is an alarming signal.

In the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies, the following main elements can be distinguished:

cognitive activity. It is difficult to overestimate its importance for all activities of the employee. Without the implementation of cognitive activity, it is impossible to achieve any goal of the fight against crime, without knowledge, neither the activity as a whole, nor any of its types indicated above can be realized. Only as a result of the process of cognition does it become possible to purposefully carry out other actions of the employee.

In order to solve the problems of combating crime, the cognitive activity of an employee must ensure the establishment of facts, circumstances, causal dependencies related to events of the present, past, and future time. For example, on the collection, analysis, generalization of information on identifying persons of operational interest, and anticipating their illegal actions in the future, all work on the prevention of crimes, as well as work on the disclosure of committed crimes, is based.

Taking into account the complexity, diversity, variety of tasks solved by the employee, the insufficiency and often inconsistency of their conditions, the variability of the initial data, the presence of elements of surprise, etc., it is possible with good reason to attribute the employee's cognitive activity to creative, and the main form of providing knowledge in it call practical creative thinking.

constructive activity. It is understood as mental activity aimed at planning actions to detect, investigate, prevent crimes, search for hidden criminals, etc. If during the implementation of cognitive activity, thinking mainly seeks to answer the questions: what is still unknown, what needs to be additionally discovered, found to solve a specific problem, then in constructive activity, planning of the stages of cognitive activity is carried out, i.e. it gives an answer to the question: in what sequence we will search for the unknown. In other words, the search and constructive activities of an employee are two sides of a single process of thinking, characterizing its different stages.

Organizational activity. It aims to provide optimal conditions for the implementation of all other types of professional activities of the employee. Its content is the management of the processes of disclosure, investigation, prevention of crimes, which is manifested in operational management, accounting and control, maintaining interaction between the participants in these processes. It consists of both the transfer and exchange of information, and the organization of the actions of other persons who, by the nature of their duties, must follow the instructions of the employee.

Communicative activity. As noted above, the professional activity of an employee is characterized by wide communication. His communicative activity consists in obtaining the necessary information through communication, i.e. direct verbal contact with others in order to solve practical operational tasks. In order to influence people in the process of communication, the personality of an employee must harmoniously combine sufficiently high intelligence and erudition with a strong will, as well as a set of personal properties that determine his human attractiveness.

Of course, in the real work of employees, each of these structural components is not found in its pure form, they are all carried out in an organic unity.

I.V. Muravyov, who studied the psychological characteristics of police officers [link], positive changes are not only individual, but also group in nature. In combat detachments, units that are highly prepared, there is a strengthening of the moral and psychological climate, healthy public opinion and an optimistic mood, relationships are subordinated to combat and service interests, interaction, mutual understanding, mutual assistance, manifestations of camaraderie, solidarity, mutual support, adherence to professional and professional martial traditions, etc. [Muraviev, p. 37].

However, in professionally, morally and psychologically poorly trained workers, extreme situations and their inherent factors have a negative impact, including:

Displacement of the intensity of mental stress beyond the limits of usefulness;

Confusion, anxiety, slow reactions, indecision;

Fear of failure, subordinating one's behavior to the motive of avoiding failure at all costs, fear of responsibility;

Deterioration of observation, intelligence, assessment of the situation, manifestations of memory lapses and illusions of perception;

Decreased perseverance, activity, perseverance, resourcefulness and ingenuity in achieving goals, increased propensity to find excuses;

Constant feeling of weakness, fatigue, impotence, inability to mobilize;

An aggravation of the sense of self-preservation, which captures the entire consciousness and becomes the only motivating force of behavior;

The growth of irritability, loss of control over oneself, etc. [Ants, p. 54]

These negative manifestations in mental activity are reflected in actions and deeds. With an increase in tension and the appearance of overvoltage, there is a loss of creative ability, an adequate understanding of what is happening. Actions at the same time become patterned and do not fully correspond to the situation. Subsequently, with a further increase in mental stress and under the influence of the negative psychological phenomena that have arisen, errors appear even in the skills and abilities worked out, their number gradually increases; performance is drastically reduced.

With an increase in the limiting voltage, gross errors appear; there are manifestations of outright cowardice, refusal to carry out risky assignments, deceit, dishonesty, lack of will, etc.

All of the above prompted O.A. Zhirnov to study the adaptation of police officers in extreme conditions [link].

In his opinion, for an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the development of adaptive capabilities is essential, because. his professional activity has little in common with previous life experience and, consequently, with the formed range of adaptive qualities. This applies to the physical, psychological, and social qualities of employees [Zhirnov, p. 22].

A.F. Zelinsky determines that adaptation is the process of including a person in new forms, conditions, relations of activity [Zelinsky, p. 26].

Adaptation is an indispensable component of a person's entire life, since his living environment is not completely stable. This applies to both physical, and mental, and social, and informational components.

The adaptive capabilities of people are different [Zhirnov, p. 154]. In many ways, they are determined by such objective factors as the climatic and geographical features of the lifestyle, genetic features, the nature of the psychophysical formation of the personality, as well as the specifics of the activity performed.

At the same time, adaptive capabilities, not limited to purely physical resources of the body, develop depending on the direction and stability of personal qualities.

It should be noted that in extreme conditions, not only employees who perform the tasks of neutralizing persons who have come into conflict with the law, or ensuring law and order in public places, are serving. The Law of the Republic of Belarus “On Internal Affairs Bodies” [link] obliges each employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in a situation where he is a witness to an offense to take all measures to prevent this offense and detain offenders. In other words, any employee, regardless of position and rank, if necessary, is obliged to protect the law.

Analyzing the problems of death and injury of employees of the internal affairs bodies, V.N. Akulyonok uses the category "criminological victimology" [Akulenok, p. 76]. According to V.N. Akulyonok, criminological victimology is an increased likelihood of becoming a victim of criminal acts, the vulnerability of an individual's life due to certain features of his official behavior [Akulenok, p. 77].

General or mass victimization may be relatively low, but the real probability of becoming a victim of a crime is typical even for a very prudent and cautious person only because he appears in public places, uses transport, possesses any movable or immovable property, communicates with people of different nationalities, political and moral beliefs, their own and the opposite sex, etc. Obviously, in the context of the growth of crime, the high victimization of the population of modern society also increases, which means an increase in the likelihood for each person to be a victim of a crime [Safronov].

The behavior of an employee of the internal affairs bodies is set by his professional role position (oath, charters, instructions, orders) and, therefore, initiative actions of a counter-criminal nature are required, which forms his increased victimization [Safronov].

Familiarization with specific criminal situations shows that the highest probability of a dangerous attack on an employee of the internal affairs bodies performing duties of protecting public order exists on the streets, highways, as well as in parks and squares - every second attack. One-fifth of the offenses were committed in residential areas. Garages, sheds, elevators, railway platforms also appear as the scene of the incident. The reason for the aggression on the part of the offender was mainly the actions of the officer to suppress the offense, an attempt to deliver the criminal to the internal affairs bodies or the local administration or to physically detain (capture) the criminal, check documents. The attacking criminal opponent most often does not have numerical superiority and acts alone.

The materials of criminal cases make it possible to isolate the main factors that victimize the situation of official contact between a police officer and an offender. These factors become active to a large extent due to the low motivation of a number of employees for the full qualified and efficient performance of their official tasks, poor combat training for action in extreme situations of a criminal nature. The low legal culture and the professional amateurism, rooted in the operational and service activities of a number of internal affairs bodies, give rise to the habitual disregard for regulatory requirements, including in the field of personal security, the desire to simplify and facilitate the actions performed, that is, the phenomenon is predominantly subjective - psychological origin.

Violations by an employee of normatively fixed or tactically appropriate safety rules (often in conjunction with other victimogenic mistakes) mainly come down to the following: non-compliance by an employee with a safety distance when communicating with offenders or other citizens (coming close or letting them near him); diversion of attention from security issues (attention is switched to the preparation of documents, inspection, etc.); indecision, weapons are not used in a timely manner; non-fulfillment of normatively established measures to disarm a potential criminal enemy.

Failure to conduct regular group training in many police departments to perform service and combat tasks in a complicated operational environment (mass riots, group escape of arrested persons, attacks on internal affairs bodies of armed criminals, special operations to detain or neutralize them, etc.) leads to the absence combat coherence and predetermines the inconsistency of the actions of personnel in the joint reflection of attacks. In many cases gross indiscipline plays a fatal role.

In the victimological complex of social and personal factors that lead to the death and injury of police officers and other departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the latter, which have a subjective psychological origin, often prevail. In addition to the usual general carelessness and inattention, a negative stereotype of official activity is also manifested, based on the desire to facilitate and simplify the official actions performed or their individual operations, including to the detriment of regulatory and tactically appropriate personal security requirements. The subsequent development of the victimogenic situation is facilitated by the unwillingness of the employee to act in a tense environment, the inability to quickly and correctly use the available knowledge, experience, personal qualities, maintain self-control and reorganize activities when unforeseen obstacles appear on the way to the implementation of the previously formed plan for tactics of action against the criminal enemy.

Differences in the professional activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies (OVD). The psychological structure of law enforcement. Professional competence of police officers, characteristics of his abilities. Profession of a police officer.

Psychological aspects activities of an employee of the internal affairs bodies (OVD)

Content

• Introduction
• Conclusion

Introduction

The state sets certain goals and objectives for law enforcement agencies aimed at eliminating crime in the country. In general, legal activity is a labor requiring great effort, patience, conscientiousness, knowledge and high responsibility, based on the strictest observance of the norms of the law. "There are a number of features that distinguish this professional activity from other professions:

an extraordinary variety of tasks to be solved in the legal space;

full determinism of activity by norms of the legislation;

legal regulation of the communicative side of activity;

high emotional intensity of labor associated with the need to suppress negative emotions;

creative aspect of work.

In our work, the main psychological aspects of the activities of an employee of the internal affairs bodies will be considered.

Psychological features of actions and activities

Ideas about the structure of activity, although they do not completely exhaust the theory of activity, form its basis. Later, and especially in subsequent lectures, you will get acquainted with the application of the theory of activity to solving fundamental psychological problems, such as the subject of psychology, the origin and development of the psyche in phylo- and ontogenesis, the origin of human consciousness, the nature of personality, etc.

Human activity has a complex hierarchical structure. It consists of several "layers", or levels. Let's name these levels, moving from top to bottom. This is, firstly, the level of special activities (or special activities); then the level of actions, the next - the level of operations, and finally, the lowest - the level of psychophysiological functions.

