When the seedlings have already grown and matured enough, and all the stages of caring for it are fully completed, the moment comes for their planting in open ground. Experienced gardeners emphasize that planting tomato seedlings is a crucial moment, and do not underestimate it. This process has features that can accelerate the adaptation of a plant to new conditions, make it strong and resistant to external stimuli. But there are mistakes, making which, the gardener will immediately destroy the plant and make his work and hopes for a big harvest in vain. In order to prevent such consequences, it is necessary to know exactly when and how to properly carry out the process of planting tomato seedlings in open ground.

Planting period

The process of planting tomato seedlings in open ground covers a fairly long period of time - several months from late spring to early summer. More specific terms depend on which variety you have chosen for planting and in which region of the country you live. The only general requirement is that at the time of planting tomato seedlings, the air temperature was not lower than 12 ° C, and frosts are a thing of the past. Colder conditions will immediately kill the seedlings. It is also necessary to evaluate the appearance of the seedlings. Plants are ready for planting when their height is at least 20 cm, and at least 7 good strong healthy leaves appear on the trunk. These are standard parameters and indicate that your seedlings are fully formed.

The tomato is a heat-loving vegetable. In open ground in Russia, it is most often planted in the southern and central regions. In colder conditions, tomatoes do not grow well and it is better to use greenhouses to achieve high yields. What is the optimal period for planting tomatoes, depending on their variety:

• Early varieties of tomatoes in the southern regions can be planted quite early - from April 15 to May 1. As for the Central regions, here the dates are shifted to a later period - from May 1 to May 15;
• Mid-season varieties. Later planting dates are suitable for these types of tomatoes. In the southern regions, tomatoes can be planted from May 1 to 15, and in the Central regions - from June 1 to 10.

Those tomatoes that were planted in the period from April to June 1, it is better to cover with a good film. Although severe frosts by this time are a thing of the past, and temperature indicators become stable, it is still better to protect the seedlings from possible risks. The film should be left until the first days of summer. Those varieties of tomatoes that were planted in open ground in June do not need such protection.

Site selection and soil preparation

The timing of planting tomato seedlings is very important for their successful adaptation and subsequent growth and fruiting. But an even greater role in this process is played by a properly selected and well-prepared area.

Tomatoes are plants that are very fond of light and have a negative attitude towards drafts. Therefore, choose an area with good lighting - the sun should be there for the maximum number of hours of the entire daylight hours. Tomatoes do not tolerate high levels of moisture, so keep an eye on how close the groundwater is to the surface. Also, do not plant tomatoes close to various bodies of water. Pay attention to what grew up there earlier. Legumes or root vegetables are excellent precursors to tomatoes. There is no need to plant seedlings where potatoes, peppers, eggplants or tomatoes were previously grown - there is a very high probability of infection with various fungal or bacterial diseases. Especially late blight.

When the site is selected, it is necessary to prepare the soil. If possible, then this process should be started in the fall. The soil must be dug well and a number of fertilizers must be applied. As a rule, during this period, organic fertilizers are used in large quantities - up to 7 kg of fertilizers per 1 m2. After the winter is over and the soil becomes convenient for digging again, it must be dug again to make it loose.

If in the fall you did not have time to carry out the preparatory work, then their entire volume must be carried out in the spring.

Open ground is a breeding ground for all sorts of bacteria and microorganisms. In addition, carriers of various diseases can be stored in it. Therefore, the soil must initially be disinfected by treating it with a solution of copper sulfate and copper oxychloride. After that, it can be fertilized. For this purpose, it is better to use an integrated approach - to combine organic and mineral fertilizers. This is a great way to provide your plants with everything they need for root development in the first days after planting. The selected fertilizers must be applied at least one week before the date on which you plan to plant the plants in open ground.

How to plant tomatoes correctly

When all the preparatory work is completed, and the seedlings are completely ready for transplanting, they can be planted in open ground.

To do this, you should choose a cloudy day, but if this is not possible, give preference to the evening.

Although tomatoes love sunlight and warmth, immediately after planting, the sun can have a detrimental effect on plants that have not yet adapted. And until the morning they will get stronger and will be able to normally endure the coming sunny day.

For those who want to ensure good growth of tomatoes, their comfort and a high level of yield, there is a scheme for how to plant tomato plants correctly. Its essence lies in the fact that neighboring plants do not interfere with each other's full development. For this, each future bush for full growth and development of the root system must have a sufficient amount of space, fresh air and sunlight.

The distance between the bushes depends on the size of the tomatoes: low-growing plants can be planted at a distance of 40 cm, but medium-sized plants will need at least half a meter.

It is better to plant tomatoes in two rows with a technical row spacing. With its help, you can carry out automatic watering of plants by putting a hose there. The distance between the rows must be at least 60 cm.

When directly planting tomatoes in open ground, some rules should be followed:

• The structure of the root system of tomatoes is very fragile and sensitive to all kinds of damage. Therefore, in order to extract the plant from its container easily, it will need abundant watering. Transplant the plants along with the soil from the container - no need to clear the roots of it. Thanks to this, you will reduce the risk of mechanical damage to the roots, as well as facilitate and speed up the process of adaptation of tomatoes to new conditions;
• You don't need to make the holes too deep. The optimum depth is on the bayonet of the shovel. Before planting, the hole must be well watered and wait until the water is completely absorbed into the soil;
• Having placed the plant vertically in the hole, you need to properly sprinkle its roots. The first layer is soil from the same hole, then the next layer consists of small amounts of manure or compost, and the last layer is soil again. After that, do not forget about watering - 2 liters of water for each plant;
• If tomato seedlings are planted early - before the onset of summer, then it must be covered with a film;
• The first 10 days is the period when the plants take root in a new place, there is no need to water. After the tomatoes have adapted, they began to grow and began to gain strength, they can be watered again, and after two weeks they can be spud;
• It is necessary to install a support near each plant, on which the bushes will be tied in the future. It is best not to postpone this step, as tomatoes grow very quickly;
• Tomatoes need to be fertilized throughout the season. This is important for their vigorous growth and high yield. Typically, tomatoes are fertilized three times per season. This must be done correctly so that, instead of being beneficial, it does not harm the plants.

Tomato care

Once the plants are planted in the open field correctly, you can assume that you have completed 50% of the work on the road to success. Now everything will depend on the level of quality of tomato care. Care must be of high quality and regular. Do not water on schedule - excess moisture will only harm the tomatoes. Be guided by the situation: if the weather is hot, then watering should be increased, and if it is cloudy and rainy, then it should be minimized. You need to water the plants only at the root, not allowing water to fall on the leaves. After each watering, the soil must be loosened. This process will ensure the flow of oxygen to the roots, and it is very important for their full development. Don't forget to fertilize. The first feeding is carried out most often after 10 days after planting tomatoes in open ground.

Outdoor tomatoes should be checked regularly for diseases and pests. A timely detected problem will not do much harm and it is possible to prevent an epidemic. Most diseases can be cured, while others cannot be treated, but if you remove the diseased bush in a timely manner, you can protect all other plants.

Observing all the rules and adhering to the basic requirements, you can properly plant seedlings in open ground, take care of their intensive growth, and ensure yourself a rich and tasty tomato harvest.

Hello summer residents and amateur gardeners! I continue the theme of the garden and today we will talk about tomatoes, or rather about how and when it is best to sow them this year. After all, we all certainly love this vegetable for its beneficial properties, and at the end of summer we do it.

Such handsome men are just great in and in other first and second courses. So let's figure it out so that we have a huge harvest and we can make a lot of delicious treats.

Of course, it is with the arrival of spring that gardeners are full of troubles and work, because it is from this time that labor activity begins. This means that the summer cottage season is open and it's time to jog to take on the work ahead. In the last article, you and I learned how to sow correctly, determined the timing of planting, today we continue this topic, but only with a different crop.

Everyone knows that in February and March is the time to plant seedlings. You definitely need to know which types of tomatoes are suitable for early crops, and which ones for late crops, and you also need to determine where you will plant them in open ground or in a polycarbonate greenhouse. Well, do not forget to take into account all the climatic conditions of the part of Russia where you live.

