There are several ways to start a fire: friction, drilling, carving, focusing the sun's rays, but each of them has varieties. The ability to make a fire in the wilderness often depends on the question of survival, so read carefully, maybe it will come in handy.

1. A lens from a package, condom, bottle

We fill a transparent bag or plastic bottle water and try to focus the sun's rays. To dilute in a windless place, it is better to strengthen the "lens" and leave it. It will light up, it will definitely light up.

2. Mirror from a tin can

The bottom of a beer can is a concave mirror that can focus the sun's rays, if polished it can be used to make fire.

3. Ice lens

In one of the Mythbusters seasons, the presenters made fire using a lens made of ice, made in the shape of a ball. Means from ready-made ice you can knock out the lens and get fire. To create such a lens yourself, you can pour water into the bag and give it the shape of a ball, overlaid with snow or soil. When it freezes, you get a lens.

4. Blacksmithing method

If you hit the nail with a hammer for 3 minutes while turning it, then you can light a cigarette from the nail, respectively, and the tinder can be set on fire.

5. Flint carving

A piece of steel, preferably hardened, is suitable as a chair. And with flint it is heavier, even though this flint is lying on the road. Soft rocks will not give a spark, you need to find a very hard stone.

Usually, such stones resemble glass of a dull, or even transparent appearance. It is impossible to knock out a spark from a rounded stone; the pebbles must be split and a spark must be struck from a sharp edge. Try a few stones for a spark and take the sparkling one.

The tinder must be very dry, it must be collected from fine wood fibers, cotton socks are suitable, the cotton-like fluff of plants ignites from the slightest spark, carve in a windless place, it is recommended to keep the tinder over flint.

6. Rubbing the rope against a dry stick

A pine stick, there is a split in it, rubbing into it, put it so that there is space under the stick. A rope is needed, preferably made of natural fibers, attach pieces of wood at the ends, like a chain saw. And, accordingly, saw, Shura. Saw with great pressure in quick short strokes. Literally at the count of "ten" it starts to smoke. All that remains is to fan the fire.

7. Friction of a cotton ball

Place a piece of cotton wool from a quilted jacket, for example, between two dry boards, and iron back and forth until it smolders. According to the stories of old people, fire is very easy to get.

8. Rubbing a stick on another stick

In a dry, soft wood plank, make a groove into which you want to insert a hard wood stick at a 45-degree angle. Pressing on the stick from above, drive it along the groove of the lower board, at the extreme point the worn out material will collect, after a while the solid stick will pick up desired temperature... Puffs of smoke will appear first. Then you can observe how the chocolate-colored wood powder begins to accumulate. Individual particles of this powder, entrained fast movement are thrown out further. You can clearly see them falling, smoking, although no sparks are visible.

The seat of combustion occurs where a heap of hot powder accumulates, where air flows freely and supports combustion.

9. Drilling

In soft dry wood, make a depression and a groove for air intake, take a hard dry stick and insert it into the cavity, covering it with a stone on top.
Place kindling material, tinder or wick, moss, lint, etc. around the recess. Set the dry firm stick in motion with the onion, which is overlapped on the stick.

The best results in time are obtained by drilling pine beech. It is not recommended to use linden and aspen for this purpose.

10. Potato lighter

In order to light a fire, you first need to make, so to speak, an “electric generator”.
To create a generator, you will need:

• Potato
• 2 toothpicks
• Knife and teaspoon (Optional)
• 2 wires
• , n-th number

The wires must be stripped! Cut the potatoes into two halves with. Pass the wires through the half of the potato. Using a spoon, make a notch (dimple) in the other half of the potato - the size of the dimple is equal to the size of the spoon. Mix the toothpaste with the salt and fill the cavity in the half of the potato with it.

Connect the 2 halves (the wires on the inside should be bent, but so that they are dipped in toothpaste). Combine the halves of the potatoes with toothpicks

To make a fire, wind a piece of cotton wool around one of the wires. Wait a couple of minutes (the battery should be charged). Then you should bring the wires to each other until a spark occurs.

Do you consider yourself a modern person? Do you really think that you can handle any complexity and problem? In principle, it can be assumed that this is the case. But, as practice shows, the average person can be proud of his omnipotence only as long as he does not leave his usual habitat. Check it out?

Section 1. How to light a fire without matches? Relevance of the issue

21st century in the yard. We have learned to fly to the moon, with the help of the Internet you can find almost any information, and foreign languages ​​can already be learned without leaving your computer. All this is called scientific and technological progress.

What about the simpler but vital things? Have you ever wondered if you can modern man survive, say, in the wild? Does he know, without matches or how to build at least a temporary shelter from the rain? Sadly, the answers to these questions are likely to be negative.

