Each girl needs to know the features of its menstrual cycle, what is the rate of hormone FSH in women by age, which is ovulation, alternation of the phase cycle to control the normal operation of its body.

Attentive attitude to the reproductive system will provide not only excellent well-being during the "critical" days, the transition to the menopauscterical period, but also make it easy to schedule pregnancy and give birth to a healthy child.

Also, information on the functions of the "female" hormones will help you adjust the mood drops, the skin rashes and the safety of sexual acts.

What follitropine is responsible in the body of a woman and what it is

The main link in the reproductive system is the front proportion of the pituitary gland (adenogipophysis), which secretes the follicle-stimulating hormone normally in women (or follitropine, FSH), luteinizing hormone (or LH) and prolactin responsible for the function of the ovaries and the mammary glands.

The production of these hormones controls the superior structure of the brain - hypothalamus. Its neuronal cells synthesize liberins and statins, which stimulate and block the synthesis of FSH and LH in the pituitary gland.

Thus, Liberin or Gonadotropin Rilizing Hormone (GNV), receiving information from ovaries about the insufficient number of follitropine, stimulates the pituitary gland to generate the necessary hormone. If in the ovaries dose of FSH normally, they feed the statins that block the synthesis of the hormone in adenogipophyism.

Thus, all three structures are the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian - form a unified system of interaction, while the Hormones of FSH and LH continuously change each other, providing a normal menstrual cycle.

Hormone FSG (Follitropine) at the norm in women is responsible for the following functions:

1. formation and ripening of ovarian follicles,
2. synthesis of estrogen from androgens, in particular, estradiol,
3. together with LH provides ovulation,
4. promotes the formation of a yellow body
5. ensures the growth of endometrial in the uterus,
6. controls the regularity of the menstrual cycle.

Note! Ovulation - the gap of the follicle in the ovary and the exit of it eggs, ready for fertilization. Eggs together with a fluid current from the follicle moves in uterine tubewhere it is found with spermatozoa. Only after ovulation is possible a pregnancy!

FSG Norma in Women

The menstrual cycle consists as follows:

• menstruation;
• the first phase is follicular;
• ovulation;
• the second phase is Lutein.

Important! The normal duration of the menstrual cycle varies from 21 to 42 days. The beginning of the menstrual cycle is considered the first day of the last menstruation. Menstruation lasts from 3 to 7 days.

During the follicular phase, the activity of the FSH hormone is normal in women lasts from the beginning of menstruation until ovulation. During this phase, follicles ripen in the ovary, the level of estrogen rises, the blood supply to the uterine mucosa is improved.

The high level of estrogen create an environment favorable for spermatozoa, in the largest follicle ripens an egg, a woman in this period feels perfectly, she has a good mood, she is looking for a sexual partner.

By the beginning of ovulation (approximately 14-16 cycles), a follicle-stimulating hormone reaches a peak of activity and then inferior to the luteinizing hormone.

The high level of LH provides a gap of the follicle and the output of the egg. At this point, the chances of becoming the highest, the egg cell is viable about 24 hours, after which there are 2 cycles phase.

With lutein phase, progesterone begins its work. If pregnancy has not come, he prepares the body to get rid of the empty follicle.

At this time, a woman can feel the painfulness of the mammary glands, irritability, weight gain, skin problems. Progesterone provides endometrial rejection and menstruation begins.

In the event of pregnancy, progesterone will support the work of a yellow body, which synthesizes the hong hong needed to power the fertilized egg.

Based on the operation of the menstrual cycle, the FSH level changes depending on the phase:

1. high activity is achieved at the time of menstruation (1-5 cycle day);
2. in the middle of the first phase (6-12 days), the FSH level is somewhat reduced;
3. the greatest activity of the Hormone FSH is registered at the time of ovulation (13 - 16 day);
4. the maximum decrease occurs immediately after ovulation and lasts before the start of the new cycle (17-28 day).

Important! In girls to menarh (first menstruation) and the beginning of puberty, the FSH level is low and practically does not change. The norm of the Hormone of FSH in girls is different and ranges from 1.5 MME / ml to 4 MME / ml.

Table concentration of hormone by age

The level of follitropine varies depending on the cycle phase: it shows the greatest activity before ovulation, and the smallest - before the start of menstruation.

In view of the undeveloped sexual system in girls up to 9 years, who have not yet had menstruation, hormone remains stable throughout the cycle and indicators are quite low.

In the menopausal period, the follicularity of the hormone can take very high numbers, trying to compensate for the development of estrogen after the cessation of menstruation.

During pregnancy, FSG numbers are in extremely low content, which is normal, since there is no point in the formation of a new egg.

To estimate the indicator of the FSH hormone, the norm by age are presented in the table by cycle days:

Note! The cycle days are calculated with an average of 28 days of the menstrual duration of the menstrual cycle, each woman has time frames of the phases may differ depending on the duration of the menstrual cycle.

