In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/13/2013 No. 406 "On the state regulation of tariffs in the field of water supply and drainage" with a centralized system of hot water supply in closed system A two-component tariff for hot water consisting of " cold water component "(Rub. / M 3) and" component for thermal energy "(RUB / GKAL). High water. Research with the executor of utilities (management company, HOA) for 2 resources: · Cold water - at a rate of" Cold Water Component "; · thermal energy - at the rate on the "component of thermal energy". The component for cold water is calculated by the tariff control authority based on the tariff for cold water. The component of the component on thermal energy is determined by the tariff regulation body in accordance with methodical instructions Based on the following components: · Tariff for thermal energy; · Expenses for the maintenance of centralized hot water systems on a plot from central thermal points (inclusive), on which preparation is carried out hot water, to the point on the border of the operational responsibility of the Subscriber and the regulated organization in the event that such expenses are not taken into account in the tariff for thermal energy; · The cost of thermal energy loss in pipelines on a plot from objects on which hot water is prepared, including from central thermal points, including the content of central thermal points, to a point on the border of the subscriber's operational responsibility and the regulated organization in case such losses are not taken into account when setting tariffs for thermal energy; · Expenses related to hot water transportation. Fulfillors of utilities in accordance with the "Rules for the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment houses and residential buildings "approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354 (hereinafter referred to as rules), calculate the amount of payment for a utility service for hot water supply for the volume of hot water consumed in cubic meters. In accordance with the rules of the board size (P i) for a utility service for hot water supply, indoors equipped with an individual hot water accounting device, is determined by the formula: p i \u003d V in * t to p (1), where: V in is the volume (number) consumed during the estimated period in i-M residential or non-residential room of a communal resource defined according to the indications of an individual accounting device; t to p - Tariff for a communal resource. So as the tariff for a utility "Hot water" is established in the form of two components, the performer of utilities with hot water consumers makes calculation for the components: cold water and thermal energy for the needs of hot water. Number of thermal energy (Gcal / Gkal / m 3) For the needs of hot water, per 1M 3, as a rule, the performer of utility services is determined on the basis of general-purpose (collective) readings of hot water metering devices and heat in hot water. It should be noted that the executor of utilities makes calculations with a resource-supplying organization based on the testimony of the same general (collective) devices for taking hot water and heat energy in hot water. Created amount of heat energy in hot water in I-room (GKAL) is determined by multiplying the amount Hot water according to the individual instrument of accounting (M 3) on the specific consumption of thermal energy in hot water (GKAL / M 3). Hot water concretion, determined by the individual instrument of accounting (M 3), is multiplied by the "Component of Cold Water" tariff (rub .: 3) - This is a fee for cold water in the composition of hot water. The volume of thermal energy in consumed hot water (GKAL) is multiplied by the tariff "component for thermal energy" (rubles / Gcal) - this is a fee for thermal energy as part of hot Water. In accordance with the information letter of the FST of Russia of November 18, 2014 No. SZ-12713/5 "On the issue of regulating hot water tariffs in a closed system of hot water supply on 2015, "says that the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of state regulation of prices (tariffs) it is entitled to make a decision the establishment of hot water tariffs in a closed hot water system per 1 cu. m. At the same time, the calculation of the tariff for hot water (T DHW) is 1 m 3 according to the formula: T GVS \u003d T Hydz * (1 + to PV) + UCP + T t t t / e * q t / e (2), where : T Hyls - tariff for cold (rubles / cubic meters); t t t t / e - tariff for thermal energy (rubles / Gcal); to PV - coefficient, taking into account the loss of water in closed heat supply systems from central heat points to the point Connections; CT-specific costs for the content of hot water supply systems from central thermal points to the boundaries of the balance sheet of consumers (excluding losses) if such expenses are not taken into account in tariffs for heat energy (power), per 1 cu. m; q t / e - the amount of heat required for the preparation of one cubic meter of hot water (Gcal / cubic meter). In this, the amount of heat for the preparation of one cubic meter of hot water (Q T / E) is determined by the calculation by consideration heat capacity, pressure, temperature, water density, thermal energy loss in risers and heated towel rails. In fact, the accrual in the receipt for hot water depends on how the control body is installed for hot water: for two components (cold water and thermal energy ) Or for a cubic meter. In question The dimensions of the charges for 2 components (cold water and thermal energy) are shown, but not indicated municipality and tariffs for components. If we assume that the consumption of hot water was 10 m 3, then the tariff for the "Cold Water component" is 331 rubles. / 10 m 3 \u003d 33.10rub. / M 3. If it is assumed that the tariff for the thermal energy component is 1800 rubles / Gcal, the number of thermal energy consumed is: 1100 rubles. / 1800 rubles. / Gcal \u003d 0.611 Gcal, respectively, to heat 1 m 3 of hot water, thermal energy consumption was 0.611 pcaal / 10 m 3 \u003d 0.0611 Gcal / m 3. Chief Economist GK "Yurenergo" Isaeva T. V.

Supplemented 5 years ago

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By definition, calorie is the amount of heat that is required to heat a single cubic centimeter of water to 1 degree Celsius. Gigaklorine used to measure thermal energy in thermal power and utilities is a billion calories. In 1 meter, 100 centimeters, therefore, in one cubic meter - 100 x 100 x 100 \u003d 1000000 centimeters. Thus, to heat the water cube by 1 degree, a million calorie will be required or 0.001 Gcal.
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The temperature of the hot water flowing from the crane must ...

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Instruction

It is necessary to make a reservation that the thermal energy that is measured in gigacularities, and the volume of water, which is measured in cubic meters, are completely different physical quantities. It is known from the course of high school physics. Therefore, in fact, we are not talking about the transfer of gigacalories to cubic meters, but about finding the correspondence between the amount of heat spent on heating water, and the volume of hot water obtained.

By definition, calorie is the amount of heat that is required for heating one cubic centimeter ...

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How to translate gkal in cube m

How to translate gkal in cube m

When accrued monthly payments for heating and hot water, confusion often arises. For example, if an apartment building is a common heat meter, then the calculation with the heat energy supplier is carried out for consumed gigakloria (GKAL). At the same time, the tariff for hot water for tenants is usually installed in rubles per cubic meter (M3). To deal with payments, it is useful to be able to translate Gkal to cubic meters.

