Man is part of society. There is existing in society, it is constantly experiencing certain social needs.

Social needs of man are an integral part of his personality.

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What are the social needs? There are a large number of human social needs, which can be divided into three main groups:

Basic sociogenic needs

A list of basic social needs, which are experiencing a person living in society:

Examples of satisfaction

Consider satisfaction with the person of emerging social needs:

Significance

Satisfying social needs from the group "for yourself" is necessary condition for the formation of a full-fledged personality.

The compliance of a person's life to his social expectations guarantees the positive socialization of such a person in society, eliminates the manifestation of any forms of deviating behavior.

A person satisfied with the level of its development, obtained by education, quarry, friends and is Useful member of society.

Each of his satisfied needs leads to the emergence of any social significant result: A strong family with children - a full-fledged cell of society, achievements in a career - a successful performance of labor functions, etc.

Satisfying the needs "for others" and "together with others" - the key to the positive functioning of society.

Only positive interaction of people among themselves, their ability to act together in public interest, and not just one for personal use will help create mature society.

The problem of modern society is precisely in the unwillingness of people to satisfy the general needs. Each person comes to the question from a selfish point of view - makes only what is profitable for him.

At the same time, the lack of initiative in committing important public actions leads to a mess, violations of the law, nonsense.

As a result, the integrity and well-being of society in which a person lives, and it immediately affects the quality of his own life.

That is His egoistic interests In any case are affected.

Result

Human activity causes social needs? Needs - personality source, motivation of its activities.

A person performs any actions exclusively from the desire to achieve a certain result. This result is the satisfaction of the need.

Human actions can contribute the execution of desire is directly. For example: if you need to communicate, the teenager comes out of the house to the street to friends sitting in the courtyard and comes with them to the dialogue.

In other cases, the activity is manifested in the implementation of certain actions, which will subsequently lead to the satisfaction of social needs. For example, the desire to power can be achieved by targeted activities in the professional field.

At the same time, people do not always commit to meet the needs that they have.

Unlike biological needs, which cannot be ignored (thirst, hunger, etc.), the social needs of a person can leave unrealized.

The reasons: Laziness, lack of initiative, insufficient motivation, lack of dedication, etc.

For example, a person may experience a strong need for communication and at the same time constantly sit at home alone, do not have friends. The cause of such behavior can be strong.

As a result, a person will not take action that he could commit to achieve the desired result.

The lack of necessary activity will lead to the unrealizations of existing desires, to the low quality of life, but at the same time there will be no threat to life.

Is there any animals?

On the one hand, social needs may only be peculiar to people in view of the fact that only members of society may experience them. On the other hand, animals have in their groups certain hierarchy of behavior, rules and rituals.

From this point of view, it is customary to allocate zoosocial needs of animals: Parent behavior, game behavior, migration, desire for self-preservation, adaptation to living conditions, hierarchy in stak, etc.

These needs cannot be called social fully, but they are the original source of the development of further social needs in humans.

Thus, social needs there are every person in large quantities. Satisfying them, a person must act not only in personal interests, but also in the interests of others.

The need to be necessary and communication is the social needs of a person:

The needs of society is a sociological category, which is based on collective habits, that is, what came from our ancestors, and rooted in society so much that exists in the subconscious. This is also interesting for the needs depending on subconscious, which cannot be analyzed, considering a specific individual. They must be considered globally, regarding society.

To meet the needs of the good. Accordingly, economic needs are those to satisfy the economic benefits. In other words, the economic needs are part of human needs, to satisfy which production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods needed. From here we can conclude that any person needs the economic sphere to meet at least its primary needs. Anyone, be it a celebrity, scientist, singer, musician, politician, the president primarily depends on its natural principle, and therefore relates to the economic life of society, and cannot create, create, lead without refining the economic sphere.

The needs of a person can be defined as a state of dissatisfaction, or the needs that he strive to overcome. It is this state of dissatisfaction that makes a person take certain efforts, that is, to carry out production activities.

Scientific studies in the 20th century complex-dynamic systems (elementary particles, biological formations, social phenomena) suggest that society is not all and not a simple combination of the components of its individuals. Of course, society develops from individuals and cannot exist without them. However, not any unification of individuals form society.

The primary associations of individuals are small social groups. They have common needs, interests, goals. For example, a football team. In the circle of the concerns of football players includes headings to opponents and nothing more. That is, they are not concerned about the production of food, neither the construction of stadiums nor the provision of medical care in injuries, nor to many other than the concerned society. And therefore any small social group is not a society.

Unlike a small social group society - This is such a union of people who possesses self-sufficiency, i.e. It is capable of creating and reconstructing all the necessary conditions for joint existence. Society is not just a set of generators of its individuals, but a self-sufficient system. And as the system it has such qualities as they do not have the components of its individuals separately. Systemic qualities are not just the sum of homogeneous qualities, but their generalization and transformation. The qualities of individuals, which are combined into the public system, are generalized in the sense that, when involving them into society, there is an extraction of the total and discarding of a single one. And this is a common set of individual qualities when combined is subject to the goals and objectives of the self-sufficient existence of a systemic whole. As a result, generalized individual qualities turn into new - social qualities.