Therefore, I propose, like last time, to use a special formula to calculate favorable landing days and take into account all the necessary external factors.

I remind you that a well-known method is used everywhere, which is called a reverse report, but you need to know all the characteristics from the growing season to the appearance of the first fruits. If you take early varieties of tomatoes, then it is 40-50 days, mid-ripening varieties - 50-65 days, late-ripening tomatoes - 70 days.

Also, you should not forget that if you plant tomatoes in a heated greenhouse, the sprouts will be planted much earlier than in a regular greenhouse, or in open ground. It is logical).

Do not forget about the soil, it should be already warmed up, at least up to 10-15 degrees Celsius. At the same time, it must be measured at a depth of 10 cm. After all, if the temperature is below 10 degrees, the plants will not survive and they will die or they will be constantly ill.

In central Russia, the warm period begins in the second half of May, which gives us this, but that the starting point will be around May 15. We do the countdown in the opposite direction - 50 days, while if you are using early ripening varieties of tomatoes, if a different type, then count differently by analogy. Add 5-7 days before germination and another 3 days for plant adaptation after picking. Using simple arithmetic, we get the sum of 60 days to count back.

Thus, it turns out that the best and most favorable day will be the fixed date of March 15th. In this case, tall tomatoes can be sown together with peppers and eggplants in one day. This means that you need to select the time period from February 10 to March 10. This is such a gap that will suit absolutely everyone, as well as for residents of the Moscow region, Siberia or the Urals.

Interesting! If you are a lover of folk signs, then focus on snowdrops, plant after they bloom. And when the viburnum or mountain ash blossomed, then it was time to transplant them.

Calculate the date of sowing seeds and adhere to the basic rule - undergrown seedlings will be more productive than overgrown ones. Take a look at the photo. The first sprout is quite huge, but it is also not convenient in planting, it will take a long and painful way to take root and possibly undergo diseases and beat.

But young seedlings will be able to quickly adapt to the environment, will grow well and outpace the overgrown.

Do you know this saying? In a hurry, you will make people laugh, but here it is with the gardeners - you hurry up, you will reduce the harvest. Therefore, do not strive to sow the fastest, even if you really miss your gardening work. After all, early planted seedlings do not guarantee you an excellent harvest.

When is it correct to plant tomatoes for seedlings according to the Lunar calendar?

Well, now let's consider the calendar of the gardener and gardener, if you still don't have it, then you can easily go to and download it in its entirety.

Or use it right now by looking at this table (the data is updated in January every year).

Seed preparation for seedlings

Well, and now, once we have decided on the timing of planting, let's now deal directly with the seeds, because good and high-quality seeds are the key to an excellent harvest, so that all your hopes can come true.

It so happens that you sow seeds that seem to be stunning in appearance, but they do not sprout and do not live up to expectations. It is the poor germination of seeds or various kinds of diseases that may be due to the fact that you did the wrong pre-sowing work. If you have purchased bags, then you must be sure that the manufacturer has already processed them for you, such seeds are distinguished by their rather bright color.

Important! It is in this case that they do not need to be further processed with something.

The only drawback of such bags is that the price is much higher. Therefore, in order to save money, it is best to buy unprocessed seedlings and carry out all the preparation work yourself.

Germination test

In order not to guess whether the seedlings will sprout or not, perhaps you have doubts about the shelf life, then use the simplest and most proven method, remember we have already done this work with peppers.

To do this, about a couple of weeks before sowing, take several seeds from each pack and wrap them in a gauze bag and immerse them in warm water for one day. And this container will need to be placed in a warm place. After one week has passed, look into the container and check how many seeds have sprouted and whether they have sprouted. If you see that half of each batch has sprouted, this indicates that it is safe to use this batch.

Next, you will need to determine if there are seedlings in the batch that are empty and unsuitable for sowing. To do this, take a glass and pour water into it and add salt. Stir the liquid and pour out the entire bag, it should take 20 minutes and you will see the following picture, all the seeds should fall to the bottom of the glass, if some of them float, then remove them, they are unusable.

Rinse good achenes in plain water, put on a paper towel and dry well. This will do the calibration. But, again, evaluate them for their appearance, remove the ugly or too large or very tiny ones.

Disinfection

For disinfection, use a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, dissolve 1 gram of the substance in one bucket of water.

To carry out this procedure, wrap them in a gauze cloth and place them in the resulting solution for about twenty minutes. And of course, do not forget to rinse and dry them later.

If you do not have potassium permanganate, then you can take phytosporin for example. To prepare it, use four drops of the liquid preparation and one glass of water.

Remember! That the disinfection of seeds should be carried out not long before planting itself (do not store for more than a day), otherwise there is a high probability that they will not sprout.

Promote growth and nutrition

But in order to increase the germination of seeds and so that they are less sick, they are resistant to diseases and the environment, you have to do the following actions.

It will be necessary to stimulate their growth, for this, soak in a solution of nutrients, you need to use ash for this. Make an ash solution, and then let it stand and infuse for one day. Then place the tomato seeds in a gauze bag and immerse in this solution for about 4-5 hours.

And of course, do not forget that now in our market there are environmentally friendly and useful options, such as zircon or epin - these are modern biostimulants of growth, they very well accelerate the germination process itself and will not make you wait long for the result. Choose for yourself what you like best, or what you are used to, you can act in the old fashioned way, or you can apply the novelties of inventions of the 21st century.

Soaking and germination

After all this, soak the seedlings and germinate, this will increase the germination rate.

Important! But again, if you just soak them in water and do not give access to oxygen until 18 hours, then they can easily suffocate.

How to do it correctly at home on a windowsill in winter in an apartment? Quite simple and easy. You just have to take ordinary cotton pads, now I think everyone has such, and moisten one part of the disc with water, spread the achenes on them and be sure to cover with a second wet disc.

Next, put such a package in a container with a lid so that a greenhouse effect can be created, in such conditions you will see that the sprouts will appear on 3-4 days. After that, it's time to plant them in wet soil.

Preparing the right soil

As for the soil itself, then you need to take the land from your favorite garden or summer cottage and combine it with sand and vermicompost. Or use this scheme.

This is as one of the options, you can also make a mixture of such important and necessary components, take in the indicated proportions and cook according to these recipes.

Or take a ready-made natural peat soil, which you can buy at any horticultural supermarket.

If your soil has become quite dense, then you can add perlite or vermiculite to it. In no case should you sift the soil for tomato seedlings through a sieve! Because as soon as you start watering, it will immediately thicken.

Landing in the ground

First, decide on what you will sow, it can be boxes, containers, all kinds of paper cups cut from tetrapacks, etc. It is important to know that it is for sowing that devices about 12 cm high are needed, and for transplant you need cups that will have a volume of 200 ml.

In stores, you can now easily find and select suitable forms. Check if there are holes in the bottom of each container, this is an important drainage condition so that excess moisture can drain well. Don't forget to get a pallet or a plate.

Stages of work:

1. So, take a glass and place a drain in it, such as pebbles, maybe you are using eggshells, this is also a great option.

2. Fill the cups with soil and spill well with lukewarm water.

3. It is necessary to sow achenes to a depth of no more than 2 cm, you can initially make and measure the required depth with a stick yourself, so as not to daub. Next, you need to spray the ground.

4. After that, cover the cups with cling film or a bag and put in a warm place.

5. Watch out for the cups, because very soon they will delight you with their sprouts. And be sure to remove the film after you see the green shoots.

You can also use another method for growing, this is using a special film.

6. Next, place the cups with seedlings in a room with a temperature of 18 degrees, preferably even more, your apartment in which you live is suitable. And the place should be lit. Always water in moderation with warm water and do not overflow.

Hardening and care

After the sprouts get stronger and you see about 4-6 leaves on them, start taking them outside. Until then, just ventilate the room well.

You do not need to water so often, look at the condition of the soil, the ground should never be very dry and cracked.

Do not neglect the preparatory work before planting in the soil, because what kind of seedlings you grow depends on this. After all, only healthy and strong seedlings grow strong and hardened plants that will delight you with a rich harvest.

Planting tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse

So, I repeat, in order to plant seedlings in open ground or a greenhouse, they must be healthy and strong, the sprouts should be about 20-30 cm long, and have 6-8 leaves.