In general, if we turn to statistics, it turns out that most of the city dwellers cannot light a fire even with a lighter, but about different ways production of fire and do not guess at all.

That is why you should not forget about the school of survival. You never know where and when it can come in handy. There is an opinion that every man should know how to extract fire without matches, but women should also heed our advice today. This, you see, is the most important skill for survival.

Section 2. We list the main ways to solve the problem

How to make fire without matches in the forest? Is this even possible?

It is absolutely clear that any moisture or dampness will ruin all undertakings. Here, it would seem, there is nothing to argue about. Even a junior student guesses that in order to get a fire in the forest without matches or when using them (at this stage this is not so important), dry rags or leaves will be needed, by the way, ropes, gauze, crushed bark or dry moss, etc. Let me point out that this is only a minimal set of ingredients. So to speak, the most accessible to the common man in the street.

From a scientific point of view, there are four main methods to solve the problem:

• chemical;
• textbook (with a lens);
• using friction force;
• solid.

Now let's talk about each of them in more detail.

Section 3. Chemical method

Probably, even from school, some of us remember that a flammable mixture can be caused by the reaction of potassium permanganate and glycerin. If you have access to these components for "cooking" the fire, feel free to act! In this case, you can easily solve the problem of how to light a fire without matches in the field. Just 1 g of potassium permanganate, poured onto prepared rags, and a couple of drops of glycerin are enough. But I would like to warn you right away: as soon as you drop glycerin, quickly remove your hand, because the fire will immediately start devouring the offered "gifts".

Section 4. How to light a fire without matches. Long, but reliable - a textbook way

Using a lens from glasses, binoculars, a telescope, a convex bottle, aquarium or other shaped glass, you can focus the sunbeam to create a fire. For example, Robinson Crusoe from a well-known and beloved from childhood book, before getting fire without matches (what matches and a lighter can be on the island?!?), Diligently used glass from watches.

Section 5. Are you ready to work hard? Tedious way

You can make a fire, although this is a very tedious and not always productive activity. To begin with, a bow is made from soft woods, but a rope will perfectly perform the role of a bowstring. Any sharpened stick will act as a "drill". The support should be made of dry, hard wood such as pine or oak.

The starting material is first cleaned from the bark. Then you need to drill a hole in it 1-1.5 cm deep and carefully overlay it with tinder. The drill needs to be wrapped with a bowstring, inserted in one ring into the hole, tinder should be tightly laid around. Only after that, firmly pressing the drill with your palm, you need to quickly move the bow with your right hand. This should be done perpendicular to the drill. Important: in order not to damage the palm, a cloth gasket is placed between the drill and the hand, it can be replaced with tree bark. After the tinder is smoldering, it must be well inflated and the kindling that has been prepared in advance put in.

Section 6. The hard way

Any stone can be used as a material for this method. It is convenient enough to knock out a spark with a steel knife or other metal objects. It is difficult to predict the success of such an activity, because it all depends on luck and a very dry base for a fire.

Section 7. "Diligence and work will grind everything"

It should be warned right away that making fire by friction is the most difficult method. It's definitely not for the faint of heart.

In general, there is different methods allowing you to get fire by friction. However, the most important aspect is the type of wood used for the plank and spindle.

A spindle is a stick that you twist to create friction between it and the board. Juniper, cypress, aspen, willow, cedar, walnut are considered the best materials for plank and spindle. To use wood for the production of fire by the method of friction, as, in principle, any other, wood must be taken exclusively dry.

Section 8. Hand Drill Method

To be honest, it is the most primitive, but at the same time the most basic and difficult. All that is required in this case is a tree, tireless hands and determination.

Build a tinder nest. As tinder, a material that ignites from a single spark, it is best to use:

• birch bark;
• dry grass;
• pine needles;
• wood shavings;
• tinder fungi (crushed and dry mushrooms);
• wax paper;
• fluffed cotton wool;
• burnt cotton fabric;
• fir cones.

Make an incision by cutting a small indentation on the board. It is worth putting bark under this cutout in order to catch the ember arising from friction. Start rotating by placing the spindle in the recess. Typically, it needs to be about 50 centimeters long for this method to work properly. Rotate the stick between your palms until an ember appears.

As soon as a spark appears, quickly transfer it to the previously prepared tinder nest. Blow gently on it, everything is ready - the fire is burning.

Section 9. The method of the fiery bow

It is considered the most effective way extraction of fire, which is based on friction. In this case, you will need to use a bow and a borav.

Craft a tight bow. To do this, pull a rope, belt, lace on a stick. Then make a hole in the dry wood. Then quickly and for a long time twist the shaft in the hole with a bow. You should end up with a black powder. As soon as a spark appears in it, it must be transferred to the tinder.