By definition, an action is a process directed towards the realization of a goal.

Thus, the definition of action includes one more concept that needs to be defined - the goal. What is a goal? This is an image of the desired result, i.e. the result to be achieved in the course of the action.

It should be noted right away that here we have in mind the conscious image of the result: the latter is held in consciousness all the time while the action is being carried out, therefore it does not make much sense to speak of a "conscious goal": the goal is always conscious.

Describing the concept of "action", can highlight the following four points.

The first point: the action includes as a necessary component an act of consciousness (as discussed above) in the form of setting and maintaining a goal. But the given act of consciousness is not closed in itself, as the psychology of consciousness actually asserted, but is "revealed" in action.

The second point: action is at the same time an act of behavior. Consequently, the theory of activity also retains the achievements of behaviorism, making the external activity of animals and humans the object of study. However, unlike behaviorism, it considers external movements as an inseparable unity with consciousness. After all, movement without a goal is rather a failed behavior than its true essence.

The third, very important point: through the concept of action, the theory of activity affirms the principle of activity, opposing it to the principle of reactivity. The principle of activity and the principle of reactivity differ in where, according to each of them, the starting point of the analysis of activity should be placed: in the external environment or inside the organism (subject).

So, through the concept of action, which implies an active principle in the subject (in the form of a goal), psychological theory activity affirms the principle of activity.

And finally, the fourth: the concept of action "brings" human activity into the objective and social world. The point is that the “represented result” (goal) of an action can be anything, and not only and not even so much biological, as, for example, getting food, avoiding danger, etc. This may be the production of some material product, the establishment of social contact, the acquisition of knowledge, etc.

Thus, the concept of action makes it possible to approach with scientific analysis to human life from the side of its human specificity. Such a possibility could in no way be provided by the concept of a reaction, especially an innate reaction, from which J. Watson proceeded. Man, through the prism of Watson's system, acted primarily as a biological being.

It can be said that psychophysiological functions constitute the organic foundation of the processes of activity. Without reliance on them, it would be impossible not only to carry out actions and operations, but also to set the tasks themselves.

The psychological structure of law enforcement

Based on the legislatively defined tasks of the activities of law enforcement agencies, the following varieties can be distinguished: preventive; operational-search; activity on inquiry and investigation of crimes; activities to protect public order and security; security activities; legal proceedings; penitentiary activities.

Drawing up a psychogram of a district police inspector by analyzing expert assessments showed that for their successful professional actions it is necessary to have the following psychological qualities:

professional observation;

balance, self-control in conflicts;

the ability to win over people, inspire their confidence;

subtle observation of the spiritual life of a person;

the ability to defend one's point of view;

the ability to recreate the image according to the verbal description;

the ability to draw conclusions from conflicting information;

memory for the appearance and behavior of a person;

· the ability to quickly establish contacts with new people .

The performance by an operational employee of his official duties requires the following psychological qualities and skills:

the ability to solve professional problems in situations accompanied by a high degree of personal risk and danger to life;

readiness for situations of power (including fire) single combat with criminals;

Increased responsibility for one's actions ("no right to make a mistake");

ability for intensive interpersonal communication with asocial and criminal personalities;

high psychophysiological endurance associated with the lack of a fixed working time (the average working day is 10-12 hours, often there is a 7-day working week, night trips to detain a criminal, etc.);

constant intellectual activity (analysis of continuously changing information, keeping in memory a large number of facts; decision-making in conditions of time pressure and information uncertainty);

the ability to role-play, the ability to impersonate other people, skillfully play the roles of various social and professional types;

Speech resourcefulness, the ability to quickly and reliably explain a critical situation to another, while hiding true intentions.

A significant manifestation of such qualities as open aggressiveness, auto-aggression, impulsiveness, depressive and psychosomatic forms of response in difficult situations, social alienation, the predominance of inhibitory processes over excitation processes in the nervous system, can collectively manifest as a "syndrome of professional unsuitability" for operational-search activities .

In the psychogram of an interrogator and investigator, several groups of personal qualities are often distinguished that determine the success of work in the detection and investigation of crimes. These include:

Motivational-value features (developed legal awareness; honesty; courage; adherence to principles; conscientiousness; diligence, discipline; developed motivation for achievement; pronounced motivation for self-actualization, etc.);

Cognitive qualities (high level of intelligence; flexibility of thought processes; creative thinking; observation; ability to predict; developed intuition; good memory; developed voluntary attention, etc.);

Communicative qualities (the ability to establish psychological contact; possession of a communicative technique of behavior; the presence of organizational qualities, etc.);

Other personality traits(sustainable and adequate self-esteem; autonomy and independence; responsibility; self-respect, etc.).

The following personal qualities are important for employees of the patrol service: the presence of certain life and professional experience; interest in a person, his experiences, the ability to empathize; self-confidence, perseverance, ability to counter violators of law and order; good sports training; confident possession of service firearms; observation; the ability to assimilate new knowledge, learning; active personal position; achievement motivation; efficiency in decision-making; exactingness; aggression control, etc.

Security activity is the main one for employees of the non-departmental protection of the police, some other departments of law enforcement agencies, and private security services. Its main purpose is to protect material assets state and private property. The content of security activities consists in careful monitoring of protected objects and suppression of unlawful encroachments on protected property. Special conditions for security activities are often isolation during service, being in a closed room and the presence of stressful tension in connection with the expectation of a criminal attack on a protected object.

The following qualities are considered essential for the successful performance of official duties by security guards:

Observation and attention (sustainability of attention; distribution of attention; a good amount of attention; the ability to see subtle changes in the protected object, etc.);

emotional and volitional qualities (emotional stability; self-control; perseverance in overcoming difficulties; high activity; responsibility; self-criticism, etc.);

intellectual qualities (the ability to choose the optimal solution from several options; the ability to make a decision with a lack of information; the ability to determine the amount of information needed to make a decision, etc.);

Communicative qualities (the ability to find an appropriate form of communication depending on the situation; the ability to act in concert with other employees, etc.);

quality of memory (good memory for the appearance and behavior of a person; excellent motor, motor memory; the ability to retain in memory for a long time a large number of information; good visual memory for the environment of the protected object, etc.);

motor qualities (quick action under time pressure; quick reaction to an unexpected auditory impression, etc.).

The results of any type of activity of law enforcement officials depend on its qualitative characteristics: normativity, organization, preparedness, mastery and efficiency.

Professional competence of employees of internal affairs bodies

Competence is a set of formed competencies that make up the system of professionalism of a specialist in general or in a specific area of ​​activity. For example, Yu.G. Tatur derives the definition of the competence of a specialist with higher education, considering it in relation to the result of education. The author believes that "the competence of a specialist with higher education is the desire and ability (readiness) shown by him in practice to realize his potential (knowledge, skills, experience, personal qualities, etc.) for successful creative (productive) activity in professional and social sphere, realizing its social significance and personal responsibility for the results of this activity, the need for its continuous improvement.

Until now, there is a wide variety of opinions regarding the types and forms of competence. In various fields of social sciences, it is customary to talk about managerial, civil, professional, social and other types of competence, which indicates a growing interest in this phenomenon. In the psychological and pedagogical literature, among the types of competence under consideration, a prominent place is given to social and professional, because it is the presence of these competencies that is a necessary component of the professionalism of an internal affairs officer.

Social and professional competencies are the most important constituent element of the successful professional activity of the future police officer. The foundations of their formation are laid directly during the period of study at the university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which includes a set of professional, individual psychological, socio-psychological characteristics that contribute to the formation of knowledge, skills, attitudes, personal qualities in cadets, allowing them to successfully carry out their professional activity. Consequently, social competence presupposes the awareness of the individual about social reality, the patterns of the flow of social processes; readiness of the individual for dialogue, decision-making in accordance with the requirements of a particular society and the specifics of the subculture. Professional competence is interpreted in the scientific and pedagogical literature as an integrative characteristic of a person, a set of professional and individual psychological qualities and properties that ensure the successful functioning of a specialist in society and the effective implementation of professional activities.

Professionally and socially competent can be considered a specialist who is: devoted to the profession of an officer, motivated to perform military service and satisfied with it; actively masters the norms and standards of the profession, achieves mastery in it, strives for professional and personal growth; consciously develops his individuality by means of the profession; uses methods of professional and interpersonal communication acceptable in a democratic society; successfully solves the tasks of training and educating the contingent entrusted to him, prepares devoted defenders of the Motherland for society, possesses the psychological and personal qualities necessary for these purposes.

The preparation of a professionally and socially competent personality of a police officer is impossible without the formation of a spiritual and moral culture. This personal education, which is based on a solid value-semantic foundation, acts professionally. significant characteristic law enforcement officers, since law enforcement is associated with professional and moral risk, which implies threats, blackmail, provocations, involvement in illegal connections organized by criminal elements, which can lead to violation of the law, ethical standards, decrease in efficiency or termination of professional activity.

An employee of the law enforcement system objectively and necessarily must be trained and educated in a professional and moral sense, both at the level of consciousness and at the level of behavior. Otherwise, he loses the legal and moral right to engage in law enforcement activities. Of course, any profession imposes certain legal and moral obligations on a person. However, there are activities in our society for which it is not enough to master a certain system of knowledge and skills. You also need a moral right to engage in this type of activity. That is the work of an employee of the internal affairs bodies.

Profession of a police officer

Profession - policeman

A police officer is a person authorized to maintain public order, to protect the peace, health and property of all law-abiding members of society. Naturally, a representative of this profession is also obliged to protect the health and property of offenders, but on the contrary, their peace disappears at the sight of the uniform of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In addition to pagons, a policeman can also be distinguished by special labor tools - a rubber truncheon and a pistol. Such professional tools are due to the fact that their craft is special and requires the use of force when there is no other way out.

People with such a profession can only be found in the open spaces former USSR because in the rest of the world they are called police officers. Of course, as soon as any formed community of people appeared, there were those in it who forced them to comply with the rules and order. But the policemen appeared instead of the tsarist police and gendarmerie in the territory subject to the revolutionary command in the spring of 1917. And the very name "militia", meaning armed people's militia, was introduced to create an apparent proximity to common man. The official date of the formation of police units is November 10, 1917, when the NKVD decree "On the workers' militia" was issued. Initially, these were simply volunteer detachments of workers and peasants, but about a year later a state police service was formed. …

The order rests mainly on the fear of punishment. If it were not for the representatives of this special profession, then our society would fall into uncontrolled anarchy within a few days. But thanks to the methods that some policemen use, as well as the characteristics of the personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, today the attitude towards the police is different for different people.