This mechanism acts in the process of transformation of individual needs and interests in public. However, the transformation does not occur immediately, but through the needs and interests of small social groups. The latter perform in the form of a kind of transitional link between the needs of individual and society.

The generalization of individual needs in a small social group leads, firstly, to a qualitative change in their content. Take, for example, an individual need for self-affirmation. A small social group also shows to a certain extent self-affirmation, carrying out competitive struggle with small similar social groups. But this self-affirmation is significantly different from the self-affirmation of the individual in the same small social group. Self-affirmation of individuals in the group can be carried out by improving their work, improving labor productivity, product quality growth, which helps to improve the work of the Group and, respectively, to its self-affirmation. But maybe due to the struggle between individuals (enjoying, the attachment of the hosting groups inside the group, the jack, etc.), which worsens the work of the Group as a whole and therefore does not contribute to self-affirmation in competition with other groups. Thus, even one and the same need, inherent in the individual and the small social group, has a different content, various satisfaction and different consequences.

Secondly, the generalization of individual needs in a small social group creates fundamentally new needs that are absent among individuals. And this is natural, for the appointment itself, for which a small social group is created and operates, is determined by society or independently to meet only social needs, or together with individuals to meet public and individual needs. An example of the first group can serve as a collective of a mining and processing plant for the production of pellets for a metallurgical enterprise, an example of a second-brigade of ambulance. In any case, a small social group is a public form of an individual in public life in order to meet certain social needs.

A small social group is at the same time the transitional form from the individual to society and back. From here the needs of a small social group are a certain unity of individual and social needs, they can be said, the transformed form. For in the main small social group, the individual, as a rule, does not satisfy its needs, but earns money that acts as a universal means of satisfaction. If not all, then many people's needs. At the same time, the public need implemented in the activities of a small social group does not quite belong to society, for it bears the provint of the specific features of this group. The elimination of these features of small social groups is achieved through their generalization and expression in the activities of large social groups. For example, the specific features of the teams of industrial enterprises disappear only in the activities of total industry workers: workers, engineers, managers (managers). Only in the activities of large social groups, the needs of society are finalizing and implementing. This activity is carried out naturally through the activities of individuals in small social groups. But it is significantly different from the activities of the same individuals who satisfy their own needs. Although quite often a coincidence of individual and social needs, when the individual likes his activities in a small social group and, accordingly, it satisfies his one or another need.

The needs of society are extremely diverse. For their satisfaction, appropriate spheres are consistent, which are either part of social life, or its side, aspect. The first to have a certain spatial-temporal localization. For example, the economic sphere, political, household, medical, sports and physical culture, educational, etc. The second is inherent in the whole society, representing one or another cut of public life. For example, the moral sphere, aesthetic, legal, social, etc.

Each of the spheres of society develops and exists to meet a certain type of social needs. In accordance with this, the following public needs are allocated:

• 1. economic - the needs of the production of material goods, their distribution and consumption;
• 2. social - Needs to normalize relations between different social groups;
• 3. political - the needs of the implementation of power and management in society;
• 4. legal - the needs of regulating relations between people of the laws of law, which are provided by the power of the state;
• 5. household - the needs of the individuals necessary for the production of person and the activities of people are completely inoperative;
• 6. sports and Physical Cultural - the needs of the physical development and improvement of a person;
• 7. medical - the needs of preserving and strengthening the health of people, prevention and treatment of diseases;
• 8. educational - Needs to organize, ensure and implement the process of assimilation of systematic knowledge, skills and skills;
• 9. scientific - The need for the knowledge of nature, society and man, their interaction;
• 10. spiritual - The need to create, distribute and

the consumption of spiritual goods: literary, musical,

theatrical, moral, philosophical, religious and others;

11. social and cultural - The needs for creating, distributing and consuming material and spiritual benefits, values, services (restaurant, hotel, sightseeing, tourist, entertainment, folk-fishing, etc.).

Public needs are implemented in the activities of different large and small social groups, individuals who have their own specific needs, interests and ideas regarding the same benefits, values, services. This generates the inconsistency of their activities on the implementation of social needs. Therefore, social needs are always internally contradictory. The greatest degree of contradiability, the degree of exacerbilities and the nature of permission depend on large social groups, the level of their maturity (properly or wrong they understand their interests, scientific or religious worldview, they possess, egoistic or altruistically, they relate to other social groups and so on .) And the nature of the relationship between them (they are antagonistic or not, contradictory or compromise). Among the large social groups, the main political groups of the Company play a leading role in determining the direction and nature of social needs (in the history of mankind - these are dominant and oppressed, now the nomenclature or the rules of the elite and the people).