How much gkal in 1 cubic meter hot water.

Having received the final printout of the testimony of the heat meter, the inquisitive person of course begins to analyze it. After all, the desire to save naturally at today's living conditions. The first question that worries tenants - how much Gkal in 1 cubic meter of hot water.

If we are talking about hot water. The question is challier - got paid. Everything is quite simple here. 1 Gcal This is just the amount of heat that is necessary for heating ...

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How to translate gkal in cube m

With the accrual of monthly payments for heating and burning water, confusion appears often. Let's say if there is a general-friendly heat meter in an apartment building, then the calculation with the Contractor of the Heat Energy is carried out for consumed gigaclorai (GKAL). At the same time, the tariff for burning water for tenants is traditionally established in rubles per cubic meter (M3). In order to deal with payments, a beneficial to be able to translate Gcal to the cubic meters.

Instruction

1. It is necessary to make a reservation that the thermal energy that is measured in gigacularities, and the volume of water, the one that is measured in cubic meters is ideally different physical quantities. This is a testimo from the course of high school physics. Incidentally, in fact, we are not talking about the transfer of gigaclores in cubic meters, but about finding the correspondence between the number of heat spent on heating water, and the volume of the obtained burning water.

2. By definition, calorie is the number of heat that is required for heating ...

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How to translate gkal in cube m

When accrued monthly payments for heating and hot water, confusion often arises. For example, if an apartment building is a common heat meter, then the calculation with the heat energy supplier is carried out for consumed gigakloria (GKAL). At the same time, the tariff for hot water for tenants is usually installed in rubles per cubic meter (M3). To deal with payments, it is useful to be able to translate Gkal to cubic meters.

Instruction

It is necessary to make a reservation that the thermal energy that is measured in gigacularities, and the volume of water, which is measured in cubic meters, are completely different physical quantities. It is known from the course of high school physics. Therefore, in fact, we are not talking about the transfer of gigacalories to cubic meters, but about finding the correspondence between the amount of heat spent on heating water, and the volume of hot water obtained.

By definition, calorie is the amount of heat that is required for heating one ...

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length included in the English measures. She is used not only in the UK, but also in the United States and other English-language countries in particular,

Distance when using weapons.

Yard has a certain relationship with other English lengths. Yard is 3 feet or 36 English inch.

History yard

The name of this unit of measurement comes from the ancient Anglo-Saxon words, which was designated a straight branch or rod intended for measuring the length.

Yard as a measure of the length appeared in the century. He was introduced by the English king Edgar (959-975), determining its magnitude very simply - based on the size of his own body. Yard was equal between the tip of the middle finger of the monarch, stretched to the side, and the tip of his nose. On the one hand, it was convenient, but as soon as the throne occupied a new king, the yard should have changed.

The younger son of Wilhelm's conqueror King Heinrich I (1068-1135) decided once and permanently ending with this ...

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You, dear comrades, do not argue, because in any case you will see that I am right. The qualification of the meter as commercial cannot be determined by the contract because the contract is the will and the consent of the two sides, expressed in documentary form, you should know the basis of law. And the qualification of the meter is given by the metrological service in accordance with the state system of ensuring the unity of measurements, the qualification of the meter is established in public interest, in the interests of society to rational use Energy. The interests of the state that initially above the two sides who have concluded the contract cannot be eaten by two parties even in their complete agreement. If the counter is not qualified as a commercial, and the house management will conclude with the supplier the supply of heat energy supply from payment by the counter, then any resident of the house will be able to recognize this state through the court to recognize this state of the contract by unauthorized and to recalculate the payment on the standards. What is such a contract, it is like ...

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Having received the final printout of the testimony of the heat meter, the inquisitive person of course begins to analyze it. After all, the desire to save naturally at today's living conditions. The first question that worries tenants - how much Gkal in 1 cubic meter of hot water. If we are talking about hot water, the question is challier - got paid. Everything is quite simple here. 1 Gcal This is just the amount of heat that is necessary for heating 1000 m3 (correctly 1000 tons) of water by 1 degree. Therefore, 1/1000 \u003d 0.001 or 1 cubic meter of hot water 0.001 Gcal. To this magnitude, when calculating the hot water, more general losses are added.

What is the weight loss can read here, in short - the general losses are caused by the fact that while the water comes to your apartment, it will inevitably cool down a little on the road, but since the thermal networks - the pipes for which water goes belongs to everyone together for these losses and to pay. It is particularly much more expensive hot water in those homes where it circulates for ...

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How to translate gigakalria in cubic meters

Receiving accounts for utilitiesIt is quite difficult to understand in many aspects of calculations and understand: where did this or that figure come from? One of the bright examples of such "conversion difficulties" - payment for the heat supplied. If your house has a single heat meter, the bills will come for used GKAL (gigakloria), but the tariff for hot water is known to be installed for cubic meters. How to deal with the calculation of the cost of heat?

Instruction

Perhaps the greatest difficulty lies just in the technical inability to translate gigakloria into cubic meters or back. These are absolutely different physical quantities: one serves as a measurement of thermal energy, the other volume, and, as the basic course of physics suggests, they are incompatible. The task of the consumer of utilities in the end comes down to calculate the ratio of the amount spent the amount of heat and ...

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Having received the final printout of the testimony of the heat meter, the inquisitive person of course begins to analyze it. After all, the desire to save naturally at today's living conditions. The first question that worries tenants - how much Gkal in 1 cubic meter of hot water. If it comes, the question is challier - got paid. Everything is quite simple here. 1 gkal is just that the amount of heat that is necessary for heating 1000 m3 (correctly 1000 tons) of water for 1 degree. Therefore, 1/1000 \u003d 0.001 or 1 cubic meter of hot water 0.001 Gcal. To this magnitude, when calculating the hot water, more general losses are added.

What is the loss of heat can be read, briefly - general losses are caused by the fact that while the water comes to your apartment, it will inevitably cool down a little on the road, but since the thermal networks - the pipes for which water goes belongs to everyone, everyone for these losses and pay . Especially strongly in those houses where it circulates in order not to cool the bathrooms on heated towel rails. Losses warmly achieved 35%, but in fact they are spent on heating bathrooms and it would be more correct to attribute to heating. But this is unknown, he only believes that through him passed.