The first thing they will ask if they want to get a job in the police is whether he served in the armed forces. By the nature of the duties performed, a policeman must have a sports uniform, have hand-to-hand combat techniques and a heightened sense of justice. An experienced law enforcement officer can identify in a crowd of people exactly the person who threw a stone into a shop window.

What is good about the profession of a policeman is career growth - up to the rank of general. Law enforcement officers have the pleasure of enjoying many social guarantees in the form of free medical care, vacation vouchers, etc. But do not forget that employees of the internal affairs bodies risk their lives every day, chasing criminal elements, and in return they receive a contemptuous attitude from the majority of the population due to corruption in the ranks of the police leadership.

In fact, an ordinary policeman just needs to be taught his powers and duties - the rest can be trained during the service itself. Professional militiamen are trained in the cadet corps of justice and militia schools. Those law enforcement officers who wish to receive the rank of lieutenant and above must graduate from the University of Internal Affairs.

Dominant activities

ensuring public order;

identification of the reasons contributing to the commission of crimes;

clarification of the conditions that favored the commission of crimes;

taking measures to eliminate the factors affecting the growth of crime in the service area;

protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens of enterprises, institutions and organizations from criminal encroachments or illegal actions;

organization of legal propaganda and carrying out activities to prevent offenses;

creating conditions and conducting educational and training programs with offenders;

record keeping (taking testimonies of witnesses, suspects, etc.);

interaction with the citizens of their site to solve professional problems;

regular progress reports to senior officials;

assistance to citizens in need of legal protection;

participation in the search for evidence at the scene of an incident or crime.

Qualities that ensure the success of professional activities

Capabilities:

the ability to quickly organize oneself and others to do the job;

very high level of development of the will;

selectivity of attention;

the ability to quickly switch attention to another object;

the ability to focus attention on the necessary object for the right amount of time (sustainability of attention);

the ability to convince people;

development of logical thinking;

the ability to correctly express their thoughts;

the ability to listen to people;

speed of reaction;

good development of figurative, verbal-logical memory;

the ability to make quick decisions depending on the situation. Personal qualities, interests, inclinations:

decency, morality;

observation;

good intuition, ability to understand people;

determination;

ability to predict situations;

justice;

initiative, energy; exactingness to oneself and to people;

psychological professiogram police officer

erudition; the ability to quickly navigate the environment;

good physical and mental endurance;

emotional stability, endurance.

Areas of application of professional knowledge

ATS (department of internal affairs);

RUVD (district department of internal affairs);

GUVD (city department of internal affairs).

Conclusion

Professional legal activity is complex and multifaceted, however, to one degree or another, the following aspects can be distinguished in it: search (cognitive) - the collection of initial information for solving professional problems; communicative - communication with people to solve professional problems; certification transformation of the received information into the forms specially provided for by law (protocols, resolutions, etc.); organizational - organization of own work and joint work with other officials, law enforcement agencies; reconstructive (constructive) - processing of all information and decision-making based on the norms of legislation; social - the implementation of preventive, corrective measures in a certain area.

In each of the above parties, the corresponding personal qualities of a specialist are realized, ensuring the success of professional activity. Therefore, the main task of the psychology of legal work is to identify rational relationships between the personality of a lawyer and the requirements of the above listed aspects of professional activity.

List of used literature

1. Administrative activities of the Department of Internal Affairs. Uch. allowance. Under. Ed. Major General of Militia A. S. Mavlyanova, - B.: Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic, 2008.

2. Anishchenko A.Yu. Tactical and special training of employees of internal affairs bodies for actions in emergency situations. Tutorial. - M: DKO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2006.

3. Enikeev M.I. Psychological encyclopedic dictionary. - M.: Prospekt, 2006.

4. Karayani A.G., Tsvetkov V.L. Psychology of communication and negotiations in extreme conditions. - M.: UNITI-DANA, 2009.

5. Karayani A.G., Tsvetkov V.L. Experimental legal psychology. Tutorial. - M.: UNITI-DANA, 2012.

6. Lebedev I.B., Rodin V.F., Marinovskaya I.D., Tsvetkov V.L. Legal psychology / Under the editorship of V.Ya. Kikotya. - M.: UNITI-DANA, 2006.

7. Lebedev I.B., Rodin V.F., Tsvetkov V.L. Fundamentals of psychology for a law enforcement officer. Tutorial. - M.: Shield-M, 2004.

8. Ledneva I.V. Formation of social competence of a cadet of a higher education institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (socio-pedagogical aspect) // Bulletin of Kostroma state university them. ON THE. Nekrasov. 2007. No. 2. P.35-36.

9. Regulatory framework for the activities of the Department of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic. Textbook. - B., 2002

10. http://profcompas.ru/page3_2. htm

11. http://www.psyarticles.ru/view_post. php? id=556

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MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

KRASNODAR UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY

PSYCHOLOGY

IN STAFF ACTIVITIES

OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS

METHODOLOGICAL MATERIALS

students in the specialty

030900.62 Law

Krasnodar

Psychology in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies: Educational and methodological materials for students of the faculty of distance learning (specialty 030900.62 Jurisprudence) / Compiled by Krasnodar: Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2013. - 33 p.

Discussed and approved at a meeting of the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy on November 17, 2012, Protocol No. 7

© Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2013.

I. General guidelines for students on the study of the discipline "Psychology in the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies."

The course “Psychology in the activities of law enforcement officers” is of great importance for the professional training of future law enforcement officers.

Employees of internal affairs bodies, due to the specifics of their professional activities, have to work with people on a daily basis. The list of their functional duties, involving the processes of communication and management, is extensive. They conduct interviews, interrogations, interrogations, public performance and so on.

In the process of implementing these and other measures, internal affairs officers often need to establish psychological contact and trusting relationships with citizens, encourage them to act in the interests of the law, and persuade them to give truthful testimony. They need to be able to determine the mental state of the interlocutor, control themselves in a difficult, extreme situation of physical and psychological confrontation with a criminal, have an educational impact on a minor who has embarked on the wrong path in life, find words of consolation for the victim, a person who has suffered from criminal encroachments.

The tasks of fighting crime require that in the new social conditions modern Russia employees of the internal affairs bodies had a high level of psychological preparation, similar to that which has always distinguished the best Russian detectives and their colleagues from the police of other countries of the world.

Objectives of the discipline:

The purpose of mastering the discipline "Psychology in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies" is the formation of cadets' psychological skills and abilities that allow them to ensure the high-quality implementation of professional activities; teach tricks effective communication with various categories of citizens and conflict resolution in official activities.

Discipline tasks:

Build an understanding of the role psychological knowledge in the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies;

To teach cadets (listeners) the psychological features of the negotiation process;

To form professional communication skills in the process of establishing psychological contact;

To teach cadets (students) to use the methods of self-regulation of mental states in the process of professional activity, including in extreme conditions.

As a result of studying the discipline, the cadet (listener) must:

Know:

Psychological features of the activities of employees of various law enforcement services; (OK-1, OK-5, OK-6, OK - 7, OK-8, OK - 10, PC-2, PC-10, PC-13, PC-14, PC-15, PC-16, PC -20);

Fundamentals of psychoprophylaxis of negative psychological conditions (OK-8, OK - 11, PC-25);

Psychological requirements for the personality of a law enforcement officer (OK-1, OK-5, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-10, PC- 13, PK-14, PK-15, PK-16, PK-20, PK-25);

Psychological foundations of professional communication of law enforcement officers (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-25);

Causes and psychological foundations for preventing and resolving conflicts in professional activities (OK-5, OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, PC-5, PC-25);

Psychological foundations for the production of investigative actions (OK-1, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-5, PC-10, PC-13, PC-14, PK-15, PK-16, PK-20, PK-25);

Psychological characteristics of participants in the criminal process (OK-1, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, PC-2, PC-10, PC-14, PC-16, PC-20, PC-25) .

Be able to:

Use psychological knowledge in the process of professional activity (OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-25);

Correctly build communication with colleagues in the service team and with citizens (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-25);

Diagnose the causes of the conflict, develop and apply strategies for behavior during the conflict, use various methods and ways to prevent and positively resolve conflicts (OK-5, OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, PC-5, PC-25);

Use the methods of self-regulation of mental states in the process of professional activity, including in extreme conditions (OK-8, OK-10, PC-25).

Own :

Skills in the use of psychological methods and techniques in order to effective solution service tasks (OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-25);

The skills of establishing psychological contact, visual psychodiagnostics and psychological influence, correct behavior in a conflict situation (OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, PC-2, PC-10, PC-25);

Positive communication skills in the process of professional activity (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-25).

To better consolidate knowledge in this course, students should pay attention to the close connection of the topics studied with the legal sciences, and rely on knowledge from the relevant previously studied disciplines.

additional literature

§ Godfroy J. What is psychology: In 2 volumes - M .: Mir, 2002.

§ Granovskaya practical psychology. - L., 2001.

§ Myers D. Social psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Psychology of individual differences. Reader, ed. Gippenreiter. M., 2000.

§ Legal psychology. Reader. M., 2000.

Tasks for self-test:

1. Psychic Reflection:

a) is an exact copy of the surrounding reality;

b) is selective;

c) provide a photograph of the impact environment;

d) does not depend on reflection conditions.

2. Socio-psychological manifestations of the personality, its relationship with people is studied by psychology:

b) social;

c) pedagogical;

3. The main method of modern psychology is:

a) testing

b) introspection

c) experiment

d) observation

4. Purposeful, systematically carried out perception of objects, in the knowledge of which the person is interested, is:

a) experiment;

b) content analysis;

c) observation;

d) method of analysis of products of activity.

5. The concept of "self-observation" is synonymous with the term:

a) introversion;

b) introjection;

c) introspection;

d) introscopy.

6. Obtaining by the subject of data on his own mental processes and states at the time of their occurrence or after it is:

a) observation;

b) experiment;

c) testing;

d) self-observation.

7. The active intervention of the researcher in the activities of the subject in order to create conditions for establishing a psychological fact is called:

a) content analysis;

b) product analysis;

c) conversation;

d) experiment.

8. Depending on the situation, an observation can be distinguished:

a) field;

b) solid;

c) systematic,

d) discrete.