As for the timing of planting in the greenhouse, it is best, again, to be guided by your climatic conditions, you should already be aware in advance, because you know at what time warming comes in your area and there are no frosts. For Siberia, for example, this is May, for the Moscow region - April. You can learn more about this and other recommendations if you watch this video:

Can cucumbers, peppers and tomatoes be planted in the same greenhouse?

This question is often asked by both experienced gardeners and just beginners. In theory, each crop should be planted separately from each other. But, you must admit that not always, and everyone has a lot of space on the personal plot and several greenhouses, so that it is possible to place everything separately.

If you ask and look at the opinion of experienced agronomists, you will see the following that nightshades, such as peppers, eggplant, get along with tomatoes quite easily, which means that their joint settlement is permissible.

Let's take a look at some of the differences that will help you achieve maximum yield. Tomatoes should be watered a little less often than peppers. Peppers need more moisture, especially when they are in bloom and fruiting.

It is important to water these crops so that where the root system is located, they do not dry out, this is approximately at a depth of 20-30 cm. In order for moisture to evaporate less from the beds, the aisles should be mulched.

Keep in mind that tomatoes need slightly less heat than peppers - this is a big difference. Therefore, you will have to save the pepper from very hot days during the flowering period.

The microclimate for tomatoes and peppers is the same. This makes me happy). This means that they have the same requirements for air humidity. Only when the humidity rises, the tomatoes may die. The soil should be loose and moist in both cases.

I form the beds, you need to plant the tomatoes in a checkerboard pattern, this is option number one. And a little later, plant pepper between them. With this method of planting, when you remove the lower stepsons to the first brush, the tomatoes in this place and the lighting will be enough for the pepper.

Second option. Plant the peppers along the rows of tomatoes. Then he will not be attacked by aphids.

The third option. Place tall varieties of tomatoes on one side, and on the other, arrange a small greenhouse for peppers. After all, he does not like inconsistent temperatures and will not withstand sudden changes.

The fourth option. It will allow you to combine three vegetable crops, these are tomatoes, cucumbers and bell peppers. But, the greenhouse must be large. Divide the inner space into three zones: place the tomatoes on the middle one, because it is in this place that the best ventilation is.

Plant cucumbers on the south side, because they need frequent watering. And do not forget that you need to do this in the morning, and during the day, carry out ventilation so that the moist air does not stagnate.

Well, and accordingly there is a place left on the north side, stick the peppers there. They are not afraid of aphids, and the neighborhood with tomatoes will be a good condition for fruiting.

That's all for me. This is a note for today, I hope you have found the answers to your questions. Write your feedback and comments. Come visit more often, there will be many more interesting things. Bookmark the site and join the group in contact. See you soon everyone!

Best regards, Ekaterina Mantsurova

In open ground, seedlings require an attentive and responsible approach. It is important to choose the right place for the garden and to cultivate the soil. Competent planting and subsequent care of tomatoes after planting is a guarantee of a good harvest.

Choosing a place in the garden

There are special requirements for the place where tomatoes will be grown. It should be sunny and spacious, free from drafts and cold winds. An excellent option is the southern or southwestern part of the garden. Especially if there is a whitewashed wall - white reflects sunlight and plants receive a double portion of heat.

Experienced gardeners know that land should be set aside for planting tomatoes. Where previously grew:

• perennial herbs;
• cucumbers;
• carrot;
• legumes.

If tomatoes grew on the site last season, next time they can be planted on this site only after 36 months.

It is not recommended to place the seedlings where the vegetables of the Solanaceae family previously grew: eggplants, sweet and hot peppers, potatoes, zucchini. Such "neighborhood" will negatively affect the quality and quantity of the crop - diseases can easily arise, leading to the death of the culture.

Soil preparation

Planting tomatoes in open ground with seedlings involves preliminary soil preparation. In the fall, after harvesting the tops from the last plants, the soil is evenly covered with a layer of organic fertilizer (manure, poultry droppings, peat) and dug up. In the spring, the site is loosened again, treated with copper sulfate and fertilized. These can be superphosphates (20g per sqm) or potash fertilizers (20-25g per sqm).

If tomato seedlings are planted in the same place where they were grown last year, the topsoil should be removed and a new one should be filled in.

Tomatoes will not yield good yields in an alkaline or acidic environment. It is easy to determine pH using a special device. If the indicator is higher than 7 (pH7 is a neutral medium), a little sulfur is added to the soil, if it is lower - lime.

The depth of the hole depends on the height of the plant. Only a soil bag with roots should be buried. The holes should be wide and spaced at least 25-30 centimeters from each other.

Planting options for tomatoes

How to plant tomatoes correctly? Each gardener chooses an individual plant layout. It depends on the height of the bush, the method of irrigation, the variety of tomatoes. There are several planting options. The most common are tape-nest and square-nest schemes.

Planting tomatoes in the ground with seedlings using the tape-nesting method makes it possible to place the maximum number of bushes in a small area, observing all the requirements for the distance between them. The mail is divided into irrigation furrows every 1.4 m, seedlings are planted on the sides. It should be borne in mind that as the tomato bush grows, it grows within 0.3 meters, so the distance between plants cannot be less than this indicator. The advantage of ribbon-nesting is the ability of tomatoes, planted close to each other, to withstand weather conditions.

For tall varieties of tomatoes, a square-nest planting scheme is suitable. It makes it possible to easily process the aisles from weeds and loosen the soil.

Bushes are planted only in the corners of the square. In order to use the plots as efficiently as possible and plant all the prepared seedlings on the allotted hectare, the plants are planted in the so-called "nest" - 2-3 side by side. This makes it possible to mechanize all soil processing, to carry it out simultaneously in two directions. The advantage of this method, which gardeners prefer the most, is a good yield, achieved through timely and careful inter-row cultivation.

Planting a tomato in open ground with seedlings

Planting tomatoes in the ground with seedlings is carried out when there are no frosts at night. For the southern regions, the favorable period begins at the end of May, for the northern regions - at the beginning of June. You should start working in the afternoon, so that the earth warms up well and the seedlings adapt to new conditions overnight.

The container with the seedlings is poured with water so that it is easy to remove the bushes, and the fragile root system is not damaged in the process. The plant is held by the stem and carefully removed from the cassette.

A loosened hole, deep on the bayonet of a shovel, is poured abundantly with warm water and fertilizer - urea or chicken droppings - is placed on the bottom. Compost will help the plant take root faster and grow vigorously.

Tomato roots are placed in the hole along with an earthen clod. It is strongly not recommended to remove it or wash the roots. From above, the hole is covered with soil and slightly compacted. Each bush requires abundant watering - at least 1 liter of water.

It should be noted that the distance between low and medium-sized varieties should be about 30 cm, between tall bushes - up to 50-70 centimeters. A peg is placed next to the plant, which will support it as it grows up. Its length can reach 80-90 centimeters.

Tomato follow-up care

How to plant tomatoes in open ground correctly figured out. The next stage of work is caring for a vegetable crop.

Adaptation takes 7 to 10 days. During this period, the bushes are not watered. After this time, the established seedlings can be moistened.

Watering is carried out in the afternoon, when the sun is already approaching sunset. This is necessary so that the root system absorbs enough moisture and it does not have time to evaporate. Water is poured under the roots, trying to avoid getting liquid on the leaves. Watering should be moderate until the fruit sets. After the appearance of the first tomatoes and the entire period of their intensive growth, the bushes are watered very abundantly.

After watering, the mail is spud around the bush. Within a month after planting, the depth of loosening should be at least 10-12 centimeters, then it is enough to deepen by 4-5 centimeters. This has a beneficial effect on the condition of the root system: the soil warms up better, and the access of oxygen increases. Too dense soil can lead to the death of the plant.

If the leaves of the tomato begin to curl, then measures must be taken to save the harvest.

Tomatoes need regular feeding. From the moment of planting to harvesting, fertilizer should be applied 4 times. The first feeding is carried out after 21 days, the second - when the second flower cluster blooms. The third time, the nutrient composition is added after the third brush blooms. The final dressing is applied 21 days after the previous one.