For which in the summer of warm, we can only discuss with you, we will not change the slopes, but even more existing pipe wiring. Towel dryers can not be thrown away, otherwise water circulation will stop in all apartments above and below you, and at the same time, in order for the crane to go hot water to have it long merge, lose even more at the cost of water, practically without having won anything on heat - it will go with warm waterwhile reach hot.
We now turn to the cost of 1 cubic meter of hot water for heating. With the amount of heat that carries hot water naturally and here does not change. Only here is the way of comparison or calculations that many do not believe. What is the error when calculating the cost of 1 cubic meter of hot water The heating spent will look at the example.

Analysis of printing and answer to the question - how much gkal in 1 cubic meter of hot water?

Let's try to analyze the eyes of the consumer. As the usual consumer believes: the data from the QO column divides the data from the V1 column, that is, the gkal on the cubic meters as a result, it turns out a certain amount, for example, 0,00209. This data is compared with neighbors - who has cheaper? Especially a big negative with such calculations from those. These data are excavated. Although in the results of heat is less, but it means they are cheating? Pay then for the cube of water has become more! Why spent, part of the economy was stolen!

And the answer to their question is very simple. Let's go back a little back. Just the amount of heat that is necessary for heating 1000 m3 (correctly 1000 tons) of water for 1 degree. I did not wonder the mark "tons", water when different temperature (enthalpy) and pressure has different density, when heated it expands and it becomes more, after she bypassed your apartments and cooled, the volume of water due to the cooling decreasedBut in tons he will be the same. On the printout, if you look at the columns M1 and M2, it is clearly visible. Some difference here is caused by the error of the instruments, in accordance with the heat metering rules, the error can reach 2% on one flow meter. Also, a small error is caused by the fact that the pressure on the assembly nodes in the houses of heat consuming less than 0.5 Gcal per hour may not be measured, but program on actual pressure in ITPBecause the pressure affects the general accounting negative, about 0.1% of the overall accuracy of measuring thermal energy. And the main error is degrees or in these calculations, the temperature difference between the feed and reverse pipeline, the DT column (circled blue) about which they forgotten at all.

In order to answer the question "What is thermal energy?" It is necessary to figure out how hot water differs from cold, what affects the water temperature? It is distinguished by a different amount of warmth contained in it. This warmth, or other thermal energy, cannot be seen or touch, you can only feel. Any water with a temperature greater than 0 ° C contains some kind of heat. The higher the water temperature (pair or condensate), the greater it contains heat. It is measured by heat in calories, in joules, in MW / h (megawatt per hour), not in degrees ° C. Since the tariffs are approved in rubles for gigacalria, then we will take Gcal per unit of measurement. Thus, hot water consists of water itself and contained in it heat energy or heat (GKAL). Water as if saturated with gigacularia. The more Gkal in the water, the more hot. In the heating systems, the coolant (hot water) comes to the system of heating with one temperature, and comes out on the other. That is, it came with one amount of warmth, and came out with another. Some part of the heat carrier gives environment Through heating radiators. For this part that has not returned to the system, and which is measured in Gcal, someone must pay with hot water supply we consume all the water and, accordingly, all 100% of the gkal in it, I will not return anything back to the system.

What is a coolant?

All hot water, which runs through pipes into the heating system or to the hot water supply system, as well as pairs and condensate (the same hot water), this is a coolant. The word coolant consists of two words - heat and carries. When calculating, heat supply companies break the coolant for Gcal and network water. The tariff for network water takes into account only the water itself, and does not take into account the gkal in it. The tariff for hot water takes into account water and gkal in it. To the coolant, depending on the targets (for heating or for DHW), there are different requirements for temperature and by sanitary standards. The heat carrier for hot water purposes has a minimally permissible temperature that the heat supply organization should provide, as well as increased quality requirements. For hot water purposes taken drinking water, heats up and released into the network. The temperature of the coolant for heating purposes depends on the outdoor temperature (i.e. from weather). The colder on the street, the stronger the heating occurs. Conclusions: 1. When paying for the heat, you will need to pay both for GKAL and for network water. When paying for the DHW, also, if a separate hot water tariff is installed. 2. The coolant - heat carries, hot water, it is the same network water + gkal in it. 3. Network water - water without gkal. 4. In life under the coolant and network water, one and the same can be understood. For those who wish to understand this issue in more detail, we suggest familiarizing yourself with the rules of thermal energy and coolant.

xn - 80aAABLG0CUG6B2J.XN - F1AVC.XN - P1AI

Leases of water heating in the receipt in 2018

Many people when paying utilities are surprised, seeing the phrase "heated water" in the receipt. In fact, this innovation was made back in 2013. According to Government Decree No. 406, in the presence of a centralized water supply system, payment must be carried out according to a two-component rate.

Thus, the tariff was divided into two components: the use of cold water and thermal energy. Now the calculation is made separately for two resources: water for DHW and thermal energy. That is why a graph appeared in the receipts, meaning the amount of thermal energy spent on heating cold water. However, many believe that the heating fee is charged illegally, and write complaints on housing and communal services. To make sure the legality of this type of accrual should learn more about this service.

The reason for such innovation was the additional use of energy. The risers and heated towel rails connected to the hot water supply system consume thermal energy, but this consumption was not taken into account in the calculation of payment for utilities. Since the heat supply fee can be charged only in the heating period, air heating due to the use of the heated towel rail was not paid as a utility service. The government has found a way out of such a situation, dividing the tariff for two components.

Equipment

If the water heater fails, the account for hot water does not increase. In this case, authorized employees of the management organization are obliged to repair the equipment urgently. But since repair requires payment, this amount must still pay tenants. Despite the fact that the heating account will remain the same, the amount of payment will be increased for the repair and content of property. This is explained by the fact that water heating devices are part of the property owners of housing.

As for non-standard situations, when, for example, part of the apartments in a multi-storey building has access to hot water, and the second is only for cold, questions regarding the heating payment are solved individually. As practice shows, often from tenants require payment of a fee for the common property that they do not use.

READ ALSO: Can it be turned off the light for non-payment of utilities

Component "Heavy Energy"

If, with the calculation of payment for cold water, everything is quite simple (carried out on the basis of the established tariff), then not everyone understands what is included in the cost of such a service as heated.