9. The ability of the researcher to cause some kind of mental process or property is the main advantage:

a) observations;

b) experiment;

c) content analysis;

d) product analysis.

Topic 2The main socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of a police officer.

The main content of the topic:

The concept of personality in psychology and legal science. Individual, personality, individuality. Biological and social in the structure of personality. Worldview basis, value orientations, orientation, motivational sphere of personality. Basic theories of personality in modern domestic and foreign psychology. The life path of the individual and its socialization. Formation and development of personality (main stages).

The goals of studying personality in the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies. Psychological methods for studying the personality of subjects of law enforcement activity. Methods and techniques for studying a person's individuality by an employee of the internal affairs bodies. The use by an employee of the internal affairs bodies of psychological knowledge about a person in professional activities.

Knowledge, skills and habits. Skills and skills as structural elements of activity. Education skills and abilities. Motor skills and abilities. Cognitive skills and abilities. Practical skills and abilities. The concept of habit and its place in the structure of activity.

Professiogram of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. Social, reconstructive, organized, authenticating, communicative, search activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies (,).

The general structure of the human motivational sphere. Interests, tasks, desires, intentions as motivational dispositions. The concept of motivation as a conscious and unconscious process. Dispositive and situational determinants of behavior. Correlation of dispositions (motives), needs and goals. A. Maslow's pyramid of needs.

Motivation and personality. Motivation, self-esteem, the level of claims. Behavior of people with different motives in extreme situations. Motivation of prosocial and asocial behavior. Altruism and empathy as motives. Motivation for aggressiveness and frustration.

The concept of abilities. Ability concepts. Abilities and orientation of the individual. The ratio of acquired and natural in abilities. Inclinations as the primary natural basis of abilities. Inclinations. Ability structure. Abilities and typology of people. Psychological criteria for the suitability of employees of internal affairs bodies for service.

The concept of temperament. Types of temperaments and the use of knowledge about them in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies. Distinctive aspects of each type of temperament. Temperament and basic properties nervous system person. Psychological characteristics of temperament. Accounting by an employee of the internal affairs bodies of the type of human temperament in the production of investigative actions.

The concept of character. The nature and temperament of a person. Typology of characters (E. Kretschmer, K. Leonhard, E. Fromm and others). Character formation. The role of character in the overall structure of personality. The use of knowledge about character in the practice of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies.

Questions to the topic:

1. The emotional sphere of the employee's personality and the ways of its development.

When studying this issue, it is necessary to consider in more detail the difference between emotions and feelings, as well as the forms of manifestation of emotions. It is especially important to consider such forms as: stress, affect.

2. Volitional sphere of personality.

When considering the issue, it is necessary to study the volitional qualities of a person necessary for employees of the internal affairs bodies and ways to develop volitional qualities.

The most important for employees to study the problems of motivation and orientation of the individual is to consider the motivation of antisocial and criminal behavior.

4. Types of temperament and their consideration in the psychological assessment of a person.

When considering this issue, it is of the greatest importance that an employee of the internal affairs bodies take into account the type of human temperament in the production of investigative actions.

5. Character properties and their consideration when compiling the characteristics of an internal affairs officer.

The study of this issue must begin with a typology of character and the application of knowledge about character in the practice of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies.

6. The structure of human abilities.

When considering this issue, it is necessary to focus on the ratio of acquired and natural abilities, as well as on the psychological criteria for the suitability of employees of internal affairs bodies for service.

Main literature

§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001

§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.

additional literature

§ Nemov: Proc. For students. - M., 1994. - Book 1.

§ (Psychology of personality. - S.

§ Psychology and Pedagogy: Textbook for High Schools / Comp. . - M., 1999 (Psychology of personality. General and individual in the human psyche. - C

§ Psychology of Personality. Texts. - M., 1982. (What is a personality (); 11-19. Some features of the psychological structure of personality (): Basic ideal types of personality (E. Spranger): 55-60. Self-actualization (A. Maslow).

Tasks for self-test:

1. Feelings associated with cognitive activity are called feelings:

a) moral

b) intellectual

c) aesthetic

d) practical

2. A strong, persistent, lasting feeling that captures a person and owns him is called:

a) affect

b) passion

c) mood

d) feeling

3. A strong emotional state of an explosive nature that affects the entire personality, characterized by a violent course, a change in consciousness and a violation of volitional control, is:

b) passion

c) frustration

4. The state of increasing emotional stress that occurs in conflict situations, obstacles associated with strong motivation - a threat to the well-being of the individual - is:

b) frustration

c) mood

5. States, the content of which is an insurmountable fear of specific situations, objects, creatures or an indefinite objectless fear, are called:

a) affect

b) phobias

c) stress

d) frustration

6. Will - regulation by a person of his behavior, associated with overcoming internal and external obstacles. This regulation:

a) conscious

b) unconscious

c) intuitive

d) involuntary

7. The ability of a person to independently make responsible decisions and steadily implement them in activities characterizes him:

a) persistence

b) independence

c) integrity

d) decisiveness

8. The ability of a person to a long and unrelenting tension of energy, a steady movement towards the intended goal is manifested as:

a) persistence

b) consciousness

c) optimism

d) diligence

9. The ability of a person to determine his actions, focusing not on the pressure of others, not on random influences, but on the basis of his beliefs, knowledge, characterizes him:

a) persistence

b) independence

c) integrity

d) self-confidence

Topic 3. Psychological and pedagogical features of adaptation and deformation of the personality of police officers.

The main content of the topic:

The concept of adaptation. History of studying the problems of adaptation. adaptation mechanisms. levels of adaptation. Types of adaptation. Physiological, mental, social adaptation in the activities of law enforcement officers.

Professional adaptation and its role in the activities of the Department of Internal Affairs. Features of adaptation to different periods professional development of employees of internal affairs bodies.

Adaptation in extreme conditions. Mechanisms to prevent maladaptation of law enforcement officers.

The concept of "suicide". Theories of suicidal behavior. Psychopathological, psychological, sociological concept of suicidal behavior. Psychological crisis states as a factor one of the factors causing suicide.

Causes, conditions and motives of suicides. Causes of suicides of employees of internal affairs bodies. Anti-suicidal personality factors.

Employee suicide prevention.

Questions to the topic:

1. The concept of adaptation. Types of adaptation.

When studying this issue, it is necessary to pay attention to such types of adaptation as: physiological, psychological, social and professional.

2. Professional deformation.

Consideration of the issue of studying deformation must begin with the concept of "deformation" and "professional deformation".

3. Psychological prevention of professional deformation.

It is advisable to start studying the prevention of professional deformation with the forms of manifestation and methods for preventing professional deformation.

4. Causes, conditions and motives for suicides of police officers.

When considering this issue, the closest attention should be paid to studying the causes and motives for suicides of police officers.

5. Prevention of suicidal behavior of police officers.

This question is aimed at the theoretical study and practical application of preventive measures to prevent suicidal behavior.

Main literature

§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.

§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001

§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.

§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.

additional literature

§ Beznosov deformation and personality education // Psychological support of human social development. - L., 1989.

§ Beznosov personality deformation: approaches, concepts, method: Abstract for the degree of Doctor of Psychology. - St. Petersburg, 1997.

§ Belosludtsev of psychological support for the prevention of professional deformation of employees of correctional institutions // Psychopedagogy in law enforcement agencies. No. 2. 1997.

§ Borisova deformation of the employee's personality // Encyclopedia of Legal Psychology / Ed. ed. prof. . - M., 2003.

§ Borisov's deformation of police officers and its personal determinants: Abstract for the degree of candidate of psychological sciences. - M., 1998., Tikhonenko of suicidal behavior: Method. Recommendations. M., 1980.

§ Bulatsel from ancient times to the present day. M., 1991.

§ Prevention of suicides of employees of internal affairs bodies. Guidelines under the general editorship. Moscow Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation 1999.

§ Psychological support for the professional activities of police officers. Guidelines. Ed. et al. St. Petersburg, 1998.

Tasks for self-test:

1. A set of physiological reactions that underlies the adaptation of the body to changes in environmental conditions and is aimed at maintaining its relative constancy internal environment called adaptation.

a) physiological

b) psychological

c) social

d) communicative

2. The presence of mechanisms of conscious self-regulation is the main difference:

a) physiological adaptation

b) psychological adaptation

c) social adaptation

d) biological adaptation

3. The adaptation of the individual to the conditions of interaction in society is called:

a) physiological adaptation

b) psychological adaptation

c) social adaptation

d) interactive adaptation

4. The mental state of a person caused by objectively insurmountable difficulties that arose in achieving a goal or solving a problem is called:

a) stress

b) frustration

c) neurosis

d) fatigue

5. A condition characterized by a temporary decrease in performance under the influence of prolonged exposure to a load is called:

a) fatigue

c) stress

d) neurosis

6. Suicidal behavior manifests itself in the following forms:

a) external

b) emotional

c) behavioral

d) characterological

7. Stages of development of suicidal behavior do not include:

a) intentions

c) intentions

8. External forms of suicidal behavior do not appear:

a) depressive states

b) alcohol abuse

c) intentional infliction of harm to one's health

d) causing harm to other people

Topic 4. Psychology of professional communication of police officers.

The main content of the topic:

The concept of communication. Unity of communication and activity. Types of communication. Social adaptation and social autonomy. Communicative, interactive, perceptual aspects of communication. Features of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. Communication is the exchange of information. Communication and speech.

Mechanisms and patterns of perception of a person by a person. Communication as interpersonal interaction. Types of psychological influence. Social control and social norms as systems of regulation, interaction and relationships between people. Forms and role expectations in communication processes. Communication is the way people understand each other. Basic rules of productive communication.

Questions to the topic:

1. The concept of "communication" in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies.

When considering this issue, the most important is the analysis of the diversity of definitions of communication and the role of communication in legal practice.

2. Characteristics and content of communication. Mechanisms of influence in the process of communication.

The study of this issue should begin with the peculiarities of the mechanisms of influence in the process of professional communication of police officers.

3. The structure of communication between employees of internal affairs bodies .

The most important in the study of this issue is the psychological feature of each of the parties to the structure of communication.

4. Types of communication between police officers.

When studying this issue, the greatest attention should be paid to the classification of communication and to note distinctive features each type of communication.

5.Psychological components of professional communication of employees of internal affairs bodies.

Consideration of this issue aims to familiarize with the psychological components of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies: tactics, stages, methods of communication.

