An important stage in the construction of any premises, as well as in the development of interior design, is the calculation of the illumination of the room. Its sufficient level allows not only comfortable to use the room, but also save.

Pay attention to

Despite the fact that natural lighting is the best, selection artificial lightingimitating natural, possible.

When calculating the illumination of the room, it is necessary to pay their attention not only to its type and area, but also the following:

1. Purpose of the room.
2. Height and color of the ceiling.
3. Color and texture of walls.
4. Floor material, its color and structure.
5. The presence of large mirrors or mirror cabinets.
6. Color and amount of furniture used.

All this is largely affected by choosing the quantity and type of room lighting.

In its kind, all lighting devices are divided into the following:

Each lamp can have its own, different from the other lamp. All of them, regardless of the type and purpose of the instrument, have the following parameters, allowing you to choose the necessary:

Layout and selection of lighting depends on the type of room, color solving His design and furniture used. For example, the light in the living room is the main room of any home - should be planned very carefully. The recommended solution is to apply the European style, with the main object in the middle and illumination around the perimeter of the room.

The correct step will be the use of various lighting devices for different zones: flooring in a reading area, low hanging lamp at the dinner table, etc.

For the bedroom it is worth choosing a calm, relaxing lighting scheme. For this type of rooms, low-power matte lamps of spherical shape are well suited. They allow you to obtain a uniform soft light, without sharp transitions and borders, not straining vision. The bedside table zone is worth illuminated by small desktop lamps or Wall Bra.

The kitchen is the main work area in the house, and the right light in it is important. The small kitchen does not require central light - sufficiently lighting the working zones and food treatment zones. For big kitchen The central chandelier is necessarily good if it is a warm shade. Also, as in the living room, adjustable in height (and in ideal and brightness) the light here will be as impossible by the way.

In the other types of rooms of residential buildings, such as a corridor, bathroom, a toilet, a dressing room, it is worth using point lighting. It will allow you to get a uniform illumination, and also make a room visually slightly more spacious.

The calculation of the illumination of the room largely depends on its design. Dark walls and floor absorb light and need to lay a margin into calculations. Of course, if there is no purpose to create a cozy atmosphere with a mild light. The bright rooms of the already bright, and the bust can deliver the discomfort for the eyes, compare when you look at the sun through loose clouds.

Norms of lighting

There are certain reference norms. different rooms. According to construction standards and rules (SNiP), the following are used:

• 5 suite:elevator shaft.
• 20 Suite:
  • passages of technical floor, attic and basement;
  • stairs.
• 30 Suite: lobby.
• 50 Suite:
  • bathroom or shower room;
  • restroom;
  • hall of apartments;
  • corridor Apartments.
• 75 Suite: Walk-in closet.
• 100 Suite:
  • bath (sauna);
  • pool.
• 150 Suite:
  • gym;
  • kitchen;
  • living room.
• 200 Suite:children's room.
• 300 Suite:
  • billiard room;
  • cabinet;
  • library.

But do not forget that these norms were adopted in our country for quite a long time. Many complain that they lack light with the right calculation. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the possibility of replacing lamps to more powerful or an increase in the number of lighting equipment.

Calculation of light

To calculate the required number of lighting devices, there are two basic formulas - simple and complex, giving a more accurate calculation. In practice, a fairly simple formula. It does not require serious knowledge and quite solved even without a calculator.

To do this, it is worth resorting to a simple formula A * B * C, where:

1. Lighting rate Selected object.
2. Object area.
3. Ceiling height coefficient. With the height of the ceilings from 2.5 to 2.7 meters, it is 1, from 2.7 to 3 meters - 1.2, from 3 to 3.5 meters - 1.5 and from 3.5 to 4.5 meters - equal to 2.

The second step will be the calculation of the desired number of lamps and their power. To do this, it is necessary to divide the number obtained in the first calculations on the magnitude of the light flux specified on the lamps in selected lighting devices. It is important to remember that the more instruments are used, the evenly lighting.

Example of calculation 1.

Given: A residential room with an area of \u200b\u200b20 square meters with a ceiling 2.7 meter high and lighting devices equipped with a capacity of 60 W in incandescent bulbs.

First, we calculate the required light stream for this room:

150 * 20 * 1 \u003d 3000 lumens.

Then we learn the required number of lamps for normal light illumination. To do this, you must first clarify the light flux 60 W incandescent bulb. On average, they give away from 600 to 800 lumens.

Take the average value of 700 lumens:

3000: 700 = 4.28571

Rounded in the most side - up to 5 - it will be the necessary number of lighting devices equipped with one light bulb. With a capacity of 60 W. But it is necessary to keep in mind that more less powerful lamps allows you to get a more uniform illumination.

More complicated, but with this more accurate formula requires a certain amount of data before starting settlements:

Calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe room (s):

a - the length of the room;

b - the width of the room.

Calculate index index (f):

F \u003d S / ((H1 - H2) * (A + B))

h1 - height from floor to ceiling;

h2 - Height from the workplace to the ceiling.

Calculate the number of lighting devices (N):

N \u003d (E * s * 100 * kz) / (* p * fi)

E is the illumination of the room;

S is the area of \u200b\u200bthe room;

KZ - stock coefficient;

Y - the factor of using lamps;

p - the number of lamps;

Fi - the light stream of one lamp.

Example of calculation 2.

It is given: a living room of 9 sizes 6 meters with a ceiling of 3.2 meters high. Lighting devices were selected four luminescent lamps of 18 W each. The distance from the working surface to the floor is 0.8 meters, the reserve coefficient - 1.25, the floor reflection coefficient is 10, the walls - 30, the ceiling - 50.

We produce the calculation of the area:

F \u003d 54 / ((3.2 - 0.8) * (6 + 9) \u003d 1.5

The coefficient of use of lamps in residential rooms - y - equal to 51.

We produce further, final calculations:

N \u003d (300 * 54 * 100 * 1.25) / (51 * 4 * 1150) \u003d 8.63

Always round in a larger number - we get 9. This is the number of lamps necessary for the correct organization of lighting.

• When designing and calculating lighting, you should always lay large parameters, because you can turn off part of the lamps.
• When choosing lamps modern tendencies Dictate to use the most energy-saving solutions. Excellent choice will be using lED lamps - They consume less, with it is pretty compact and bright.

Effective lighting of residential and utility rooms in a house or apartment, along with heating, ventilation, water supply, energy supply, with a full basis can be attributed to systems providing comfortable conditions Accommodation of all family members. And if we consider the greater, it will certainly be traced direct connection with the level of safety of the created livestock conditions. Agree, it is impossible not to note the effect of light on the psycho-emotional state of a person, to the degree of its fatigue in the process of performing certain works, on the fullness of rest. All this affects the current well-being, on the general condition of the body, and with a long-term negative impact of incorrectly organized lighting - in front of the sad prospects with a worsening of vision, other health disorders that will not be corrected. And especially this is dangerous for the developing organism of children.