Formation and development of social needs

The concept of "formation of needs" of the population in theory and practice is considered in two aspects: firstly, as an objective process of their development, secondly, as a certain type of activity of the Company and the state.

In the first sentence, it characterizes the objective process of moving the needs, determined by the law of their elevation; In the second, it acts as a type of purposeful impact of society and the state to raise a harmoniously developed personality.

When analyzing the formation of needs as an objective process, it is important to correctly identify the defining factors.

Factors of the formation of needs - conditions and circumstances, under the influence of which the needs of the population are developing and developing.

These factors are divided into objective and subjective.

Objective factors include those that act independently of the will and consciousness of people and are external to the person itself as a carrier or subject of needs. These include socio-economic and cultural and domestic living conditions of the population in a given country, from which the degree of development of the need and the possibility of their satisfaction are directly depended; the level of development of productive forces and production relations, which determines the living conditions of the population; The level of social production and scientific and technological progress; the intensity of its penetration in the field of personal consumption; Natural and climatic conditions; The age of the population, the number of families, their composition, etc.

Subjective factors depend on the individual itself, the psycho-physiological characteristics of the individual. These are the opinions, preferences and tastes of a person, his inclinations, habits, etc. However, as is known from sociology, and they are formed in a certain social environment, which significantly affects them.

The process of formation and development of personal needs is characterized by certain patterns. There are common patterns of formation and development of needs and specific.

The general patterns of the formation of needs are inherent in any public building and manifest themselves at all stages of the development of human society, for example, the growth of the overall needs of the needs, high-quality elevation and improvement.

Specific characterize individual aspects of the development of personal needs, including those that are inherent in certain socio-economic formations.

The means of forming the needs of the levers with the help of which the state and society purposefully affects the processes of needs to develop. These include: educational use, promotional activities that have a goal to excite and form a need for a specific product and service. The use of various methods of impact on the consumer involves the knowledge of the motives of his behavior, tastes of preferences. The specificity of modern demand is such that it is economically not profitable to produce a product designed for a universal level of requirements. It is advisable to create such products that would meet the specific requirements of a certain consumer contingent, depending on the demographic characteristics, living conditions, climatic and household characteristics. For example, it makes no sense to build a salon of fashionable clothes in urban slums, or to sell air conditioners on Calyme or on Alaska.

It is possible to use a differentiated approach to the study, the satisfaction and formation of the demand of various categories of consumers based on the so-called market segmentation, which considers the market not as a homogeneous mass, but as the sum of segments (sectors), in each of which the special nature of demand is manifested. Market segmentation involves working on customer typology, i.e., identifying the most important types of consumers and their specific requirements, depending on the demographic, socio-economic, psychological and other differences. For example, studies in the formation of population's demand for clothing indicates the presence of two main age groups that present various requirements for modern clothing. So the first group is youth - places elevated requirements for the aesthetic parameters, the appearance of clothing items, its correspondence to fashion, etc. The second group of older people is preference to ease of clothing used by materials. In this case, it is necessary to take care of the design of the store, age, field and external data of the seller. That is, it is necessary to calculate everything on the basis of the needs of that part of society with which the store has a store, a salon or industry.

Some species of any society are formed for years. They are transmitted from generation to generation and rooted in the subconscious of members of society. This is influenced by many factors, including a social structure, some natural resources, ideology. There are traditions and customs. All this refers to non-responsive factors in demand change.

More than once, I applied the word "demand" instead of the word "needs." The proximity of these concepts is obvious: Suppose the need passed the initiative stage and tolerate the heyday, then the demand for the object of this need, i.e., good, will increase. But the concept of "need" is much wider and more diverse.

Methods of forming needs are specific ways of using individual tools for active targeted impact on the needs of the population.

There are economic, socio-psychological and organizational assets and methods of forming needs.

Economic funds for the formation of needs include those related to the economic activities of society, individual enterprises and industries, as well as individuals as media needs. The main of these funds are: the production of goods, especially new, which causes to life and forms the needs of them; Progressive changes in the so-called consumption infrastructure (for example, gasification and electrification of life, the development of roads, computer networks, and other communication routes that bind residents of different areas, and simplify the transfer of information. This affects both the consumer themselves and their lifestyle Overall.

The social and psychological means of forming needs include those with the help of the impact on consumer consciousness. With the help of these funds, you can stimulate the development of some needs, limit socio-unpromising, irrational needs.

Organizational funds are associated with the process itself. These include exhibitions and sales, various kinds of locations of goods, exhibitions of products - new products, demonstration of clothing models.

Organizational funds are used in close cooperation with socio-psychological.

There are many methods and factors for forming needs. Business people beginners aimed at working with society, it is necessary to study the objective factors for the formation of the needs of this society, otherwise they may become victims of their lablems.

