How bright you want to illuminate the room? Take advantage of our recommendations to determine which power of the lamp must be selected to correctly light the room.

The dependence of the brightness of the illumination on the size of the room (for incandescent bulbs):

Room Square, sq.m:	Bright light	Medium light	Low light
1 sq.m.	20 W.	20 W.	15 W.
from 2 to 5 sq.m.	40 - 100 W	40-100 W.	20 - 60 W
from 6 to 9 sq.m.	120 - 180 W	100-160 W.	60 - 100 W
10 sq.m.	200 W.	180 W.	120 W.
12-14 sq.m.	240 - 280 W	200-240 W.	120-160 W.
15 sq.m.	300 W.	255 W.	160 - 180 W
20 sq.m.	400 W.	340 W.	220 W.
25 sq.m.	500 W.	425 W.	280 W.
from 30 sq.m.	from 600 W.	from 510 W.	from 340 W.

Take advantage of our calculator to determine which power should be light bulbs (for different types of lamps):

Lighting power calculator

On the indicators of stability and performance, as well as the health of any person, constantly or periodically located in one or another room, the illumination has a huge impact. Therefore, it is extremely important to choose such power lamps so that the illumination of the room is as comfortable and comfortable for people.

The illumination is called a physical value that is numerically equal to the light flow that falls per unit of the surface under consideration. Or, in other words, the illumination is a surface density of the light flow falling on the area. The luxury lights are measured.

As for the inner illumination of the premises, it is rigidly regulated today by labor protection regulations for any enterprise (in particular, SNiP 23-05-95). At the same time, production premises must have daylight (For what they are equipped with windows), as well as a variety of sources of artificial light of sufficient power. There should also be an internal illumination of premises by no more than 5% lower than the outer illumination of the building.

In this formula: P - the specific capacity for the lighting of the room is measured in W / m2 (often used in calculations in this quality standard value, equal to 20 W / m2),
S - the area of \u200b\u200bthe room under consideration, measured in square meters,
And n - the number of fixtures installed here.

Naturally, this method is completely not accurate and has many errors. The results that can be obtained with it will be only approximate - if only because for premises for various purposes, the degree of illumination should also be different.

Moreover, different types LAMPS, which today there is a lot of, of course also have different lighting indicators. So, use the standard value of the specific power on the lighting equal to twenty, is simply inappropriate. In any case, when it comes to the use of LED modern sources of artificial light.

Thus, to calculate the illumination, both production and residential premises, provided that any type of lamps here: from ordinary incandescent lamps to LED, much more useful and more convenient to use our specialized calculator. In order for the illumination of one or another room, it is calculated correctly, you should specify the necessary parameters for the calculator.

Used when calculating the parameters, this is:

• the size of the room in which sufficient lighting is necessary. Length, width, height and reflection coefficients, walls and ceiling;
• lamps. The distance between any working surface and the light source, the lamp utilization factor:
• type and power of lamps;
• light norms for one or another room.

When calculating the illumination of the room, you should pay attention to the fact that the lighting is divided into the main and local. The main lighting is the upper light that gives lighting to the entire space of the room. Local lighting is the flooring, table lamps Or sconce, a variety of lamps. The intensity of the light stream, as well as the brightness and the power of light, different sources of artificial illumination differ significantly from each other.

If we are talking about the illumination of residential premises, as sources of the main (or main) light, it is more expedient to use chandeliers and lamps with universal beams made of matte glass, which make the light slightly scattered and soft, evenly spreading it all over the room. But in the event that it is necessary to illuminate a separate part of the room, the ideal option A specially selected lamp can become a special lamp on the flask of which the reflective surface layer was applied. Lighting created by such a lamp due to this surface will be more local. If people with weak vision live in the house, it is also desirable to take into account this in the process of calculating the illumination of the premises, increasing the value of the required power of the light source.

High floor reflection coefficients, walls and ceiling contribute to creating comfortable conditions for work and life. When calculating the light, it should also be remembered that too strong intensity and the brightness of light poorly affects vision, and work, and to live in such a room will be difficult and uncomfortable.

Subject to a clear observance of all these requirements and nuances, you can make the most faithful and accurate calculation of the illumination of any industrial or residential premises, and based on it is optimal to choose types lED lampsthat will be installed in this room.