But, unfortunatelyTo the question of the right organization of coverage, quite many housing owners are extremely frivolous. They should be difficult to overcome the stereotype, which once everywhere - they say, there will be enough for this room, for example, about 100 watts. Well, firstly, personal sensations are often erroneous. And secondly, to evaluate the level of illumination in units of consumed energy - this is already a "day before yesterday". Moreover, our time is offered a very wide selection of lighting lamps, the indicators of the light-statists of which per unit of consumed energy are radically different.

Therefore, we propose to carry out a more competent calculation of lighting on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, operating already completely different units of measurement.

Once upon a time, in the late 80s, the author of these lines worked as part of a fairly representative commission of the USSR Ministry of Defense, which was told accounting call Work and state of preparing young people to military service in one of the regions of the South Ural region. In one of the districts, attracted the attention that the percentage of health-fitting due to ophthalmic diseases is clearly exceeded by the average.

In the Commission, we had a very meticulous lieutenant colonel - a military medic, who ate teeth in this field. " And he immediately stated - it simply does not happen, therefore there was some reason. We began to deal deeper - almost all conscripts with a resistant decrease in visual acuity, with annomials of refraction, with astigmatism - from one rather large and pretty remote from the village center. I struck the explanation of the representatives of the local military registration and enlistment office - "And they have all the blind in Karinovka ..."

We decided to go to the place, to look closer. And what saw? The village had an eight-year school. In it - just three classrooms. And in each of them - a pair of very small windows into the street (which, in principle, is explained to consider the severity of the winter climate in this flame steppe zone). But all the lighting is two cartridges under the ceiling, in which the usual incandescent bulbs of 75 watts. In a word, in the class if not twilight, then a clear lack of light.

And imagine that all residents of this village at one time lectured in such conditions for 8 years! Naturally, this gave that the very result, which was alerted inspecting. It is clear that the act of identified violations of elementary sanitary standards was drawn up, reported to the appropriate instance of the regional and even allied level. It must have been serious consequences. But the health of those people, that they lost it because of the preoccupacy of local officials - no longer return these administrative measures.

All this was said with one goal - do not joke with normal lighting in your home or apartment. Incomparable initially negative effects on vision (and on the psyche too) have the property to accumulate, and poured into such consequences that will not be able to fix it. Moreover, if we are talking about children!

On the what are the calculations of the illumination of the premises?

To be correct with definitions, the proposed calculation technique takes into account not only the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. A number of other important criteria are taken into account reflecting the specifics of a particular room.

Simplified calculation method in units of power consumed and its imperfection

Not yet so long ago in the field of lighting, complete domination belonged to the incandescent lamps. Here, apparently, and we should look for the origins of the rooted habit of evaluating the lighting of the room in units consumed for this electrical energy.

A fairly stable range of these lamps was presented on sale; 25; 40; 60; 75; 100; 150 watts and more. Any of the hosts knew about what power of the lamp and in what quantity it is necessary for it to ensure the lighting of each room. Naturally, most often such an assessment was conducted subjectively, on the basis of personal experience and perceptions that far from always corresponded to the norm.

Surely this stereotype is still firmly sitting in many in the head - that the illumination is measured in watts. And the more these most watts, the greater the effect you can achieve the installation of the corresponding lamp.

It was accepted to proceed from about the norm 15 ÷ 20 W on square meter. Accordingly, in the go and were, and even remain to this day, approximately such tables:

It would seem - everything is simple, and what else to wish? However, there is a grief - such calculations are very far from perfection. And first of all, for the reason that Watt is still a unit of measurement by an energy-consumed by the lamp, and not at all of the light flow of the light flux. Of course, the relationship is, but to call it a direct dependence that obeys some strict relationship - will not work. It is about the same way as evaluating the speed of arrival at the final destination on one or another long-distance transport, based on the cost of the ticket - it seems that the values \u200b\u200bare interrelated, but the incorrect evaluation is evident.

And even more so, this technique has lost in its own and so non-outstanding accuracy with the advent of successful "competitors" of incandescent lamps - luminescent and LED. Here already indicators of energy consumed and light returns are completely different.

But the old habits take their own, and still the most common The method of many remains for watts. Just began to resort to tables in which the approximate ratio of parameters is shown. different types Lamps with about the same indicator of the light rate. An example of such a table is shown below.

Room Square, m²	Conventional incandescent lamps, W	Luminescent lamps, W	LED lamps, W	Approximate light stream, lm
1	20	5 ÷ 7.	2 ÷ 3.	250
2	40	10 ÷ 13.	4 ÷ 5.	400
3	60	15 ÷ 16.	6 ÷ 10.	700
4	75	18 ÷ 20.	10 ÷ 12.	900
5	100	25 ÷ 30.	12 ÷ 15.	1200
7 ÷ 8.	150	40 ÷ 50.	18 ÷ 20.	1800
10 ÷ 12.	200	60 ÷ 80.	25 ÷ 30.	2500

In order to such a "patriarchal" principle of evaluating the effectiveness of lighting, many manufacturers are placed on packaging of fluorescent energy-saving and LED lamps, in addition to its power consumption, an exemplary comparative "equivalent" in watts for incandescent bulbs. The characteristic example is shown in the figure below.

Pay attention to the word "approximate", said in the previous sentence. It is mentioned not accidentally, since the unambiguously available system of "translation of one watts to other watts" still does not exist. And why? Repeat - yes not measured the illumination of the room or the light flux emitted by the source in watts!

By the way, a serious error has already been made to the above example on the package itself. In particular, "Light-status of 60 W" is written, which can be confused by a person who does not know the person, and he will further establish an opinion that this is exactly what is. Probably it would be correct to write like this: "The light output approximately corresponds to the incandescent lamp in 60 watts."

And in what units then will correctly evaluate the light source? Please note: in the table above the extreme right column gives a value in lumens (LM) - this is the units of measuring the light stream adopted in the SI system. If you continue the example above, then, looking into the passport of the demonstrated lamp, you can find this characteristic - 550 lm.

With lumens (LM), other units are closely interrelated - suites (LCs), which are just measured by light in the system. The relationship between them is such: Luminous Flow in 1 Lumen creates an illumination equal to 1 lux in the area of \u200b\u200b1 square meter.

In the future, we will be repelled from these units - suites and lumens.

Lights for residential premises

For the calculation you need to know from what kind of "cooks dance".

It is clear that the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which the lighting is planned to be arranged as one of the initial values. And the second most important parameter becomes sanitary standards that establish the level of illumination for rooms of various purposes.