Main literature

§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Psychology of communication. M., 2002

§ Kazarinova communication. Lecture notes. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.

Additional literature:

§ Weininger O. Gender and character. – M.: Forum, 1991.

§ Dilts R. Tricks of language. Changing beliefs with NLP. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Kasatkin S. Master of communication. Tips from a practicing psychologist St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002

§ Psychology of influence St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001

§ Piz A. Body language. - Nizhny Novgorod: IQ Publishing House, 1992.

§ Ray L. Development of effective communication skills St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002

§ Ryukle H. Your secret weapon in communication. Facial expression, gesture, movement: Abbr. per. with him. - M.: JSC "Interexpert", 1996.

§ Collection of normative legal acts and documents regulating the activities of psychologists of bodies and departments of internal affairs. - M .: GUK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2001.

§ Tikhonov special personality traits in the process of professional training of employees, 2000

§ Tomilova - psychological conditions for the professional development of young police officers. M., 2000

§ Thomson P. Communication Tutorial. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Filatov psychology. Lecture notes. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House, 2000.

§ Cialdini R. Psychology of influence. - St. Petersburg, 2002.

§ Cialdini R. Social psychology. Understand others to understand yourself St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002

§ Sheinov V.P. Psychology of influence: hidden control, manipulation and protection from them. - M., 2002

§ Eric Bern. Games People Play. People who play games. - St. Petersburg, 2002. Wilson G., McClaffin K. Sign language - the path to success. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

Tasks for self-test:

1. Speech is:

a) mental phenomenon

b) reflection process

c) exchange of information between people

d) mental activity

2. Speech does not happen:

a) internal

b) external

c) active

d) egocentric

3. Interest in another person can be non-verbally expressed:

a) hands placed on hips

c) stare

d) lightly touching it with hands

4. The main styles of communication are not:

a) ritual communication

b) social communication

c) manipulative communication

d) humanistic communication.

5. A feature of professional communication of employees is

a) extraordinary breadth and diversity of communication

b) planned and well-organized communication

c) forced nature,

d) high degree of conflict

Topic 5. Socio-psychological characteristics of the subdivision of police officers.

The main content of the topic:

The concept of a group in social psychology. Group classification. Small group structure. Position, status, internal setting and role. Composition and moral value orientations. psychological compatibility. Social norms and their functions. Formation of a small group as a team. Critical periods in the development of the team, their significance and ways to overcome them. The concept of excess activity. Leadership and group leadership. Personal characteristics of a leader. Leadership styles: authoritarian, democratic and liberal.

Interpersonal relations in groups and collectives. official and informal relationships. Relationships of leadership, leadership and subordination. Business and personal, rational and emotional relationships. Collectivist relations, their characteristics. Approaches to the study of relationships in a group: static and dynamic. The nature of the relationship depending on the level of development of the group. Interpersonal conflicts in the group and their classification. Sociometry and a static picture of intra-group relationships (J. Moreno).

Mass socio-psychological phenomena. Crowd, psychological mechanisms of its formation. Psychological methods of managing people in various types of crowds (panic, a crowd of rampant fans at the stadium, unauthorized rallies, mass civil unrest) used by employees of the internal affairs bodies.

Accounting in social psychology of sexual, ethnic and age phenomena.

Group factors in the origin and development of antisocial behavior. Psychological characteristics of criminal groups. primitive group. The structure of the primitive group.

The concept of the crowd. Types of crowd: casual, conventional, aggressive, acting. Socio-psychological conditions for the emergence and development of the crowd. Socio-psychological structure of the crowd. The role of the leader in the crowd. Rumors and their varieties. The role of rumors in the crowd. Panic. Types of panic Actions of employees of internal affairs bodies to prevent panic. Psychological features of the actions of employees to prevent and suppress associative forms of non-collective behavior.

Questions to the topic:

1. Selection criteria social groups. Typology of social groups.

In this issue, the most in-depth attention should be paid to the criteria for identifying groups and the psychological characteristics of each of the social groups.

2. Primitive group. Structure, rules.

When considering this issue, consideration of the psychological characteristics of the primitive group becomes relevant.

3. Subjects of non-collective behavior.

Consideration of the features of subjects of non-collective behavior becomes relevant in the field of activity of police officers, on this basis, it is advisable to dwell on the psychological patterns of interaction with subjects of non-collective behavior.

4. Types of the crowd and their features.

When considering this issue, it is necessary to consider in detail the types of the crowd and the stages of development of relationships in the crowd.

5. Aggressive crowd as a subject of non-collective behavior.

In studying this issue, the greatest attention should be paid to the actions and preventive measures to prevent aggressive behavior.

Main literature

§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.

§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001

§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.

§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.

additional literature

§ Andreeva psychology. M., 1994.

§ Anikeeva climate in the team. - M., 1989. (The concept of the psychological climate in the team: 3-16. The effectiveness of group activities: 87-120).

§ Bodalev and understanding of man by man. M., 1982. From 5-

§ , Dubrovskaya small group. M., 1991.

§ Nemov. M., 1994. S. 431-433.

§ Psychology of emotions: Texts. Empathy. From 87.

§ Rubinstein and ways of development of psychology. M, 1960. P. 180-181.

Tasks for self-test:

1. Groups do not differ according to the criterion of organization

a) formal

b) informal

c) semi-formal

d) relatively formal

2. Groups are not distinguished by the criterion of existence time

a) short-term

b) permanent

c) episodic

d) temporary

3. Group,in which the individual is forced to be at the present moment

a) stay group

b) presence group

c) finding group

d) pastime group

4. A spontaneously emerging formation based on the basest motives of its members is

a) primitive hostel

c) primitive group

d) team

5. Does it correspond to the structure of "primitive" groups?

a) flexible hierarchical structure

b) rigid hierarchical structure

c) no hierarchical structure

d) indefinite hierarchical structure

Topic 6. Characteristics, prevention and resolution of conflicts in the activities of law enforcement officers.

The main content of the topic:

Conflicts in communication. Essence, structure and classification of conflicts. Conflict situation. Incident. Types of conflicts. constructive conflict. destructive conflict. intrapersonal conflict. Functions of conflicts: signal, diagnostic, restorative, regulatory. The reasons contributing to the emergence of conflicts and an unfavorable socio-psychological climate in the teams of employees of internal affairs bodies: objective, subjective, objective-subjective. Ways to prevent and resolve conflicts in the activities of police officers.

Questions to the topic:

1. Essence, structure and classification of conflicts.

When considering this issue, it is necessary to consider in more detail the classification of conflicts depending on the classification criteria.

2. Prevention and resolution of conflicts.

The main focus of attention in the study of this issue should be directed to ways and means of preventing or optimally resolving conflicts.

3. The nature of conflicts in the police department.

Considering this issue, it is necessary to find out the nature, causes and characteristics of conflicts in the internal affairs bodies.

Main literature

§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.

§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001

§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.

§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.

additional literature

§ Avdeev KV. Psychotechnology for solving problem situations. - M, 1992.

§ Ageev B. C. Intergroup interaction: socio-psychological problems. - M., 1990.

§ Andreev: the art of arguing, negotiating, conflict resolution. - Kazan, 1992.

§ , Shipilov. - M., 2001.

§ Babosov EM. Conflictology. - Minsk, 2000.

§, Zimina: the science of harmony. - Yekaterinburg, 1995.

§ Bern Eric. Games People Play. People who play games. - St. Petersburg, 1992.

§, Koryak, conflict! - Novosibirsk, 1989.

§ Braim business communication. - Minsk, 1996.

§ , Zakharov DK. Conflictology - M., 2000.

§ Grishina conflict. - SPb., 2000.

Tasks for self-test:

1. Stages of conflict development do not include:

a) conflict relations

b) contradictions

c) incident

2. Conflicts are:

a) international

b) interethnic

c) interpersonal

d) interintellectual

3. Strategies for behavior in conflicts are:

a) avoidance

b) cooperation

d) compromise

Topic 7. Psychological foundations of legal activity.

The main content of the topic:

The subject of legal psychology, its place in the system psychological science. The main ways and directions of development of legal psychology.

Object, subject, tasks and methods of criminal psychology. The psychological meaning of the terms "crime" and "crime".

Psychology of operational-search activity. Tactics and methods of establishing and developing psychological contacts in the ORD. Psychological bases for assessing the personality of a person of interest in the operational-search activities of law enforcement agencies.

Questions to the topic:

1. The subject of legal psychology and its significance in legal activity.

When studying this issue, to reveal the psychological features of legal activity, consider the subject of legal psychology.

2. Psychology of operational-search activity: goals and objectives.

Considering this issue, the main emphasis should be placed on the tasks of operational-search psychology.

3. Object, subject, tasks and methods of criminal psychology.

When considering this issue, it is necessary to pay attention to the specific methods used in the framework of criminal psychology.

Main literature

1. Andreev ensuring the operational activities of employees: GUK MVD, 2004

2. Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

3. Yanaev psychology. M.: Shield-M, 2003

4. Enikeev psychology. M.: Norma, 2000

5., Skrypnikov ensuring the operational activities of employees: IMC of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2001

6., Prozorov in the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies. - M., 2006.

7., Fundamentals of psychology for law enforcement officers. - M., 2005.

8. Marinovskaya and pedagogy in law enforcement. M.: Shield-M, 2003

9., Tsvetkov and pedagogy in law enforcement M .: Shield-M, 2000

11. Romanov psychology M.: Yurist, 2000

12., Romanov psychology (reader) M .: Jurist, 2000

13. Chufarovsky operational-search activity M.: Prospekt, 2003

Topic 8. Psychological characteristics of the main investigative actions.

The main content of the topic:

The concept of forensic psychology. The main tasks, goals and methods of forensic psychology. Psychological features of certain types of legal proceedings and various participants in the trial.

Psychology of inspection of the scene. Traces and results of criminal activity as semantic indicators of the criminal's behavior at the scene. Psychological techniques that increase the effectiveness and quality of the investigative examination.

Search psychology. Psychological features of the search activity of the employee during the search. Psychological techniques for enhancing the mental activity of an internal affairs officer and neutralizing the impact of negative factors on his psyche during a search.

Psychology of interrogation. The concept of psychological contact during interrogation. Psychological features of the interrogation of the victim. Techniques for neutralizing the aggressive behavior of interrogated persons. Psychology of interrogation at a confrontation.