Analysis on follicle-stimulating hormone

The definition of the FSG concentration in the body is an important test to assess the reproductive function of the woman and the work of its female sexual system.

An obstetrician gynecologist will appoint this analysis of FSH in women in the following cases:

• infertility problem;
• the onset of the menopausal period - premenopause;
• in disruption of the menstrual cycle;
• in cases of infantilism - delays in sexual development of adolescents;
• in uterine bleeding;
• in cases of miscarriage;
• with inflammatory diseases of the abodes of the small pelvis;
• with diseases of the reproductive system (endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome).

To analyze FSH, women take blood from Vienna about the 6th day of the menstrual cycle.

The analysis must be handed over for an empty stomach, a week before the analysis of the analysis to refuse excessive workouts, smoking, carbonated drinks and avoid stressful situations.

Analysis is carried out at least twinkle to eliminate the diagnostic error.

What is the associated decrease in FSG

In case of violation in the work of the reproductive system, it is possible to reduce the level of follicularity hormone in the following symptoms:

1. disturbance of the menstrual cycle - Dysmenorrhea;
2. rare menstruation - oligomenorrhea
3. the absence of the menstrual cycle - amenorrhea;
4. unsuccessful attempts to get pregnant - infertility;
5. the presence of bleeding outlections outside menstruation;
6. long menstruation more than 7 days;
7. unbearable fruit more than 2 pregnancies.

The reasons for the reduction in the level of the hormone of FSH may be associated with a violation of the pituitary function or hypothalamus:

• schihahan syndrome is the impaired of the blood circulation of the pituitary, during severe birth;
• injuries of the central nervous system;
• congenital pituitary insufficiency;
• pituitary nanism - dwarfishness.

In addition, the factors of lowering the hormones of FSH are the formation of various kinds in the ovaries and adrenal glands - cysts, adenoma, cancer.

The etiological factors for the decline in FSH are various kinds of diet or, on the contrary, obesity and excessive overeating, as well as vegetarianism, veganism and raw food.

A number of medicines have led to reduced indicators; These may be combined oral contraceptives or anabolic steroids. Professional harm in the form of lead poisoning also leads to FSH shortage.

Why is an increased FSH

Symptoms for which you can suspect an increase in FSH - the appearance of blood secretions outside the menstruation or the absolute disappearance of menstruation.

The reason for increasing the level of FSH lies in the low efficiency of the ovaries, and the pituitary gland to increase the level of the hormone is trying to make them work.

However, this is not the only reason for the increase in FSH. This situation may occur with radiation therapy and long-term radiation of X-rays.

The etiological factor in increasing the level of FSH is smoking. Reception of such drugs like clomiphene citrate, levodopa, drugs, vintage, cimetidine also contribute to the increase in the FSH indicator.

Among the diseases leading to an increase in hormone concentrations are distinguished:

1. Type 2 diabetes;
2. Ovarian failure;
3. Pituitary hyperfunction;
4. Endometriosis;
5. Sherosezhevsky-Turner syndrome;
6. Chronic alkgolism.

Conclusion

Thus, the follicle-stimulating hormone plays a very important role in the body of a woman throughout its life and requires a careful attitude towards himself.

With the slightest doubts and suspicious symptoms, immediately refer to the gynecologist to determine the level of hormone of FSH and therapeutic tactics.

Video: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): When, why and how?

Follicle-stimulating hormone is known to almost every woman who is planning pregnancy. The test for this indicator is prescribed a gynecologist, an endocrinologist, a specialist in reproductive health.

It is important to understand what level is considered normal, and to know the reasons why FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in women is elevated or lowered.

For what follitropine is responsible what it is

Follicle-stimulating hormone (follitropine) is a substance that is produced in the pituitary gland. In the body of a woman, it is among the substances that ensure the ripening of the egg and ovulation.

The synthesis of the follicularity hormone occurs in the brain.

The pituitary is secreted by FSH and allocates it under the control of the hypothalamus. With blood, this substance applies to the body, reaching its goal - ovaries.

In the ovaries, follicles ripen under the influence of FSH. The ripe follicle contains an egg, ready for fertilization.

When the ripening process comes to an end, the follitropine causes ovulation (the output of the egg from the follicle).

After ovulation, the occurrence of pregnancy becomes possible.

Analysis on follicle-stimulating hormone

To find out the number of follitropine, deliver blood from Vienna. Before the blood fence, 2-3 hours can not eat, smoke, drink carbonated drinks (you can drink only clean water).

The day before this test you need to cancel sports workouts, avoid nervous overvoltage and stress.

The analysis is required in the following cases:

• treatment of infertility;
• early puberty in children;
• delay of puberty in adolescents;
• disorders of the menstrual cycle;
• (Climax).

The study should be carried out at about 6 days after the start of the next menstruation, when the level of substance is highest.

If you failed to pass the analysis on time, you will have to pay the test until next month.