The amount for payment of such a service as heated water is calculated taking into account the following components:

• established tariff for thermal energy;
• the costs required for the maintenance of a centralized hot water system (from central thermal points where water heated) is carried out);
• the cost of the loss of thermal energy in pipelines;
• the costs needed to carry out hot water transportation.

Calculation of fees for utilities for hot water supply is carried out taking into account the volume of used water, which is measured in M3.

As a rule, the number of necessary thermal energy is determined on the basis of common values, which show the hot water counters and the spent thermal energy. The used amount of energy in each room is calculated by multiplying the volume of water (determined by the counter) on the specific consumption of thermal energy. The amount of energy is multiplied by the tariff. The resulting value is the amount necessary to pay for payment that in the receipt is registered as "heated water".

How to calculate yourself in 2017-2018

Water heating is one of the most expensive utilities. This is due to the fact that when heated, the use of special equipment operating from the power grid is necessary. To make sure that the receipt indicates the correct amount to pay, you can make calculations yourself and compare the value with the amount specified in the receipt. To do this, find out the amount of payment for thermal energy established by the Regional Tariff Commission. Further calculations depend on the presence of the absence of accounting devices:

1. If you have a meter in the apartment, then you can calculate thermal energy consumption, focusing on its indicator.
2. If the counter is missing, calculations should be based on the established regulatory indicators (installed by an energy-saving organization).

If there is a building in the residential building of the total consumption of thermal energy and established individual counters in the apartments, the accrual of the heating amount is calculated based on the testimony of the overall metering device and further proportional distribution for each apartment. If such a device is absent, the amount required to pay for heating is calculated based on the energy consumption standards for heating 1 m3 of water in the reporting month and testimony individual counter water.

Where to write a complaint

If the legitimacy of the emergence in the receipts of an additional line "Heated Water" is in question, so as not to overpay for heating, it is recommended to first contact the CM with a request to explain what this item means. The appearance of a new line in the receipt is legal only on the basis of the decision of the owner of the MKD premises. In the absence of such a solution, you should write a complaint to GGG. After handling a claim in the Criminal Code, you must provide an answer with explanations within thirty days. In case of refusal to justify why such a service is prescribed in the receipt, the complaint should be submitted to the prosecutor's office with a lawsuit in court. In this case, if you have already paid the amount specified in the receipt, the basis of the claim will serve Article 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. If the return funds are not required, but at the same time you have to pay for the services that you do not provide, apply for the exclusion of the Water Heating Row. In this case, it is necessary to refer to Article 16 of the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights".

READ ALSO: Do I need to check the water meters in Moscow

If there is a need to appeal the actions of utilities on issues related to violations of public services consumer rights, it is necessary to contact Rospotrebnadzor. If you have any questions about the rates set on housing and communal services, you need to contact the federal tariff service.

zhkhinfo.ru.

Gkal, Coolant, Hot and Network Water

Let the management company "Our House" explain why we pay, and what differs from each other the concepts listed above. We, simple residents, difficult to lavish in technical terms.

Question from Nashdomkch.ru

Sergey Kirilyuk responds, head of the Energy Department Uzhk "Our Home":

In the accounts for the payment of heat and hot water, which impose heat supply companies, the following tariffs can be indicated: - for GKAL, (rub / Gcal); - for network water (rub / t) or for heat carrier (rub / M.Kub);

For hot water or DHW (rub / M.Kub)

Not all consumers understand why they have a large amount for heat in the accounts for payment (rubles / Gcal), for hot water (rubles / m.Kub), and immediately - a relatively small amount for network water (rubles / T). What is this additional collection? I will not give the dictionary definition of thermal energy, I will try to explain "on the fingers".

Think what is the difference between hot water from cold, what affects the water temperature? It is distinguished by a different amount of warmth contained in it. This warmth (or other thermal energy) cannot be seen or touch, you can only feel. Any water with a temperature greater than 0 ° C contains some kind of heat. The higher the water temperature (pair or condensate), the greater it contains heat.

It is measured by heat in calories, in joules, in MW / h (megawatt per hour), not in degrees ° C. Since the tariffs are approved in rubles for gigacalria, then we will take Gcal per unit of measurement. Thus, hot water consists of water itself and contained in it heat energy or heat (GKAL). Water as if saturated with gigacularia. The more Gkal in the water, the more hot.

In the heating systems, the coolant (hot water) comes with one temperature, and comes out on the other. Some part of the heat water gives into the environment through the heating radiators. For this part, which has not returned to the system, and which is measured in Gcal, someone must pay.

With hot water supply, we consume all the water and, accordingly, all 100% of the gkal in it, do not return anything back to the system.

What is a coolant? All hot water, which runs through pipes into the heating system or to the hot water supply system, as well as pairs and condensate (the same hot water). The word coolant consists of two words - heat and carries. When calculating, the heat supply companies split the coolant for Gcal and network water than the misunderstanding of some consumers.

If earlier uzhku "our house" charged for hot water at tariffs on the DHW in rubles / M.Kub, now we break the coolant for the needs of DHW. We have no payment for the payment for hot water there are no tariff rub / M.Kub. We exhibit for DHW as well as for heat, separately for network water and separately for GKAL.

The tariff for network water takes into account only the water itself, and does not take into account the gkal in it. The tariff for hot water takes into account water, and gkal in it.

To the coolant, depending on the targets (for heating or for DHW), there are different requirements for temperature and by sanitary standards. For hot water, there is a minimum permissible temperature that the heat supply organization should provide, as well as increased quality requirements.

In Kachkanar there is a 2-pipe open heat supply system, from which the DHW system is powered in each separately standing house - It was determined by the project in the construction of the city. IN summer period There is no circulation of the heating system, hot water is supplied according to one of the heating systems (starting with CHP and to each consumer).

The temperature of the heating coolant depends on the outdoor temperature (from the weather). The colder on the street, the stronger Gray.

Conclusions: - When paying for the heat you will need to pay for Gcal. When paying for hot water - both for GKAL and for network water (coolant); - The coolant - heat carries, hot water, it is a network water + gkal in it; - Network water - water without gkal;

In life under the coolant and network water, one and the same can be understood.