Questions and tasks for repetition

• 1. What needs relate to public?
• 2. What needs relate to individual?
• 3. What are the individual mental and physiological features of a person as a basis for requests and human needs.
• 4. What is the source of needs to develop?
• 5. Expand the problem of forming and developing social needs.

Social needs- a special kind of human needs - the need for something necessary to maintain the vital activity of the human personality, social group, society as a whole; Internal activity motion. There are two types of needs - natural and society created by society. Natural needs- This is the daily needs of a person in food, clothes, housing, etc.

Social needs- These are human needs in labor activity, socio-economic activity, spiritual culture, i.e., in everything that is a product of public life. Natural needs are the basis on which social needs arise are developing and getting satisfied. Needs act as a major motive that encourages the subject of activities to actually send to the creation of conditions and means of meeting its needs, i.e., on production activities.

No needs and can not be production. They are the initial perpetrator of a person to activities - express the dependence of the subject of activity from the outside world. Needs exist as objective and subjective links, as a need for the subject matter. Social needs include the needs related to the inclusion of an individual in the family, numerous social groups and teams, in various areas of production and non-industrial activities, in the life of society as a whole.

It is advisable to take into account the following most important "childbirth" needs, the satisfaction of which provides normal conditions for the reproduction of social groups (generality):

1) in the production and distribution of goods, services and information required to survive members of society;

2) in normal (relevant existing social norms) psychophysiological life support;

3) in knowledge and self-development;

4) in communications between members of society;

5) in simple (or expanded) demographic reproduction;

6) in the upbringing and training of children;

7) in monitoring the behavior of members of society;

8) in ensuring their safety in all aspects.

Social needs are not satisfied automatically, but only organized efforts of members of society, representing social institutions.

Theories of human needsA. Maslow andF. Herzberg . Theory of Labor Motivation of the American Psychologist and Sociologist Abraham Masuel(1908-1970) reveals human needs. Classified human needs, A. Maslow shares them on basis(need for food, safety, positive self-esteem, etc.) and derivatives, or metaway(in justice, well-being, the procedure and unity of social life, etc.).

Basic needsarranged according to the principle of the hierarchy in the upward order from the lower material to higher spiritual:

- Firstly, physiological and sexual needs - in reproduction of people, food, breathing, physical movements, housing, rest, etc.;

- Secondlyexistential needs - the need for safety of its existence, confidence in tomorrow, the stability of living and activity conditions, the desire to avoid unfair treatment, and in the work of labor - in guaranteed employment, insurance against accidents, etc.;

- third, social needs - in attachment, to the team, to communicate, concern about another and attention to itself, participation in joint work;

- fourth, prestigious needs - in respect from significant people, service growth, status, prestige, with knowledge and high assessment;

- fifth, spiritual needs are the need for self-expression through creativity.

Oil Abraham Harold- Professor Psi Chology in Brooklyn College and Massach School University. Combined academic activities with entrepreneurial, based on its own enterprise Maslow Cooperage Cor Portion. At the age of 18, A. Maslow entered the New York Siticolia. Father wanted the Son to become a lawyer, however, the legal career of the young man was absolutely not attracted. Interest in psychology has arisen in his penultimate college year, and the topic for the course work was chosen purely psychological. Systematic classes of psychology A. Masu began, enrolling in Cornell University.

Then he was transferred to the University of Wisconsin, where actively engaged in experimental studies of animal behavior. Created the so-called hierarchy of needs, the appointment of which initially consisted in explaining human behavior and which was quickly assumed to be armed with managers, since it made it possible to understand the features of motivation of employees. A. Maslow became one of the first management figures that used a humanistic approach to personnel instead of administrative. Considering that it is the personnel that becomes a key resource of successful companies, the model of the oil as the concept of management becomes more and more AK Tuala.

The advantage of the theory A. Masu was explained by the interaction of factors, in the opening of their motor spring, in the fact that he considered the needs of each new level relevant, pressing for the individual only after previously satisfied. In addition, A. Masau suggested that physiological, sexual needs and existential - congenital, and the rest are socially acquired.

The further development of the concept of A. Oil led to the conclusion that any individual has a non-one system of needs, but two, which are qualitatively different, independent of each other and affect the behavior of people in different ways.

First group- hygienic factors. They do not belong to the content of work, but conducive to comfortable working conditions and life, established organization of labor and work mode, providing employees with various benefits and housing. Factors contribute to the development of psychologically comfortable relationships between employees, and in the end - no high satisfaction with work or interest in it should be expected, but only no dissatisfaction.

Second groupfactors - motifs - satisfy from the point of view Frederick Herzberg (r. 1923), internal needs and include recognition and achieve success in work, interest in its content, responsibility, independence, etc. It is they who determine their satisfaction with the work and increase labor activity. Therefore, F. Herzberg believes, satisfaction is a function of the content of work, and dissatisfaction is the function of working conditions.