Normal level

Depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, the number of follicularity hormone has a healthy woman - from 1.7 to 25.0 MME / mlachieving a maximum during ovulation.

This value after ovulation decreases before the new cycle.

In girls before the start of puberty, the value of FSH is low - from 1.5 to 4.0 mm / ml. With the beginning of a puberty period, the amount of follitropine gradually increases, and a year after the occurrence of menstruation, it is established at the level of an adult woman.

With age, the amount of FSH rises - In the period of menopause, it increases to 140-150 MME / ml.

The norm of the FSG hormone in women by age in the table (in fertile ladies and under menopause):

Ratio with LG

Luteinizing hormone - another substancewhich regulates the work of the female reproductive system. In the first 15 days of the menstrual cycle, the share of FSH, in the second half - LH.

For pregnancy, the correct ratio of hormones LG and FSH is important.

To determine the fertility (ability to become pregnant), it is necessary to obtain the results of the study of blood on the content of both substances, and then determine their ratio.

For an adult woman the rate of the LG / FSH ratio is 1.3-2.5 K 1.

The ratio of less than 0.5 indicates a violation of the ripening of an egg cell, and an increase of more than 2.5 is caused by polycystic ovary syndrome.

Deviation in a large or smaller side is a reason for an in-depth examination.

What it is, for which the Hormones of FSH and LH in women are responsible, what are their norms, how to pass the blood test to determine the level, will tell the video:

What does decrease mean

Low FSH in women does not always indicate deviationsin a state of health. Most likely, the doctor will prescribe a re-study.

Cause a decrease in the amount of FSH in a woman can receive drugs. These include:

• anabolic steroids (Nerochol, retabolil);
• anticonvulsant preparations (carbamazepine, depair);
• glucocorticosteroids (prednisone);
• preparations for oral contraception (regulation, zhinin, nineteen and others).

The value of follitropine is always reduced upon the occurrence of pregnancy. In pregnant women, the value of FSH is maintained low until the birth and postpartum period. The amount of this substance decreases with low-calorie diets.

In more rare cases the decrease in FSH is caused by pathologies. Such states include disorders of hypothalamus and pituitary, excess prolactin, cysts and ovarian tumors.

However, it is not necessary to worry ahead of time - these diseases are infrequent.

To eliminate dangerous diseases, the doctor will appoint additional research (determination of the content of hormones in the blood, ultrasound examination of the organs of the small pelvis and others).

How to raise content

If the value turned out to be low, you can recall the analysis next month. To correct the situation, you need pay attention to food. Falling and anorexia depress the synthesis of follitropine.

It is necessary to abandon exhausting diets, add products to the ration that increases FSH products.

These include:

• sea cabbage;
• leaf salad;
• sea fish (salmon, trout);
• nuts, seeds;
• avocado.

Stresses should be avoided, excessive physical exertion. Common massage, bathtubs with essential oils (jasmine, neroli, sage, lavender) will relax.

The daily night sleep is important at least eight hours. With a healthy diet, observing the sleep mode and recreation is the likelihood that the next test will turn out to be normal.

Causes of raising

Cause an increase in the number of hormone can reception of some drugs. These include:

• anti-Parkinsonic agents (bromocriptine, levodopa);
• medications for the treatment of stomach ulcers (cimetidine, ranitidine);
• antifungal preparations (fluconazole, ketoconazole);
• antidiabetic agents (metformin);
• drugs to reduce cholesterol (rutastatin, atorvastatin);
• vitamins of group B (biotin).

High level of FSH - norm during menopause.

The pathologically elevated level of FSH is observed in women after severe infections and intoxication, with endometriosis, ovarian cysts, ovarian tumors and pituitary glands.

The amount of follicle-stimulating hormone increases in chronic alcoholism.

How to reduce the number

How to lower FSH? Before repeated research need to make changes to the diet. Should be excluded from the diet vegetable oil, Fatty types of fish (mackerel, saira, herring, spas, halibut).

It is necessary to completely abandon the use of alcohol.

An excess body mass in a woman causes deviations in the endocrine system and, of course, shows the result of the analysis on FSH above the norm.

If the body weight index value is 24 or more, you need to take measures to reduce weight: increase physical activity, reduce calorie diet.

When to consult a doctor

If the follitropine content test was not appointed by the doctor, the consultation of the specialist may be necessary. It is necessary to make an appointment if the study revealed an increase in FSH.

If the amount of this substance turned out to be reduced, you can wait and make another analysis. Reason to appeal to a specialist - Reduced follitropine in repeated tests.

Endocrinologist is engaged in hormonal violations, but if there is complaints from the reproductive system (pain at the bottom of the abdomen, unusual allocations from the vagina) you can first contact the gynecologist.

In some clinics there is a reproductologistwhich will help in case a woman plans pregnancy.