Section 10. Flint and Flint

In general, it should be noted that this is an old and reliable backup option for those who do not know how to make fire without matches in a forest or in an open area.

Basically, good idea- this is to constantly take flint with you on a hike. After all, matches can get wet and be useless. Otherwise, you can still get a spark from a piece of flint.

Flint remains the ideal option. In addition, you can always improvise with quartzite and a steel blade of any knife.

But that's not all. According to experts, you definitely need a charred piece of cloth, which can be replaced with a dry piece of mushroom, birch bark.

1. Take stone and cloth.
2. Place a piece of stone between your thumb and forefinger, with the edge protruding 7 centimeters.
3. Hold the fabric securely with your thumb and flint.
4. Start casting sparks. To do this, hit the flint with steel or a knife blade several times, you will see that sparks will fly to the fabric, thereby causing a glow.
5. Place the sparkling cloth in the tinder and blow gently to ignite the fire.

Section 11. Using a lens

In general, all methods based on obtaining fire with the help of lenses are considered the easiest. Before starting a fire without matches, you just need to focus the sun's rays on a specific place.

Also suitable for this purpose:

• magnifying glass;
• glasses;
• binoculars.

By the way, if you add a little water to the lens, the light beam will become more intense. Try to tilt the glass in such a way as to focus the rays to a point with the smallest possible diameter. Put tinder in this place, soon you can get fire.

The only drawback of this method is that it only works when the sun is present. And at night you will have to use other methods.

Section 12. Creative approach

Not sure how to light a fire without matches? Try to do it in an original way - and have fun yourself, and surprise your friends.

So, in addition to traditional ways there are three completely unusual, but rather effective method which are based on the refraction of rays.

1. Balloons and condoms. If you fill in balloon or a condom with water, they will turn into a lens. True, they should be kept at the least from the tinder - by 1-2 cm.
2. Fire from ice. Get fire from a piece of ice. This method is extremely useful for winter camping. But for the method to work, the ice must be completely transparent and about 5 centimeters thick. Then shape the ice into a lens shape, polish it with your hands until it is smooth, and use it like a traditional lens.
3. Coca-Cola and chocolate. You will also need chocolate. Moreover, the bottom of the first should be polished with the second; toothpaste is also suitable. After grinding, you get a parabolic mirror. It remains only to catch sunlight and where the rays are focused, put the tinder.

The admin of the group pinned me here Survival School RF with an affectionate voice and an acute Uzbek knife in his hands, help him shoot a video about extraction of fire in the good old-fashioned way, with the help of the same flint that was, read, each of our ancestors in the brake some 150 years ago. Almost yesterday.

The video attached below is exactly the same video. The woods are damp now, chances a piece of iron and hurriedly light a fire not too much. If everything was not so fast, then I would have picked the "dry" leaves, kicked the bark from the "dry" branches, maybe "dry" grass, put it all under my jacket and walked around the house for a couple of hours. For example, collecting brushwood, preparing firewood for the future bonfire... We are here for this?

For a couple of hours, "dry" blanks for tinder / kindling would definitely have dried up and stirring them up "into tow" would have become easier and there would be more sense from that "tow". But…

But, taking into account the brutal admin arguments, I had to agree and do it from the kandachka: I instructed one comrade to coward the bark, plan a dry branch on "cotton wool" to another, and I myself found not too dry leaves, how it happened. In general, the resulting material was not particularly enthusiastic. I have never felt worse. But the result is in the video.

And then questions arose: “ Yes, what for these troubles with a piece of iron, burnt rags, stones, boxes, when you can use cheap Chinese ferrocerium flint"Chirk" - and order? Well, on-shit-on ?!«.

In principle, it is enough for such a person to answer in the same style of a graduate of a correctional school: “ Yes, why the heck all these troubles with ferrocerium flint, knives and other belongings, when a teal with an ordinary lighter - and already ready Fire? Well, on-shit-on ?!«.

And his question is immediately reset to zero =)

My answer is this:

Just to have one more fire skill when you don't have traditional funds. And a file, or any other piece of iron that gives spark on stone do you have or know where to find it. And with this knowledge and skill get fire... More such a set is not needed for anything. And even carrying it with you is not at all necessary.

O! No, I forgot: still for fun =)

There are other ways receiving fire without matches, lighters, modern ferrocerium fires... And owning each of them gives you a lot of confidence in a wide variety of situations. That you will not freeze, prepare your own food, in situations where the other will fold his paws. It doesn't give anything else. No sacred "religious" entity in possession of ten ways of unconventional lighting a fire no. Who does not need - that does not need.

How to start a fire in a wet forest?

Spring forest. Damp, already dirty snow, the air saturated with moisture, icy water dust is falling from the sky. Even the birch bark on the birches seems damp through and through, although this is simply impossible. There is no question of dry grass, rare, miraculously survived on the branches, last year's leaves sagged, saturated with moisture. You have a flint, tinder, but no kindling, so that you can get fire from the resulting ember. Hopelessness ...