Herzberg Frederick- American psychologist, professor of management, has created his own theory of motivation, a specialist in the field of clinical psychology, professor of management at the University of Utah. Proceedings of Herzberg are on the main features of the personnel of a person working, but are popular with theorists and management practices, since they expand the knowledge of the personnel management and allow to optimize the work of workers. Herzberg created his own motivation theory, which can be divided into two parts - hygiene and motivation.

Under Herzberg hygiene implies policies and management methods in the company, working conditions, salary, degree of security; All these factors do not belong to improving productivity, but create moral satisfaction. The second part of the theory of motivation concerns the work itself, performing which the employee reaches certain results, receives recognition of others, is moving on the service staircase, increases its status, has the ability to engage in love. Managers must use both factors - the hygiene factor and the motivation factor, creating such working conditions so that the employee does not experience dissatisfaction.

If the employee can achieve results, get recognition, to find interest, move on the service staircase, then it will work with maximum return. True, Herzberg has another theory, which is called Kita (A Kick in the Ass - Pink under the ass). This theory reads: the easiest way to make a person to work is to give him Kita, because the improvement of hygiene (an increase in the salary, working conditions, the provision of additional benefits - pensions, paid vacations, etc.) does not give a long motivation effect. Motivation depends on the efficiency of the use of employees, and not on how they appeal with them.

The main schools of Western Sociology of Labor (F. Taylor, E. Mao, B. Skinner).Sociology of labor(In developed countries of the West, it is often referred to as industrial sociology) began to develop in 20-30x. XX century Exploring the problems associated with the social essence of labor, the industrial sociology is an important object of analysis puts socio-labor relations. One of the famous modern American sociologists F. Herzberg believes that Western sociology analyzed the three most important approaches to the study and regulation of production of workers.

First approach - scientific managementbased on developed at the beginning of the XX century. Theories of the American engineer Fred Taylor (1856-1915). According to the theory, human efficiency increases due to the information of the production task for the simplest operations that do not require complex labor skills. Plotual, piecework, progressive-premium wage systems caused an increase in labor productivity even elderly and lazy workers. Timing of working operations in order to save movements and simplify labor functions, a detailed description of each operation, thorough briefing, hourly pay and a system of bonuses (large premiums from enterprises received usually received one or twice a year for success in labor), assembly conveyors - all This scientific organization of production is widely and successfully used in industry and to this day.

Taylor FrederickWinslow is an outstanding American researcher and management managers, who placed the beginning of the scientific organization of labor and rationalization in the field of management, the founder of the management, a representative of the Scientific School of Management. From 1890 to 1893, Taylor is the chief manager of a manufactory investment company in Philadelphia, the owner of paper presses in Mane and Wisconsin, organized his own business consulting business, the first in the history of management. In 1906, Taylor is becoming president of the American Society of Engineers, and in 1911 he establishes the Society for Assistance to Scientific Management (later it received the name of Taylor's society). Since 1895, Taylor began its world-famous research on the organization of labor.

Taylor died on March 21, 1915 in Philadelphia from the inflammation of the lungs. On his tomb nomakun inscription: "Father of scientific management." Since 1895, Taylor began its world-famous research on the organization of labor. It is the creator of production planning as discipline. Taylor investigated the factors affecting productivity, and methods of a rational organization of working time. Based on the analysis of thousands of experiments, recommendations were formulated on the organization of industrial production and training. F. Tay Lor put forward the idea of \u200b\u200ba narrow specialization, allocated planning as the most important element of the organization of production and believed that professional managers should be engaged in production planning.

Basic work- "Principles of scientific management", 1911.

The beginning of the second approach of sociology to regulating the production behavior of workers was held in 20-30s. XX century American scientist Elton Mao (1880-1949) Famous Hawthorn Experiments in the "Western Electric Company" near Chicago. Studying the influence of various factors on improving the efficiency of production (conditions and organization of labor, for a liability fee, interpersonal relationships and the style of management, etc.), Elton Mao showed the role of the human and group factor.

In the concept of "human relations", Elton Mao emphasizes attention, firstly, on the fact that a person is a social animal, oriented and included in the context of group behavior; Secondly, the rigid hierarchy of subordination and bureaucratic organization are incompatible with the nature of man and his freedom; Thirdly, industry leaders must navigate to a greater degree of people than on products. This ensures the social stability of society and the satisfaction of the individual work. The second approach is called the management of human relations. It is from the second approach that the American Industrial Sociology began. In modern conditions, important problems of labor are examined within its limits and are practically developed.

Mao Elton- American psychologist, founder of the School of Human Relations in Management, Professor of Industrial Sociology at Harvard University, then Professor of Industrial Research of the Higher School of Business and Administration. I received a philosophical medical education in the UK, then financially in the United States. He led a number of research projects and experiments, including Philadelphia and Royal. He founded the movement "for the development of human relations."