A decrease or increase in the content of the follicularity of the hormone causes natural causes (stress, alcohol consumption, diet violations) or serious diseases.

FSH - key link hormonal systemproviding female reproductive health.

In case of deviations in the content of this substance, you need to refer to the doctor in order to keep fertility in the future in order to prevent and make a healthy child.

The hormonal system in women is a clear vertical with the main center of regulation in special areas of the brain - hypothalamus and hypophysies. There are synthesized and accumulated substances that then fall into the blood and stimulate the production of genital hormones. The latter, in turn, regulate the work of reproductive organs and are responsible for the overall condition of the body.

Biochemistry Gormonov

The hypothalamus is the main center that controls the secretion of all hormonal compounds. Gonadotropin-rilizing hormone is formed in its cells, he is gonadoliberin. Finding into the cells of the front lobe of the pituitary gland, it stimulates the secretion of the follicularity and luteinizing hormone. But it takes place not in constant mode, but cyclically. In women in the follicular phase of the cycle every 15 minutes, and in the lutein phase and in pregnant women after 45 minutes.

Interesting fact. The gonadoliberin affects melatonin, which is synthesized during sleep. An increase in the daylight and wake period leads to a decrease in the overwhelming effect of melatonin and enhancing the function of the germ. This is especially noticeable in the spring.

Follitropine synthesis is suppressed by an inhibin protein substance. The folliculizing hormone itself is a glycoproteide consisting of two subunits. In humans and animals, most of the molecule coincides in the structure, but the differences in one of the subunits does not allow the use of a substance of animal origin for medical purposes. It is obtained from the urine of women of the period of menopause to apply for medical purposes.

For which the FSH is responsible for women is reliably known:

• an increase in estrogen;
• transformation of androgen in estrogens;
• regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Follitropine is secreted by both men, only the effect of it applies to the maturation of spermatozoa.

Cycle phases and concentration of hormonal connections

The concentration in the serum of the genital hormones differs in the days of the monthly cycle. From the first day of bleeding there is a countdown of the cycle and the follicular phase, or estrogenic. During this period there is an increase in the follicularity of the hormone. At the same time increases the concentration of estrogen. Under the action of a follitropine in the ovaries on the 5th day of the cycle, the dominant follicle is distinguished, it is it that passes all the stages of ripening, and the egg becomes ready for fertilization. The effect of estrogen spreads to the mucous membrane of the uterus - the proliferative processes are intensified in it, microsuces and the thickness of the epithelium are growing. This prepares the uterus to the likely pregnancy.

The peak of the emissions of FSH and LH corresponds to the rupture of the shell of the follicle and the offensive of ovulation. The follicular phase ends, the Luteinovaya starts when the yellow body formed on the site of the follicle affects the hormonal level. It synthesizes a large number of progesterone, which suppresses principle feedback Hormone production in pituitary gland. If pregnancy does not occur, the yellow body regnets, steroids are reduced, and FSH again starts a cyclic increase.

On average, the monthly cycle lasts 28 days, 14 of them is given to the follicular phase. In girls, the folliculin content is low before the moment of sexual maturation.

Analyzes on FSH

There are indications when it is necessary to take an analysis to a follicle-stimulating hormone for making a diagnosis or search for the causes of pathology:

• infertility;
• delay or premature puberty;
• lack of sexual entry;
• endometriosis;
• the pituitary tumors are questionable.

The analysis allows you to determine the phase of the menstrual cycle and the period of menopause. In girls, the follicle-stimulating kinin rises at night during puberty. This allows you to accurately diagnose the beginning of the organism restructuring and determine its timeliness.

Analysis on FSH is necessary for the differential diagnosis of primary or secondary hormonal disorders. If the cause is in the germ glance, the primary violation of hormonal regulation is established. If there is a pathology of the pituitary gland, then these are secondary violations.

Fence of venous blood for analysis on FSG

Isolated FSG definition is used rarely. It is often determined simultaneously with luteinizing kinine, which helps to make a diagnosis of infertility and choose treatment tactics. The analysis is also necessary to control the hormone therapy of certain diseases.

In order for the results of the study to be reliable, it is necessary to comply with certain rules for the preparation. A few days before the surrender of the analysis, the hormonal drugs cease to take across the doctor. Heavy physical exertion and emotional stresses can also distort the results, they should be avoided during the day before the study.

Analysis is given on an empty stomach. The material studied is venous blood. Each food and smoking can not within 3 hours before analysis.

In women, the norm of the follicularity of the hormone depends on the age and day of the cycle. For research, FSH is prescribed from 3 days cycle and up to 6 inclusive. In some cases, conduct a study at the end of the cycle, for 19-21 days.

Normal indicators during menstruation and up to 6 days 3.5-12.5 MME / ml. At this level, FSH holds up to 14 days with a cycle of 28 days. At the time of ovulation.

Follicle-stimulating hormone elevated or lowered - what does this mean?