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Payment of heat and enterprise in the DHW

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 14, 2015 No. 129 in order to regulate the procedure for the application of two-component tariffs for hot water, changes were made to PP of the Russian Federation of 06.05.2011 No. 354 and PP of the Russian Federation of 05/23/2006 No. 306. According to the amendments to the establishment of two-component tariffs for hot water supply (hereinafter referred to as the GWS) "The size of a utility service for hot water supply is calculated based on the amount of the value of the component for cold water, intended for heating in order to provide a communal service for hot water supply, and the cost of a component for thermal energy used for heated cold water for purposes The provision of a communal service for hot water supply "(paragraph 6 of clause 38 of Rules 354), while the authorized body of the subject of the Russian Federation" establishes a power ratio of heat energy used for heating of cold water to provide a communal hot water supply service "(paragraph 32 (1) of Rules 306 ). And if the procedure for calculating the cost of the DHW between the consumer and the executor of the communal service (hereinafter referred to as ICU) was resolved (although to this day there is a huge number of cases of its violation), then when calculating between ICA and the resource-supplying organization (hereinafter - RSO) arose and continue to occur Disputes, especially in cases of household equipment with general-purpose metering devices, defining both the consumption of DHW and the amount of heat in the consumed hot water.

Heat in DHW: Both consumption and payment for payment

If we consider consumption of hot water in the MKD premises, it is easy to establish cases in which with the same amount of hot water consumption of heat consumption in this water will be different. In such cases, consumption can be attributed in the absence of circulation in the house of "cooled" hot water by those tenants who earlier wakes up in the morning or later goes to bed in the evening. Obviously, water will be more hot with long-term consumption compared to a multitude of short-term inclusions, even if the total volume of short-term inclusions is equal to the volume of long-term consumption. In the inter-octic period, there is a significant difference in the temperature of hot water in the same type of houses (for which the same consumption standards are provided), depending on the length of the DHW network, from these homes to the RSO (MKD remoteness from the boiler room) - residents of houses connected to the "end" segments of heating networks, usually Enjoy less hot waterWhat at home connected to the "transit" pipelines of the same networks.

Probably, to create a certain averaged unified system of calculation, the Government of the Russian Federation decided to approve the heat energy standards for heated GVS. and entered the right to establish such standards of the subjects of the Russian Federation authorized to approve the regulations for the consumption of utilities. Thus, the possibility of determining the different cost of hot water was excluded (in rubles per cubic meter), for example, for residents of various apartments of the same apartment house. It should be noted that the various cost of hot water is also excluded (in rubles per cubic meter) for tenants of one house at various months - after all, the calculation of the cost of a cubic meter of hot water consumed by the consumer must be prohibited based on the cost of the component on cold water, the tariff for which It is approved by the subject of the Russian Federation, and the value of the component on thermal energy, the tariff for which and the volume on each unit of water (the heat standard for heating DHW) is also approved by the subject of the Russian Federation. Thus, the cost of one cubometer of hot water does not depend on the actual heat consumption for the heating of this water (in any way measured or calculated), and is calculated on the basis of only those parameters, which are approved by the state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

If we talk about the amount of heat, consumed on the goal of hot water, all apartment buildings (hereinafter referred to as MKD), then, of course, such a number can be determined by such a generalical accounting device (hereinafter referred to as possible), which measures not only hot water consumption for the needs of DHW, but And the heat content of this water. The position of the overwhelming part of the RNO, which consists in the fact that the heat entered in the MCD is payable in full, is reasonable and logical. No less logical is to determine the amount of heat in the DHW, consumed by all MKD, according to the form that allows such a quantity to measure. At the same time, in the application of a thermal energy flow rate used to heighten the cold water to provide a communal services for hot water supply, approved by the state-owned authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation, in the opinion of these RSO, there is no need. In the absence of a dwarf system in the general workshop, the function of measuring the amount of heat (and even more so in the absence of an absurd basis) the same RSS believe the use of a heat standard for heating the DHW is already necessary.

The position is certainly not devoid of logic, however, the current legislation of the Russian Federation does not give the right to choose - use in calculating the heat regulatory standard or not to use. The standards for the application in the calculations are the normative of the flow of thermal energy used to heighten the cold water to provide a municipal service for hot water supply, are imperative to be unconditioned. At the same time, no norms on the possibility of applying in the calculations of the indications of the OKU, determining the amount of heat in the composition of the DHW, the legislation of the Russian Federation simply does not contain. Thus, the use in the calculations of such testimony is determined, although logical, but is not based on the law, and therefore it is wrong. At the same time, the use in the calculations of the heat standard of heating of the DHW is not the right provided for individual cases (for example, the absence of an aspiration, or the absence of an order to measure heat-containing in the DHW), and the duty for any cases without exception.

From the foregoing, it follows that when calculating the cost of the DHW (both between the consumer and the Contractor, the services for the DHW and between ICA and the RSO) uses the actually consumed volume of heat heating to heating water to provide a communal service for hot water supply, and the standard of heat consumption for heating DHW .

What did the court set?

These circumstances studied the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region, and then - according to the appeal - the 10th Arbitration Court of Appeal, when considering the case on the claim of Orekhovo-Zuevskaya Heaglete LLC to the HOA "Auto-trains" (Case No. A41-18008 / 16) for recovery Debt on the payment of thermal energy. The main administration of the Moscow Region "State Housing Inspectorate of the Moscow Region", the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Moscow Region was involved as third parties to participate in the case.

In decision of 12.12.2016 in case No. A41-18008 / 16, the AU of the Moscow region indicated:

"Directly, fully and objectively examining the evidence submitted by the parties to substantiate the stated requirements and objections, the court came to the next.

As established by the court, September 26, 2012, between the plaintiff and the defendant concluded an agreement for heat supply No. 240, according to which the plaintiff is an energy supply organization, the defendant is a subscriber.

In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 539 of the Civil Code Russian Federation (hereinafter - the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) under the energy supply contract, the power supply organization undertakes to submit to the subscriber (consumer) through an attached network energy, and the subscriber undertakes to pay for the accepted energy ...

Based on Article 544 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the payment of energy is carried out for the amount of energy actually adopted by the subscriber in accordance with the data of energy accounting, unless otherwise provided by law, other legal acts or the Agreement of the Parties. The procedure for calculations for energy is determined by law, other legal acts or agreements of the parties.

In accordance with the provisions of Article 157 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the LCD), the amount of utility fees is calculated based on the volume of consumed utility services, determined by the testimony of accounting devices, and in their absence based on the standards of consumption of utilities approved by state authorities The constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the manner prescribed by the Government of the Russian Federation, on tariffs established by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the manner prescribed by the Federal Law.

