Apple trees on dwarfs. Landing dwarf apple trees and care for them. Characteristic features of dwarf apple trees
Dwarf apple orchards are artistic landings that please the wonderful harvest. The wonderful invention of breeders brings juicy fruits to our table and gives aesthetic pleasure.
Garden from dwarf apple trees brings juicy fruits
If earlier the dwarf apple trees were divorced by vaccinating on low-laying, now the breeders are derived varieties of natural low-spirited trees. Last years Development slowly, but perfectly promote science to new, miniature and large-scale varieties.
When and how to put down the lowest varieties of apple trees
Multiple grain plants: plants whose trunk has been vaccinated more than one grade; Perfect for small spaces. Various fruits ripen at different times by offering a good crop in the sequence for fresh consumption. Choosing a plant size, consider the type of work that you will need to do to maintain it. With smaller plants you will have to descend under the branches to mow or mow.
Pruning the most appropriate way guarantees the production of high-quality fruits and caliber. Pruning is also necessary to control the size of the plant and adapt it to the landscape, for example, hedge hedge. However, for each variety requires a certain kind of trimming: report it. The most important thing is not to forget that the plant grows until it reaches too large; Use trimming to keep it under control.
Difference apple trees - Dwarfs from high varieties
Low growth apple trees please the owners of lush greens and abundant blossom in spring. Bright, dilated beautiful fruits, crown in autumn days. These trees are two species:
- dwarf apple trees, grow 1.2-2 m in height;
- half-classic, 3-4 m high.
There are completely tiny copies up to 0.7 m. Alone, there are few of the nature of growing grades. And to taste, apples on them are significantly inferior to grown.
Sun: Plants with fruit require full sunlight And shelter from wind. Without wind protection, plants slowly grow and require more water. Soil: Before boarding at the factory, check the characteristics of the soil and installation requirements. The soil should be provided with good drainage, with the exception of the drain that wet soil prefer. Location: Avoid landing fruit trees At the foot of the hill or the pool, where cold air accumulates. In the early spring, late frosts are damaged to the color of the plants in these places.
Proximity: Place the plants next to the water source. Plant at a distance from the house, so the treatment does not cause any problems. Ripe fruits attract wild animals, including birds that make them fall. Cherry trees located near the courtyard will have a decorative effect. Fallen fruits on Earth attract OS, with problems that arise.
The main differences between the lowest trees from high in the root system. Dwarfs - branched urine. Seed - always rod. To bring the low apple variety, make vaccinations on the clone.
Advantages of apple trees - "Brief"
High trees on the site are always available, but dwarfs are rarely diverged. In vain, because They have a number of advantages:
Pollination: Some fruit plants are self-polling; Others require specific pollinating agents to be able to implement. Even self-polishing plants are more fruitful if they are crossed. Usually, the best way receive good production - It is to plant two or more varieties of the same type, but they have the same period of flowering: early blooming plum will never be exposed to cross-pollination with late blooming drain. It turns out some decorative wild apples have a fruit apple.
Dwarf apple trees give a crop faster
- occupy four times less areathan traditional varieties;
- adopt all the properties of the clone (cultural maternal) tree;
- previously tall fruit, on the 2nd-3rd year;
- quickly add yield;
- fruits are easily going with an apple tree, without requiring the use of special devices;
- at a small tree, all nutrients go to the development of apples, and not on the growth of wood;
- early ripening, from mid-summer;
- apples are long saved in original form, smooth, smooth;
- the roots are well mastered on soils with shallow groundwater;
- almost no Padalitsa;
- decorativeness.
The cultivation of the fruit tree in his own yard should not lead to sacrifices intended for a patio or game. Many dwarf fruit trees require limited space with a diameter of 2, 5 m - some are even developing less and can remain in a vase in the courtyard. This is the advantages of dwarf fruit trees.
They produce fruit standard size, being small plants; lighter collection and protection against pathogens than standard plants; often give big productions; decorative View Due to flowers, ripe fruit, autumn colors; They begin to produce from 1 to 3 years earlier than standard plants. Dwarf plants are the result of vaccinations - combining two plants to create a living and fruitful combination. The transplant does not create a genetically modified organism; This is just an improvement technique.
Dwarf apple tree plays a role in landscape design
The description of the positive qualities of dwarfs attracts the attention of gardeners. For small sections, such varieties are grown together with high, as fruit trees, serve decorative element For plot design. A small growth allows you to give the Crown unusual forms. You can borrow an idea on the photo of landscape images.
Gravity: This is the basal part of the plant - the radical apparatus. Gingivitis affects the growth of plants and is selected according to some characteristics, such as cold resistance, drought resistance, susceptibility to diseases and adaptability of the soil. Some gateways are indicated for certain varieties, but not for others. For example, an apple tree is good as Tartan, from under dwarfs, but not from Bartletta's breasts. Development control varies depending on the fruit.