It is easy to understand this on the basis of knowledge about the normal cycle. From 13 to 15 days, ovulation occurs, while the hormone concentration reaches 4.7-21.5 MME / ml. After the lutein phase occurs, into which the follicle-sustaming hormone is reduced to 1.2-9 MME / ml.

If the survey is carried out in order to establish the causes of infertility, the tests pass both spouses. Men have no fluctuations in the level of follitropine for a month, so blood can be taken on any day. Normal indicators are at the level of 1.5-12.4 MME / ml. Also for the diagnosis of infertility, the ratio of FSH and LH is taken into account.

The FSH value in women in menopausus is significantly different. During this period, the ovaries are stopped functioning, the concentration of estrogen decreases, which leads to a response increase in the follicularity and luteinizing kinin. For women in the period of menopause, 25.8-134.8 MME / ml is considered to be normally indicators.

Signs of changes in the concentration of hormone

Increased concentration

Decoding research results is associated with a clinical picture of a particular patient. The concentration of the follicularity of the hormone is above the norm is observed under various pathological conditions.

Early Telecom and Menarche

In childhood it will be a symptom of premature puberty. The appearance of the Telecom - secondary sexual signs in the form of hair growth on the pubis and in the armpit depressions is considered to be the noma from 9 years. Even later, the dairy glands increase and only then comes - the first menstruation. The emergence of these signs earlier established period Allows you to suspect premature puberty, which can be confirmed by analyzing for follitropine.

Primary lack of ovarian

It is observed at (premature climax), when a woman under 40 years old is not produced in sufficient estrogen, follicles do not ripen, and ovulation ceases. This state is developing after severe stress, autoimmune and infectious diseases, as well as if manufactured. Radiation and chemotherapy, alcohol abuse act damaging the ovaries and also lead to their insufficiency.

Tomb of ovarian and congenital chromosomal pathologies

And also lead to an increase in the level of FSH. The same condition is observed with congenital chromosomal pathologies:

• sherosezhevsky-Turner syndrome;
• swayer Syndrome.

In both cases, congenital pathologies of the chromosomal apparatus lead to the underdevelopment of ovaries, which means there is an insufficient level of genital steroids. Paulic ripening is broken, girls remain sterile.

The boys have testicular insufficiency, which means that the increased FSH occurs in congenital chromosomal pathology - the syndrome of the clanfelter. The insulated test syndrome is occurring with the congenital absence of tissue sensitivity to androgens, while susceptibility to estrogen is preserved. Therefore, false male hermaphroditism develops: external genital organs are formed on the female type, but there is no uterus and ovaries. With a mild degree of syndrome, the external genital organs will be male, but spermatogenesis and virilization is violated, which is manifested by infertility. The FSH level will correspond to the female, which is considered an increase in concentration for men.

The presence of tumor formations

Tumors also lead to a change in follitropine. Malignant education in the lungs can directly secrete their own hormone. And the pituitary and hypothalamus tumors increase the secretion of FSH due to additional stimulation.

Endometriosis

Women also leads to an increase in FSH. The increase in kinine is considered the norm only during menopause.

Reduced concentration

Reducing the FSH level may occur in the following cases:

• polycystic ovarian syndrome;
• pituitary insufficiency and dwarfism;
• shikhan syndrome;
• gonadillaberin deficiency is the congenital condition of Callman syndrome;
• ovarian tumors, testicular testicles in men, adrenal glands, which produce excess estrogen and androgen;
• anorexia or starvation, exhausting diets;
• hemochromatosis.

Hormone levels on the phases of the menstrual cycle

In what cases will the results of the analysis may be incorrect?

In some cases, the results of the analysis may be distorted under the influence external factors. Reception of radioisotopic substances, hormonal drugs, pregnancy, conducting MRI and smoking before research distort its results. Wrong blood intake, which leads to hemolysis, will also give incorrect analysis results.

The following drugs increase the following medicines:

• Bromkriptin;
• Danazole;
• Tamiphene;
• Hydrocortisone;
• Ketoconazole;
• Metformin;
• Tamoxifen;
• Biotin.

Follitropine drugs are lowered:

• anabolic steroid;
• anticonvulsants;
• prednisone;
• cortikolyiberin;
• combined.

If a low result was obtained during the study, then such an analysis is repeated. Due to the cyclical emission of the hormone, the analysis was possible to be taken during the period of reduced concentration. With an elevated level of the follicle-sufficient hormone, it is not necessary to repeat the analysis.

Ways to influence FSG

For the occurrence of pregnancy, a normal concentration of hormones is necessary.

How to increase the follicle-stimulating hormone without taking medication?

It is necessary to revise your lifestyle and nutrition. The diet should have a sufficient number of green vegetables and seafood, as well as sea fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids. It is recommended to normalize your weight: when obesity, it is reset to reset at least 10% of overweight, with a deficient - to recover.