Part 5 of Article 9 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2010 No. 190-ФЗ "On Heating" found that hot water tariffs in open heat supply systems (hot water supply) are established in the form of two-component tariffs using a component for heat carrier and component for thermal energy .

According to Part 9 of Article 32 of the Federal Law of December 7, 2011. No. 416-FZ "On Water Supply and Water Controlling" Tariffs in the field of hot water supply can be established in the form of two-component tariffs using a component for cold water and a component for thermal energy in the manner determined by the foundations of pricing in the field of water supply and drainage, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Paragraph 88 of the foundations of the pricing in the field of water supply and drainage approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2013 No. 406, it is envisaged that tariff regulation authorities establish a two-component tariff for hot water in a closed hot water system consisting of a component on cold water and component on thermal energy.

Thus, the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of price regulation (tariffs) make decisions on the establishment of two-component tariffs for hot water in accordance with the norms of current legislation.

In order to regulate the procedure for applying two-component hot water tariffs by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 14, 2015 No. 129 (entered into force on February 28, 2015) amended the rules for the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings, approved Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011. No. 354 (hereinafter referred to as Regulation No. 354), and the rules of establishing and determining the regulations for the consumption of utilities approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 No. 306 (hereinafter referred to as Regulation No. 306).

Clause 38 of Rules No. 354 provides that in the case of the establishment of two-component tariffs for hot water, the cost of a communal service for hot water supply is calculated based on the amount of the value of the component on cold water, intended for heating in order to provide a communal service for hot water supply, and the value of the component on The thermal energy used for heating cold water in order to provide a communal hot water service.

In accordance with paragraph 42 of the Rules No. 354 in the event of the establishment of two-component hot water tariffs, the cost of a utility service for hot water supply provided to the consumer for the estimated period in a residential room equipped with an individual or common (apartment) accounting device is determined in accordance with formula 23 Applications number 2 to Rules No. 354 based on the testimony of hot water accounting devices and the heat-heated rate of thermal energy used for water heating, and in the absence of such a metering device - based on the cost of hot water consumption and the cost of heat consumption used for water heating.

At the same time, the rules number 354 does not provide for the use of heat energy as a communal service, which corresponds to the provisions of part 4 of article 154 of the LCD of the Russian Federation.

Given the outlined, rules No. 354 provides for the distribution of thermal energy used for heating of cold water in order to provide a communal service for hot water supply, within the framework of a heat-heating cost of water heating for the provision of a communal hot water supply service.

In connection with this appropriate changes made to Rules No. 306, it is envisaged that the cost of consumption of a communal service for hot water supply is determined by establishing a rating of hot water consumption in a residential room and a heat-heated water flow rate for heating water for hot water supply.

So, according to paragraph 7 of Rules No. 306, when choosing a unit of measuring consumption standards for hot water supply (hot water), the following indicators are used:

in residential premises - cube. Meter of cold water for 1 person and Gcal for heated 1 cube. meter of cold water or cube. meter of hot water per person;

for generalic needs - cube. Meter of cold water and Gkal heated 1 cube. meter of cold water per 1 square. The meter of the total area of \u200b\u200bpremises belonging to the general property in an apartment building, or a cube. meter hot water per 1 square meter. The meter of the total area of \u200b\u200bpremises belonging to the general property in an apartment building.

This principle provides a fair distribution of thermal energy to heating a cubic meter of water between all consumers, depending on the volume of hot water consumption. In this regard, the procedure for determining the amount of fee for a communal service for hot water supply, mounted rules No. 354, fully complies with the requirements of the LCD of the Russian Federation and is established, taking into account the exclusion of the emergence of an unfair financial burden on citizens.

Thus, regardless of the presence of a collective (common) device for taking into account thermal energy in the hot water system of an apartment building, regardless of the heat supply system (hot water supply) (open or closed), as well as regardless of the season of season (heating or unemic), the number of heat The energy used for heating water is determined by the procedure for heat heating of water for heating water installed in the procedure provided by law for water heating for hot water supply purposes.

Accordingly, in the presence of thermal energy flow standards for heating hot water, the readings of the metering instruments that measure thermal energy used for hot water supply are not taken into account in the calculations with consumers or in the calculations with resource-supplying organizations.

A certain order of determining the amount of fee for a communal service for hot water supply in the case under consideration of the rules No. 354 is not provided.

Civil rights and obligations of the management organization or partnership of owners of housing or a housing cooperative or other specialized consumer cooperative (hereinafter referred to as the partnership, cooperative) on the implementation of settlements for the resources necessary for the provision of utilities, arise from the resource supply agreements concluded in the manner prescribed by the rules required When concluding a management organization or a partnership of housing owners by a housing cooperative or other specialized consumer cooperatives with resource-supplying organizations, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 14, 2012 No. 124 (hereinafter, respectively - Resolution No. 124, Rules No. 124).

According to subparagraphs "G", "E" of clause 17 of Rules No. 124, the procedure for determining the volume of the communal resource supplied, the order of payment of the utility resource is the essential conditions of the resource supply contract.

At the same time, in relationship with the requirements of Rules No. 124, when concluding a resource supply agreement, the requirements are also subject to the requirements for the implementation of the resources necessary for the provision of utilities approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 28, 2012 No. 253 (hereinafter referred to as the requirements).

Clause 4 of the requirements found that in favor of resource-supplying organizations, the funds received by the Contractor from consumers are subject to transfer.

At the same time, paragraph 5 of the requirements it is envisaged that the amount of payment of the perpetrator of a communal service due to the transfer in favor of a resource supply organization supplying a specific type of resource is determined depending on the payment by the consumer of the corresponding communal service in the full amount specified in payment documentOr with partial payment, which fully corresponds to the rules No. 124 indicated above.

Based on the above, the amount of payment of the Communal Services in favor of a resource supply organization is subject to definition, taking into account the amount of funds received from consumers of utility services, as well as taking into account the volume of utility resources in the event of the supply of resource-supplying organization of the utility resource in improper quality or with interruptions exceeding the established duration .

In addition, managing organizations (partnerships, cooperatives) are performers in an apartment building in an apartment building, the utility resource is not for resale, but to provide relevant utility services to consumers and pay consumers consumed in such an apartment building. The volume of utilities from payments received from consumers for utilities.