What to do to make a bonfire despite the obvious depressiveness of the situation?

First, get hold of a good piece of birch bark, sufficient to roll a horn or tube ~ 5 cm in diameter or more out of it.

Look around. If within sight there is coniferous trees, then you need the lower branch debris. A length of 10-15 cm from the trunk is what you need. Saw, break, chop a few of these branches. Brush them down to a semi-translucent amber core. Even if the whole branch is already completely wet (which is very unlikely), this core of it will burn perfectly. In such resin-soaked wood, water simply will not seep. This is out of the question. Trim these resinous cores into the finest shavings. here rules. You are not one of those who open cans with a knife or use a razor blade to strike flint? No? =)

If we do not have the cores of coniferous twigs at hand, then we extract the inner layers of dry deciduous branches and, with the help of a knife, scrape off wood fluff from them. Let it not be resinous, but at least dry. We try even more carefully than in the "coniferous" version. As if from this our life depends... By the way, who knows? ... :)))

The fluffier, thinner shavings you get, the better. In the photo, I frankly made a freebie. It is necessary to plan even more carefully and subtly. Like fluff. Basically, we are now doing a dry grass replacement. It is nowhere to be found and is not expected, but we need a similar fibrous, fast-flammable structure. So we make it out of wood.

We put the resulting rather big rye of this woody "fluff" into a birch bark tube and squeeze it so that we would first give the shape we need. Further, we take out our flint, flint and tinder, and with long familiar movements we quickly get a smoldering coal.

It is important here that since we still cannot do 100% replacement of dry grass torn into "cotton wool", we need to clearly understand that we need a BIG piece tinder which will swell up hot for 10-20 minutes. Or longer. For our task now is not trivial and will require much more and longer heating of the kindling than we are used to.

So, smoldering tinder we got it and put it inside a birch bark tube, buried in the middle of the wood shavings. We twist the pipe and begin to "shaman", alternating blowing through the pipe with waving it with a hand. After 4-5 minutes, we clearly feel the warming of the birch bark pipe. This means that it is already specifically hot inside.

The smoky trail remaining in the air, when waving, confirms that we are already somewhere in the finish line. We continue to intensively fan the heat in the tube for the next few minutes. The process is stable, but there is no obvious progress. Doubts creep in: will not all this gimp into coals be eaten away, and without taking up the fire? It will be pretty bummer. And in a situation survival, so also fatal.

But at some point, when the hand is still behind the back, a characteristic weak clap is heard, which cannot be confused with anything. And now, before our eyes flame, still timidly grasping the edge of a birch bark tube. Uraaaa! Happened!

Now add on top the planed cores of branches, wood chips and anything that seems a little dry. If you have a large piece of birch bark, then its hot, "sticky" fire will have time to dry the placed firewood, so that they would do it.

Well, is the fire ready? And you said that we will not succeed! =)

And finally ...

How to make fire if the forest is completely wet?

The past few days of "magical" weather with torrential rains piqued my excitement to make sure that even in such a wet forest it was possible to contrive to light a fire with the help of flint and armchair... No sooner said than done.

For the base - " fire tube“, I took the birch bark that I love. On "tow" had to collect old leaves that have not yet fallen off. Everything is not as damp as on the ground. Although, crumpled in the hand, they behaved dejectedly: they were not going to peel off and were not going to roll, rather, into some kind of "cigar".

I decided to play it safe with a "dry" branch of larch. Planed almost to the middle, it was still wet to the touch. Well, not surprising in such and such weather!

I tucked leaves under my jacket and hoped that for now I would find a suitable one for arrangement of a fire stump, they will dry out at least a little. While looking appropriate place, while this and that, the leaves really dried up a little and even crunched barely noticeably when I started pulling them "into tow".

Then he cut down wood fluff from a semi-dry stick, cut into thin shavings and, like a cherry in a cocktail, decided to comb more “fluff” from a strip of birch bark. Layer-by-layer stuffed all this stuffing into a pre-rolled birch bark tube and with the help burnt cloth tinder ignited it all. And it caught fire pretty quickly.

The essence of starting a fire by friction is that when rubbing against each other, any objects (including wood) heat up. In this case, wood acts as a rubbing surface. Heating up from friction, it is able to reach a temperature sufficient to form a smoldering tinder, which is often the dust of the same wood.

In theory, this method is simple, in practice it requires enormous implementation effort and certain skills.

There are several known ways to produce fire by friction, but not all of them are applicable in real conditions, taking into account the peculiarities temperate latitudes northern hemisphere (corresponding wood and its moisture content).