Treatment increased level The follicle-stimulating hormone depends on the cause:

• In the excess of prolactin, preparations are prescribed to reduce it (bromocriptine).
• In tumors, the pituitary glands is carried out operational treatment with the removal of the pathological focus. Ovarian cysts are treated with medication or surgically. The treatment of endometriosis depends on its size and localization. It is possible to receive drugs causing drug castration (Zoladex, Busushelin) and the subsequent surgical removal of foci, which are preserved. Or applies only operational treatment.
• In case of insufficiency of ovaries and violation of puberty, an increase in FSH can be adjusted with replacement hormone therapy, when synthetic estrogen preparations are prescribed in combination with progesterone. The same treatment is applied at.

Unlike men, women love change. They change the hairstyle, hair color, nails and image as a whole. Even their mood is inclined to change. And the joy suddenly replaced sadness, is in no way connected with changes in life. Very often the reason for this is the hormonal imbalance in the body. However, the change in the hormonal background is not always a deviation, and it occurs in the body of any healthy woman.

Men hormonal background is more stable. In contrast, the female body during life often have to experience fluctuations in the level of hormones, the reason for which various factors serve, including the phase of the menstrual cycle, stress and various diseases, among other things, are colds. However, a persistent decrease or increase in the norm of hormones can lead to the development of gynecological diseases and even infertility. In addition, the lack or surplus of sex hormones lead to a violation of the emotional state and the change in appearance.

On the need to contact a specialist and pass the analysis to hormones indicate the following symptoms:

• low resistance to stress;
• sleep disorders;
• incessant feeling of fatigue and brokenness;
• reduction of protective functions of the body;
• exposure to viral diseases;
• age changes;
• dustless mood change;
• excessive selection of sweat;
• violation of the menstrual cycle and amenorrhea;
• swelling;
• dusty increase or decrease in body weight;
• latency in sexual development;
• multiple misunderstanding;
• polycystic ovarian;
• neoplasms in the ovaries;
• skin problems;
• hair loss or excessive growth in unsuitable places.

Functions of estrogen in the body of women

The pituitary hormones that are important to preserve the reproductive function and the body as a whole include the following:

• follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH);
• somatotropic;

Among the hormones produced by the thyroid gland, the greatest value for the female body represents thyroxin.

The norms of the content of hormones in the blood in women

The blood test for hormones is taken into three approaches. The reason for this is the factor that in the feminine organism, their level is constantly changing depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Currently, a special technique is applied, on the basis of which the blood delivery is provided for determining the level of hormones in women three times per cycle. Cycles are calculated from the first day of the start of menstruation. This rule does not apply to girls under the age of puberty, and women during menopause.

In general, the table of the standards of hormones in women should be like that.

Follicle-stimulating hormone or FSH

The follicle-stimulating hormone is produced in the front of the pituitary gland with the assistance of gonadoliberin - hypothalamus hormone. If the hormones are normal, a follicle is formed in the female organism in one of the ovaries, in which the egg ripen. If ovulation occurs, the follicle bursts, and the egg selection comes out. The residue of the follicle is converted into a yellow body, which produces progesterone over the period of pregnancy. In the event of not fertilization of the egg, the yellow body is destroyed, causing menstruation.

Increased hormone levels may indicate the following states:

• disorders of the ovarian functioning;
• benign or malignant education in the hypophysies;
• alcoholism;
• radiation by X-rays.

The decrease in the amount of FSH may be present in the polycysticity of the ovaries and overweight, as well as in the presence of genetic diseases.

LG

It is produced in a pair with the previous hormone. And its main function is the impact on the ripening follicle. LH takes an active part in ovulation and the development of estrogen.

The excess of the LG norm may be observed in the following pathologies:

• violation of ovarian functions;
• neoplasms in hypophysies;
• frequent stress;
• long starvation;

Prolactin

In adolescence, the production of prolactin contributes to the growth of the mammary glands in girls. In the future, only pregnancy is capable of improving its level. And after childbirth, its main function is to develop milk. During the remaining periods of life, its level in the blood of women is very low.

Excess prolactin rate indicates the following states:

• about pregnancy;
• on the presence of a tumor in the pituitary
• pituitary tumor.

DGEA-C is the testosterone predecessor, namely, its backup form allocated if necessary. Given the peculiarities of the hormone location, the reason for increasing testosterone is determined on the basis of this analysis. If at a high level of testosterone, a low concentration of DGEA-C is diagnosed, this means that the reason lies in the pathology of the ovaries. If a high figure for both hormones has emerged as a result of the analysis, it means that the adrenal disease is diagnosed.

Estradiol and progesterone

Analyzes indicating the increased content of hormones in the blood can be due to the presence of a tumor in the ovaries or adrenal glands. The norm of female hormones increases in the excess of adipose tissue, since the fat cells take an active part in the development of estrogen.