In accordance with the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of June 8, 2012, the AKPI 12-604 No. 124, according to which the management organization, a partnership or cooperative, is not economic entities with independent economic interests, other than the interests of residents as direct consumers of communal Services. The organization's data carry out activities on the provision of utilities on the basis of an apartment building management agreement and pay the volume of utilities supplied under the resource supply contract, only from the consumer payments received. With this position, the amount of payment for the utility resource under the resource supply contract must be equal to the size of a utility board paid by all consumers of utilities in accordance with the rules of their provision.

Considering the foregoing, regardless of the agreement, the parties are required to follow the imperative standards that regulate the procedure for calculations for the communal services rendered.

According to paragraphs 10, 11 of part 1 of article 4 of the LCD of the Russian Federation, relations about the provision of utilities, making fees for residential premises and utilities regulates housing legislation.

In accordance with the provisions of Article 8 of the LCD RF for housing relations associated, including using engineering equipment, the provision of utilities, making public services fees, applies appropriate legislation, taking into account the requirements established by the LCD of the Russian Federation.

Taking into account the foregoing, when concluding a resource supply agreement with persons carrying out the management of an apartment building, and establishing conditions in it, including regulating the procedure for the termination of the delivery of an appropriate type of utility resource into an apartment building, it is necessary primarily to be guided by the norms of housing legislation, in particular Rules No. 124 Taking into account the provisions of Rules No. 354.

Clause 5 of the requirements found that the amount of payment of the Contractor due to the transfer in favor of a resource-supplying organization that supplies a specific type of resource is determined in the amount specified in the payment document of fees for a specific communal service accrued to the consumer for this billing period in accordance with Rules No. 354 ( payment by the consumer in full), and when paying the consumer is not in full - the amount proportional to the size of the board for a specific utility service in common size Specified in the payment document of payments for work and services performed (provided) for this estimated period.

Based on this, the partnership of the owners of the housing is obliged to cover the obligations to resource-supplying organizations for the volume of utilities at the expense of funds received from consumers to pay for consumed utilities for hot water supply, that is, calculated on the basis of the cost of the thermal energy consumption used for water heating for the provision of water Communal services for hot water supply.

Based on the foregoing, the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region believes that the stated claims are not subject to satisfaction.

Guided by Articles Art. 110, 112, 162, 167-170, 176 Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region

In satisfaction of the claims to refuse. "

The Tenth Arbitration Court of Appeal, having considered the appeal on the decision of the Armenia of the Moscow Region, adopted a decree dated 04/17/2017 No. 10AP-805/2017 in case No. A41-18008 / 16, which repeated the arguments of the court of first instance, additionally specify:

"The arguments of the appeal repeat the arguments of the claim, were reasonably rejected by the court of first instance.

Taking into account the set of outlined circumstances, the Court of Appeal does not find funds provided for by the law to revaluate the conclusions of the court of first instance and satisfy the claims of the appeal.

Guided by Articles 266, 268, paragraph 1 of Article 269, Article 271 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, Court

Decided:

The decision of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region dated December 12, 2016 in case No. A41-18008 / 16 is to be left unchanged, an appeal - without satisfaction. "

conclusions

The Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region and supporting his opinion 10th Arbitration Court of Appeal, when considering the case No. A41-18008 / 16, established that regardless of the presence of a collective (generalic) device for taking into account thermal energy in the hot water supply system of an apartment building, regardless of the type of heat supply system / Hot water supply (open or closed), regardless of the period of the year (heating or inter-octic), "The amount of thermal energy used for water heating is determined by the procedure for heating water consumption established in the legislation provided by the legislation to heat water heating for hot water purposes ... In the presence of standards of heat energy consumption for heating hot water, the readings of the metering instruments that measure thermal energy used for hot water purposes are not taken into account in the calculations with consumers or in settlements with resource-supplying organizations. "

What is Gkal? Gkal - gigaklorine, that is, a measuring unit in which thermal energy is calculated. You can make the calculation of Gcal yourself, but after studying some information about thermal energy. Consider in the article General information on calculations, as well as a formula for calculating GKAL.

What is Gkal?

Calico is a certain amount of energy that is necessary for heating 1 gram of water to 1 degree. This condition is observed under atmospheric pressure. For the calculations of thermal energy, a large value is applied - Gcal. Gigaklorine corresponds to 1 billion calories. This value began to be used since 1995 in accordance with the document of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy.

In Russia, the average consumption value for 1 sq.m. It is 0.9342 Gcal for the month. In each region, this value may vary in a larger or smaller direction depending on weather conditions.

What is gigaklorine if it is translated into ordinary values?

1. 1 gigakloria is 1162.2 kilowatt clock.
2. In order to heat 1 thousand tons of water to a temperature of +1 degrees, 1 gigaklorine will be required.

Gkal in apartment buildings

In apartment buildings, gigaklorine are used in thermal calculations. If you know the exact amount of heat, which remains in the house, you can calculate the account to pay for heating. For example, if the house does not set a general or individual heat device, then for centralized heating will have to pay on the basis of the area of \u200b\u200bthe heated room. In the event that the heat meter is set, the horizontal type is implied or sequential, or collector. In this version, there are two risers for the feeding and reverse tube, and the system inside the apartment is determined by tenants. Such schemes are used in new homes. That is why tenants can independently regulate the consumption of thermal energy, making a choice between comfort and savings.

Adjustment is made as follows:

1. Due to the throttle of heating batteries, a restoration of the heating device is restricted, therefore, the temperature in it decreases, and the heat consumption is reduced.
2. Installing a general thermostat on the inverse tube. In this embodiment, the flow rate of the working fluid is determined by the temperature in the apartment and if it increases, the flow rate is reduced, and if it decreases, the flow rate increases.

Gkal in private houses

If we talk about Gcal in a private house, the tenants are primarily interested in the cost of heat in each form of fuel. Therefore, consider some rates for 1 Gcal on different kinds Fuel:

• - 3300 rubles;
• Gas liquefied - 520 rubles;
• Coal - 550 rubles;
• Pellets - 1800 rubles;
• Diesel fuel - 3270 rubles;
• Electricity - 4300 rubles.

The price may vary depending on the region, and it is worth considering that the cost of fuel periodically increases.