To attract more insects to the tomatoes, annual honey plants are planted next to them. Pollination can also be carried out manually in the morning by shaking the bush slightly.

Common problems and solutions

1. Some bushes wither. The reason for this phenomenon may be a lack of sunlight. The plant should not be removed or flooded, it is better to try to open a little space so that there are no obstacles to sunlight.
2. Slow ovary formation. The elimination of fertilizers containing nitrogen makes it possible to intensify the process of fruit formation.
3. There are many flowers with complex clusters on the bush, and the harvest is poor. Abundant flowering does not guarantee the appearance of a large number of fruits. If there is not enough pollen, the flowers fall off. Shaking the plant in the morning 2-3 times a week will help to cope with the problem.
4. Large bush, but few fruits. Tomatoes need to be destroyed. Only one stepson is left on the main stem, which grew up first, the rest are recommended to be removed.
5. After the appearance of the first flower brushes, the top of the bush should be pinched - this will allow you to get an early and healthy harvest.

Diseases and pests

Tomatoes are very sensitive to late blight. Lack of light, frequent rains or artificial waterlogging of the soil leads to the formation of dangerous mold. First, it affects the lower leaves, and if further spread is not prevented in time, it passes to the stem and fruits.

Experienced gardeners recommend preventive spraying of the bushes at the end of June. Special means for combating late blight are sold in agronomic stores. Diseased plants must be removed to avoid the appearance of bacteria on other bushes.

An unpleasant ailment is gray rot. It develops in conditions of high humidity and lack of sun, spreads very quickly. To avoid infection in tomatoes, the lower leaves are cut off, which are in contact with the ground and the plant is treated with a lime solution (50 grams of lime per 1 bucket of water).

To get excellent flavoring tomatoes at the end of the season, the first thing you need to take care of is the correct choice of variety and the purchase of seeds for planting. Because, in order to get the desired result on the tomato harvest, the gardeners themselves prefer to plant the seedlings, and do not purchase ready-made ones on the market.

Growing a tomato is not particularly difficult for gardeners. The main thing provide the necessary conditions and then in the end there will be a good harvest of this vegetable.

General rules:

• Seed selection;
• Sowing seeds;
• Growing seedlings;
• Landing in open ground;

How to plant from seed

You can grow seedlings in various ways:

1. Planting seeds into prepared containers- this is a method in which they are first planted in one box, and after diving, they are seated in separate containers;
2. Wrapping the seeds in diapers- it is also called the Moscow method and they do it like this - put a tape of cellophane, a piece of toilet paper on it, moisten it with warm water, lay out the seeds in increments of 1 cm and 1.5 cm from the top edge, another layer of paper on top, moisten and put another cellophane tape. After all the manipulations, we turn everything into a roll and put it in a container where water is poured so that the diapers touch it;
3. Planting seeds in open ground under the film- seeds are planted in the warmed-up ground and covered with a greenhouse film from recurrent frosts;

It is important to choose the right option so that growing does not become a laborious task.

How to plant seedlings

To understand how best to plant a tomato, you can give an example based on the Tretyakovsky F1 hybrid. The plant is determinate and suitable for growing in greenhouses. From the first shoots to the ripe fruit passes 3.5 months, which means you can plant seeds until April 1.

It is best to plant each individual seed in a peat tablet to reduce trauma to the roots. Further care for seedlings does not differ from generally accepted rules.

Hybrids do not transmit their genetic data through seeds.

When and how to sow a tomato

Sowing tomatoes for seedlings is carried out starting from the third decade of February to April 1... You can learn the seed sowing technology by reading this article.

At home, tomatoes can be grown on a windowsill, a glazed balcony, on a table, if it is equipped with a backlight so that the seedlings do not stretch out.

The gardener himself decides how to choose the method of planting tomato seeds for seedlings. But first of all, you need to purchase good seeds and they are usually purchased in specialized garden centers from trusted manufacturers. This gives you the confidence to get the right crop.

Selection of seed material

If tomatoes are planted for the first time on the site, then you should choose the variety that will correspond to the gardener's taste preferences and be cultivated in a certain region.

Therefore, there are certain rules that should be followed when choosing tomato seeds:

1. First of all it is period of full ripening of fruits... Since in the northern region, where the summer is long and warm, the gardener can afford later varieties.
2. Also worth considering the height of the bushes, since if the planting of tomatoes will be carried out in a greenhouse, in connection with saving space, it is worth paying attention to tall, high-yielding varieties. If the tomato planting area is large, then it is best to plant varieties with a height of 50-100 cm, since in large areas it is not profitable to put supports for tall tomatoes.
3. Tomato growing region - here you can see that some varieties zoned for a specific region, which means that it is in this region that there is an opportunity to get a consistently large harvest of this variety.
4. If the package says that this type of tomato is only able to grow in a greenhouse, then it should not be planted in open ground, since the tomato most likely will not survive there.
5. The size of fully ripe fruits is important, since large tomatoes can only be used for slicing salads, and with a diameter of 5-6 cm and the correct shape, they are good for conservation.

Small tomatoes are good for canning, large ones for salads

When choosing a variety for yourself, read the data written on the package, this will help decide how the tomatoes correspond to the region and the gardener's taste preferences.

Seedling dishes

There are now many different specialized cultivation utensils on sale. But it is worth considering that first the seeds are planted in a seedling box with a height of about 12 cm, and then, during the dive, the seedlings are planted in separate containers in volumes not less than 200 gr.

Therefore, it is possible to adapt for seating boxes:

• Milk and juice boxes;
• Cut off 5 liters. plastic bottles;
• Wooden boxes.

For the container into which the dived sprouts are transplanted, disposable cups with a volume of 200 and 500 gr.

It is necessary that the dishes have holes for draining excess water.

Required soil composition

After choosing the pots, it is worth choosing the right soil where you can plant the seeds. First of all, it must be nutritious and loose... Therefore, you can purchase primer at the appropriate store.

Or you can compose it yourself, taking everything in equal proportions:

1. Peat.
2. Garden land.
3. Sand.

Any land bought or compiled with your own hands must be disinfected. Suitable for this freezing or calcining- the main thing is that various microorganisms die.

Preparing seeds at home

To find out if the seeds are suitable for sowing in the ground, you need to determine the viability. This is recognized in two ways:

• A saline solution is made and seeds are poured into it, those that have surfaced can be safely thrown out, the rest are suitable for growing.
• Seeds germinate on a damp cloth, and as soon as the sprout's nose springs up, it is planted in a glass with soil.

Seeds purchased from reputable companies have already been tested for germination and treated with growth stimulants, so they should not be soaked.

How to properly sow seeds in the ground

The prepared soil is poured into containers and moistened with bottom irrigation. After the excess water leaves on the surface of the soil, small trenches are made with a depth less than 5 mm, it is convenient to do this with a ruler, so the rows turn out exactly. Seeds are placed in the trenches with a step of 2.5 cm and sprinkled with earth. 4 cm is left between the trenches.

After sowing the seeds, cover the containers with glass or put them in a plastic bag. This will protect the soil from drying out and create greenhouse conditions with the help of which friendly tomato shoots will appear.

Dive

A dive of tomatoes is done when the seedling has two true leaf plates... To do this, the soil is well soaked and carefully removed one seedling at a time and transplanted into a separate container according to the root system. The most convenient way to do this is at home or in an apartment.

When diving, seedlings must be planted quickly and carefully without breaking away from the process, so as not to destroy the seedlings.

Care

Further care will consist of watering, which should be regular, but to prevent waterlogging of the soil. Also, the seedlings should stand on a warm and sunny windowsill so that there is no excessive stretching of the shoots. It is turned once a week in different directions to the light source so that it does not grow lopsided.

Fertilization is not necessary, since the soil does not age in 1.5 months. Before planting in open ground or a greenhouse, the seedlings are gradually accustomed to open air - hardening is carried out.

Good seedlings have a vigorous appearance, green foliage, 6 leaf plates and a height does not exceed 15-20 cm.

Growing errors

The main mistakes of novice gardeners when growing seedlings:

1. Incorrectly selected seeds.
2. Bad land in boxes for growing.
3. Incorrect temperature and bad light.
4. Overfeeding seedlings with fertilizers in poor lighting.