In the electrician there is such a thing as calculation of room lighting. This calculation is the foundation

the entire lighting part of the wiring, so it should be paid special attention. In this Tautier we will analyze in detail:

• Why do it calculation of room lighting?
• What should be paid attention to, and what needs to be taken into account when planning lighting.
• What are the norms of illumination of residential premises?
• How to calculate the illumination of the room, an example of calculation

Now, about everything in order.

Why make the calculation of lighting?

First of all, this calculation is necessary, to create sufficient illumination of the room, which in turn provides favorable and comfortable conditions For life and human health.

The lack of lighting or its excessibility causes a strong stress of the eye, fast fatigue and has a negative psychological pressure, which adversely affects the human health as a whole.

What should pay attention to the planning of the room lighting?

Perfect lighting for our eyes, is the natural natural light (day, morning or evening Sun., Sun behind the clouds).

The main task of calculating the illumination of the room is the maximum approximation of artificial lighting to natural. To artificial lighting, there is such a light that a person has the ability to manage.

Electric light, is artificial, it is obtained as a result of the transformation of electrical energy into one of the types of electromagnetic radiation, which is perceived by the human eye as light. It is such a transformation that takes place inside the lamps installed in the housings of lighting electrical installations (lamps, chandeliers, sconces, lamps, and so on).

• Incandescent lamp (Ilyich Lamp)
• Halogen lamp
• Fluorescent Lamp
• Compact luminescent lamp
• Gas discharge lamp

Each of these lamps has its own characteristics, features, advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, making the choice towards a specific lamp need to take into account the following things:

• Power lamp
• Light flow
• Color reproduction

This data is indicated by the manufacturer on the lamp package, leaning on them, we can choose the required illumination for a particular room.

Power lamp - determines the number of electricity consumed by the lamp, is measured in wats (W)

Light flow - The amount of light radiated lamp is measured in lumens (LM).

Color reproduction - consists of color temperatures and shade. The color temperature is measured in the range from the red 1800 K - to the blue 16,000 to the color. Measured in Kelvin (K). The shade, for most types of lighting lamps, may be warm or cold light, sets the overall tonality of the light flux.

Table color reproduction of some light sources.

Table №1

Light source	Kelvin (K)
Candle	1500-2000
	2200
	2680
	2800
200 W Power Incandescent Lamp
Halogen lamp
Fluorescent warm white light lamp
Sun on the horizon	3400
Luminescent White Light Lamp	3500
Fluorescent Cold White Light Lamp	4000
Sun at noon	5500
Fluorescent daylight lamp	5600-7000

The smaller the value, the chroma is closer to red, the more, the closer to the blue. For example, familiar to us all 100 watt incandescent lamp has a color of 2800 K.

Now, let's talk about such concepts as light stream and light return.

Luminous flux - the amount of light emitted by the lamp.

Light returns - the ratio of the light stream to power (lumens per watt, lm / W), the effectiveness of the lighting ability of the lamp, as well as its economy.

For clarity, the luminous return table of some light sources is given below.

Table number 2. Light stream and light returns of some types of lamps.

View of the lamp	Light stream (lumens, lm)	Light return (LM/ WT)
10 W Power Incandescent Lamp	50	5
Incandescent lamp with a capacity of 25 W	220	8,8
40 W incandescent lamp	415	10,4
60 W Power Incandescent Lamp	710	11,8
75 W Power Incandescent Lamp	935	12,5
100 W incandescent lamp	1340	13,4
Halogen incandescent lamp on voltage 230 V, 42 W	625	15
Halogen incandescent lamp to voltage 230 V, with a capacity of 55 W	900	16
Halogen incandescent lamp on voltage 230 V, with a capacity of 70 W	1170	17
36 W fluorescent lamp	2850-3350	71-84
LED lamp with a capacity of 10 W, color temperatures 4500 K	860	86

From the table it is clear how different the indicators of various lamps. That is why, the choice should be paid special attention.

Also, high-quality role in the illumination of the room is played by lighting structures in which the selected lamps (chandelier, lamp, sconce) will be installed.

Here, the main factors are:

• Place installation (on the wall or ceiling),
• Installation height,
• The presence of decorative plafones, their transparency,
• Where the lamp is directed in the lamp (up, down, lump).

Open lamp, gives more light flux than lamp closed with opaque flange. The higher from the floor the lamp is installed, the greater the light, respectively, the lamp mounted on the ceiling will illuminate the area greater than the lamp mounted on the wall.