General information on calculations Gkal

To calculate GKAL, it is necessary to produce special calculations, the order of which is established by special regulatory acts. The calculation is made by utility services that may explain the procedure for calculating the GKAL, as well as to decipher any incomprehensible points.

If you have an individual device installed, you will avoid any problems and overpayments. It is enough for you to make the indicators from the meter monthly and multiply the resulting number on the tariff. The amount received must be paid for the use of heating.

Counters of heat

1. The temperature of the fluid at the entrance and output of a specific portion of the highway.
2. Fluid consumption, which moves through heating devices.

Consumption can be determined using heat meters. Heat metering devices can be two types:

1. Foreign counters. Such instruments are used to account for thermal energy, as well as hot water consumption. The difference between such meters and appliances for the consideration of cold water is the material from which the impeller is manufactured. In such devices, it is most resistant to high temperatures. The principle of operation is similar to two devices:

• Accounting device is transmitted to the rotation of the impeller;
• The impeller begins to rotate due to the movement of the working fluid;
• Transmission is carried out without direct interaction, but by the help of a permanent magnet.

Such instruments have a simple design, but they are low. And also they have reliable protection From testimony distortion. With the help of the antimagnetic screen, it is prevented from braking the impeller by an outer magnetic field.

1. Devices with drop recorder. Such meters are working under the law of Bernoulli, which claims that the flow rate of fluid or gas flow is inversely proportional to its static movement. If the pressure is registered with two sensors, then you can easily determine the consumption in real time. The meter implies in the design of the electronics design. Almost all models provide information on the flow rate and temperature of the working fluid, and also determine the consumption of thermal energy. Customize work can be manually using a PC. Connect the device to a PC via the port.

Many residents are wondering how to calculate the amount of Gcal for heating in an open heating system, in which the selection for hot water is possible. The pressure sensors are installed on the reverse tube and serves simultaneously. The difference that will be in the flow rate of the working fluid will show the amount of warm water that was spent for household needs.

The formula for calculating GKAL heating

If you do not have an individual device, it is necessary to take advantage of the following formula for calculating heat to heating: Q \u003d V * (T1 - T2) / 1000, where:

1. Q is the total energy of heat.
2. V- The volume of hot water consumption. Measured in tons or cubic meters.
3. T1 is the temperature of hot water, which is measured in degrees Celsius. This calculation is better to consider such a temperature that will be characteristic of a specific operating pressure. This indicator has the name - enthalpy. If there is no required sensor, then take the temperature that will be similar to enthalpy. Usually the average indicator of such a temperature is within 60-65 degrees Celsius.
4. T2 is the temperature of cold water, which is measured in degrees Celsius. As you know, get to the pipeline with cold water It is not easy, so such values \u200b\u200bare determined by constant values. They, in turn, depend on the climatic conditions outside the house. For example, in the cold season, this value can be 5 degrees, and in a warm time, when there is no heating, it can reach 15 degrees.
5. 1000 is a coefficient due to which you can get an answer in gigacularities. This value will be more accurate than in conventional calories.

In closed heating system The calculation of the gigacalry occurs in another form. In order to calculate Gcal in a closed heating system, it is necessary to use the following formula: Q \u003d ((V1 * (T1 - T)) - (V2 * (T2 - T))) / 1000, where:

1. Q is the former thermal energy;
2. V1 is the parameter of the heat carrier consumption in the feed pipe. As a heat source can be water vapor or ordinary water.
3. V2 is the volume of water consumption in the discharge pipe;
4. T1 - temperature in the heat carrier feed pipe;
5. T2 - temperature at the outlet of the pipe;
6. T - Cold water temperature.

The calculation of thermal energy to heating for this formula depends on the two parameters: the first shows the heat that enters the system, and the second is the heat parameter when the heat carrier is removed along the inverse tube.

Other methods for calculating GKAL heating

1. Q \u003d ((V1 * (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2) * (T2 - T)) / 1000.
2. Q \u003d ((V2 * (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2) * (T1 - T)) / 1000.

All values \u200b\u200bin these formulas are the same as in the previous formula. Based on the calculations above, we can conclude that it is possible to calculate the GKAL for heating. But it should be consulted in special companies that are responsible for the supply of heat in the house, since their work and the settlement system may differ from these formulas and consist of another set of events.

If you decide in your private house to make the "warm floor" system, the principle of calculating heating will be completely different. The calculation will be much more complicated, as it should be considered not only the features of the heating contour, but also electrical networkfrom which the floor heating occurs. Companies that are responsible for controlling the installation of warm sex will be different.

Many residents experience difficulties when transferring kilocalories to kilowatts. This is due to many manuals of measuring units in an international system, which is called "C". When translating kilocalories to kilowatts, the coefficient of 850 should be used. That is, 1 kW is 850 kcal. Such a calculation is much easier than others, as it is not difficult to find out the required volume of gigaklory. 1 gigocloria \u003d 1 million calories.

During the calculation, it should be remembered that any modern devices have a small error. Basically they are permissible. But it is necessary to calculate the error yourself. For example, this can be done using the following formula: R \u003d (V1 - V2) / (V1 + v2) * 100, where:

1. R is the error of a general-friendly device for heating.
2. V1 and V2 are the previously specified water flow parameters in the system.
3. 100 is a coefficient that is responsible for the transfer of the value obtained into interest.
   In accordance with the operational standards, the maximum error that can be 2%. Basically, such an indicator does not exceed 1%.

Results of calculations GKAL heating

If you correctly performed the calculation of the consumption of GKAL thermal energy, then you may not worry about overpayments for utilities. If you use the above formulas, we can conclude that when heating a residential building is an area of \u200b\u200bup to 200 sq.m. It will be necessary to spend about 3 Gcal for 1 month. If we consider that the heating season in many regions of the country lasts about 6 months, then the approximate consumption of thermal energy can be considered. For this, 3 Gcal multiply for 6 months and get 18 Gcal.

Based on the information specified above, it can be concluded that all calculations on the flow rate of thermal energy in a particular house can be made independently without the help of special organizations. But it is worth remembering that all data should be calculated precisely according to special mathematical formulas. In addition, all procedures must be coordinated with special bodies that control such actions. If you are not sure to calculate yourself, you can use the services of professional professionals who are engaged in such work and have materials in stock describing in detail the entire process and photo of the samples of the heating system, as well as their connection schemes.