The main options for making fire by friction

Most often, to produce fire by friction, the following methods are used:

1. Fiery plow. Here, the smoldering tinder is formed by rubbing a peg against a groove cut in a wooden plank.
2. Hand drill. In this case, embers appear as a result of drilling a wooden plank prepared in a special way.
3. Fire bow. Here everything is the same as in the case of a hand drill, only the drill is driven by the reciprocating movements of the beam.
4. Fiery bamboo. In this case, the pre-prepared kindling begins to smolder, squeezed in the half of the bamboo trunk, with which the other half is “sawed”.

All methods of starting a fire by friction have their own specifics and are quite difficult to implement. To confidently build a fire with their help, preliminary training is required.

Fiery plow

This is one of the most difficult frictional methods of producing fire. Nevertheless, in the absence of a rope, which is needed, for example, for a fire bow, it becomes acceptable for making a fire even in the steppe and forest-steppe.

The essence of the method lies in the fact that when rubbing with a sharp stick on a chute in a log, the walls of the log are heated, hot dust is scraped off from them, which will then swell.

Dry (but not rotten) softwood is suitable for the fire plow. Conifers wood for the purpose of making fire by friction should not be used because of the presence of resin in them, which can prevent the appearance of smoldering tinder. However, if deciduous trees it was not nearby, you can try, for example, using pine sticks.

Some believe that bark can be used as a base to start a friction fire. But this is not true: fire cannot be obtained in this way. If you really use bark, then birch bark and then only as kindling.

In order to get fire with a fiery plow, you need to follow the following algorithm:

1. A plank is made, or a flat platform up to half a meter long is made on a horizontally lying trunk.
2. A shallow groove is cut in the plank for almost the entire length of the plank.
3. A peg up to 30 cm long is cut from the same tree, which is sharpened on one side.
4. The sharp side of the peg is lowered into the groove.
5. The peg is pressed into the bottom of the groove and thus is driven along its entire length to one side and the other.
6. A kindling is placed on the glowing coals formed as a result of friction, or the coals are carefully poured into a kindling kindling rolled up in a nest, after which they are inflated until a fire appears.

Our distant ancestors made fire in this way - by rubbing one piece of dry wood against another using the technology of a fiery plow.

If the peg is made longer (a little more than two meters), the fire plow can be used by two people, which greatly simplifies the work of the person producing the fire. In this case, the person sitting by the piece of wood guides and presses the peg against the groove, and the person standing - presses and moves it in one direction or the other. The video shows how this is organized:

Hand drill

This method of friction fire extraction is mainly used in tropical and equatorial areas where suitable timber is available.

Algorithm of actions:

1. A piece of a small branch is peeled from the bark and split lengthwise into two parts.
2. In one half, a "V" -shaped slot is cut out on the side, in the narrowest part of which, on the outside of the branch, a recess is made for the future drill.
3. A drill is made of the same wood, which is a thin stick sharpened on one side with a length of at least half a meter (with a shorter one it will not be so convenient to work).
4. A stick with a cut-out slot is placed flat side on the ground on a pre-prepared kindling.
5. The drill with its sharp side rests on a recess in a stick lying on the ground.
6. The upper part of the drill is clamped between the palms and rotates with pressure in a movement reminiscent of rubbing the palms during frost. When the palms slide down, without lifting the drills from the lower stick, they must be returned to their original place and continued to rotate.
7. The glowing coals formed as a result of friction inside the crack are carefully dumped on the kindling and inflated until a fire appears.

This method of producing fire by friction was used by ancient people living in hot countries. V modern conditions it can be simplified by using potassium permanganate, which ignites faster than a rod.

If there is potassium permanganate in the tourist's first-aid kit, there will be no problems with making a fire. In a hole made in a log, you need to pour a little of this powder, press it with the end of a small stick, overlaid it with tinder, and make several rotational movements. Friction will cause the tinder to flash and ignite.

An example of such a fire in the taiga in winter is shown in the video:

In our latitudes, it is somewhat difficult to get fire with a hand drill: it will take a lot of time, effort, and wounds can form on the hands, into which an infection can get. Therefore, this method is not widely used, in contrast to the following method.

The video shows how a fire is made in this way in Kenya:

Fire bow and its variation

This method of making a fire by friction has become known as the Indian violin, although it has long been used not only in America, but also on other continents.

In fact, this method is the same as a hand drill, only in this case the rotation is carried out not with the palms, but with the bowstring of the bow, which provides greater speed and, accordingly, higher temperatures. Therefore, it is sometimes called a bow drill.

Outwardly, the device for making such a fire looks like a bow, the string of which is wrapped around a stick.

The wood used is the same as for the fire plow, that is, dry soft hardwood such as alder or aspen. Trees lying on the ground are not suitable for these purposes, as they are likely to be damp or rotten and rotten.