It is worth noting one more very important momentwhich must be taken into account when calculating the illumination of the room. Color of walls and furniture. It's no secret that light colors reflect the light, and the dark absorb. When using dark color solutions In design, be prepared for losses of illumination due to color.

Residential Light Norms

In order to know how much a specific room requires lighting, the main construction department has developed special regulatory rules that are written in the documentation called SNiP (building standards and rules). Below, in the table, there are norms of illumination of residential premises, according to these rules.

It is worth clarifying that under the concept of illumination implies the required amount of light flux by 1 square meter premises. Lights are measured in suites (LC).

Below is a table illumination of residential premises according to SNiP requirements. Using its values, it is possible to easily independently perform a fairly simple calculation. How to execute it Consider on a specific example after the table.

Table number 3. Norms of illumination of residential premises, according to SNiP

Room	Illumination rate (LC)
Elevator shaft	5
Passage of technical floor
Pass attic
Passage passage
Ventilation camera
Heat
Pumping
Electrical
Wheelchair	30
Bicycle
Stairs	20
Concierge room	150
Bathroom
Restroom
Shower room
Billiard room	300
Gym	150
Banya
Pool
Dressing room
Walk-in closet	75
Used room	300
Hall apartment	50
Corridor Apartments
Cabinet	300
Library
Children's room	200
Kitchen	150
Living room	150
Lobby	30

Calculation of the illumination of the room, an example of calculation

Let me remind you that the light is measured in suites, 1 luxury \u003d 1 Lumen per meter square

As an example, we will perform the calculation of the illumination of the kitchen, an area of \u200b\u200b7 meters square.

Turn to Table # 3, the lighting rate of 1 square meter of the kitchen is 150 lux.

150 Lux * 7 m 2 \u003d 1050 lk

It turns out that for lighting the kitchen, we will need illumination in 1050 LCs.

And since 1 LC \u003d 1 LM / m 2, it turns out that the lighting of a kitchen with an area of \u200b\u200b7 meters will require a light stream of 1050 lm.

Now, we select the lamps in Table 2, which will be used in the kitchen lamp, suitable for us by the amount of calculated light flux.

Suppose the lighting of the kitchen we want to make incandescent lamps. We look at Table # 2, which corresponds to a light stream of 1050 lm. The usual incandescent lamp with a capacity of 75 W issues 935 lm, which almost corresponds to the result obtained in the calculations. Alternatively, it is also possible to use a halogen incandescent lamp to voltage 230 V, with a capacity of 70 W, its light stream is 1170 lm.

Before we do the final choice, you need to consider two more points:

1. Color reproduction lamp
2. Configuration of the lamp

Color reproduction of incandescent lamps made in standard version (with transparent glass), always equals the same value of 2750 K, has the same shade of light. Therefore, here we do not choose anything. But, if, for example, our choice fell on a compact fluorescent lamp, here, here it would be necessary to choose the shade of light cold or warm and color reproduction. For cold shade lamps - color reproduction starts from of blue color Before white, for lamps of a warm shade - from white to red.

Now, we will analyze the configuration of the lamp. Suppose our lamp will have a matte plander, which will close the lamp. Here, it is worth considering that such a plafof has its pros and cons. To the pros, relate to the soft distribution of the luminous flux around the room. By minuses, some loss of light, due to its refraction of the ceiling.

How to be? We turn to Table # 2 again, we look at the next value of the light stream of the lamps selected in the most side. The next, after a lamp 70 W (935 lm,) there is an incandescent lamp with a power of 100 W, the light stream of which is 1340 lm. Choose this lamp, it compensates for the loss of the light stream in the lamp flower.

I want to celebrate another very important point. Before choosing lamps for the lamp, you need to look at how much watts is calculated by its cartridge. As a rule, on the cartridge there is a sticker or an inscription with such information. Especially, this is relevant when used in lamps of incandescent lamps and halogen lamps, as they also produce heat in addition to light. For example, if in the cartridge, calculated on the maximum lamp of 60 W, set the lamp with a power of 100 W, then it melt.

Let's summarize the calculations we produced

By calculating the lighting of the kitchen room, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 7 square meters, we found that to illuminate a particular room, according to the REDU norms, there will be enough illumination of 1050 lux.

In this room there will be a single ceiling lamp with a matte flange. Taking into account the configuration of the lamp, it was decided to increase the lamp power from 75 to 100 W.

According to the results of the calculations, an incandescent lamp of 100 W will be installed in the kitchen ceiling light.