Forensic psychological examination. Grounds, reasons for the appointment of a forensic psychological examination. Competence of the SPE. Evaluation and use of the conclusion of the PEA by the investigator, the court and the defense.

Questions to the topic:

1. Subject, tasks and goals of forensic psychology.

When studying this issue, it is advisable for students to consider in detail the tasks and goals of forensic psychology and compare them with the tasks of other areas of legal psychology.

2. Psychology of search and seizure.

When considering this issue, the trainees should especially note the psychological features of the search and seizure.

3. Psychology of inspection of the scene.

When studying this issue, the main direction should be the consideration of psychological patterns that must be taken into account when conducting an investigative examination.

4. Psychology of interrogation.

An important circumstance in considering this issue is the psychological content of the activities of the investigator during the interrogation.

5. Subject, grounds and reasons for the appointment of a forensic psychological examination.

Studying this issue, students should learn the basic requirements for the grounds for the appointment of a forensic psychological examination.

Main literature

§ Andreev ensuring the operational activities of employees: GUK MVD, 2004

§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§, Yanaev psychology. M.: Shield-M, 2003

§ Enikeev psychology. M.: Norma, 2000

§ , Skrypnikov ensuring the operational activities of employees: IMC of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2001

additional literature

§ , Kitaeva psychological research in the criminal process. Irkutsk, 2002

§ , Prozorov in the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies. - M., 2006.

§, Fundamentals of psychology for law enforcement officers. - M., 2005.

§ Marinovskaya and pedagogy in law enforcement. M.: Shield-M, 2003

§, Tsvetkov and pedagogy in law enforcement M .: Shield-M, 2000

§ Romanov psychology M.: Yurist, 2000

§, Romanov psychology (reader) M .: Jurist, 2000

§ Samoukina psychology M.: Tandem, 2000

§ Chufarovsky operational-search activity M .: Prospekt, 2003

Topic 9. Psychological characteristics of the personality of the offender and criminal behavior.

The main content of the topic:

The concept of a criminal environment. Qualifications of criminals from the point of view of psychology. Socio-psychological mechanisms of criminal society. Criminal subculture (psychological analysis of current trends).

Structural-psychological analysis of criminal action. Interaction of objective and subjective factors. The concept of the motivational sphere of crime. The ratio of motive, purpose and result in intentional and reckless crimes.

The study of the personality of a criminal in criminal psychology (, etc.) The ratio of biological and social in a criminal personality. Psychological and criminological typologies of the personality of a criminal and certain categories of criminals.

Questions to the topic:

1. Psychology of the offender's personality.

2. Factors in the formation of the offender's personality.

3. Motivation of criminal behavior

Main literature

§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.

§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001

§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.

§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.

§ Chufarovskiy psychology. - M., 1995.

§ , Eminov criminal and investigation of crimes. - M.: Jurist, 1996.

§ Baron R., Richardson D. Aggression. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997.

§, Strizhov and pedagogy in the law enforcement activities of police officers. - M., 1997.

§ Psychology. Pedagogy. Ethics: Textbook for universities // Pod. ed. . – M.: Law and law. Unity, 1999.

§ Cialdini R. Psychology of influence. - St. Petersburg: Peter Kom, 1999.

Topic 10. Psychology of the criminal environment and criminal communities.

The main content of the topic:

Criminal group from the point of view of modern psychology. Psychological features of the formation and functioning of criminal groups. Psychological and forensic types of criminal groups and their structure (according to). Random criminal groups. Company type groups. Organized crime groups. Close-knit organized groups. Criminal communities, as well as various kinds of associations of organized criminal groups. Structural (complex) organized group. Organized crime group. Bandit formation. Criminal organization (community). Mafia. Cooperation of professional criminal leaders ("thieves in law"). Three categories of gangs: "classic gang", "specialized gang" and "reserves".

Psychological and forensic types of hooligan groups and their structure. Psychological analysis motives for bullying. Psychology of disclosure and investigation of crimes committed by hooligan groups.

Leadership in criminal groups and organizations. Typology of leaders. Conflicts in criminal groups. Psychological features of the disclosure and investigation of crimes committed by a criminal group. Tactical and psychological methods of aggravating or creating a conflict between accomplices in the process of investigating a group crime.

Questions to the topic:

1. General characteristics and types of criminal groups.

Studying this issue, students should form an idea about the features of the characteristics of criminal groups.

2. Criminal groups of minors.

When considering this issue, the main emphasis should be directed to the psychological features of the creation and functioning of criminal groups of minors.

3. Criminal subculture.

When studying this issue, students need to conduct a comparative analysis of the concepts of "criminal environment" and "criminal subculture".

4. Psychology of criminal groups and organizations.

When mastering the material of this issue, it is necessary to consider in detail the psychological characteristics of criminal groups of different directions, age and gender characteristics.

Main literature

§ Gurov crime: past and present. - M.: Legal literature, 1990.

§ Jewell L. Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Textbook for High Schools. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001.

§ Zhilin of the organization and tactics of combating the operational apparatus of the police with criminal groups: a study guide. - YuI Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1995.

§ Applied Legal Psychology: Textbook for High Schools / Ed. . - M .: Unity - Dana, 2001.

The activities of police officers in the preparation, execution, production of official documents are called documentation.

Considering the importance of documents in the management (intraorganizational) activities of the Department of Internal Affairs, we can say that they are a form of implementation of all control process functions. For example, planning is externally expressed in the work plan of the body for the unit. The implementation of such a function of the management process as control usually ends with the preparation of an act and a certificate of verification, a report on the work performed, etc. Meanwhile, considering the document as a form of implementation of the functions of the management process does not mean that in all cases the implementation of each function should be accompanied by the preparation of documents. The document is only one of the forms of implementation of management activities. Properly organized management should be limited necessary minimum documents.

Documents drawn up in the Department of Internal Affairs, being one of the means of communication between the Department of Internal Affairs among themselves, with other bodies, organizations and citizens, also perform communicative function. So, through official letters, police officers request from other bodies and organizations the necessary information, send them proposals to eliminate the conditions conducive to the commission of offenses, inform citizens about the decisions taken on their applications, etc.

The legal significance of the documents drawn up in the Department of Internal Affairs is that they are a means of official identification and legal evidence of actions, events, states having legal significance. For example, a protocol on an administrative offense drawn up by a police officer records evidence of evidentiary value about the circumstances of the misconduct, about the identity of the offender. A permit issued to a citizen to acquire a weapon is an official certificate of the person's having the appropriate right. A certificate of the results of the inspection of the work of the internal affairs department, a unit or its individual employee serves as an official certificate of the state of work.

Classification of office documents

Depending on which of the areas of activity of the Department of Internal Affairs, documents are created, which are divided into the following types:

• managerial (organizational and administrative);
• operational-search;
• criminal procedure;
• administrative procedural.

Management (organizational and administrative) documents are created in the process of internal organizational activities of the Department of Internal Affairs. Depending on the purpose, they, in turn, are divided into administrative, reporting and general documents.

Administrative documents- written legal acts of management (orders, instructions, directions, plans, etc.).

Reporting documents contain information about the implementation of tasks, instructions, planned activities (work report, report or memorandum, certificate, etc.). A group of documents of a general nature includes a variety of documents on various issues of the activities of the body, unit (act, protocol, official letter, telegram, and others).

Operational-search documents reflect the operational-search activities of the Department of Internal Affairs. The procedure for issuing such documents and the rules for working with them are established by departmental regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Criminal procedure reflect the actions carried out in the investigation of criminal cases (protocols of investigative actions, resolutions, etc.). The requirements for their content and design are determined by the criminal procedural legislation.

Administrative procedural documents(protocols on administrative offenses, resolutions on cases of APN, acts of examination of objects of the permit system, etc.) reflect the administrative activities of the Department of Internal Affairs to protect public order and ensure public safety. The requirements for the content and details of a significant part of them are determined by the administrative procedural legislation, as well as departmental regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Depending on the place of origin and direction of movement all documents are divided into: outgoing, incoming and internal.

Outgoing - these are documents sent by the Department of Internal Affairs to other bodies, organizations and citizens.

Incoming - these are documents received by the police department from other bodies (organizations, institutions) or from citizens.

Internal - documents created in the Department of Internal Affairs and not to be sent.

By the number of issues reflected in the documents differentiate between simple and complex.

Simple - a document drawn up on one issue.

A complex document that contains information on two or more issues.

On the participation of interested parties in the preparation and signing of documents Distinguish: unilateral and bilateral (multilateral). Unilateral documents are drawn up on behalf of one person (one side of the body or official). A report, a certificate, a decision to initiate a criminal case, to impose an administrative penalty, an order to appoint an employee to a position and most other documents drawn up in the internal affairs bodies are one-sided.

Depending on the degree of secrecy of the information contained in the document documents are divided into: documents of special importance, top secret, for official use and non-secret (public documents). The procedure for working with documents containing information subject to classification (of special importance, top secret, secret) and not subject to open publication (for official use) is determined by special regulations.

In addition to those mentioned, there are other approaches to the classification of documents: according to the terms of storage, according to the technique of applying information (handwritten and typewritten, photographic documents), and others.

1) an official document is a document created by an organization or an official and executed in the prescribed manner;

2) the original of an official document is the first or only copy of an official document;

3) a genuine document is a document, information about the time and place of creation of which and about its author, contained in the document itself or revealed in any way correspond to reality;

4) a copy of a document is a document that reproduces the information of another document and all its external features or parts of them.

There are the following types of copies;

• a facsimile copy is a copy of a document that reflects all the features of the original without exception (photocopy, photocopy);
• free copy - contains all the information of the original document, but without graphic correspondence to the latter. A free copy reproduces only the content of the original, but not its form;
• an extract is a copy containing a complete reproduction of a part of a document and certified in the prescribed manner (for example, an extract from the minutes of an operational meeting);
• a duplicate is a copy created to replace a lost or damaged original and having the legal force of the original. The content and form of the duplicate does not differ from the original document. On such copies, a mark is made - a duplicate;
• vacation - an outdated, although still used term to refer to copies of an outgoing document, which is obtained simultaneously with the manufacture of the original (for carbon paper). The leave contains all the details of the original, with the exception of those included in the form on which the document is executed - the original.