These norms are clearly spelled out in SNiP and SanPiN for almost all categories of premises, residential and industrial, and with detail even by the nature of the work produced. But in this case, we are interested in more than those with whom you have to face when calculating the lighting system in your home or apartment.

I will not send the reader to the "primary sources" - the table below shows the extracts, which will probably be enough.

Type (Purpose)	Light norms in accordance with SNiP, Suite
Residential Rooms	150
Children's rooms	200
Cabinet, workshop or library	300
Cabinet to perform accurate drawing works	500
Kitchen	150
Shower, Separate bathroom or Combined, Bathroom	50
Sauna, dressing room, pool	100
Hall, corridor, hall	50
Lobby passing	30
Stairs and staircases	20
Wardrobe	75
Sports (gym) hall	150
Billiard	300
Pantry for strollers or bicycles	30
Technical premises - boiler room, pumping, electric hoist, etc.	20
Auxiliary passages, including in attic and in basements	20
Playground at the main entrance to the house (porch)	6
Spare or technical entrance site	4
Pedestrian walkway at the entrance to the house for 4 meters	4

Here are from these values \u200b\u200band begin when calculating. Expressed precisely in suites, not in watts, "candles", etc. The standards shown are considered optimal, so do not fall into the other extremes - overly "pouring" the premises with light. It's not even that it is unprofitable from the point of view of energy saving. Too bright lighting, too, may well be a very annoying factor, negatively affect emotional state, lead to a quick fatigue of the eyes, fraught with serious consequences. So the above normalized values \u200b\u200bare just that "Golden Middle", to which should strive.

Conducting an independent calculation of illumination

Well, it seemed that clarity was obtained. Light norms are available, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is easy to determine. That is, there is no problem to determine the total light stream that must provide the necessary degree of illumination.

For example, living room area 14.5 square meter. It is easy to calculate that it requires a light source with a total light flux of 15.5 m² × 150 Luch \u003d 2325 lm. And then you can choose those lamps and lamps to them, in the desired quantity that "will cope with the task." Let's say if you proceed again from the example of the lamp, which was given above (with a light flux by a passport of 550 lm), you will need five similar lamps.

Indeed, simplified calculation looks like this. But with due accuracy, it is still no different - except the area, other features of the room, in particular, its finish are not taken into account. The type of lamp is not taken into account, its location in the room space, the preferential direction of the luminous flux due to the position of the light source and the type of plafo used (diffuser).

Therefore, we offer a different algorithm for calculating. He, too, cannot fully apply for "full professionalism", but still the results are much more accurate, closer to reality.

General formula for calculating

It should be immediately understood right - the proposed algorithm involves the calculation of the main lighting. This should not include decorative illumination that enjoy in our time with a wide demand in the interior design of the rooms. Individual lighting devices that give local illumination of a particular limited area (for example, bedside scabs).

So, the main formula on which the calculation is built, will be as follows:

Fl \u003d (en ×SP ×k ×q) / (NC ×n × η)

We understand the parameters included in the formula:

FL - the desired value, that is, the indicator of the light flux, which each of the lamps installed in the lamps should have. The value will be obtained in lumens.

EN - Norms of illumination of residential and utility rooms. It is those that are shown in the table above (in suites), in accordance with existing SNiP.

SP. - The area of \u200b\u200bthe room for which the calculation is made (m²). This parameter is independently calculated is easy - in the overwhelming majority cases of the room are rectangular. But even if the room has a more complex configuration - you only need to split the total area on simpler areas and remember the basic rules of geometry.

If there are difficulties with the calculation of the square - you here ...

Sometimes an unusual configuration of the room may pose a host, several adaptable laws of geometry. Not trouble - we can help! Follow the link to the article dedicated - there and detailed descriptions There are also convenient calculators that simplify calculations.

k. - This is a correction coefficient, which is also called the reserve coefficient. He takes into account several factors at once. So, some lamps have a property in operation to fill, lose in the radiated light stream. Moreover This reduction in the intensity of the glow is different for different types of lamps. In addition, the amendment takes into account the degree of interference for the normal spread of light. True, it applies to more industrial premises, where high levels of dusting or the concentration of steam can be. If we proceed from the fact that good hosts in the house are not observed, then the stock ratio can be taken in equal:

q. - The coefficient of the unevenness of the glow. This value is particularly important when calculating the illumination of rooms where accurate work is planned to be carried out related to drawing, operations with small parts, with a large volume of reading or set of texts or executing handwritten records.

Values \u200b\u200bare shown in the table below:

NC. - The number of lamps planned to install.

n. - Number of lamps (horns) in one lamp.

The work of the last two parameters is quite understandable, shows the total number of lamps that will participate in the lighting of the room. If only one source of light is planned, then, in the formula and there, units are substituted there.

With this approach, by the way (when NC \u003d.n \u003d 1.), It is possible to determine and in general the entire total light stream, which is required for high-quality lighting. Sometimes the purpose of the calculation is exactly this - and then the hosts begin to "conclusive" over the optimal placement of lamps or lamps of various denominations, in accordance with the design idea of \u200b\u200bthe interior design.

η - The utilization factor of the light flow.

This value is somewhat more complicated - there will have to take into account several criteria. Therefore, I will bring it to a separate subsection of the article.

Determination of the utilization coefficient η

This value can be defined by tables. But before you have to deal with the entry parameters in these tables.

• To begin with - we define the intermediate parameter. It is usually called index index. It will take into account the size and size of the room, and the planned height of the light source. This index is calculated according to the following formula:

i \u003d.SP / ( ( a +.b) ×h)

i. - The desired value, that is, the index index.

SP. - Already previously figured in the settlement of the room (m²)

a.and b. - Accordingly, the length and width of the room (M).

h. - The estimated height of the location of the light source. An important nuance - Do not confuse with the ceiling height in the room! It is meant exactly the height of the lamp over the floor surface.

For example, it is planned to install hanging lamp with suspension length (or rod) equal 0,6 m. And the height of the ceiling indoors - 3 meter. So, value h. for substitution in the formula is equal 3,0 – 0,6 = 2,4 m.

Conduct arithmetic calculations is not difficult. But even easier - use the offered online calculator.

Calculator to determine the index index

"Calculate index index I"

Length room, meters

Room width, meters

The height of the lamp above the floor level, meters

After the index index is designed, it should be rounded up to the nearest value from among those indicated in the following list:

0,5;0,6;0,7;0,8;0,9;1,0;1,1,1,25;1,5;1,75;2,0;2,25;2,5;3,0;3,5;4,0;5,0

So, one parameter for entering the table we already have.

• We go further - now it is necessary to estimate the reflective ability of surfaces, in accordance with the available (or planned) interior trim.