Thanks to the calculations made, we received sufficient illumination of the room, which is uniquely favorably reflected on the health and comfort of people in it.

Despite all the achievements of modernity, the best lighting is provided to us. It remains to be achieved by the indicator of natural light as close as possible to the ideal. Comfortable lighting in the house creates a favorable environment for creativity, for recreation, for work. In addition, the wrong light can adversely affect health. And to avoid adverse effects, you need to approach this topic with the mind.

When calculating the illumination of the room, the number of luminaires and lamps is taken into account, or rather, the power of lighting objects is calculated. But do not forget that there are a number of some factors affecting the value of power.

In this article:

What factors need to be considered when calculating

The most common circumstances that are taken into account when counting. We have prepared them in the form of questions. So:

1. What is the premises (children's room, kitchen, bathroom, office or other)?
2. What is the height of the ceiling?
3. What is the floor and its color gamut made from? It is also important to know what coloring furniture in the room?
4. Are there in the room of the mirror?

Now we will deal with each item separately. In order for the light in the room was pleasant and did not cut vision, it is necessary to calculate the lighting power, based on the purpose of the room. Thus, the diagram of the lamps used in the living room or the kitchen is definitely not suitable for the bedroom. It is due to the fact that in the bedroom simply will be too bright. Conversely, the light used in the bedroom will be too dull for the kitchen.

The height of the ceiling plays an important role. The standard ceiling height reaches 3 meters. If the ceiling is above this mark and reaches 4 meters, with calculations, all the results are multiplied by 1.5. For ceilings, whose height exceeds 4 meters, the results are multiplied by 2.

The color gamut rooms are also taken into account. The room where the dark palette of paints prevails, will require more sources of lighting. When counting, special indexes are used. Only with their help you can correctly subtract the desired amount of Watt.

Mirrors have a property to reflect light. And that the light reflected from the mirrors does not interfere with a comfortable stay in the room, they must be taken into account when calculating.

What should be known when calculating?

At first, we define what method will be calculated. There are two methods:

Methods of formulas and certain norms are distinguished. And the main difference from each other is the unit of measure. In the first case, the unit of measurement is Watt, in the second - lumens.

Electrical Power Calculation Method

This method is though used more often than light, but, nevertheless, it is not the most accurate. Its popularity is due to the fact that it is quite simple in the calculation. All you need to know this:

1. Room area;
2. Required power.

So, how many watts per square meter is needed? We will proceed to calculate. The area is calculated by the school formula. The area is equal to the work of both sides. Then you should multiply the area to the amount of Watt required (20 W is the standard). The resulting number is considered overall power.

To calculate how light bulbs are required, you need to divide the total power to the power of the lamp itself.

For example: the indicator of the total power will say, equal to 300, and the light bulbs used with a capacity of 60 W. 300/60 \u003d 5 light bulbs are necessary for proper lighting.

Here are the power for incandeship lamps, with which we are all familiar. This does not mean that users more modern and economical lamps need more than their number. It should be remembered that on the packaging of budget light bulbs, indicated what the corresponding power in terms of incandescent lamps is indicated.

Method for calculating light power

Calculation in lumens is definitely closer and more accurate, but for some reason it is practical for some reason. Many refuse him because of its complexity. But if you are in the essence, it can be noted that the complexity is consigned in units of measurement. Measurement is carried out in lumens. That is, this method shows how many light flux will have one square meter.

The calculation occurs on the same principle as before. The area is taken, multiplies with the light we need, so we learn the power of the light flux, which brings one square meter (however, it is considered in suites). Next to find out the total capacity, we multiply the area on the already known power of the light flux. The total capacity is now indicated as a lumen. Now you yourself see that the method is complex, only because of the measurements are made in lumens and suites.

If the answer when calculating is not an integer, then it must be rounded into the biggest. So, if the answer is 4.6, it is rounded 5. This is due to the fact that it is better to exceed a little normal than further resorting to additional lighting devices.

The uniform arrangement of lighting devices around the perimeter has a positive effect on the quality of illumination. In this case, a larger amount of light bulbs are taken, but less power.

As you have already noticed, a five-grader will cope with the calculations. But the main thing in this business is to know all the factors affecting the lighting. Thus, with the help of the right approach and loyal calculations, you can comfortably and pleasantly illuminate the house.

So that in the room it was comfortable to be at any time of the day, it is important to achieve not only high-quality natural, but also artificial lighting. Compare with the quality of natural light is difficult, but still you can try. To do this, you need to know how to calculate the light stream.