General rules for drafting documents

Registration of documents in the internal affairs bodies must be carried out in compliance with the following rules:

1) Ensuring the legal force of the document. The document should not contradict the legislative and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Their observance ensures the legal force of the document, that is, the indisputability, authority, reliability of the requirements contained in the document based on the law, and, consequently, the binding nature of the document for a certain category of persons. A document issued by an authorized subject and adopted within its competence has legal force. Thus, a decision to impose an administrative penalty, issued taking into account the circumstances of the offense, in compliance with the form established by law, has legal force, provided that it comes from an official who has the appropriate administrative and jurisdictional authority to issue such documents. In addition, the legal force of the document is ensured by compliance with the established procedure for its preparation, adoption and approval. For example, an act on the destruction of some documentation of the Department of Internal Affairs must be prepared by a specially appointed expert commission, signed by its members, the head of the Department of Internal Affairs and approved by the head of a higher authority.

Failure to comply with these rules leads to the recognition of such a document as invalid. In addition to the rules, the observance of which ensures the legal force of documents, the group under consideration should include the rules that ensure their legal culture. They concern the correct, from a legal point of view, the use of various terms in documents. When drafting documents, such purely legal terms as “delivery”, “detention”, “arrest”, “search”, “inspection”, and others are not always correctly used. Each of these terms means an administrative procedural or criminal procedural action strictly defined by law. The use of these terms should correspond to the legal nature of precisely those procedural actions that are recorded in the documents.

The requirements of the legal culture of documents suggest that in their preparation, in some cases, it is necessary to refer to the normative act in accordance with which they are drawn up. The implementation of this rule not only reflects the level of legal culture of the document, but also ensures at the stage of its preparation the verification of the compliance of the document being drawn up with the law, and at the stage of execution of the document it forms the contractor's more responsible attitude towards the implementation of the proposals contained in it.

2) Rules of information culture of documents suggests that the document should be extremely concise and informative, that is, with a minimum of text, the document should contain maximum information.

The document must be presented in a clear, convincing, understandable way for the addressee - the language of the official business style. This style is characterized by a direct word order in a sentence. The subject should be closer to the beginning of the sentence, the predicate as close as possible to the subject. It is not recommended to build phrases using a large number of complex sentences. Long and complex sentences are replaced by several simple ones. This style is characterized by the replacement of pronouns by nouns. The use of metaphors, epithets, terms and expressions in documents that allow ambiguous interpretation of information is not allowed by the documentary business style. So, business style is characterized by a very wide use of verbal nouns, for example, clarification, detention, competition, and others. However, their excessive use with other verbs only clutters up written speech, lengthens sentences, making documents cumbersome and little informational. For example, you should not write: “detain”, “implement”, “make a request”, if you can write “detain”, “implement”, “ask”.

In the process of many years of management practice of the Department of Internal Affairs, stable verbal turns are formed that are used to describe certain events and actions. Therefore, some verbal expressions currently used in the Department of Internal Affairs contain archaisms and clericalisms, which should be excluded from the use of business speech. These include obsolete words and phrases (confidential, without delay, it is necessary, I inform).

3) Requirements for the efficiency of production, execution and processing of documents. When compiling documents, it should be borne in mind that after they are produced, they are usually registered, sent, processed at the place of their receipt and go through other stages of the workflow. The time it takes to go through these stages, the effort spent on the production and processing of documents largely depend on the observance of certain rules by the compilers of the documents.

They must take into account that many employees (typist, secretary and others) will work with the documents they have compiled. Moreover, each of them requires different information contained in the document. So, the secretary of the Department of Internal Affairs, who sends the document, needs information about where the document is addressed, what it is about, who is its executor.

It is important for the secretary of the body that received the document to know what document was received, its summary to correctly determine the direction of its further movement. The head of the internal affairs department needs to know the name and nature of the issues covered in the document, from whom it came, and only the direct executor needs all the information contained in the document. Each document contains operational statistical information. Operative information reflects the content of the document and is placed in its textual part. It is addressed, first of all, to a specific official, the executor of the document. Statistical information is information about the name of the document, the addressee, the place and time of its compilation, and other information addressed mainly to employees of clerical units. This information is contained in the details of the document. In addition to the requirements listed above, the documents drawn up in the Department of Internal Affairs must comply with the requirements of regulatory legal acts and not contain blots and corrections.

4. Possibility of processing by means of computer technology. Documentation of information in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation is carried out using technical means, including computer technology.

Separate documents of internal circulation are allowed to be written by hand (report, statement, explanation).

When preparing documents, it is recommended to use the text editor Microsoft Word version 2003 and higher or another compatible with it, using Times New Roman (Times New Roman Cyr) fonts 13-15 in size with 1 - 1.5 line spacing. The font in the document must be uniform in size. To highlight a part of the text of the document, its name can be used in bold, italic, underline or offset relative to the boundaries of the main text.

Thus, when preparing documents, it is necessary to be guided by the following basic requirements:

• the document should not contradict the legislative and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, be drawn up taking into account
• the document must be written in a formal business style.
• the presentation of the content of the document should be logical, concise and precise, excluding ambiguous interpretation.
• the terms used must comply with the terminology used in the legislative and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and be used in the same meaning.
• the document should be based on facts and contain specific and realistic proposals or indications.
• the document should not duplicate the provisions of previously issued regulatory legal acts.
• the document must be drawn up in accordance with existing state standards and the requirements of this Instruction, have an established set of mandatory details in compliance with the order of their location.
• The document should not contain blots and corrections.

Details of official documents

Document details- a generalized name for the elements of document design, made by printing methods or on character printing devices; handwritten notes, signatures, seals and stamps, etc., giving the document legal significance.

In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation No. 615 dated 06/20/2012 "On approval of the Instructions for office work in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation" and GOST R 6.30-2003, the following details are used in the preparation and execution of documents in the internal affairs bodies:

01 - State Emblem of the Russian Federation;

02 - emblem of the subject of the Russian Federation (GOST R 6.30-2003);

03 - heraldic sign - the emblem of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation;

04 - organization code;

05 - the main state registration number (OGRN) of a legal entity;

06 - taxpayer identification number / registration reason code (TIN / KPP);

07 - document form code;

08 - name of the organization (ATS);

09 - reference data about the organization (about the ATS);

10 - document type;

11 - document date;

12 - registration number of the document;

14 - place of compilation or publication of the document;

15 - addressee;

16 - document approval stamp;

17 - instructions for the execution of the document;

18 - title or annotation to the document;

19 - control mark;

20 - document text;

21 - a mark on the presence of the application;

22 - signature;

23 - document approval stamp;

24 - document approval visas;

25 - print imprint;

26 - a mark on the certification of a copy;

27 - mark about the performer;

28 - a mark on the execution of the document and sending it to the case;

29 - a mark on the receipt of the document by the organization;

30 - identifier of the electronic copy of the document.

31 - stamp of restriction of access to the document.

Consideration of citizens' appeals

Citizen's appeal- a proposal, statement or complaint sent to a subdivision of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in writing or in the form of an electronic document, as well as an oral appeal from a citizen.

Appeals of citizens to the internal affairs bodies can be classified as follows:

• proposal - a recommendation of a citizen on the improvement of laws and other regulatory legal acts, the activities of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and the development of public relations.
• application - a citizen's request for assistance in the exercise of his constitutional rights and freedoms or the constitutional rights and freedoms of other persons, or a message about a violation of laws and other regulatory legal acts, shortcomings in the work of state bodies, bodies local government And officials, or criticism of the activities of these bodies and officials.
• complaint - a request of a citizen to restore or protect his violated rights, freedoms or legitimate interests or the rights, freedoms or legitimate interests of other persons.

B) in the form of appeal:

• written;
• oral;
• appeals in the form of electronic messages.

IN) according to the features of consideration of the appeal are divided into:

• collective appeal - a joint appeal of two or more citizens on a common issue for them, including appeals of members of the same family, appeals on behalf of labor collectives, appeals accepted at a public event and signed by the participants in the event or a person authorized by them;
• similar appeal - the second (and subsequent) appeal on the same issue, provided that the period for consideration of the first appeal has not expired, including a copy or duplicate received from another government agency or local government;
• anonymous appeals, that is, written appeals or Internet appeals that do not indicate the name of the author and the postal address to which the response should be sent;
• appeals that are incorrect in content, presentation and form - that is, which contain obscene or offensive expressions that are devoid of logic and meaning, unclear and incomprehensible content, as well as an appeal whose text is unreadable or written on scraps of paper, posters and other subjects;
• repeated appeal - an appeal received from the same person on the same issue, if the period for consideration established by law has expired since the time the first appeal was filed or the citizen does not agree with the decision made on his appeal. Repeated appeals of the same citizen on different issues are not considered.
• repeated - an appeal of a citizen containing a question to which he was given at least two written reasoned answers to previously sent appeals, provided that the said appeal and the previously sent appeals were sent to the same internal affairs body or to the same official ;
• typical - appeal of the same content, received from different citizens.

The written request must contain:

• the name of the internal affairs body to which the appeal is sent, or the last name, first name, patronymic (the last one, if any) of the official of the internal affairs body, or his position;
• surname, name, patronymic (the last - if any) of a citizen;
• mailing address for sending a response or notification of redirection of the appeal.
• personal signature and date.

An online application must contain:

• surname, name, patronymic (the last - if any) of the citizen.
• e-mail address, if the response or notification is to be sent in the form of an electronic document, or postal address, if the response or notification is to be sent in writing.

A citizen has the right to attach the necessary documents and materials or their copies in electronic form to a written and Internet application, or send the specified documents and materials or their copies in writing.

In a written appeal and an online appeal, the essence of the appeal, request, reasons for disagreeing with the appealed decision, the circumstances on the basis of which the citizen believes that his rights, freedoms and legitimate interests have been violated, obstacles have been created in their implementation, or any duty has been unlawfully imposed , as well as other information relevant to the consideration of the appeal.

The absence of the specified information, with the exception of the absence in a written appeal, as well as in an Internet appeal of the name of a citizen or a postal or electronic address for sending a response, is not a basis for leaving the appeal unanswered. In the absence of a citizen's surname, postal or e-mail address in the appeal, it is recognized as anonymous.

Algorithm for organizing work on consideration of appeals in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia includes the following stages:

• receiving and initial processing of appeals;
• registration and registration of appeals;
• adoption of organizational decisions on the procedure for considering applications;
• consideration of appeals on the merits and adoption of decisions on them;
• preparing and sending responses to appeals;
• storage of appeals and materials for their consideration;
• personal reception of citizens;
• analysis of consideration of appeals;
• control over the consideration of applications.