Also, this method requires a rope, which is often used as laces removed from one shoe. The main requirement for a rope is that it must be strong (tourist ropes are very good for this).

To obtain fire with your own hands using a fiery bow, the following is done:

1. Sushina is cut down.
2. A plank is made, or, as in the previous case, the branch is split in half along the fibers.
3. By analogy with the previous method, a "V" -shaped slit and a depression are made at its narrowed end.
4. A drill about 30 cm long is cut from a separate piece of wood, sharpened on both sides.

1. Onions are made. To do this, you can take a curved rather stiff stick up to a meter long and tie a rope to both sides of it. A springy branch will work as well, but it will make it harder to pull the rope as you move the bow forward, which can cause the rope to slip along the drill.
2. Take the second part of the split stick and pick out a small hole in the center of it on the inside. The top of the drill will be inserted into this hole.
3. The bowstring is wrapped around the drill once, the drill is inserted with one end into the lower plank and pressed with the second plank from the top. Both pointed ends of the drill should fit into the corresponding holes. It turns out a bow drill.
4. The person stands on his right knee, and with his left foot presses the lower plate to prevent it from shifting. The bow is in his right hand, and with his left hand he holds the top board with which he presses the drill.
5. The bow is driven in a reciprocating motion, as in drilling, this causes the drill to rotate in the support. As the "V" -shaped gap is filled with tinder, the speed of the bow should be gradually increased, bringing the temperature at the point of contact of the drill with the support plate to the maximum.
6. The smoldering tinder formed as a result of overcoming the frictional force is removed along with the kindling and inflated until a fire appears. The tinder should be in the form of small black needles: only in this case, you can hope for a good result.

I once observed this picture: a young man attached a wooden drill to a drill and drilled a wooden board in the center - there was a lot of smoke, but it did not work out to start a fire. A similar situation can be traced in some books that illustrate images with a similar scheme. It is easy to guess that such a method is doomed to failure, because there is no place for tinder to accumulate in it, which, among other things, simply flies to the sides.

This method of making fire, like those described above, is based on the physical phenomenon of an increase in internal energy due to the performance of work to overcome friction forces.
In our latitudes, it is the most preferable, but it still remains one of the most difficult and energy-consuming (mainly due to the high complexity of bow manufacturing) and requires preliminary processing.

There is also a "relative" of the fire bow, called a pump (pump) drill, but this device is difficult enough to make in conditions of survival and therefore will not be considered in this article. The video shows this option:

Fire bamboo

For obvious reasons, this method of making fire with your own hands is used only in regions where bamboo grows. Only the dried stems of this plant are suitable for him.

Fire is obtained as follows:

1. A dry meter long bamboo trunk is split into two parts.
2. One part (hereinafter referred to as the first part) is shortened to half a meter and a small through hole is made in it in the middle with a knife.
3. From the outside, a transverse groove is made directly along the hole.
4. From the second piece (hereinafter referred to as the second part) of the split bamboo trunk, a wide splinter about 40 cm long is cut off and broken in the middle.
5. The side of the second part of the trunk is made even and its edge is sharpened with a knife - a kind of bamboo blade is obtained.
6. From the second part of the barrel, a knife is scraped off shavings in the form of thin twisted ribbons. For this, the knife blade is held at right angles to the barrel and is positioned across it.
7. The shavings are rolled into a dense ball, divided into two equal parts and placed inside the first part of the barrel directly above the hole (the hole is between them), after which they are pressed from above by a broken chip.
8. The second part of the trunk rests against the stomach with one end, and against the ground with the other. The weight of the body presses it to the ground so as to eliminate displacement during operation.
9. The first part of the trunk with kindling and a chip is taken by two hands at the opposite ends and leaned against the flat side surface ("blade") of the second part with a groove.
10. The reciprocating movement due to friction provides heating sufficient for the formation of smoldering in the pressed wood kindling.
11. The smoldering kindling is transferred to dry grass and blown up until a fire appears.

I have seen another implementation of this method of starting a fire by friction. In it, half of the bamboo trunk with kindling lay on the ground (kindling down), and the other half was sawing. But this method, as for me, is less universal, since it requires at least two people (one to hold the lower part, the second for sawing movements), the soil must be dry so as not to wet the kindling, and you can injure your hands on those lying on ground stones or thorns.

Like other methods of making fire by friction, this one requires prior training. Without such training, a person who finds himself in an emergency situation risks spending a lot of time and effort, while remaining without fire.

As for me, in our latitudes the most acceptable option for making a fire in conditions of survival has been and remains the method of a fiery bow. Although it requires a strong rope, it is it that allows, in comparison with other methods, to spend less effort, which in an emergency situation is always where to apply.