Why calculate the illumination?

Regardless of which lamp and the lamp in it is used, the calculation of the lighting is recommended separately for each room, taking into account the lamps used, lamps, colors and type of decoration. Only by correctly placing the lighting devices in the desired quantity, it will be possible to achieve a harmonious effect. This is necessary for:

1. Comfortable location and livelihoods.
2. Works of the auditorium of a person depending on the tasks performed by it.
3. Exceptions to reduce visual acuity.

In the process of assessment into account take:

• Illumination, measurement is made in lumens. This parameter is considered the most important, because it affects the value of the light flux, which is distributed around the room.
• Brightness, main meter - suites.
• The power of light in Kandela.

Opinion expert

Alexey Bartosh

Specialist in repair, maintenance of electrical equipment and industrial electronics.

Ask a question expert

Important! The optimal illumination parameter is important for human health. The disadvantage or oversupply of light has an impact not only for visual acuity, but also for a psychological state. As a result, impassable, disorder and general deterioration of the state.

The difference of natural artificial lighting

The best lighting for human eye is natural, that is, daytime, morning, evening, including what comes from the sun behind the clouds. Light from lamps - artificial, it is formed as the result of transformation into electromagnetic radiation of electrical energy. The key task of calculating the room lighting is an approximation of artificial light (regardless of the type of lamps used) to the natural one.

Methods of calculation

Calculate the required and sufficient light flux will be able to be one of three methods:

1. Specific power. Used to estimate overall lighting. For complete power, multiply regulatory data (specific power) to the room area is required. In order to correctly determine the regulatory indicator, it is necessary to consider: type of lamps, the purpose of the room, the distribution of lamps on the wall and ceiling. At the same time, after calculations, a convenient and comfortable configuration and light conditions for humans are determined.
2. Application ratio. To begin with, the location of light sources with a light-up to the configuration of the room and the ability to reflect or absorb light. According to the formula, it is envisaged to multiply the lighting standard on the room area on the reserve coefficient and the MIN light coefficient. All this is divided into multi-dimensions multiplied together and.
3. Point. This method is considered suitable for any room, it can be used, for the miscalculation of light sources on the street. To obtain results, an assessment of illumination is carried out at individual points that light falls. In this case, the lighting devices can be placed as you like. The assessment is carried out in key points for the user. Especially relevant such technique in the rooms, where on the walls dark finish and complex ceiling configuration.

These methods in the implementation are not very complex, but still there is a method much easier, it is presented below.

The choice of the calculation method depends on the type of lamps used

Simple method of calculation

The proposed calculation option is more suitable for the placement of the correct shape - square or rectangular. The illumination is measured in suites (LC), the miscalculation of the parameter of the light stream will consist of two stages:

1. Calculation of a solid light flux that is required to illuminate a room with a certain quadrature.
2. Determining the number of light sources.

In the first step, we calculate the required parameter of the light flux for the room. The miscalculation is made by the formula:

SVP \u003d x * y * z, where

X - Regulatory illumination for room. You can find these standards in the list below.

Y - Room Square in m².

Z - correction coefficient taking into account the height of the ceilings. So, for ceilings with a height of up to 2.7 m, this parameter \u003d 1, for 2.7-3 - indicator 1.2, for rooms with a ceiling of 3-3,5m - 1.5, for the room over 3.5 - coefficient 2 .

Regulations for premises in the house:

1. Corridor, hallway - 50-75 LC.
2. Pantry - 50 LC.
3. Kitchen - 150 Luke.
4. Any living room - 150 LC.
5. Children's - 200 LC.
6. Bathroom - 50 LC.
7. Cabinet or library - 300 LC.
8. Staircase - 20 lk.
9. Sauna, swimming pool - 100 Luke.

How much lights need depends on the purpose of the room

The second stage will help determine the number of light sources, in this case we take lED bulbs. Approximate indicators for which you can navigate:

Examples

Initial data:

1. Children's room with an area of \u200b\u200b25 square meters. m.
2. Ceiling height - 3 m.
3. It is planned to use lamps of 8 W.

First stage:

200 (x) * 25 (y) * 1,2 (z) \u003d 6000 lm

Lamps that will be used 10 W, their light stream, declared by the manufacturer of 900 lm. That is, the required amount is 6000/900 \u003d 6.66. Rounding gives the number of 7 lamps.