Shelf life

Without soil, seedlings are not stored for a long time, no more than two hours, provided that they are wrapped in a wet cloth and lie not in the sun.

Dates for planting tomatoes

Since tomato seedlings after 2 months are ready for planting at the main growing site, the seedlings are sown 60 days plus five days for seed germination.

Sowing in the ground

If this is the Krasnodar Territory of Russia, then the seedlings begin to be planted in open ground in early May, and in the greenhouse you can 2 weeks earlier.

Based on these terms, we count back 65 days and get the date:

• For open ground - planting seeds for seedlings begins on February 25 and not earlier because it is difficult for overgrown seedlings to take root in a new place;
• For greenhouses, they begin to sow seeds for seedlings on February 20.

You need to sow on time to get healthy seedlings.

Seeds for seedlings are sown before April 1, since if you plant later tomato bushes only for decorative purposes, the tomatoes will tie on them, and will not have time to ripen. This period especially applies to the northern regions of Russia.

When can you plant seed for large-fruited varieties

First of all, tomatoes and tomatoes are the same plant name. Large-fruited tomatoes are grown quite often by planting them in a greenhouse. To grow seedlings of such tomatoes, they are already starting to sow seeds in the third decade of February.

Harm from early landing

Early planted seeds are, as a result, too elongated tomato seedlings, not only with flowers, but also with fruit ovaries. Such seedlings, after landing in the main place, get sick for a long time and throw off both flowers and fruits.

It is necessary to plant the seeds within a specific time frame to produce healthy seedlings. Adhering to all the rules for growing seedlings, you will get a good harvest of the tomato of the desired variety.

Similar articles

Disembarkation dates

Saplings are chosen strong, with thick legs. If these have not grown on the windowsill, it is worth growing them in a greenhouse, and then transplant them into open ground.2 Top dressing: 10 days after the first.

When to sow correctly is understandable. It remains to figure out where to plant seedlings. The most correct choice would be planting in peat cups, which are now on sale. If peat cups are too uneconomical in terms of money, then it is quite possible to use the material at hand: boxes of juice, milk, plastic bottles with the top cut off, plastic cups. Many gardeners prefer to plant this way.

Landing patterns

Indeed, greenhouse plants will quickly bow their heads and will hurt for a long time, so you need to choose those who already know what the world around you is with its temperature drops and burning sunlight. It is very simple to choose such plants: greenhouse seedlings are light green, tender. And hardened plants, ready for all the twists and turns, have a rich dark green color with a bluish or purple tint. This point must be taken into account if you want to know exactly at what distance to plant tomatoes. Hardened bushes will quickly move into growth and grow large and thick, and greenhouse ones will be much smaller, practically without side branches.

I water the transplanted tomato bushes with a solution of Kornevin or Heteroauxin. You can spray them with HB-101 solution (1-2 drops per 1 liter of water) - it will "revive" them, help to better endure stress after transplantation. Treatment with Epin-Extra helps well. With it, I periodically process not only transplanted tomatoes, but also those that I plant with seedlings that remain intact in the holes. Epin-Extra increases the resistance of plants to diseases, adverse weather conditions.

Square-nested

I have experienced many different varieties. Every year I reject some varieties, add some. Now I'm telling you about growing tomatoes from seeds in the open field. To do this, I choose medium-sized or, more often, undersized varieties.
Http://youtu.be/nG1uWqek-18

Ribbon-nesting

After planting, tomatoes should be fed from time to time. In total, for the entire period of plant growth, four stages of feeding must occur.

Usually, the soil is treated with copper sulfate, other fertilizers are applied and the soil is fertilized, if any other vegetables grew on this soil earlier.

Preparing for landing

Few people know that tomato is one of the most demanding and capricious vegetables. He loves the sun and warmth, and does not tolerate excess moisture and strong winds. That is why, when a gardener wants to get good tomatoes, planting and care in the open field must comply with all the rules for their maintenance. The lower leaves of the seedlings are cut off (about 2/3 of the stem). Prepared seedlings are placed in a pre-prepared long groove "on the side". The angle to the surface of the earth is strictly from south to north. The part that is freed from the leaves is covered with earth.
3 top dressing: 8-10 days after the second.
The main thing is, before planting tomato seedlings, it is necessary to organize drainage in these containers by arranging a drainage hole at the bottom. Water should not stagnate in containers, otherwise good seedlings will never grow - they will grow poorly and rot.

We plant tomatoes

The first two points are very important, however, when talking about how far you need to plant tomatoes, you need to consider how the plant will grow. There are giant varieties, the bushes of which reach two meters in height. Dwarf hybrids hardly grow more than 50 cm and, of course, do not have such a lush and branchy green part.

Transplanted tomatoes, as well as those plants that have remained intact, should be mulched - sprinkle sawdust, dry or cut grass on top of the soil - so that the highly moistened soil “does not crust over” and does not dry out the next day. If you have not mulched the soil around the plants, then you definitely need to loosen the soil. This should be done after each watering or rain.

For two years in a row I planted the Beta-Lux variety, I will continue to plant it. Very like. Low-growing variety, up to 50 cm high. Early maturing. Does not require pinning. Red fruits. The pulp is juicy, sugary. Very tasty. Suitable for both salads and canning.

Care after landing

How to grow tomatoes? To grow tomatoes, you must follow these rules:

How to plant tomato seedlings correctly? The first occurs three weeks after transplanting, the second after the second flower cluster begins to bloom, and the third when the third flower cluster blooms. The last dressing is usually done three weeks after the third dressing.

Also, the soil should be dug up before planting the vegetable in order to open the soil to oxygen and sunlight. Then holes are made according to the scheme that was chosen, and they are watered with warm water. To choose the right depth of the hole, you should pay attention to the height of the bush, and, if necessary, deepen only the soil bag.

Since we know that a tomato is a thermophilic plant, the time when you can plant tomatoes in open ground is determined by atmospheric phenomena and weather. That is, as soon as the soil has warmed up a little, and there are no frosts at night, the seedlings can be planted. Usually May is the month when tomato planting becomes possible. The second half of the month or the beginning of the next is best for disembarkation.
Over time, the seedlings will straighten and grow vertically, and on the part that was covered with soil, many roots will appear, which will become a good help in the general nutrition system.

For feeding, take 1 part of the mullein, 8 parts of water. To 10 l of the solution add 30 g of superphosphate.

The seed can be pre-planted in boxes, where they grow before the first pick. Previously, the boxes are filled with prepared soil and a day before it is decided to sow seedlings of early or mid-season tomatoes, spill it so that the water is absorbed and glass.

Before the seedlings get to their main place of residence, it is necessary to arrange a bath for them to protect them from insect pests. To do this, you can use universal systemic insecticides or household solutions. Now make a deep furrow in which the seedlings will be planted. Be sure to apply fertilizers. It can be peat or vermicompost, mineral or organic preparations, infusion of manure or chicken droppings. Most importantly, do not overdo it with fertilizers, so as not to burn the roots. Fill the furrow with water on top and wait until it is absorbed.

Video "Secrets of growing tomatoes in the open field"

In order for the plants to develop quickly and well, I do top dressing. I start them after the plants have started to grow. I feed it with regular mullein or chicken droppings - what I have. I use potassium permanganate (for 10 liters of water - 1 g of potassium permanganate) and sometimes 1 matchbox of urea - this is for foliar dressing. I breed mullein 1:10, and chicken droppings - 1:15, sometimes I add 1 tablespoon of urea. The watering rate is about 1 liter of solution per plant. It is necessary to feed on already watered, damp soil.

plodovie.ru

How to plant tomato seedlings correctly?

I grew the variety Alpatieva 95A. I like it because it grows like a tree up to 50 cm high, sometimes lower, does not bend, although there are enough tomatoes hanging on the bush. Round fruits of good taste, not large. The variety is resistant to late blight.

The area with tomatoes should be located in a sunny place;

Seed preparation

It is planted in loose soil that contains nutrients and retains water well.

When planning to plant tomatoes, remember that planting tomatoes outdoors is not easy. This process is stressful both for the plant itself and for the gardener, therefore it is worth having patience and applying as much energy as possible, following all the rules for caring for this capricious vegetable, and then a rich harvest will not keep you waiting.