Reflection coefficients are accepted equal:

Now it is necessary to record the values \u200b\u200bof this coefficient in the sequence of "Ceiling - Walls - Paul". It is not so difficult. In fact, with white color everything is definitely. Another extreme, that is, deep black, in the interior design on large squares, as a rule, does not apply. It means that the whole choice is organized with only three options - 50, 30 or 10%. The share of subjectivity in the assessment is definitely there, but to allow for some serious mistake - difficult.

For example, a white ceiling, the walls are a cooler-beige, the floor is brown. It turns out 70% - 50% - 10% .

• Next, you should consider the type of the lamp, and already select a table according to it, according to which the desired value of the utilization factor will be determined η .

Possible variants of lamps and the corresponding tables are reduced to the following table (sorry for tautology).

Features of the lighting device and its placement	Illustration	Tables to determine the utilization coefficient. (The selected table will increase when clicking the mouse).
The lamp is placed directly on the ceiling surface. The main direction of light is down.
The lamp is suspended on the ceiling or on the wall, equipped with a flange with a preferential spread of light down.
Lamps suspended with plafones providing a uniform distribution of light in all directions. The same effect gives just hanged lamps without a ceiling
Luminaires with plasticians, mainly guide the light towards the ceiling, to reflect from the ceiling surface.
Luminaires with low-transparent or opaque plafones, giving a narrow directional flow of light in the selected area.

• We have all the data to enter the table. And to determine the coefficient of use of the light flux - it is completely simple.

Just for example:

It is planned to install a skewed lamp of a spherical shape, studying the light in all directions. Open the appropriate table (all tables increase the click of the mouse).

The pre-conducted calculation showed that the indoor index was rounded in a large side, equal to 1.25.

The reflectivity coefficients in advance were identified: the very 70% - 50% - 10% .

We enter the table. To do this, at the beginning of the reflection coefficients we find the desired column:

In the extreme right column we find the index of the room index - 1.25. This will task the string.

The crossing of the row and column leads us to the desired value of the utilization coefficient η. In this example, it is 0.55.

Now we have already collected all the data for the main formula that allows you to conduct the final calculation of the required light flux for the full lighting of the room.

In order not to bother the reader by calculations, we propose to use the built-in online calculator.

Calculator calculating the required light flux

Specify the requested values \u200b\u200band click "Calculate the necessary light bulb stream"

Room Square, m²

Type of room

Planned to install lamp

The previously defined coefficient of using the light flux η

Planned number of lamps in the room, pcs

Number of horns (lamps) in the lamp, pcs

So, the obtained value directly indicates that the light flux must have lamps that in these conditions will provide full-fledged room lighting. Or as we said, if you specify the number of lamps and lamps, equal unitThe value of the total light flux will be obtained - and on it can be focused when the lighting devices are arranged.

For some sites, such as a desktop or workshop in the workshop, can also be suitable with such a calculation, but on the basis of the square working areaIf a separate lamp will be applied for these purposes. In this case, you can not even take into account the overall lighting - if it is assumed that the local should be quite enough to create comfortable working conditions even when the main illumination of the room is turned off.

And now let's at least briefly look at the main characteristics of the most common lamps.

What is important to know about lighting lamps

General characteristics of lighting lamps

If the value of the required light stream is calculated, then you can move to the selection of lamps. Some lamps do not imply a special choice - they are directly calculated by the installation of some particular type. But most devices still allow you to consider several options.

• All lamps, regardless of their type, can distinguish between the basement. And if one or other lighting devices are already scheduled in the plans, the choice is narrowed by a specific type of base.

In large lamps, threaded tices of the E series are most often used. But the instruments of the point illumination can be different performance of the cartridges - it should be paid to this in advance.

• Power consumption - that is, the amount of energy that will spend the lamp when working with full load per unit of time. Here, as we have already seen from the tables above, various types of lamps with an equal indicator of the light flux are very large scatter. Read more on this a little later, when parsing specific types of lamps.
• Supply voltage. Not all lamps are able to work directly from the network of 220 V 50 Hz. Some are designed to connect through a downstream transformer, for example, on 12 V. In addition, individual varieties require direct current, that is, the polarity of the connection is also important here. As a rule, lamps with such lamps are equipped with special power supply or drivers, with connectors that exclude connection errors. This should be considered, since it will have to provide for the place of its hidden accommodation.
• Temperature of light. This, immediately, say, the conditional value, which does not have any relation to heat the lamp. The temperature indicator of the light characterizes the visual effect of the source perception. With a purely physical point of view, this is a glow of an absolutely dark body warmed up to a certain temperature (pronounced on the Kelvin scale).

It is better not to go into reasoning, but to offer a visual table - everything should be understood with it:

Once, in the era of the complete domination of the incandescent lamp, they practically did not remember this magnitude, and it was not even indicated on the labeling lamps. Today, almost all products, any types, in the list of characteristics also have this indicator.

Here, for example, what is indicated on the packaging arbitrarily taken lamps:

1 - Type of base.

2 - Power consumption (and exemplary equivalent power consumed incandescent lamp with the same light retail).

3 - Glow temperature: in dann Case 4100 K.

4 - Light light bulb, expressed in lumens (540 lm).

The choice of lamps on the glow temperature is definitely the buyer himself, guided by personal considerations and preferences. But still, some recommendations will become unlisted.

The optimal range for perception that does not cause irritation and rapid gravity of the eye is considered to be temperatures from 2600 to 5000 K. Sometimes lamps are installed and with a higher glow temperature - when it is necessary due to the features of the placement of the room.

Color temperature range	Approximate perception	Where recommended to use
2600 ÷ 3000 K	Warm light with a reddish-orange tint.	Creating a cozy atmosphere in a bedroom or living room. Great for bedside lamps, lamps installed in the host places of the hosts.
3000 ÷ 3500 K	Warm light with a yellowish tint.	The main lighting of residential rooms, children's. Well suitable for the desktop of the child.
3500 ÷ 4000 K	Day white light	The main lighting of the apartment's premises, including in the utility and special premises. "Cold" for permanent perception.
4000 ÷ 5000 K	Cold white light	Sometimes it is used for some interior design styles (such as high-tech), but the cozy atmosphere does not create - the obvious feeling of the "hospital situation". Suitable for illumination of the utility rooms, the local area.
5000 ÷ 6000 K	Cold light with white and blue tint	Used for office lighting on large areas, in industrial premises. It can be applied in the workshop to perform subtle work, in the drawing office. Often finds use in highlighting greenhouses, greenhouses, etc. Can cause fatigue eye. In residential premises is not used.
Over 6000 K.	Cold white with deep blue or lilac shade.	Only for street lighting. In residential and special premises, applications do not find.