If you use light-power lighting lamps, for example, 4 watts place them around the perimeter of the room on the walls, then 13 light bulbs will be required. In this case, the distribution of light will be more uniform. It also should also take into account the type of lamp used, its design and interior solution.

Quality of lighting for children is especially important

Similar calculations will be able to carry out for both incandescent and luminescent lamps, table will help in the calculations:

Calculate for the same room. Incandescent lamps need:

1. 60 W - 6000/700 \u003d 8.57, rounded - 9 pcs.
2. 75 W - 6000/900 \u003d 6.66, rounded - 7 pcs.
3. 100 W - 6000/1200 \u003d 5 pcs.

Fluorescent lamps:

• 10-12 W - 6000/400 \u003d 15 pcs.
• 15-16 W - 6000/700 \u003d 8.57, rounded 9 pcs.
• 18-20 W - 6000/900 \u003d 6.66, rounded 7 pcs.

These calculations are given by relying on the norms of still Soviet SNIPs, so experts recommend multiplying the result of the ratio of 1.5-2, depending on the premises and interior decisions.

Tip! To not count with your own hands, you can use special devices, such as Cromatest. This device helps measure the intensity of light. Another device is a luxmeter, the main component of which selenium photocell. You can also contact specialized companies that will assist in the calculation for a certain remuneration.

The difference between the color temperatures of the lamp

What should be considered when calculating?

Before spending any calculations, it should be determined which lamp will be used. At the moment available options LAMM:

1. Incandescent.
2. Halogenic.
3. Luminescent: compact or linear.
4. LED: lamps, ribbons or spotlights. In the case of S. lED ribbon The density of the placement of LEDs is important. You can find out this parameter, considering the tape carefully.

The type of lighting device is also influenced, primarily on the dispersion of light, the place of use. Any of these light sources is characterized by such parameters that the light stream can be measured. Specifically:

• Power. This is the amount of energy that consumes the lamp, the unit of measurement W.
• Light flow. As already mentioned this amount of light that emits.
• The heating of the housing is used for incandescent and halogen lamps.
• Color reproduction. This parameter includes: colorful temperature and shade. The first point is from red to blue (1800-16000 Kelvin). Tint for modern lamps warm or cold. It is he who asks the general perception of illumination.

Color reproduction different types LAMM:

1. Incandescent lamp - from 2200 to 3000 Kelvinov (K).
2. Halogen - 3000 K.
3. Fluorescent lamp (warm light) - 3000k.
4. Luminescent lamp (white light) - 3500 K.
5. Day fluorescent lamp - 5600-7000K.

Important! The smaller the color temperature, the closer to the red, the more, the closer to the blue.

Two more important parameters: Light flow and light return. The first is the amount of light that the lamp emits, the second is the ratio of the light stream to the power - LM / W, that is, how effective it is economical.

Formula for calculating light flux

When selecting a lamp and calculations, it is important to consider such factors:

• The location of the lamp. Options - ceiling or wall.
• Installation height in case of wall mounting.
• Transparency of plafones and availability decorative elements on them.
• Light direction: up, down, to the side.
• The color of the walls, furniture: light reflect light, dark absorb.

Inaccuracies and errors: what they are connected with

Difficulties arise when during the planned repair is replaced by some lamps onto the other, the change of lamps, the ceiling and walls are mounted new finish. All this affects the calculations. The main problem is not taken into account the reflection coefficient of surfaces. The reduction of the light stream affects:

1. Dark wallpaper.
2. Laminate, linoleum shade is darker than it was before.
3. Suspended or stretch ceiling, its type and reflective ability.

All these moments relate to general lighting, as locally, for example, in work zone Behind the writing light is enough. This is understandable, because in such sites, individual lighting devices are most often mounted.

In order not to be mistaken, it should be borne in mind what kind of reflection coefficient has each color. Thus, white surfaces reflect 70%, other light by 50%, gray - 30%, black - 0%.

Often, when calculating the reference point takes a slope, but do not forget that they have been developed in Soviet times. To begin with, at that moment there were no modern light sources, the second point - there was no particular concern for the comfort of stay in the room and the condition of the eyes.

Remember, if there are a lot of lamps, then you can reduce their number, especially if you mount your switch for each lighting group.

Output

Calculate the light stream is easy, but it is important to take into account many moments: the type of lamp, the color of the ceiling, walls, floor, even the shade of furniture. It is important to remember that it is better than the light sources that can be controlled than saving.