One of the founders of the school of human relations. Put forward the idea of \u200b\u200bhumanization of labor at the industrial enterprise. The foundations of the organization's model laid as communities, and as its most important function, considered the function of meeting the social needs of a person in the context of the crisis of American society, the decay of the family, the fall in the role of traditional social institutions. He drew attention to the social nature of man (based on the thesis on a person as a social animal), as well as the importance of a small group, leadership and not a formal organization in the regulation of human behavior.

He proposed to emphasize in management at stimulating motivation and worker's interest in the content of activities. Doubted the versatility of the role of monetary remuneration as a motive activity. Emphasized the importance of intellectualization of performing functions, the maximum possible use of rich human potential, self-organization.

Hawthorn experiments- Working Group under the leadership of E. Mao at the Heporic Plants under Chicago in 1927-1932. conducted experiments to study the impact of various technical and social factors on labor productivity; Initially, the purpose of the study was to identify the connection between the level of illumination of the workplace and the level of productivity.

Hawthorn Vorsk.- Factory of Western Electric Company in Chicago, at these factories collected telephone equipment; The number of workers was 25 thousand people; In 1983, the company was closed.

Third approach to regulating the production behavior of workerslocated with the name of the American sociologist Berres Frederick Skinner and is named with situational management. Here are used material social motivating factors. The remuneration for work is carefully linked to the achievement of specific goals in the labor process, and the main concern for the manager was the assessment of the results of the employee's activities and the subsidy of material and moral incentives.

People constantly experience in certain conditions of life, material benefits, society. All this is necessary for a comfortable existence. But from our article you will learn what applies to the social needs of a person.

Briefly about what needs

In general, there are many needs classifications. Consider one of them:

1. Material. Related to obtaining certain means (goods, money or services), which are necessary for normal human life.
2. Spiritual needs. Help in the knowledge of themselves and the surrounding world, being. This is a desire for self-improvement, self-realization and development.
3. Social. All connected with communication. This includes the need for friendship, love and so on.

Needs are the engine, due to which humanity and society progress occurs.

Pyramid Maslow

American psychologist Abraham Masu created his own theory of the need for the needs of the need, on the example of which we can briefly run over seven steps, familiarize yourself with the needs of the person and their meaning in life.

So, let's start with the foundation:

• the physiological needs are primary important: food, drink, housing, and so on;
• the need to feel safe;
• the need to love and be loved, meaningful for certain people;
• need for success, recognition, approval;
• the need to obtain special skills and skills, in self-improvement, knowledge of the world and himself;
• the need is beautiful, namely: comfort, clean, order, beauty, and so on;
• peak in self-knowledge, evolution of abilities and talents, self-realization, searching for its path, implementing goals and objectives.

Now we have an understanding of the needs of people. They are forced to move forward, develop every individual individually and society as a whole. Next, we will find out in more detail what applies to social needs.

What are their importance?

The butter noted that the individual who did not satisfy the biological needs, simply would not be able to live and function as a healthy person. The same picture and social needs. Without their satisfaction, a person begins to doubt his own importance. It becomes weak, helpless, vulnerable and even humiliated.

This state causes a person to make immoral actions, splashing the aggression. Therefore, social needs, namely, the need for self-esteem, recognizing themselves with a person with self-esteem, supported by interpersonal relations, lead to successful self-realization and the acquisition of confidence. We will understand what needs relate to social.

Classification on features

Three categories allocate among social needs:

1. For yourself. This is a need for self-realization, finding your place in society, as well as the need to possess the authorities.
2. For others. The need for communication, the protection of weak, altruism. Its implementation occurs due to overcoming the egoistic category "for itself."
3. Together with others. This group of needs is characterized by the union of people in community to share problems. This is the need for security, freedom, replacing the rebellion, changing the current regime, in a peaceful environment.

The development of an individual is impossible without satisfaction. Let's talk about them in more detail. So, what applies to the social needs of the person?

All needs are divided into two types

Consider them:

1. Natural needs: food, drink, accommodation and so on.
2. Created by society: the need for work, public activity, spiritual formation and development, that is, in everything that will be a product of social life.

It is thanks to the first to form and implement the social needs that are the motive for prompt action. As soon as physical needs are satisfied, on the theory of Oil, the need for security comes to the fore.

What is her essence?

So, the needs of security also applies to social needs. After all, almost every person thinks about the future, analyzes the present and predicts events in advance to stay calm and confident in tomorrow. It is because of this need a person stretches to stability and constancy. Everyday routine and life he takes better than spontaneous changes and surprises, because his calm and a sense of security is disturbed. Thus, the social needs of a person belongs to the need for security.

For most people, it is of great importance in life. Because it has a strong effect on behavior, temper, feeling and well-being. Under it implies:

1. The main thing is physical safety (situation in society, imperfection of the legal sphere, unpreparedness to natural cataclysms, poor ecology).
2. Secondary - social insecurity in the field of health and education.