• Finally, the light flux convened by the lamp is exactly the value that we calculated using the calculator. This indicator must be specified. on the package, on the most Lamp or in her passport.

Below will briefly go through the main types of lighting lamps. There will be several tables with parameters. It should be properly understood that this data is taken exclusively for the example, and can correspond only to certain models of lamps. That is, to reveal all the variety of these products on the scale of one article - it is simply impossible. In any case, when choosing lamps, their passport characteristics should be carefully studied.

Incandescent lamps

Once prevailing undivided, they gradually "go from the scene." Dignity - low cost. And the disadvantages are even debugging. Extremely low efficiency (usually not exceeding 5%), that is, most of the consumed energy goes into completely unnecessary heating. Lifetime - low, rarely exceeds 1000 hours.

Below in graphics and the table presents the main characteristics of such lamps. Warn attention to the light rate parameter - how many lumens gives the product from each spent energy spent. This directly affects the efficiency of using one or another type of lamps.

The model shown is the temperature of the glow of about 2800 K (warm light). Energy Class - E..

Characteristics depending on the power:

	Light stream (LM)	Light return (LM / W)
10	50	5,0
25	220	8,8
40	415	10,4
60	710	11,8
75	935	12,5
95	1300	13,6
100	1340	13,4

Incandescent bulbs can also have a frosted glass performance for optimal lighting of light. True, this is somewhat reduced the indicators of the light flux.

Exemplary features are shown in the table:

Although incandescent lamps are still widely represented on sale and attract low cost, yet they are not optimal option. It is better to choose anything more modern and efficient.

Halogen lamps

Halogen lamps, in fact, work also on the principle of heat spiral. However, they have features performed. In particular, it concerns special quartz glass that can withstand very high temperatures of heating, and filling the flasks - iodine and bromine couples are used here, significantly increasing the durability of the spiral.

These lamps are produced in a very wide variety, but in conditions of home or apartments, compact models designed for point lamps are usually used. Larches, lighting devices are applied by typelight type - usually to illuminate the territory or agricultural purposes.

The advantages of such lamps include their higher (compared to conventional incandescent) efficiency. The service duration comes up to several thousand hours. Attract compactness at high light rate indicators, a well-perceived range of light temperatures - usually within 2800 ÷ 3000 K.

Disadvantages are also considerable. It is very high heating temperatures during operation. The lamps require a very careful relationship during installation - the touch of a quartz flask hand calls the rapid burnout of the device. The cost of "halogen" is significantly higher than incandescent lamps. Gases used to fill the flask cannot be attributed to the category of harmless. So there is also a security problem and with the utilization of worked lamps.

For example, one of the lines of halogen lamps. Power supply - 12 V. Socol - GU4. Glow temperature - 3000 TO. Energy Class - IN.Approximate service life - up to 1500 hours.

The characteristics of this model range are shown in the table. Please note: here also appears another column - approximate matching the usual incandescent lamp.

Power consumption lamp (W)	Light stream (LM)	Light return (LM / W)
10	150	15	13
20	300	15	26
35	525	15	46
50	750	15	65
75	1125	15	75
100	1500	15	130
150	2250	15	150

Halogen lamps can be used when illuminated by residential premises, but to the optimal version they are still far. The number of flaws is large, energy saving indicators are not outstanding.

Fluorescent lamps

Previously, this type was presented well. famous all long tubular lamps. They are quite widely used now. But still, in the field of home lighting, compact lamps with bases under standard cartridges are more popular. In everyday life, they received the name of "energy-saving". Indeed, even before the appearance and widespread distribution of LED sources, such lamps literally "revolution" in terms of cost effectiveness of houses and apartments.

The glass flask of such lamps is filled with a special mixture of gases, which, when creating certain conditions, cause luminosity.

The advantages of such lamps include high indicators of light status moderate consumption of electrical energy. They are presented in a very wide range of color temperatures. The service life can reach several thousand hours.

One, and their disadvantages are enough. So, in filling the flask almost always there is a mercury - extremely dangerous to human health chemical element. That is, the lamps require a special careful relationship and proper disposal. The efficiency of the lamp is though high, but still far from the ideal - up to 25% of the energy consumed is spent on creating conditions for the appearance of the glow. Often noticeably flickering of light, which can intensify as gradually technological wear. Sometimes the unevenness of the created luminous flux is noted, which can even visually distort the perception of natural colors of objects. Lamps may have inertia - to exit normal operation, they require a certain time.

For example - characteristics one of the model rows of compact luminescent lamps. Nutrition - 220 V. Colorful temperature - 2700 K. Approximate service life - from 8 to 10 thousand hours. Energy Class - BUT.

Power consumption lamp (W)	Light stream (LM)	Light return (LM / W)	Approximate power of incandescent bulbs (W)
9	450	50	45
11	535	48	55
13	665	51	56
15	800	53	75
20	1170	58	100
26	1525	58	125
30	1900	63	150
35	2285	65	175
45	3080	68	225
55	3800	69	275
85	6700	78	425
105	6900	65	525

The use of such lamps for lighting at home or apartments can be considered quite justified. And B. ce same by degree of convenience, safety, durability, economy they lose LED.

LED bulbs

About the variety of LED lamps fit to write a separate article - it is so wide. But with any scenario - they can be considered the most good option Among all those mentioned above.

The advantages of LED lamps primarily relates high light output when minimum consumption of electrical energy. The efficiency of such products is usually above 90% - a very small amount of energy is spent on an unnecessary heating. That is, the effect of savings is the highest. Lamps may give any forms, right up to the most compact. The absence of parts from quartz glass makes such products with durable, not afraid of moderate impacts. The durability of lamps is estimated by tens of thousands of hours. The variety of LEDs used allows you to perform a lamp with almost any point of the glow. The product itself does not contain any harmful to humans or ambient substances.

The disadvantages of LED lamps that are noted by consumers are mostly associated with poor-quality making. It is necessary to state that this market segment is saturated with base products or even fakes under well-known brands. So acquire LED lamps better in proven outlets, with the filling of the passport and the prostancing of the warranty period.

Disadvantages often include high cost of LED lamps. However, firstly, it is justified by a large resource of work and pronounced low energy consumption. In fact, it is these lamps to more mostly deserve the names "energy-saving", but as it happened ... And secondly, the manufacturing technologies do not stand still, and the cost of such light sources in last years significantly decreased, no longer looks frightening. And this trend of low-cost LED lamps is not stopped.

The table below will show the characteristics of one of the model rows - just for comparison.

Glow temperature - 3000 TO. Energy Class - BUT. The estimated service life of the lamp is up to 40 thousand hours.