Separate organizational and administrative documents of the Department of Internal Affairs

Order- the most common legal act issued by the head of the internal affairs body, acting on the principle of unity of command, in order to resolve the main and operational tasks facing the body.

Orders are issued on administrative, economic and other managerial issues.

They are usually drawn up on a form.

• orders for core business;
• personnel orders.

The text of the order for the main activity consists of two parts:

• stating, which sets out the goals and objectives of the management actions prescribed by the order, an explanation of the need to issue an order or data on the document (author, number, date and title), the execution of which is organized by the issuance of the order.
• managerial. It starts with the word: "I ORDER" (printed in capital letters from a new line). This part can be divided into paragraphs, which are numbered with Arabic numerals, they must indicate the performers. A separate item stipulates control over the execution of the order.

Orders- an administrative document issued by the head of the collegiate for the sole decision of operational issues. The procedure for compiling is the same as for orders.

Solution- an administrative document issued by bodies acting on the basis of collegial management principles.

Protocol- a document that records the course of discussion of issues and collegial decision-making at operational meetings, collegiums held in the Department of Internal Affairs. The protocol occupies a special place in the system of organizational and administrative documents. On the one hand, this is an informational document, since it contains information on the course of discussion of any management issues, and on the other hand, it is an administrative document, since it contains an operative part and can be considered as an administrative document.

Explanatory note or explanation- a document in which employees in any form, in printed or handwritten way, explain the reasons for any action, fact, event, including violations of service (labor) discipline, failure to fulfill instructions, and the like. The compiler signs the explanatory note.

IN memos operational reference and management information related to the execution of the powers of specific structural units and officials, addressed to the leadership of the internal affairs body or the head (head) of the structural unit - the head executor of the order, is presented in an arbitrary form.

IN memorandums in an arbitrary form, a detailed presentation of information about events, facts, current situations with the conclusions and proposals of the compiler is given in order to inform the leadership of the internal affairs body, its structural unit about issues requiring management decisions.

IN analytical notes on the basis of official statistics and other information and reference documentation, a detailed presentation of the results of the analysis of the existing problem and its development trends is given, conclusions arising from the analysis and revealing the causes of its occurrence, as well as proposals for taking appropriate measures to resolve it.

Service, memorandum and analytical notes are drawn up on standard sheets of A4 paper and addressed to a specific official.

Reference- the result of the analytical activities of the Department of Internal Affairs on the results of the implementation of operational activities, in addition, certificates at the request of citizens.

The certificate may have a heading to the text, for example, “On the status of the work of the Department of Internal Affairs in considering applications, complaints and proposals of citizens”, the requisite “text”, the requisite “signature”. In necessary cases, the details "address" and "seal" can be entered. Certificates can be signed by the head and the compiler, if it is drawn up at the direction of a higher authority.

In addition to the above documents, police officers draw up and use reports, orders, instructions, telegrams, teletype messages and other documents that, in form and content, must meet the requirements established by GOST and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

Psychological characteristics of the conditions of activity of an internal affairs officer.

Another branch of legal psychology is psychology of professional activity of an internal affairs officer. This branch of psychology studies psychological patterns, features of professional activity and professionally important qualities of police officers in order to improve performance efficiency. Therefore, the main purpose of this lecture is to clarify the issues of improving the efficiency of service and professional activities of employees.

According to the classification of the well-known domestic psychologist in the field of psychology of professional work, E.A. Klimov, the employee’s profession belongs to professions of the “person-to-person” type, therefore the object and subject of research in the psychology of professional activity is of a personal nature.

object research in this industry is traditionally a person, a delinquent, a criminal, a citizen, a police officer.

As components subject research can be distinguished:

psychological aspects of the employee's performance of official duties;

the personality of the employee and his professionally significant qualities;

professional suitability and professional reliability of police officers;

psychological aspects of the selection and placement of personnel;

professional deformation of police officers;

professional skills and self-improvement of police officers, etc.;

As modern tasks facing the psychology of professional activity of police officers, we single out:

1. Identification of the relationship between the personal properties of the employee and the requirements that the profession makes of it, society as a whole. This is relevant in connection with solving the problems of increasing the authority of the police in our society. Moreover, every respected specialist at various stages of his development thinks about how he meets the requirements set for him by the management and the population, what needs to be done to improve his skills, etc.

2) Finding out the causes of the appearance, as well as the prevention and overcoming of professional deformation.

3) Psychologically competent implementation of the processes of professional training and professional excellence in order to increase the efficiency of the performance of official activities by an internal affairs officer, especially in extreme conditions.

Let's start studying this industry with questions about the components of the professional activities of police officers. In topic number 7 "Psychological foundations of the investigation of crimes" we have already considered the concept of a professiogram.

Recall that under professiogram in psychology understand a scientifically substantiated and practically confirmed list of interrelated activities, as well as professionally significant qualities that affect the success of each type of activity and, in general, professional activity.

The use of psychological knowledge to analyze the professional activities of a lawyer allowed a number of domestic researchers, in particular, A.V. Dulov, V.L. Vasilyev, Yu.F. .

Professional legal activity is complex and multifaceted, the ultimate goal of which is to establish the truth. V.L.Vasiliev identifies the following aspects as the fundamental activities of a lawyer, to which the profession of an investigator is reduced: cognitive, reconstructive, social, communicative, organizational, certifying .

These aspects of activity are aimed at solving the tasks facing employees. These tasks of police officers are formulated in the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Police" (Article 9 and Article 10) of April 18, 1991, as well as other regulatory documents: 1) security personality, public safety; 2) about custody of property, public order; 3) in detection, prevention and suppression crimes and administrative offenses; 4) p concealment of crimes in cases where preliminary investigation is not mandatory; 5) p search certain categories of persons. Given the specifics of the activities of police officers, we combine these types of activities into following form:

1) search, reconstructive, certification - cognitive-prognostic. The district police officer, traffic police officer, officer receives information, for example, about persons living on the territory who have previously been convicted, about offenders and the circumstances of an accident, etc. The forecast for the development of further events depends on the objectivity and completeness of such information (behavior of victims, criminals, emergency situation on road, etc.), and hence the success of the performance of duties related to the investigation of a crime, traffic regulation, clarification of the causes of an accident, in general, official activities. At the same time, documents drawn up in the course of carrying out activities as a kind of results of activities and a form of reporting (minutes, reports, memorandums, etc.) simultaneously contribute to the consolidation of legal meaningful information, its systematization, decision-making on the case, etc. Recently, in this regard, attention has been paid to the following qualities: a good ability to speak in writing, which must be literate not only from a legal point of view, but also be distinguished by the observance of the rules of grammar, punctuation, logic, and style. So, for the implementation of this component of the professiogram, the following highly developed qualities are required from the employee: erudition, observation, memory for appearance, people's behavior, numbers; criticality and consistency of thinking, literacy of written speech, etc.;

2) Communicative activity comes down to skillful use of verbal and non-verbal means of communication, understanding of people's behavior and interpretation of this behavior. Each time a police officer deals with different people who are in certain conditions, relationships with the police, etc. Despite the negativism, hostility, unwillingness of citizens to make contacts, employees must show communicative competence, which is manifested in: the ability to establish trusting relationships, resolve conflict situations; tact, ability to overcome communication barriers, etc.

3) organizational and managerial activity is reduced to organizing one's own activities, as well as organizing and managing the behavior, activities of citizens, work colleagues, etc. Police officers often work in stressful and extreme conditions, so they need to be psychologically prepared to solve operational tasks, be able to plan and organize work, associated with risk to life. To carry out the necessary measures at the scene of traffic accidents, draw up protocols for violators of traffic rules and resolve other issues, an employee needs organizational skills and abilities. The employee should have the following strong-willed qualities: initiative, resourcefulness, determination, purposefulness, etc.

4) Social activity covers preventive measures, legal propaganda, participation in the resocialization of those released from places of deprivation of liberty. So, for example, a traffic police inspector of the traffic police, a district police officer should be able to have an educational and preventive effect on various social and age categories of traffic offenders. To carry out a social type of activity, an employee needs: a well-formed sense of justice, professional orientation and interest in work, honesty, compliance with the requirements of the code of professional ethics, etc.

An analysis of the specifics of the activities of the police allows the most general characteristics, some of which coincide with those that we identified from the investigator:

1) the activity of the public security police is kind of public service, and the procedure for its passage by employees is defined in the Regulations on Service in the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Russian Federation;

2) activities of police officers is based on the principles of legality, humanism, respect for human rights and publicity;

3) legal regulation activities of the police in the field of combating crime and protecting public safety, as well as power powers;

4) as a rule, the performance of police functions countered by offenders and their accomplices;

5) police officers use specific means of influence, including coercion, in the process of prevention and suppression of offenses (psychological impact, in the form of warnings, remarks, etc.; the use of special means, physical force and firearms);

6) variety of special situations in which police officers have to act, determines the requirement for their psychological readiness, the ability to quickly enter into the essence of the event and communicative qualities;

7) militia activity takes place in conditions of secrecy and the need to keep it staff official secret.

8) extremeness of activity associated with the presence of various stress factors (increased responsibility, uncertainty of information, lack of time, danger to health, etc.) and mental overload at work;

9) on the activities of employees affect the atmosphere in society, assessments by the population of the degree of its effectiveness and the emerging police authority.

The complexity of the activities of police officers dictates high requirements for the professional preparedness and training of each employee, developing their knowledge, skills, abilities, abilities, forming certain characterological qualities. Therefore, we highlight the psychological features various kinds activities of police officers, as well as the professional qualities necessary for them to carry out this activity.

Preventive activities aims to prevent crime and emergencies. This type of activity is an integral part of the public security police officers. This type of activity is especially typical for the district police officer. This service makes up only 8% of the militia personnel, and specifically 52,000 employees. Despite this, local police officers stop more than 8 million administrative offenses, control the behavior of more than 4 million people who have returned from places of deprivation of liberty or who have been sentenced to non-custodial penalties.

Polls of the population show that about 70% of citizens prefer to apply specifically to the district police inspector. This is due to the territorial proximity and the ability to quickly respond, i.e. prompt resolution of issues related to ensuring law and order.

Thus, we can single out the following main characteristics of the activities of police officers:

Psychological features of the working conditions of police officers:
- legal regulation;
- the presence of power;
- constant confrontation and opposition of interested persons;
- temporary deficit;
- elevated level stress.

The main components of the activities of an internal affairs officer:
- cognitive;
- constructive;
- organizational;
- communicative.