Progesterone is actively produced in the second phase of the menstrual cycle. No wonder that excess of its norm may testify exclusively about pregnancy. However, in some cases, the increase in the indicator may be the cause of the tumor in the ovaries or adrenal glands.

Conclusion

Normal hormonal background is a basis for health for all people. Excessive concentration of hormones, as well as their disadvantage, are able to negatively affect the general condition of the body. Therefore, if any sign appeared, indicating a hormonal imbalance, both in women and men, should appeal to the doctor and pass the blood test to the hormones. Improve or reduce their level only under the supervision of a specialist.

Bibliography

1. Fundamentals and functional systems: lectures / ed. K. V. Sudakov. - M.: Medicine. - 2000. -784 p.;
2. Popova, Julia Women's hormone diseases. Self effective methods Treatment / Julia Popova. - M.: Wings, 2015. - 160 C
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The main center of the human hormonal system is located in the brain. The FSG hormone (folliculosulting) is responsible for a number of processes in the body. Hormonal concentration is inconsistent, it fluctuates during a monthly cycle.

The role of FSH in the body

Follicle-stimulating hormone plays a huge role in the body. Consider more detail for which this substance is responsible for women.

• Ripening follicle.
• Development.
• Ovulation.
• Decay androgen.
• Cycle regularity.

The follicleness is produced in men, it affects the process of aging spermatozoa.

Cycle phases and hormone FSG

The start of the start of the cycle begins on the first day of menstruation. Initially, an estrogen (follicular) phase is underway, in which estradiol and associated substances increase their presence in the blood. In the ovaries on the 5th day of the cycle, a dominant follicle is produced, which gradually matures.

The maximum emission of FSH and LH (lutein hormone) occurs when the follicle bursts and ovulation happens. At this time, the Luteiny cycle phase begins when the main impact has a yellow body. The cycle lasts 21-36 days, two weeks are given on the follicular phase. Before the onset of menarche, the FSH content is low, as in menopause.

Hormonal Level

The analyzes for the content of the follicularity of the hormone are needed for an accurate diagnosis and clarify the causes of the patients in the patient. Analysis on FSH is necessary in the following states.

• Infertility.
• Repeated miscarriages.
• Delay in development.
• Weak or absent libido.
• , problems with menstruation.
• Endometriosis.
• Neof formation in the pituitary gland.

According to the analysis, it is possible to determine the period of menopause or the phase of the cycle. In the period of puberty at night, the number of the follicleness is somewhat rising. It helps to diagnose changes in the adolescence. The analysis is needed to diagnose hormonal imbalance in the body. If it turns out that FSH has a normal level, then the problem is hidden in the germ glanes. In the pathology of the pituitary gland, the folliculic content is elevated or lowered.

Separately, the blood pressure on FSH is rarely appointed, more often - together with LH. This allows you to identify the cause of infertility and choose the correct therapeutic strategy.

Sometimes the hormonal level will be found as a control marker in the treatment of certain diseases. In order for the results of the tests to be accurate, it is important to comply with some requirements.

A week before the blood fence in prior agreement with the doctor, it is necessary to stop drinking oral contraceptives and some other drugs. Powerful physical exertion and psycho-emotional tests will definitely affect the results.

Therefore, in two days before analyzes, you need to relax physically and morally. The fence of the biological material is carried out on an empty stomach. The study is subject to only blood of their veins. 8-12 hours before the analysis can not eat. Smoking is also prohibited by at least three hours before handing blood.

An analysis rate depends on age, cycle day and even time of day. Usually the doctor indicates that it is necessary to donate blood strictly from the third on the sixth day. Sometimes research is conducted from the 19th to the 21st day. Each endocrinologist has a table on which decryption is conducted. You can also look at it below. Normal are indicators of 1-6 cycle day from 3.5 MME / ml to 12, 5 MME / ml. At this level, the body holds to the ovulation itself. If the female cycle is standard and is four weeks, the decline begins on day 15.

FSH Norma

Ovulation with a normal 28-day cycle happens to 13-15 days, FSH reaches its peak value in the range of 4.7-21.5 MME / ml. After ovulation, the organism is restructuring when the hormonal balance is achieved due to the maximum functioning of the yellow body. At this time, the follicularitymologist decreases to its minimum value in the range from 1.2 MME / ml to 9 MME / ml.

FSH indicators B. different periods cycle

If the doctor's task is to find the reasons for infertility with a married couple, then the husband and wife are examined. In the male half of the population, the follicle-sufficient will remain approximately one level for a month. The norm in men is always at the level of 1,5mm / ml to 12.4 ml / ml. For diagnostics, you need to additionally know the number of lutein in the body.

The norm of the hormone in menopause in women is very different from its values \u200b\u200bin the reproductive period. In menopause, the ovaries do not work, the level of estradiol hormone is catastrophically reduced. In menopause, the normal value of the follicitymulent increases. Depending on the laboratory and the reagents existing there, indicators in menopause are indicated in the range of 25.8MME / ml-134.8MME / ml.