Power consumption lamp (W)	Light stream (LM)	Light return (LM / W)	Approximate power of incandescent bulbs (W)
3	250	83	40
4	280	70	40
5	340	68	40
6	440	73	50
7	520	74	60
8	550	68	65
10	850	85	75
12	1170	97	95
16	1600	100	150
20	2100	105	200

In a word, LED lamps can rightly be considered the optimal option. And the most reasonable thing at the stage of creating its lighting system will not regret funds on them. There is no doubt that these costs will be fully changed.

When planning a system of lighting the premises, it is recommended to adhere to a few sent, which share experienced masters.

• It is clear that the calculations given above are aimed at creating illumination corresponding to established sanitary standards. But quite often, such a number of light becomes excessive - simply based on the current mood, you want to rest from the desire more muted illumination. This, of course, can be organized by the "parallel system" - located in the right places of local lighting devices. Typical example - bedside scabs. But still, it is recommended and the main lighting system does not do with the only source of light - in our time on sale a sufficient variety of lamps designed for several lamps. As it is necessary, you can use only the required minimum quantity.

In addition, dimmers provide a greater degree of convenience in adjustments - special devices capable of smoothly change the intensity of the glow of lamps. If there is a desire, proper creativity and affordable funds, "dimming", even on the scale of one spacious premises, you can additionally split around the zones.

True, it should be borne in mind that not all lamps are amenable to such adjustment. For example, with luminescent lamps, such a "number" does not pass.

• The use of various types of lamps in one room is not welcomed - the effect can be completely unpredictable, but unambiguously negative.
• Above mentioned about consumed power of lamps. In particular, about the fact that it should not become the defining criterion in the calculations of illumination. However, you need to know this parameter. The case is not in the light parameters of the lamps, but in the operational capabilities of the lamps planned to install.

The fact is that these devices have a specific limit for possible electrical load. Firstly, the wires are laid inside them, usually - a very small section, and with too large total power of the lamps, the wiring overheating is not excluded, with all the ensuing consequences. And secondly, most of the lamps are assembled from polymeric details. As we have seen, some types of lamps The significant amount of energy consumed is converted to thermal. And overheating can cause softening, melting plastic, deformation of parts.

So when choosing lamps, it is necessary to sum up the value of their capacities. And if it exceeds the permissible limit for a specific lamp, you have to look for some other solution.

• If, as a result of the calculations, this value of a light flux of a lamp is obtained, which is simply not in the output assortment, or the use of lamps becomes impossible for other reasons (for example, the same unacceptably high power consumption), then nothing can be done - you will have to revise your system. This is usually solved by an increase in the number of lamps, the use of other types of lamps, other methods. There will be a way out!

* * * * * * *
At the end of the publication - a small video, which may allow you to somewhat expand the concepts of readers in the calculation area optimal lighting For residential premises.

Video: How many light is necessary for a comfortable and healthy environment in the room?

The entire calculation is 2 minutes, 2 steps. All quickly and easy!

Dear readers, in this article we will not give detailed complex methods for calculating the illumination of rooms, we will not force you carefully pepper into the slopes and tables in search of the desired coefficients. We will tell us as approximately using a simplified quick technique, calculate the necessary illumination of the room (rooms), as well as how to calculate the number of lamps needed for comfortable lighting.

First, we need to know that the illumination is measured in suites (LC), and the magnitude of the light flux is in lumens (LM). Again, this method of calculating the illumination allows us to not understand the relationships and intricateings of these quantities. We approach this just - we need to know this in order to choose the right lamps and the number of lamps for the room (room).

Stages of calculation:

1. Calculation of the required light flux on the room (the number of lm to the entire room).
2. Calculation of the required number of lamps on the room (room).

1. Calculation of the required light flux on the room (room).

Formula for calculating the luminous flux in lumens (LM):
Luminous stream (lumen) \u003d a * b * in;

Where:
BUT - the regulatory value of the illumination of the room (room) is presented below in the table;
B. - area of \u200b\u200bthe room (rooms) in M.KV;
IN - the ceiling height coefficient (up to 2.7 m - 1.0; 2.7-3.0 m - 1.2; 3.0-3.5 m - 1.5; 3.5-4.0 - 2 0);

2. Calculation of the required number of lamps per room (room).

So, we defined the required amount of light flux (the number of lumens). Now we can calculate the required number of lamps on the room (room). Below is a table in which you can choose the number of lamps for the room (room) and compare the main popular types of lamps according to their light flow characteristics and power ratio.

All these calculations are approximate and suitable for selection chandelier or lamp located in the center of the room.

If you want to understand how much you need point lamps With LED light bulbs, it is better to proceed at the rate of one lamp with a capacity of 5-7 W (450-550 lm) per 1.2-1.5 sq.m

Table No. 1: Regulatory Lights Lights / Rooms, according to SNiP:

Types of office space	Light norm According to SNiP, LK	Types of residential premises	Light norm According to SNiP, LK
General purpose office using computers	300	Living room, kitchen	150
Office in which drawing work is carried out	500	Children's room	200
Room for conferences, meeting room	200	Bathroom, Bathroom, Shower, Apartment Corridors and Hall	50
Eccalator, staircase	50-100	Wardrobe	75
Hall, corridor	50-75	Cabinet, library	300
Archive	75	Stairs	20
Storage rooms, pantry	50	Sauna, swimming pool

Table # 2: Averaged light bulbing light bulbs (lumen number).

Types of bulbs Light Bulb Type)			CFL	Led.
Minimum glow (Lumens)	450lm.	40w.	9W To 13W.	4W to 5w.
	680lm	60w.	13W To 15W.	6W To 7W.
	1100lm	75W	18W to 25w	9W To 13W.
	1600lm	100w	23W to 30w	16W to 20w.
	2600lm.	150w.	30W to 55w	25W To 28W.

The data presented in the table is approximate, depending on the manufacturer, they may differ.

A few small tips on the calculation of the light stream and the choice of the number of lamps:

1. Remember that the Snaps were developed in Soviet times. At the time about the health of citizens (meaning in mind), they did not really care, not to mention the comfort of finding indoors or work in it. So it will not be superfluous to add a small stock ratio into the calculation of your illumination (light flux).
2. If you have more lamps in your room than you need - you can always turn off some of them. And what will you do if the light is missing, and how will it look like?
3. Remember that the surfaces have a property to reflect light. The smaller the surface is the more light it reflects, the darker - the less the light is fighting off from it. The light that is reflected from the surface is also light, i.e. Reflected light also illuminates the room. If dark tones dominate in your room or room - it is worth increasing the value of the luminous flux during the selection of lamps, since the dark surfaces of the room are injured a large number of Sveta.