Interesting video: bow drill at work

Polynesian fire plow:

Spring has come, which means it is the season of going out to nature. How to have fun in nature, besides the field kitchen and setting up the camp? We suggest you try several methods of making a fire without matches and lighters. It is exciting, and most importantly, if the result is positive, you will get an invaluable experience that may come in handy someday in your life.

Every experienced hunter, fisherman, and just an avid traveler should know how to get fire without matches. This is the basis for survival in any unforeseen situation. Fire is life, and it is extremely difficult to do without it in harsh field conditions. Matches can be elementary dampened and then traditional and not quite traditional methods and methods of making fire come to the rescue. Some of the methods described below are familiar to man since ancient times, and some are the know-how of modern times, they were invented recently and in some moments are not inferior to the traditional methods of producing fire. Lighting a fire without matches is painstaking and laborious. You can find yourself in the wild under any conditions, and only a fire can save a person.

1. Extraction of fire by friction

This is perhaps the most famous and affordable way receiving fire. It is long and painstaking, so you need to prepare for the fact that it will take a lot of time to get the first spark.

There are certain criteria for the success of such an event, one of which is the correctly selected wood as a core and a board. The tree should be dry, not damp. A rod is called a wooden stick, which will have to be twisted on a board around its axis in order to produce fire, creating the effect of strong friction.

The best types of wood suitable for producing fire by friction are Walnut, cypress, cedar, willow, aspen, pine.

Collect the tinder in a compact pile. Don't put too much tinder on the wood substrate. The tinder itself is made from dry leaves or grass, this light material, which should ignite with a spark. A V-hole is cut in the wood backing and some tinder is placed in the recess of the hole. After that, the wooden rod is placed in the recess and the rotation of the rod begins. To rotate the rod with your hands it was more convenient, you need to take a wooden stick to create a rod with a length of at least sixty centimeters. It is necessary to press the rod on a wooden substrate very carefully, while quickly rotating it between the palms.

After the spark is received, dry moss, juniper, aspen bark should be placed on the board.

One more interesting way extraction of fire without matches, this is the Fiery Plow. For the production of fire using a similar method, a wooden substrate made of dry wood is useful, in the middle of which a recess for the rod is cut. We must forcefully move it up and down. As soon as the tree begins to smolder, it is necessary to put tinder.

A bow drill is another versatile way of getting fire without the use of matches. Unlike manual friction, the spark is produced from the bow more quickly. Since the bow maintains ideal pressure and maximum rotation speed of the wooden rod. As a result, strong friction arises, which helps to produce fire for short time... What is needed for this method? These are, first of all:

• Wooden rod;
• Wooden backing;
• Bow and weight;

With friction, the weight is pressed against the end of the rod, and the rod rotates with a bow. In order not to break the rod, it is necessary to take a less dense and solid weighting agent.

You can use water or oil as a lubricant, so the process will go faster. Let's talk about the bow itself. You can do it yourself. The length of the bow should correspond to the length of an ordinary person's arm. It is better to choose a flexible and pliable vine, the bowstring is made of rope, lace from under the shoes. The bowstring can be made of absolutely anything, but it must be strong and not rip during the production of fire. It is simply pulled over the ends of the vine and the bow is ready to use. A hole is cut in the wooden backing, a wooden rod is placed in the loop of the bowstring. One end of the rod should fit in the hole in the backing and the other in the bowstring. The bow moves in a forward motion, and through this process, fire can be quickly produced. Tinder is added to the embers, and the fire slowly but surely flares up.

2. Extraction of fire with lenses

We all know the standard physics course at school, from which we remember that a beam of solar energy passing through a glass is concentrated at one point. The temperature is so high at this point that it is enough to just bring a paper napkin to it and it will catch fire. This method of producing fire is good for everyone, but there is also a significant disadvantage. You can get fire with a lens only in dry and sunny weather. What is required?

• Lens of any type;
• Tinder collected from dry leaves or grass;

If there is no lens, then ordinary glasses, a piece of glass, a bottom will do aluminum cans, and even ice. By the way, you can dwell in more detail on the production of fire using ice. It would seem that these are two mutually exclusive concepts: ice and flame. But thanks to ice, you can kindle a fire, this is especially useful in winter period when dry leaves or grass are difficult to find. The principle of operation of such an interesting method was also described by Jules Verne. You need to create a lens from regular ice, but the ice should be as clean and transparent as possible.

Thanks to the coordination of the sun's rays, even paper can be set on fire. It is not always possible to find pure ice in nature, but you can freeze simple drinking water... The resulting piece of ice is carefully processed and polished with improvised means. Ice can also be frozen in a spherical container such as a shallow saucer. But you need to remove the ice as carefully as possible so as not to damage it. Ice melts quickly and such a lens must be used as quickly as possible.