Also, before planting a tomato, you should take care of the readiness of the tomato garter peg in the future. The tomato itself must be watered abundantly before planting, so removing it from the pot will become easier and not a single element of the root system will be damaged.

But still, before planting seedlings, it is worth knowing its variety and planting features. In addition, the climate of the area where tomatoes are planted has a great influence on the timing of planting. So, for example, in some localities it is possible to plant tomatoes already in February, because there is a milder and warmer climate, but in places such as Siberia and the Urals, you can plant vegetables not earlier than mid-March, or even at the beginning of April, if you want. get a harvest of tasty and healthy tomatoes.

Germinating stepchildren

You can also spray tomato seedlings with microelements a couple of times - similar biostimulants are sold in stores.

Soil and containers for seedlings

The next day, you can start planting seeds. They are laid out on the ground, observing a distance between them of 1-2 cm and sprinkled on top with 1 cm of earth. When the seeds are sown, water the earth from a spray bottle so as not to wash it out.

Now you can distribute the seedlings along the furrow. There is also an important nuance here: it is imperative to plant tomatoes at an angle, this contributes to the speedy growth and development of the root system. Also, try to plant the plant deeper so that additional roots form on the stem. As I grow, I pull out all the weeds, loosen the ground while hilling the stem. For many years in a row I have been planting the Volgograd variety of tomatoes. I like the fact that it is drought-resistant. Tomatoes are dense, suitable for salads, canning. Fruiting almost to frost.

You need to water the tomatoes 2 times a week;

Sowing and growing seedlings

For the best harvest, the seedlings should be planted in sod land. You need to add sand and humus to it. To achieve normal soil acidity, add 0.5 liters of resin and 100 grams of chalk for every 10 liters of soil mixture. You can buy this mixture at the store. Quality mixtures are now commercially available that contain the nutrients necessary for seedlings.

In the video, experienced vegetable growers talk about how to properly plant tomatoes in open ground, what fertilizers to fertilize them with and how to tie up tomatoes.

When the soil is ready for planting a tomato, the seedlings are very carefully removed from the container in which they have been growing all this time, it is very important not to disturb the earthen lump formed around the root system of the bush, then the bush is vertically lowered into the hole, which must be opened before and lightly sprinkle with earth. You can sprinkle some compost around the planted bush so that the plant gets the nutrients immediately and takes root better.

It is worth noting that it is better to plant seedlings in the afternoon for the reason that by the evening the soil warms up well, and the tomato will have a whole night ahead to absorb the heat and get stronger.

Removing the first lateral shoots, or pinching, is an integral part of caring for tomatoes. As a rule, the removal of stepchildren is carried out so that they do not take food away from the plant. However, you can use them to strengthen the root system and form new bushes. The stepsons do not remove, but let them grow, then cut off the leaves from them, tilt them to the ground and sprinkle them with a ten-centimeter layer of earth. The stepchildren begin to grow very quickly and after a month they do not differ from the mother bush. Abundant fruiting begins on them near the ground.

Two weeks before the moment when it is decided to plant the plants in the ground, the seedlings must be hardened. Indoors, the air temperature is reduced to 6-10 degrees. As a rule, for this purpose, the seedlings are simply taken out onto the balcony, first for a short time. Then the stay on the balcony is extended until the plants become accustomed to the ambient temperature outside.

To shorten the seed germination time, the boxes can be covered with plastic wrap on top. From time to time it is removed so that the earth does not acidify and the seeds do not burn out from the heat. After emergence, the film can be removed for a longer time. When the seedlings are completely strong, the film is removed. This usually happens after 4 days. Tomatoes will now grow on their own.

Features of growing a tomato

Many amateur gardeners measure the distance between the bushes by eye, but this approach is not always correct, since this is easy to observe only if you need to plant 10-15 bushes. If the planting area is larger, then you need to adhere to a certain scheme. So how far should you plant tomatoes? For planting tall combs, a distance of 40 cm between rows and 70 cm between bushes is observed. At the same time, do not forget to leave a path dividing the rows, 100 cm wide. This is necessary so that it is convenient to care for the plantings. This method is called multi-line, because 2-3 rows form a line, and there are tracks between them.

At the beginning of the fruiting of tomatoes, I try to sprinkle the soil with ashes, then loosen it, water it. I form low-growing tomatoes so that 2-3 stems remain, and sometimes no shaping is required.

• This year, for the first time, I will sow the Novinka Kuban variety. Medium late variety for open field. The plant is up to 40 cm high. The description on the sachet promises high taste quality, resistance to late blight.
• It is necessary to prepare the soil and apply fertilizers;
• How to grow tomato seedlings? Gardeners usually grow large quantities of seedlings. The seeds are first planted in large containers, and then the sprouts are dived into another container. Many people use milk bags for planting sprouts. However, such bags can harbor bacteria, leading to mold. Therefore, the picking of seedlings must be carried out either in ordinary plastic bottles or in special peat pots that can be purchased at the store. There should be drainage holes at the bottom of all these containers.
• Tomatoes are one of the most common vegetables in the world. In regions with cold winters, tomatoes are usually grown in seedlings. How to plant tomato seedlings and how to grow them? You need to start growing seedlings in January-March. This requires seeds and a soil container. You can grow seedlings on the windowsill. This is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. If the seedlings are grown correctly, then the tomato harvest will be excellent.

Sprinkle the compost with soil again and compact the soil around the bush a little. After that, water each bush using a liter or two of water for each. After the bush is planted, you need to install a peg next to it, the height of which will depend on the variety of tomato, for example, for low-growing tomatoes the pegs can be 50 cm high, but for medium-sized tomatoes the height of the peg should be about 80 cm.

VseoTeplicah.ru

Growing tomatoes in the open field by seeds

What could be more delicious from a warm, fragrant tomato just picked from a bush? And if it is also grown on its own, then there will be no limit to bliss. Anyone who considers himself to be a real gardener should think about this. The technology for growing tomatoes is different, but there are fairly simple options available to everyone. The main thing is patience, accuracy and a responsible attitude to business.

Choosing a site for growing tomatoes in the open field

Growing strong, strong, environmentally friendly seedlings can be done without much hassle. For planting in the ground, the seedlings should be 45-50 days old. This must be taken into account when planting seeds and determining the time of planting in greenhouses.

Tomato seeds for seedlings should be grown in moist soil

Do not forget that in the process of growth and development of the bushes, they will need to be weeded, pinned, sprayed. Also, remember that tomatoes need root watering, which means that it is very important to leave enough space to have access to each bush. Do not forget about the need for hilling and feeding. Based on all this, leading agricultural technicians offer us the following option, at what distance to plant tomatoes in a greenhouse.

What varieties of tomatoes to choose

When the ovary reaches the size of a walnut, I spray the Tomato Rescuer with a new preparation. It protects tomatoes from late blight, macrospariosis, while being a growth stimulant.

After appropriate, usual preparation, that is, warming up, disinfecting, washing, I germinate the seeds.

You need to harvest when the tomatoes have already turned red. If tomatoes ripen after harvest, they will lose their taste.

When and how to plant tomato seeds outdoors

A more effective method is to tie tomatoes not to pegs, but to an arc and wire about 1 meter high.

Tomatoes are planted according to schemes that usually depend on the variety, height and irrigation system used in your garden. There are several planting schemes, but the main thing should still be the fact that there should be a small distance between the bushes for sufficient air and sunlight to enter.

Proper care of tomatoes

Attention, only TODAY!

When the first 2 true leaves appear, the seedlings are taken out of the box and dived. Next, it must be planted in individual containers. After picking, the seedlings are well watered. For several days, the air temperature must be lowered, so the plants will get stronger faster.

Thinning tomato seedlings

It has its own characteristics that differ from planting in open ground. First of all, it is usually the modest size of the greenhouse itself, which forces the gardener to save space. It should be borne in mind that in this case it is bad and planting the bushes too wide, and, conversely, thicken the planting. What's wrong with the first option? An excess of free area will stimulate the growth of green mass, the plant will begin to branch strongly, the harvest will ripen later, and the fruits, due to too weak branches, will not stick to the bushes.