In the evening with the onset of twilight, and with the unsuccessful position of windows and day, it has to include lamps, and the question arises, how to calculate the illumination of the roomto save on electricity and do not sit in the dark.

How to calculate the illumination of the room right?

Comfort in the house is not only a pleasant microclimate, pleasing the interior and crackling in the corner of the fireplace. Highly great importance When creating comfort, it has the correct distribution of the lamps in order to provide non-tiring illumination or soft twilight. IN great room It is possible zoning with the help of light sources, in a small can be enough to distribute them along the levels of height, for example: lamb, sconce and chandelier. But, in any case, in each device, you must insert the most appropriate light bulb. You will have to choose from a dozen different optionsSo that it is not too bright or dim.

When choosing the optimal level of room lighting, it is necessary to rely on factors such as the presence or absence of mirrors, the color gamut of the room decoration, the color of furniture (dark or light). Even the height of the ceilings when choosing a light bulb for chandelier will play a role. It should also be remembered that the lighting should correspond to the prescription. In the bedroom best option There will be muffled light, in the working office, the bright light will only need in the desk area, it is better to use in the living room different variants. Illumination power is usually accepted per square meter, an example can be seen in the table below.

Generally accepted illumination rates when placing ceiling height no more than 3 m

The simplest way to calculate the illumination of the room is the formula P \u003d (p. S) / n, wherein p. is a specific power, as a rule received for 20 W / m 2, S. - room area, and N. - Number of lamps. However, this formula will give only an approximate digit and will not show a reliably need to add or, on the contrary, to reduce the brightness of light. Start with the fact that the specific power for each room is its own, and may vary depending on what type of light bulb is inserted into the cartridge. You can make sure you can look into the table.

What should be taken into account when calculating the necessary brightness of the lamps?

So, we considered the simplest method of calculating the possible power of illumination in the room. But, again, this is the total power. You can screw 2 light bulbs of 100 W or 4 light bulbs to 50, allocating them with a wider front. What will change? The number of light sources. It is logical that placing a two-barked and very bright chandelier in the center of the room, sitting to her back at the table, you will see your shadow on the working surface. And it is easy to guess that the placement of 4 lamps with a total capacity, an identical previous option for different areas of the room, including the working, will give much more effect.

Before calculating the number of lamps, you should take into account the height of the ceiling and the working surface. The above is the table of the brightness of the lighting of the room for ceilings up to 3 meters. And if they are much higher? Then the same indicators should be multiplied by 1.5, and after 4 meters - at 2. Ideally, it would be necessary to take into account when calculating and natural lighting sources, that is, but to recalculate the amount of lumen penetrating through them is hardly possible. But for lamps it is quite feasible if you use the table.

A source	Power (Watt)	Light flow (lumen) (FL)	Middle service life (clock)
Incandescent lamp Warm white light	15 25 40 60 75 100	90 230 430 730 960 1380	1000
Halogen lamp 12 V Warm white light	20 35 50 75	340 670 1040 1280	2000 - 4000
Halogen lamp 220 V Warm white light	100 150 200 300 400 500	1650 2600 3200 5000 6700 9500	2000 - 4000
Luminiscent lamp Warm white light Cold white light Neutral white light	4 6 8 13 15 16 18 36 58	120 240 450 950 950 1250 1350 3350 5200	7500 - 8500
Mercury lamp Warm white light Neutral white light	50 80 125 250 400	2000 4000 6500 14000 24000	8000 - 12000
Sodium lamp Yellow light	35 50 70 100 150 250 400	2000 3500 5600 9500 15500 30000 51500	8000 - 10000
Metal halogen lamp Warm white light Cold white light	39 75 150	3000 5100 12500	6000 - 9000

So pay attention not to external factorsAnd on the internal, that is, the light of the lamps and its interaction with the finish. The matte coating of furniture and walls has a property of absorbing light rays, and glossy, as you know, reflects them. The same with flowers, darker require bright lighting and vice versa. The specific power of the previously presented formulas must be taken, based on all listed factors, and the following table will help.

Room

Medium power

Direct lighting

Mixed lighting

Indirect lighting

Finishing of the room

light

dark

light

dark

light

dark

For incandescent bulbs

Parishion

Cabinet, living room

Bedroom

Bathroom, kitchen

Pantry

Basement, attic

For luminescent lamps

Hall, staircase

Bathroom, Kitchen, Living Room

Storeroom, basement, attic

How to calculate the number of lamps on the room?