Table # 3: The reflection coefficient of light.

room Height	S floor m 2	place color
		light.	average.	dark
<3м	up to 20.	0,75	0,65	0,60
	up to 50	0,90	0,80	0,75
	up to 100.	1,00	0,90	0,85
3-5m	up to 20.	0,55	0,45	0,40
	up to 50	0,75	0,65	0,60
	up to 100.	0,90	0,80	0,75
5-7m	up to 50	0,55	0,45	0,40
	up to 100.	0,75	0,65	0,60

If you need to calculate the illumination and the number of lamps for non-standard premises (with very high ceilings or intricate shape), or you need to pick up high-quality lighting for room, house or office, call us and our specialists will provide comprehensive information and offer a solution.

RaSCE LED lighting allows you to organize an efficient lighting system. One of the main features of such lamps is the high brightness of light, and, in addition, they are characterized by directional radiation, which under certain conditions is a plus, in others - the disadvantage. In order for the room to be illuminated by diode lamps as uniformly as possible, some tricks should be used.

Road lighting norms

The efficiency of light radiation in the apartment must be different. If in any of the rooms, the glow will be the same bright, directed or, on the contrary, scattered, the level of comfort will noticeably decrease.

Road lighting standards

Therefore, in premises of different targets, the SNIP provides several levels of illumination:

• hall apartments - 100-200 LCs;
• home Cabinet - 300 LCs;
• living room - 150 LCs;
• bedroom - 200 LCs;
• kitchen - 150-300 LCs;
• children's - 200 LCs;
• bathroom - 50-200 LC.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe room and its height are key factors in determining sufficient brightness of light. Much depends on the type of lighting: the main light; local; functional; Decorative illumination. The norms indicate different illumination indicators for some rooms.

When creating a functional lighting system, the lamp must radiate a brighter light. Decorative illumination involves the need to install lamps of low efficiency. These illumination indicators are suitable for residential premises high 2.5-3 m.

How to achieve uniform lighting?

If the LED emitters are involved, their location should be thought out, taking into account the main parameter - the light stream. The brighter the radiation of the lamps, the further they are set apart.

To cover the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room or a separate zone, it is recommended to pre-calculate a sufficient number of lamps.

Uniform ceiling light is organized by mounting the differentty light lighting elements. You can choose a variety of combinations: a central lamp (chandelier) and point emitters installed according to different schemes; several ceiling fixtures of the main light and decorative light; Point emitters in the desired quantity and with suitable characteristics used in organizing the main light without the use of chandeliers.

Determining the level of illumination

The total intensity of the glow of lamps for rooms of different targets is determined as follows:

• F \u003d e * s * kz,
• where e is the illumination of 1 square. m;
• S - area;
• KZ - stock coefficient.

The last of these parameters directly depends on the height of the installation of the lamps and the reflectivity of different surfaces (walls, ceilings, floor). For housing, but only subject to the installation of lamps based on diodes, this indicator is 1.1.

Brightness levels

As an example, you can consider the calculation of the LED lighting of children's:

F \u003d 200 * 6 * 1.1 \u003d 1 320 lm.

Accordingly, in such conditions it is necessary to use emitters, which are characterized by a light stream of the desired value so that in the aggregation it was possible to get a value of 1,320 lm.

How many lamps need

There are different formulas for calculating the number of lamps and instruments. Much depends on their type. For example, only one source of light is usually installed in point models, respectively, to calculate the number of such devices, you need to divide the overall illumination (F) to the luminous flux rate of one emitter.

If there is another task: determine how much lamps with several light bulbs are required, it is recommended to apply the following formula:

• N \u003d (e * s * kz * z * 100) / (n * f * ɳ),
• where e is normalized illumination, LC (table value);
• S - Room Square, square. m;
• kZ is the reserve coefficient (1,1);
• z - the value of uneven lighting (for diode lamps is 1);
• F - the light stream of emitter, LM;
• ɳ - the coefficient of the lighting element (equal to 1);
• n - the number of lighting elements in one device.

As a result, you can easily calculate the desired level of illumination and find out how much lighting devices need to be installed. In any case, it is always better to be guided by approximate data than to organize lighting "on the eye".

Also take into account the type of light bulbs used. They may differ in the base (threaded, pin), color temperature (from warm to cold shades), power.

In particular, diode emitters for the house are characterized by a small load on the network: from 3 to 15 watts. This is enough to provide bright light for residential premises.

Thus, the total illumination of the room will depend on the number of devices. But, in addition, lamp parameters must be taken into account: color temperature, light stream, power. To get a uniform glow using LED devices, you need to be guided by calculations, otherwise some areas of the room may not be well lit, and others, on the contrary, are too brightly lit.

You can choose any of the existing lighting schemes. The most common options are: with chandeliers and point lights; Without the main lighting device, the functional light provides point lamps.

So that in the room it was comfortable to be at any time of the day, it is important to achieve not only high-quality natural, but also artificial lighting. Compare with the quality of natural light is difficult, but still you can try. To do this, you need to know how to calculate the light stream.

Why calculate the illumination?

Regardless of which lamp and the lamp in it is used, the calculation of the lighting is recommended separately for each room, taking into account the lamps used, lamps, colors and type of decoration. Only by correctly placing the lighting devices in the desired quantity, it will be possible to achieve a harmonious effect. This is necessary for:

1. Comfortable location and livelihoods.
2. Works of the auditorium of a person depending on the tasks performed by it.
3. Exceptions to reduce visual acuity.

In the process of assessment into account take:

• Illumination, measurement is made in lumens. This parameter is considered the most important, because it affects the value of the light flux, which is distributed around the room.
• Brightness, main meter - suites.
• The power of light in Kandela.

Opinion expert

Alexey Bartosh

Specialist in repair, maintenance of electrical equipment and industrial electronics.

Ask a question expert

Important! The optimal illumination parameter is important for human health. The disadvantage or oversupply of light has an impact not only for visual acuity, but also for a psychological state. As a result, impassable, disorder and general deterioration of the state.

The difference of natural artificial lighting

The best lighting for human eye is natural, that is, daytime, morning, evening, including what comes from the sun behind the clouds. Light from lamps - artificial, it is formed as the result of transformation into electromagnetic radiation of electrical energy. The key task of calculating the room lighting is an approximation of artificial light (regardless of the type of lamps used) to the natural one.

Methods of calculation

Calculate the required and sufficient light flux will be able to be one of three methods:

1. Specific power. Used to estimate overall lighting. For complete power, multiply regulatory data (specific power) to the room area is required. In order to correctly determine the regulatory indicator, it is necessary to consider: type of lamps, the purpose of the room, the distribution of lamps on the wall and ceiling. At the same time, after calculations, a convenient and comfortable configuration and light conditions for humans are determined.
2. Application ratio. To begin with, the location of light sources with a light-up to the configuration of the room and the ability to reflect or absorb light. According to the formula, it is envisaged to multiply the lighting standard on the room area on the reserve coefficient and the MIN light coefficient. All this is divided into multi-dimensions multiplied together and.
3. Point. This method is considered suitable for any room, it can be used, for the miscalculation of light sources on the street. To obtain results, an assessment of illumination is carried out at individual points that light falls. In this case, the lighting devices can be placed as you like. The assessment is carried out in key points for the user. Especially relevant such technique in rooms, where the walls are dark finish and a complex ceiling configuration.