As for simple lenses, just take a few dry twigs, leaves, grass and build something that looks like a nest. After the lens is aimed at the tinder, you must carefully monitor the appearance of smoldering and smoke, try to fan the fire.

3. We make fire with the help of chemicals

A simple knowledge of elementary chemistry will help you make fire. Some chemical compositions flammable when rubbed or mixed. But when using this method, individual care must be taken so as not to harm yourself. It is important to avoid physical contact of the chemical with the metal surface. The following compounds contribute to the ignition:

• Potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) and ordinary sugar in a ratio of nine (sugar) to one (potassium permanganate);
• Potassium chlorate and sugar (proportions three to one);
• Potassium permanganate and glycerin;
• Sodium chlorate and sugar (three to one ratio);
• Potassium permanganate and any antifreeze;

Now the question is: where to get these chemical elements? Potassium chloride is a part of some drug against throat diseases (Furacillin). And potassium permanganate and glycerin can be found in the medicine cabinet. The most elementary example: we take a small piece of cotton wool, pour potassium permanganate, then sugar and begin to rub this kind of tinder with a stick.

After a couple of minutes, the cotton wool will ignite. Typical mistake inexperienced people is that they do not observe the correct dosage of ingredients.

4. Getting fire with flint, chisel or silicon

Another method, rooted in a centuries-old history: making fire with flint. Flint was especially popular in the eighteenth century before the invention of ordinary matches. To strike a spark and make a fire, it is enough to have a silicon stone. A couple of blows are enough and you can bring tinder from leaves or dry grass to light a fire. Flame was often used in field conditions or in war. And also, many wear it in theirs. The armchair must be made of metal.

If you're lucky, you can carve sparks for a future fire using silicon. Flint, which is composed of hard rocks of minerals, can be easily found among stones. By the way, flint flint was used in ancient firearms.

5. Condom

After we have looked at the traditional and quite familiar methods of making fire without matches, you can pay attention to alternative methods of making a flame. Let's talk about the most interesting ones. A condom is not only a means of protection, but also an excellent means for making fire without matches. It must be filled with water, the main thing is not to overdo it.

The result is a kind of lens. The light from the sun passing through the condom is focused on the pre-prepared tinder on a wooden backing. As a result, the tinder begins to smolder slowly, all that remains is to fan the flame of fire. Such is the interesting and creative way.

6. Flashlight

You can get fire with a regular flashlight, if, of course, you do not feel sorry for it. The flashlight will have to be broken. The electric part of the light bulb on the lantern is neatly broken (we need to expose the electric arc itself).

We promptly place some tinder, bring up the bare arc and set fire to the tinder.

7. Skating

Do not wash, do it by rolling! In this case, you need regular cotton wool. This old prison know-how consists in the fact that a kind of roller is formed from a simple piece of cotton wool.

The roller begins to roll over the wood surface. After a while, the cotton wool begins to smolder, the cotton wool increases in size, saturated with oxygen. Oxygen itself is a catalyst for the combustion reaction.

8. A can of Coca-Cola and a bar of chocolate.

How can these delicacies help in making fire, you ask? Everything is very simple. Success ingredients sunny day, chocolate and soda can (tin). We open the chocolate and start rubbing the bottom with it. tin can... Of course, it's a pity for chocolate, but what you don't have to sacrifice for the sake of making fire!

Such a clever polish will make the tin bottom shiny and shiny. After polishing, the Coca-Cola can turned into a kind of parabolic mirror. We turn the polished bottom towards the sun and try to set fire to the previously prepared tinder.

8. Wool and batteries

Wool and regular batteries can also come in handy when performing the arduous task of making a fire without matches.

Just stretch the woolen fabric (preferably natural) and quickly rub the piece of wool with the battery. The optimal battery power suitable for such actions is about 9 watts. After long efforts, the wool slowly begins to ignite, it remains to slightly blow on it and put a tinder on it so that the fire starts up faster.

10. Firearms

You can get a saving fire if you have a firearm. It's just that the shot is removed from the cartridge itself, the sleeve can be puffed up with tinder in the form of dry moss, leaves, rolled dry bark and a blank shot at the place where the fire is planned to be held. The rest is just a matter of technology, you need to fan the fire and throw dry branches into it.

At first glance, a rather exotic method, but still very effective in emergency situations.

As you can see, there are tons of ways to make a fire if there are no matches. It is important to know some basic rules, folk tricks and tips that can keep you warm in the forest or even save your life if you suddenly get lost. The experience accumulated over the centuries makes it possible to extract the saving fire from almost any available materials. This does not require a special skill, it is important to apply the maximum amount of effort to produce fire. Fire is life. And a cheerful, crackling fire will warm you in any situation and in any weather.