So, we know the height of the ceiling, let's say, 3.2 meters, in the office we have a table with a height of 80 centimeters. How to determine how much light sources need? No need to do here simple methodTherefore, we use a more complex option for which a number of formulas will be required. And it will have to operate in addition to Watt with such units of measurement as suite and lumens. First of all, calculating the room area according to the standard path S \u003d.a.b.where a. and b. - The lengths of the adjacent sides of the room. Suppose the required value will be 12 m 2.

Next, you need to know the utilization factor of the lighting device, for which we need the index index and the reflection coefficients of various surfaces. The formula for obtaining the first indicator is used as follows: φ \u003d S / ((H1 - H2) ∙ (A + B)).Two new variables are added here, h1. and h2.representing the height from the ceiling to the floor and from the ceiling to the illuminated working surface of the table. As for the coefficients, they depend on what material the surface is made which the texture has. Suitable values \u200b\u200bcan be selected from the table.

The nature of the reflective surface	Reflection coefficient R,%
Surfaces from materials with a high degree of reflectivity; White marble
Bled ceiling; whitewashed walls with windows closed with white curtains; White faience tile
Wallpaper White, Cream, Light Yellow
Bridal walls with unfinished windows; Bled ceiling in raw rooms; pure concrete and light wooden ceiling; pine wood Light
Tree plywood
Tree oak light
Concrete ceiling in dirty rooms; Wooden ceiling; concrete walls with windows; Walls plated by light wallpaper; Gray surfaces
Wallpaper dark
Walls and ceilings in rooms with lots of dark dust; solid glazing without curtains; Red brick is not plastered; Walls with dark wallpaper
Red brick
Window glass (thickness 1-2 mm)

It is usually taken to take reflection coefficients for the ceiling, walls and gender (they are transformed into decimal fractionsThat is, the value 50 corresponds to 0.5). On them and the result of calculating the index of the room is not difficult to find another variable - the lighting index U.which we need for further calculations. The next coefficient is determined by tables that differ significantly depending on the use of a lamp brand. Take, for example, lamps with the type of KCC M, that is, a wide range of illumination within 180 degrees of radiation of maximum brightness. It is just an ordinary household bulb.

	Value u,%
	With R ceiling \u003d 0.7, R walls \u003d 0.5, R floor \u003d 0.3 and φ equal:						With R ceiling \u003d 0.7, R walls \u003d 0.5, R floor \u003d 0.1 and φ equal:
	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5
M.	35	50	61	73	83	95	34	47	56	66	75	86
	With R ceiling \u003d 0.7, R walls \u003d 0.3, R floor \u003d 0.1 and φ equal:						With R ceiling \u003d 0.5, R walls \u003d 0.5, R floor \u003d 0.3 and φ equal:
	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5
M.	26	36	46	56	67	80	32	45	55	67	74	84
	With R ceiling \u003d 0.5, R walls \u003d 0.5, R floor \u003d 0.1 and φ equal:						With R ceiling \u003d 0.5, R walls \u003d 0.3, R floor \u003d 0.1 and φ equal:
	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5
M.	31	43	53	63	72	80	23	36	45	56	65	75
	With R ceiling \u003d 0.3, R walls \u003d R floor \u003d 0.1 and φ equal:						With R ceiling \u003d R walls \u003d R floor \u003d 0.1 and φ equal:
	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5	0.6	0.8	1.25	2	3	5
M.	17	29	38	46	58	67	16	28	38	45	55	65

Learning importance U., then we substitute it in the formula N \u003d (E ∙ s ∙ 100 ∙ k h) / (u ∙ n ∙ F l). In the numerator, we have new variables: E. - minimum illumination expressed in suites (LC), and To Z. - The reserve coefficient, taken into account on the aging of the light bulbs during operation. The latter is, in fact, the constant, which can be found in SNiP, but on average, this indicator corresponds to 1.5 for fluorescent lamps and 1.3 for incandescent bulbs. In the denominator, we are unknown n. - the number of light sources in the electrical appliance and F L. - Radiation of one lamp, expressed in lupies (LM). The value of minimum illumination is calculated by the formula E \u003d F l /S.. Using all the parameters given in the tables, as well as the results of minor formulas, find the number of lamps N. The room will not be difficult.

No matter how much light bulbs are in the chandelier, it is not capable of shining for the whole room, somewhere the darker plots will definitely remain, therefore it is wiser to distribute light sources around the room.