This need does not always act as an active force. It prevails only in situations with a critical level of danger, when mobilization of all forces to fight evil is required. For example, during hostilities, natural disasters, serious illness, economic crises, that is, during any circumstances that threaten unfavorable conditions. Go ahead. The social needs of a person belongs to the need for communication.

Why is it necessary?

Thanks to communication, the formation of personality occurs. A person will know the world, learns to evaluate actions, analyze situations, master moral norms, rules of behavior, which will then be used. Gets an indisputable life experience in society. And thus creates its own plants and moral principles, socialized, forms legal and political orientation. Therefore, the need for safety and communication is the most important conditions for human normal development.

What is it still valuable?

We already know that communication is related to social needs. It is thanks to him that the individual implements other needs, the main one of which is to receive support. After all, feeling belonging to significant people in society, a person finds confidence that he is recognized. In this case, the person is completely satisfied with communication and social support provided. Especially if they include the following aspects:

• positive emotional assistance, which gives confidence that a person loves and respected, refer to him sincerely;
• information assistance when there is access to all the necessary data on the world environment;
• evaluation support that allows us to analyze what is happening to learn the opinion of others to draw conclusions about your own judgments;
• physical and material support;
• exchange emotions, because if a person deprivates communication, he will not be able to share his problems, will not receive support, as a result of which deep depression may come.

It is through personality communication that such qualities as reliability, a sense of duty, hardness of nature are formed. As well as humanity, responsiveness, tact, honesty, kindness. An equally important function of communication is the formation of new interests in person. This is a impetus for self-improvement and development.

What is the scary of communication deficit?

A person has a feeling of unnecessaryness. Personality suffers, feels unattractive, feeling a sense of fear, anxiety, which often does not have grounds. Some uncomfortable in society due to bad relationship with others when they are separate from some social groups and contacts.

But this does not mean that to meet this need, a person needs to communicate constantly. Mature personality, which has durable friendly connections, not devoid of emotional support, having a significant social status, can be at rest for several hours. Therefore, it is important to learn to competent communication, to realize their desires through it and become a holistic personality. Now we know that the need to communicate relates to social needs, while it is no less important than the others.

Selfism

This group includes the needs that manifest themselves in the desire of a person to self-realize, apply their skills and skills in practice, find a worthy embodiment of talents. They are mostly individual.

So, the need for self-expression also applies. It is important when it is satisfied to show individual traits of character, reveal the laid potential. This need rationalizes the rest of the needs of the personality, filling them with a new meaning. In this case, the individual receives social significance.

What is valuable this need?

Free self-expression gives a ticket to a reliable future, in which there will be no doubt and problems. So why disclose talents laid by nature:

• the need for self-expression brings moral satisfaction, joy, positive emotions and a positive charge of energy;
• this is an excellent opportunity to get rid of chronic fatigue and negative;
• it expands the borders of self-knowledge, thereby developing positive character traits;
• raises self-esteem, gives confidence and forces for regular undertakings and conquer new peaks;
• it helps to find like-minded people with common interests, which makes it easier and makes a relationship with other people full-fledged.

The need for self-expression plays an important role in the life of the individual. After all, if a person fails to self-realize, it becomes clamped, compacted, with low self-esteem.

It is important to self-expression and in the profession. Especially if the work coincides with the hobby and brings a worthy income. It's just a dream of any person.

Self-expression in creativity gives a colossal charging positive. Do your favorite things in your free time, implement your talents, get recognition. It can be dancing, writing songs, poems, modeling, drawing, picture, whatever. If you discovered the artist's talent, experiment, try your skills in different directions.

You can also directly in emotions, appearance. This need allows you to find your place in life, your destination, reveal and implement hidden talents and the potential laid by nature.

So, from our article you learned what applies to social needs, and dealt with their significance in the period of the formation, development and formation of personality.

Types of social needs

Social needs are born in the process of human activity as a public subject. Human activity is an adaptive, converting activity aimed at the production of means of meeting certain needs. Since such activities acts as a practical application by a person of sociocultural experience, in its development it acquires the nature of universal public production and consumer activities. Human activity can be carried out only in society and through society, it is performed by a separate person in cooperation with other people and is a complex system of action defined by various needs.

Social needs arise in connection with the functioning of a person in society. These include the need for social activities, self-expression, ensuring social rights, etc. They are not asked by nature, are not laid genetically, and the entrance of the formation of a person as a person, its development as a member of society is born in the process of human activity as a public sub-kta.

A distinctive feature of social needs with all of their diversity is that they all advocate other people and are not a separate person, but groups of people, one way or another united. The overall need of a particular public group is not only complicated from the needs of individual people, but also itself causes the appropriate need from a separate person. The need for any group is not identical to the need for a separate person, and always in something and somehow different from it. A person belonging to a specific group relies on common needs with it, but the group forces it to obey its requirements, but obeying, it is among the dictating. So there is a complex dialectic of the interests and needs of a separate person, on the one hand, and those communities with which it is connected - on the other.