FSG indicators in different periods of life

High FSH

The doctor decrypts the result only on the basis of the analysis of the general clinical picture of a specific woman. It takes into account her age, health condition, preparations and even mood. The increase in FSH is observed with strictly certain states that are well studied.

Usually the girl is developing according to a specific scheme. At first, her hair began to grow in armpits and on the pubic, the chest increases. Normally, this happens in nine-fourteen years. Menarche begins somewhat later - the first menstruation. If the exhaust, breast growth and menstruation begins before nine years old, the child should be shown to the children's gynecologist. The first diagnosis that the doctor suspects in such a situation is premature maturation. To confirm the diagnosis, the child will guide blood to the FSH level. In such a situation, it will be elevated.

The second diagnosis accompanied by an excess FSH is the depletion of ovaries. Usually, the ovaries begin to be exhausted after forty years, but sometimes it happens earlier. In this case, they talk about premature climax. Women with early climax produces little estradiol, the follicles do not have time to mature to the desired stage, ovulation does not occur.

The early start of Climaks cannot be considered a physiological phenomenon. This usually happens after a strong stress, as a result of infection or an autoimmune disease. The reason may serve as a surgical surgery for the ovarian resection.

Treatment of oncology with the help of chemotherapy, the abuse of alcoholic beverages also adversely affects the state of ovaries, causing them early insufficiency.

There may be a cause of an increased follicle-wing hormone of the neoplasm for the ovaries or congenital genetic diseases. Congenital chromosomal set anomalies cause underdevelopment of sex hormones, puberty is disturbed, the woman remains fruitless. The boys have a high FSH with congenital anomalies, men's genitals develop female imageBut without the ability to give birth to children.

Tumors necessarily affect most hormones in the body. Malignant tumors in the lungs produce hormone themselves. The neoplasms in the brain also increase the allocation of hormones several times. Some benign tissue growths also lead to excess FSH production. An increase in this hormone is normal only in age when a woman has already occurred menopause.

Low FSH

Reducing the level of hormone occurs at the following diseases and conditions.

• Polycystic ovaries.
• Weakness of the functions of the pituitary.
• Gonadolireric deficiency.
• Insufficient blood supply to the fetus during childbirth.
• New formation in the ovaries.
• Tumors in adrenal glands.
• Lack of weight.
• Hard diet.
• Excessive accumulation of iron in the body.

Errors in analyzes

Sometimes the results of laboratory studies are erroneous, they are distorted under the influence of external circumstances. So circumstances refer to the reception of some hormonal and some other tablets, radioisotope substances.

The patient's pregnancy distorts the result, smoking before analyzing, holding the on the eve of magnetic resonance tomography. The error of the nurse, which incorrectly conducted blood pressure, leads to hemolysis and incorrect results.

Reception of a number of anabolic steroids and hormones, anticonvulsant pills reduces the amount of FSH. Therefore, with low hormone indicators, the analysis is always repeated after a detailed question of the patient. The hormones are produced in the body cyclically, therefore the fence of the materials could be carried out at the peak of a reduced concentration. With a high hormone, the analysis does not duplicate.

How to influence FSH

When preparing for pregnancy, a woman is important. FSH can be increased without receiving medicines if its decrease is not critical. In such situations, the endocrinologist recommends reconsider the power and lifestyle. For the normal operation of the hormonal system in nutrition, greens and seafood must be present. To replenish the body with fatty acids it is necessary to add marine fish to the diet.

The doctor will definitely relate to reset overweight. Weight reduction even by 5-10% will lead to a significant improvement in health status. Excess thinness is also harmful to the female body, it becomes frequent cause Hormonal insufficiency.

The treatment circuit of an increased FSH depends solely on the causes that caused pathology.

• If the reason for the redundancy of prolactin, then the drug is prescribed to reduce the follicularity of the hormone.
• The neoplasms of the pituitary gland need surgical treatment in order to remove the pathological growth of the tissue.
• Cysts in the ovaries are treated in two ways: the appointment of hormonal drugs or using a surgical operation.
• Endometriosis is treated in different ways, the choice of method depends on the localization of the pathological process. The surgical scraping of the uterine cavity is often used. Previous preparations for pharmacological castration can be assigned, after taking drugs, the remaining foci of endometriosis are removed.
• If the failure of the ovaries led to the lag in development, the high FSH is treated by correction using substitution therapy. Usually a synthetic estradiol is assigned together with progesterone or its counterparts. Similar treatment is carried out with early climax.

Hormone FSH is necessary for the normal operation of the entire body. To make sure that the cause of the disease has become a lack or oversupply of this hormone, you need to pass venous blood. According to the results of the survey, the doctor will appoint treatment.

Balanced nutrition, moderate loads and peace of mind will help to quickly restore balance. Hard diets, obesity, hypodynamics and bad habits Harm women's health and significantly complicate treatment.