Previously, I sprayed tomatoes with 1% Bordeaux liquid or copper sulfate (40-50 g per 10 liters of water). Sometimes I still do 1-2 such treatments.

Different varieties require different times for germination - from 2-3 days to a week or even more. I try to equate this with April 10-15 (usually by this time the soil is ready for early sowing of vegetables). I make wide holes with a diameter of about 40 cm. I water the hole with warm water with potassium permanganate. I sow dry seeds and mixed germinated, evenly distributing them over the area of ​​the hole. In this case, the consumption of seeds is increased. But I do it for insurance.

Outdoor tomato care

Http://youtu.be/rQAXV8NDc4k

Before planting the seeds, you must first fill the container with the soil mixture so that it is 3 cm below the edge. Then the soil must be watered, covered with a film and left under the film for a day for uniform moisture penetration. Then the soil is leveled and holes are made in it 0.5 cm deep. Seeds are planted in them. After planting the seeds, the surface of the soil should be watered with a solution of potassium permanganate, then cover the container with a film or glass lid and put in a warm place.

Top dressing of tomatoes - open ground

Before planting seeds in the soil, they must be carefully prepared.

After you have managed to plant all the tomato bushes, it will be correct not to water them until the seedlings take root. Adaptation takes place from 8 to 10 days and only after that the watering period can be opened. It is necessary to water the bushes at the root, avoiding the ingress of liquid on the leaves, this can lead to tomato disease. It is also undesirable to water the tomatoes with the help of rain, because although the plant receives the necessary moisture, at the same time the temperature decreases and the humidity of the air rises, which tomatoes do not like very much.

This tomato planting scheme is suitable for tall varieties of vegetables, where row spacing is of particular importance, which helps to keep the open soil loose and clear of weeds.

Processing tomatoes from pests and diseases

There are two main approaches to growing tomatoes. The first method is based on planting seeds in open ground, and the second, more common, is growing tomatoes from seedlings. Without going into a deep analysis of the subtleties and advantages of these options, planting seedlings is more acceptable to most. In this case, the seed can be purchased on the market or grown independently. In the latter case, tomato cultivation begins around mid-February. The technology of seed germination and seedling care is a separate topic. The main bias of this article is the technology of caring for tomatoes at all stages, from planting seedlings to harvesting.

0 # 1Elena04.08.2015 12:32 I have a question. I have been planting tomatoes for more than one year, the soil is sandy on the site, I add a little black soil to the hole when planting. From year to year, the bushes are very short, and some are very small, although they bear fruit. What is the reason, what is the need to fertilize the soil? + 1 # 2Tanya 08/11/2015 16:40 I quote Elena: I have a question. I have been planting tomatoes for more than one year, the soil is sandy on the site, I add a little black soil to the hole when planting. From year to year, the bushes are very short, and some are very small, although they bear fruit. What is the reason why you need to fertilize the soil? I have a small plot of 6 acres with sandy soil. I added bird droppings with black soil, but my grandmother from a neighboring garden advised me to feed the tomatoes with mullein. This is the first time I've done this this year. Have you ever used this fertilizer by any chance? 0 # 3Katya 08/16/2015 06:31 AM I quote Elena: I have a question. I have been planting tomatoes for more than one year, the soil is sandy on the site, I add a little black soil to the hole when planting. From year to year, the bushes are very short, and some are very small, although they bear fruit. What is the reason why you need to fertilize the soil? Here you need to analyze several points besides the soil: is there enough lighting for tomatoes (they are very light-loving, there will be nothing in the shade), which varieties you plant (hybrids grow better in a greenhouse), in open or closed ground you plant whether you are doing pinching.

When we grow seedlings of peppers, tomatoes, eggplants, it is important to maintain the correct watering schedule and temperature regime.

When planting tall varieties, the distance between them should be 50-60 cm. If the space is very limited, then try planting the plants in two rows or in a checkerboard pattern. If your choice is undersized varieties, then the distance can be made less, 40 cm between the bushes and the same amount between the rows is enough. Considering these recommendations, you provide optimal conditions for watering and caring for plants, optimal lighting for each plant, leaving room for normal growth and development of the bush. Another plus: keeping the optimal distance, you will protect plants from mutual transmission of diseases.

The infusion of garlic helps well against diseases or pests: chop 1.5-2 cups of garlic with a garlic press or a meat grinder, pour hot water (but not boiling water), put a little potassium permanganate, add up to 10 liters with warm water, mix, strain. No need to insist! This solution can be sprayed. I alternate treatments every 6-10 days. For better adhesion, I add liquid soap. I do 3-4 treatments as needed.

Very often there was such a situation that during a cold snap or accidental frosts, the seedlings of germinated seeds died, it was necessary to reseed. And from dry seeds, plants will hatch later, they will avoid frosts, they will definitely grow.

ogorod23.ru

What is the distance to plant tomatoes in the open field and in the greenhouse?

Tomatoes are a favorite of gardeners, they contain many vitamins and have a wonderful taste. There are many varieties of tomatoes that differ in shape, color and taste. For all varieties of tomatoes, the growing principles are the same. Learning to grow tomatoes is difficult. But even a novice gardener, when following the basic rules of growing, can get beautiful, tasty and large tomatoes on his site. The most important thing is to grow healthy and high-quality seedlings, the tomato harvest depends on it.

Problem number 1 - choose seedlings according to the state of the roots

After a week, sprouts appear. After that, the film must be removed, and the seedlings must be placed in a bright place. The ambient temperature should be kept at about 15 degrees. This continues for a week. Then, after the sprouts get stronger, you need to raise the temperature to 24 degrees during the day and up to 12 degrees at night.

Problem number 2 - choosing hardened specimens

If the seed treatment is done correctly, then the seedlings will be of high quality and you are guaranteed a good harvest.

Problem number 3 - choosing a variety

It is worth watering vegetables in the second half of the day - in this way it is the roots that will absorb all the liquid and it will not evaporate.

Landing

This scheme involves planting a tomato in the corners of a square, thus reducing the number of plants in a row. In order not to plant too few plants in a row and, accordingly, not to reduce their number per hectare, planting is carried out as if in a "nest", ie. two or three plants are planted next to each other. Such a planting allows to reduce the amount of processing time for rows with tomatoes by 10-20 working days and reduce labor costs by almost half. But the most important advantage of such a planting scheme is an increase in the amount of yield due to timely inter-row processing of bushes. That is why this method is one of the most popular among gardeners, because it allows you to mechanize the processing of vegetables and makes it possible to carry it out in two directions.

Depending on weather conditions and tomato variety, planting of seedlings in open ground is carried out from the end of April to mid-May. Seedlings are planted in rows with a distance of about one meter between them. The distance between plants in a row should be at least half a meter. Before planting seedlings on the eastern and western sides of the bed, stakes are driven into the ground at intervals of one meter and the ropes are pulled to form rows. Ditches are dug along the ropes, deep into the bayonet of a shovel. The bottom of the ditch is loosened with a pitchfork and filled with not quite rotted manure. At intervals of two meters, powerful stakes up to two meters high are driven into the bottom of the ditch. Subsequently, a rope for garter tomatoes will be stretched on them. Picked seedlings together with cups must be soaked with a solution of mullein or chicken droppings. For this, the solution is poured into a suitable container in which the cups are placed. After impregnation of the cups, the lower leaves are removed from the seedlings. Only 3-4 upper ones are left. The glass is kneaded a little with your hands, turned over and the plant is gently taken out. Having laid the plant in a ditch, its root part is slightly covered with fluffed soil with hands and tamped lightly. After planting a row with a hoe, they finally fill the ditch with the previously removed earth. This is followed by abundant watering until the soil settles and mulching. For mulching, you can use half-rotted manure with sawdust, humus or leaves. This method of planting does not violate the root system, and the plants take root faster. Mulch protects the roots of the seedlings from overheating and retains moisture. Under a five-centimeter layer of leaves, worms are bred, which loosen the soil and enrich it with humus. Mulch also prevents weeds from growing and fertilizes the soil when decomposed.