Social needs are the needs defined by society (society) as an additional mandatory needs. For example, to ensure the food process (basic need), social needs will be: chair, table, forks, knives, plates, napkins, etc. In various social groups, these needs are different and depend on the norms, rules, mentality, features of residence and other factors characterizing social culture. Together with this, the existence of the individual items that society considers the necessary, can determine its social status in society.

With a large variety of human social needs, it is possible to distinguish more or less distinctly distinguished individual levels of needs, each of which also shows its specificity, and its hierarchical ties with lower and higher. For example, to such levels can be attributed:

social needs of a separate person (as individuals, individuality) - they act as a ready-made, but also a changing product of social relations;

social needs of family-related - in different cases they are more or less wide, concrete and strong and most closely adjacent to the needs of biological;

social needs are universal - arise, as a person, thoughts and acting individually, at the same time includes its activities in the activities of other people, society. As a result, an objective need appears in such actions and states that simultaneously provide individual and community with other people, and its independence, i.e. Existence as a special personality. Under the influence of this objective need, the needs of a person who guides and regulating his behavior in relation to themselves and to other people, to their social group, to society as a whole;

the need for justice on the scale of mankind, society as a whole the essence of the need for improving, "correction" of society, in overcoming antagonistic public relations;

social needs for the development and self-development, improving and self-improvement of a person belong to the highest level of the human needs hierarchy. To each person, in one degree or another, the desire to be healthier, smart, good, beautiful, strong, etc.

Social needs exist in an infinite diversity of forms. Not trying to present all the manifestations of social needs, we classify these groups of needs for three signs:

the needs of "for others" are the needs expressing the generic essence of a person, i.e. The need to communicate, the need to protect the weak. The most concentrated need "for others" is expressed in Altruism - in the need to sacrifice themselves in the name of another. The need for others is implemented, overcoming the eternal selfish principle "for itself." The existence and even "cooperation" in one person of opposing trends "for themselves" and "for others" are possible as long as we are not about individual and not about the deep needs, but about the means to meet those or others - about the needs of the service and their derivatives. The claim even on the most significant place "for yourself" is easier to implement if it is possible not to touch the claims of other people if possible;

the need for ourselves is the need for self-affirmation in society, the need for self-realization, the need for self-identification, the need to have its place in society, in the team, the need of power, etc. The needs of "for themselves" because they are called social, that they are inextricably linked with the needs of "for others", and only through them can be implemented. In most cases, the needs of "for themselves" act as an allegorical expression of the needs of "for others"; The needs of "together with others" combine people to solve the urgent problems of public progress. A good example: the invasion of the German-fascist troops into the territory of the USSR in 1941 was a powerful incentive for the organization of releasing, and this need was universal.

Ideological needsare among the purely social needs of a person. This is the needs of a person in the idea, in explaining life circumstances, problems, in understanding the causes of occurring events, phenomena, factors, in a conceptual, systemic vision of the picture of the world. The implementation of these needs is carried out through the use of data from natural, social, humanitarian, technical and other sciences. As a result, a person has a scientific picture of the world. By learning a person of religious knowledge, he has a religious picture of the world.

Many people under the influence of ideological needs and in the process of their implementation are developing a multi-pole, mosaic picture of the world with a predominance, as a rule, the scientific picture of the world in people with secular education and religious people - in people with religious education.

Need fairnessit is one of the updated needs and functioning in society. It is expressed in the ratio of rights and obligations in the consciousness of a person, in its relationship with the public environment, in collaboration with the social environment. In accordance with his understanding of what is fair, and what is unfair, a person assesses the behavior, actions of other people.

In this regard, a person can be oriented:

to defend and expand primarily their rights;

for the predominant fulfillment of their duties towards other people, the social sphere in general;

for a harmonious combination of their rights and obligations in solving a person of social and professional tasks.

Aesthetic needsplay an important role in human life. The implementation of the aesthetic aspirations of the personality is influenced not only by external circumstances, living conditions and human activity, but also internal, personal prerequisites - motifs, ability, volitional preparedness of the personality, an understanding of the canons of beauty, harmony in perception and carrying out behavior, creative activity, life in general According to the laws of beauty, in the appropriate attitude to the ugly, low-albele, ugly, violating natural and social harmony.

Active long life is an important term of the human factor. Health is an essential prerequisite for the knowledge of the surrounding world, to self-affirmation and self-improvement of a person, so the first and most important human needs are health. The integrity of the human person is manifested primarily in the relationship and interaction of the psychic and physical forces of the body. The harmony of the psychophysical forces of the body increases health reserves. To replenish your health reserves is necessary through rest.