These methods in the implementation are not very complex, but still there is a method much easier, it is presented below.

The choice of the calculation method depends on the type of lamps used

Simple method of calculation

The proposed calculation option is more suitable for the placement of the correct shape - square or rectangular. The illumination is measured in suites (LC), the miscalculation of the parameter of the light stream will consist of two stages:

1. Calculation of a solid light flux that is required to illuminate a room with a certain quadrature.
2. Determining the number of light sources.

In the first step, we calculate the required parameter of the light flux for the room. The miscalculation is made by the formula:

SVP \u003d x * y * z, where

X - Regulatory illumination for room. You can find these standards in the list below.

Y - Room Square in m².

Z - correction coefficient taking into account the height of the ceilings. So, for ceilings with a height of up to 2.7 m, this parameter \u003d 1, for 2.7-3 - indicator 1.2, for rooms with a ceiling of 3-3,5m - 1.5, for the room over 3.5 - coefficient 2 .

Regulations for premises in the house:

1. Corridor, hallway - 50-75 LC.
2. Pantry - 50 LC.
3. Kitchen - 150 Luke.
4. Any residential room - 150 LCs.
5. Children's - 200 LC.
6. Bathroom - 50 LC.
7. Cabinet or library - 300 LC.
8. Staircase - 20 lk.
9. Sauna, swimming pool - 100 Luke.

How much lights need depends on the purpose of the room

The second stage will help determine the number of light sources, in this case we take LED lamps. Approximate indicators for which you can navigate:

Examples

Initial data:

1. Children's room with an area of \u200b\u200b25 square meters. m.
2. Ceiling height - 3 m.
3. It is planned to use lamps of 8 W.

First stage:

200 (x) * 25 (y) * 1,2 (z) \u003d 6000 lm

Lamps that will be used 10 W, their light stream, declared by the manufacturer of 900 lm. That is, the required amount is 6000/900 \u003d 6.66. Rounding gives the number of 7 lamps.

If you use light-power lighting lamps, for example, 4 watts place them around the perimeter of the room on the walls, then 13 light bulbs will be required. In this case, the distribution of light will be more uniform. It also should also take into account the type of lamp used, its design and interior solution.

Quality of lighting for children is especially important

Similar calculations will be able to carry out for both incandescent and luminescent lamps, table will help in the calculations:

Calculate for the same room. Incandescent lamps need:

1. 60 W - 6000/700 \u003d 8.57, rounded - 9 pcs.
2. 75 W - 6000/900 \u003d 6.66, rounded - 7 pcs.
3. 100 W - 6000/1200 \u003d 5 pcs.

Fluorescent lamps:

• 10-12 W - 6000/400 \u003d 15 pcs.
• 15-16 W - 6000/700 \u003d 8.57, rounded 9 pcs.
• 18-20 W - 6000/900 \u003d 6.66, rounded 7 pcs.

These calculations are given by relying on the norms of still Soviet SNIPs, so experts recommend multiplying the result of the ratio of 1.5-2, depending on the premises and interior decisions.

Tip! To not count with your own hands, you can use special devices, such as Cromatest. This device helps measure the intensity of light. Another device is a luxmeter, the main component of which selenium photocell. You can also contact specialized companies that will assist in the calculation for a certain remuneration.

The difference between the color temperatures of the lamp

What should be considered when calculating?

Before spending any calculations, it should be determined which lamp will be used. At the moment, available lamp options:

1. Incandescent.
2. Halogenic.
3. Luminescent: compact or linear.
4. LED: lamps, ribbons or spotlights. In the case of the LED ribbon, the density of the placement of LEDs is important. You can find out this parameter, considering the tape carefully.

The type of lighting device is also influenced, primarily on the dispersion of light, the place of use. Any of these light sources is characterized by such parameters that the light stream can be measured. Specifically:

• Power. This is the amount of energy that consumes the lamp, the unit of measurement W.
• Light flow. As already mentioned this amount of light that emits.
• The heating of the housing is used for incandescent and halogen lamps.
• Color reproduction. This parameter includes: Color temperature and shade. The first point is from red to blue (1800-16000 Kelvin). Tint for modern lamps warm or cold. It is he who asks the general perception of illumination.

Color reproduction of different types of lamps:

1. Incandescent lamp - from 2200 to 3000 Kelvinov (K).
2. Halogen - 3000 K.
3. Fluorescent lamp (warm light) - 3000K.
4. Luminescent lamp (white light) - 3500 K.
5. Day fluorescent lamp - 5600-7000K.

Important! The smaller the color temperature, the closer to the red, the more, the closer to the blue.

Two more important parameters: light stream and light return. The first is the amount of light that the lamp emits, the second is the ratio of the light stream to the power - LM / W, that is, how effective it is economical.

Formula for calculating light flux

When selecting a lamp and calculations, it is important to consider such factors:

• The location of the lamp. Options - ceiling or wall.
• Installation height in case of wall mounting.
• Transparency of plafones and the presence of decorative elements on them.
• Light direction: up, down, to the side.
• The color of the walls, furniture: light reflect light, dark absorb.

Inaccuracies and errors: what they are connected with

Difficulties arise when during the planned repair is replaced by some lamps on the other, the change of lamps, a new finish is mounted on the ceiling and walls. All this affects the calculations. The main problem is not taken into account the reflection coefficient of surfaces. The reduction of the light stream affects:

1. Dark wallpaper.
2. Laminate, linoleum shade is darker than it was before.
3. Suspended or stretch ceiling, its type and reflectivity.

All these moments relate to general lighting, because locally, for example, in the working area behind the written table of light enough. This is understandable, because in such sites, individual lighting devices are most often mounted.

In order not to be mistaken, it should be borne in mind what kind of reflection coefficient has each color. Thus, white surfaces reflect 70%, other light by 50%, gray - 30%, black - 0%.

Often, when calculating the reference point takes a slope, but do not forget that they have been developed in Soviet times. To begin with, at that moment there were no modern light sources, the second point - there was no particular concern for the comfort of stay in the room and the condition of the eyes.

Remember, if there are a lot of lamps, then you can reduce their number, especially if you mount your switch for each lighting group.

Output

Calculate the light stream is easy, but it is important to take into account many moments: the type of lamp, the color of the ceiling, walls, floor, even the shade of furniture. It is important to remember that it is better than the light sources that can be controlled than saving.