Universal landing pattern

South America is considered to be the homeland of tomato growing. They were transported to Europe only in the 16th century, and appeared in Russia even later. Many hundreds of different varieties of tomatoes are now known. This herbaceous plant reaches a height of about one and a half meters, belongs to the Solanaceae family, that is, a relative of the potato. Fruits of various colors from typical red to black. There are yellow, orange tomatoes. The fruits are fleshy, tasty. Blooms in July-August; bears fruit until September. Tomato fruits contain a lot of fiber, proteins, enzymes, organic acids, vitamins, trace elements. Not one modern kitchen is complete without it. They are pickled, salted. fermented, make tomato juice.

At what distance to plant tomatoes in the greenhouse

In order for tomatoes to grow strong, the air temperature must be 14-18 degrees. At temperatures above 25 degrees, the seedlings begin to stretch. When the seedlings are pulled out, they will weaken. If this happens, you need to lower the temperature even to 10 degrees for a while. Also, so that the seedlings do not stretch out, it must be watered abundantly, trying to keep the ground completely moist. It is necessary to water from a sprayer so as not to erode the soil.

The ideal distance in this case is the same - 50-60 cm. However, we are all strictly limited by the size of our summer cottage. It should be borne in mind that not every variety requires such a distance. Therefore, before planting seedlings in the ground, you should get acquainted with the characteristics of the variety. Usually, the information is on the seed package. So, at what distance to plant tomatoes in the ground? Ultra-early and early ripening varieties can be planted most densely. The bushes of these varieties are usually small, their task is to give out fruits as quickly as possible, after which the bushes are removed. Therefore, a distance of 35 cm between bushes and rows is quite acceptable. Medium-ripened varieties will live longer in your beds, which means they need more space to grow. The optimal distance will be 45 cm between the bushes and 65 - between the beds. For later varieties, it is desirable to further increase this distance. You can also leave 45 cm between the bushes, but it is recommended to keep the distance between the rows at least 75 cm.

I cut off the leaves at the bottom of the bush or yellowed leaves. Experts assure that this technique speeds up the ripening process, tomatoes - the fruits are larger.

Features of planting in open ground

I also plant tomatoes with seedlings, but, as a result, all the plants grown from seeds catch up with the seedlings, besides, they are stronger, stronger, and less affected by diseases.

Let's summarize

Growing tomatoes in the open field has its own characteristics and difficulties. In the spring, as soon as the soil dries up, I loosen the dug up soil filled with organic matter with a rake or a hand cultivator from autumn, I level it - this helps to preserve moisture and destroy weeds.

fb.ru

How to plant tomato seedlings: seed treatment, planting dates, soil preparation, planting containers, planting process, care rules, instructions, photos, videos

After the appearance of the first leaves, the sprouts dive into a separate container. Before transplanting, you need to make sure that the sprouts are strong enough. For good development of the root system, it is necessary to pinch the main root during transplantation. Before planting sprouts in open ground, you need to harden the seedlings. To do this, reduce the temperature to 17 degrees.

First, you need to sort the seeds, checking them for full weight. For this, the seeds are immersed in a 6% salt solution. To prepare such a solution, you need to stir 2 tablespoons of table salt in a liter of water. Having immersed the seeds in the solution, they are mixed and after 7-8 minutes the ones that have emerged to the surface are removed, and the rest are washed and continue to prepare them for seedlings. Then the seeds are disinfected in a solution of potassium permanganate and again washed with water. Prepare a 1% solution of potassium permanganate by stirring 2 grams of potassium permanganate in 200 milligrams of water.

What can not be said about watering tomatoes in the morning. Also, do not water them too often, especially before the fruit sets, you just need to open the soil to moderate moisture, but try not to flood it. But after the fruit begins to grow, tomatoes need more water. During this time, watering should be increased in order to maintain the moisture level in the soil at the same level.

What to plant seedlings

They begin to feed the plants during flowering and fruit setting. A specially prepared slurry solution diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 100 serves as a good natural top dressing without "chemistry". You can use chicken or pigeon droppings. Two hundred and fifty grams of droppings are diluted with water in a ten-liter bucket. Top dressing is done every ten days at the rate of three liters of solution per plant. Watering is carried out in the evening as needed. The water should be slightly warmed up.

Four factors affecting the harvest of tomatoes (video)

Planting seeds for seedlings

Tomatoes

Important: It is necessary to constantly turn over the containers with seedlings with one or the other side to the light. This is how we grow beautiful, not one-sided tomato seedlings.

We have provided basic information on how far to plant tomato seedlings. By following these rules, you will get an excellent harvest in the shortest possible time. At the same time, one cannot discount the level of convenience of maintenance of the beds. Initially, the wrong planting pattern leads to the fact that a solid green wall grows in your garden, which is very difficult to approach. Processing stepchildren, hilling, weeding and watering will be very difficult, as well as collecting fruits. In addition, the yield of the bushes also decreases. Consequently, your work can bring much less results.

Pinching the tops of fruiting shoots will also help to speed up the ripening of tomatoes; put planks under the fruits lying on the ground or prop them up with flyers; regularly pick ripe or brown tomatoes.

In the first one and a half to two weeks, there is a lot of trouble with the emerging seedlings. I do not cover my plantings with anything, they grow at first, of course, very slowly.

Seedling care

Tomatoes are affected by the same diseases and pests as potatoes, peppers, eggplants. Therefore, I try not to plant them in the same place where these crops grew before.

It can also happen that individual bushes begin to wither. The reason for this may be an insufficient amount of sunlight, which is not detrimental to the vegetable. Therefore, you should not pull out or cut the bush, if it has begun to fade a little, you do not need to water it too much either. If possible, then you can try to open a little space so that more light comes to this bush. In a few weeks, the bush will come to life again, and the tomatoes will take on a healthy look, and you will not be deprived of a crop.

The tape-nesting scheme allows you to plant more bushes in one area than the square-nesting scheme. The advantage of this planting pattern is that close-planted tomatoes can better withstand weather conditions. In this method, the soil is cut into irrigation furrows every 140 centimeters, and the bushes themselves are planted on both sides of these furrows. It is also worth noting that, ideally, a tomato during growth develops in the limit of 0.3 square meters. Therefore, for good growth, each bush needs to be given its own space.

• The classical method of tying tomatoes to stakes is inferior to the trellis method, in which the branches of plants are held by a stretched rope or wire. This significantly reduces the load and provides more uniform illumination and ventilation. With this method, tomatoes do not need to be pinned. To provide a trellis garter between the stakes hammered in the rows during planting, a strong rope or wire is pulled every thirty centimeters. The main care for tomatoes in this case consists in the constant garter of stepchildren and tomato brushes to the trellises as they appear. Only the lower stepsons should be removed, which have nothing to tie. Without removing the stepchildren, the harvest will be more abundant, although the fruits may be somewhat smaller in size. The choice is up to the gardener.
• It is interesting to note that tomatoes or tomatoes are still found wild in South America, where they actually come from. In the sixteenth century, with the conquest of America by the Spaniards, the tomato came to Europe where it gained wide popularity, it is reliably known that Napoleon was a big fan of this culture and even came up with his own recipe for cooking. In Russia, tomatoes are planted in the ground as seedlings.
• Do not forget about feeding, you need to do it 2-3 times during the entire growing period

In order for the seedlings to grow well, you need to properly prepare the land for it.

Here is my experience of growing tomatoes in the open field. Share yours - leave a comment!

As soon as 2-3 true leaves appear, the seedlings should be thinned out. I try to leave those plants with a distance of 5-10 cm. Of course, I leave the strongest plants.

After all, disease-causing spores, viruses, pests live in the ground for several years. It is not recommended to sow tomatoes where they grew 3-4 years ago. Their proximity to potatoes is not desirable - this will help to avoid infection with late blight. The Colorado potato beetle won't get there either.

Seedlings planted in the ground must be fed. The first feeding should be done 10 days after transplanting. You need to take 30 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium sulfate, 4 g of urea and dissolve them in 10 liters of water. You can also buy this mixture at the store. After 2 weeks, a second feeding is performed. After each feeding, the seedlings are watered and the soil is loosened. Excessive watering of seedlings should be avoided as this can lead to disease. It is necessary that the lighting is sufficient.