When you buy a dwarf plant, the nursery will be able to advise you the most suitable approach for specific sowing conditions that you will plant. Marza: the upper and visible of plants is the responsible part of the type and quality of fruit. Shrub or fruit part is in the root.
Disadvantages of dwarf apple trees
There are small varieties, along with the pros, a bit of negative qualities. The descriptions of the deficiencies are perceived in two ways, sometimes they act as advantages:
- Dwarf apple trees are growing faster. The life of their life is about 20 years, while high trees are twice as much. But the garden update is necessary, and at a shallow root system "kids" it is not so difficult.
- Clone seedlings are harder, so it is more expensive.
- A basic root system needs a lot of water, especially important irrigated watering in hot summer days. The roots are dried with winds, slow down its growth.
- Apple trees - dwarfs tend to overload with harvest, they need a support that gives balance, incl. With windy weather.
- With a weak agricultural engineering, the fruits are minimized, losing flavoring qualities, the period of fruction of wood increases, surface roots are drying.
Lovers of fragrant apples prefer to have traditional high and low varieties on the site, successfully combining them. They are happy to share descriptions and photos of their achievements.
Triple participation: This is part of the tree engraved between the Feston and the swamp. This is part of the departure, with a function reduction function. There are three types of dwarf plants: obtained from genetic nanomaterials obtained using triple vaccinations and miniature plants. Everyone has its advantages or disadvantages. Their functions are as follows.
Often sold as miniature plants; they do not need support; are standard cups on which graves occur from plants that have a gene that makes them a dwarf; ideal for culture in the container; Every 3-4 years reduce the radical apparatus; The most commonly used miniature plants: almonds, apple, apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach. Dwarf plants obtained by triple vaccination.
When and how to put down the lowest varieties of apple trees
High performance of low-speed apple trees is laid since the landing. Proper techniques of agricultural engineering, trimming, abundant irrigation help the village to cope with the predicted harvest.
This kind of fruit culture is enough to pull out a shallow pit for planting. Branched, growing not deep into the root system, and the root system is preparing a funnel of 0.8 m, a width of 0.5 m. If the soil is sandy, then the depth should be increased by 0.2 - 0.3 m. It is necessarily taken into account that with the time of the pit gives a shrink .
Tips for buying a dwarf tree
They do not need support; They do not require special care; They are more expensive because they are the result of a triple graft, run away at a distance of one year, so they take more time before selling; Pay attention to the depth you need to intercept; The most common are: apples and pears. Usually requires support; They will not endure the competition of weeds and require some caution; require fruit removal to prevent too much weight on the branches; The resulting height depends on the type of plant; The most common are: apple tree, apricot, cherry, lemon, fig, nectarine, olive oil, peach, plum, apple tree. Keep in mind the following tips before buying on a fruit tree.
The roots of small Yablonek consume a lot of moisture. Watering them must be regularly.
Liquid fertilizers are quickly absorbed, solid organic, mineral feeders are absorbed. Pumping the prioritudinal circles from the strain neatly 5 cm deep into the external side of the crown to 10 cm. Best time Planting seedlings in the ground:
In the fresh regions, if you want to grow a plant in a container, select a climatically stable grade that is colder than yours. Dwarf plants produce a sufficient amount of fruits for fresh use; The amount of quantity produced will not be sufficient for storage or freezing. Consider the use you want them to do. . You can ask the nursery a specific variety of nested fruit plants, especially in the case of an apple tree. The kennel will choose the most suitable approach for the conditions under which it will be planted before the grafting procedures.
Sat the dwarf apple trees best in spring, in mid-April
- in the spring, in mid-April, when the Earth fully utters, but the kidneys still sleep;
- in the fall, in the first half of October.
With spring rooting, the result of addiction can be observed throughout the growing season. White beauty, as in the snow in the garden, with a pink bloom - a magnificent background for unforgettable photos. In the fall, life activity slows down. How the apple trees will be checked in a permanent place, will be visible only in six months.
The fruit plant requires deep and fertile soil; Also should not be stagnant water. Typically, the roots do not exceed 60 cm; It is at this level that we need to cure the quality of the soil for good growth of plants. Most soil types are good for growing fruit trees. However, making the right procedures, you can improve soil conditions and make a plant more prosperous.
Dwarf and colon-shaped apple trees are the same thing?
The characteristics of the soil differ greatly depending on the size of the particles, of which it is compiled. There are three main types of landscape. Slightly clay mildly clay hardly glue. . The type of soil is characterized by a percentage of particles present; Some types of soils occur from the mixture of these three types.
Located close to the surface of the Earth, the koresystem in the winter is insulated with dips, mulch. The fat burde of the soil in the spring is gently digging, not behind the roots, so as not to reload the place of vaccination.
The dwarf apple trees have a lot of small roots. With a lack of water, they dry and are not restored. During the landing in the ground, the roots are evenly straightened, making trimming too thick. Saplings shake, slumbering the earth. The soil around the trunk carefully fasten the sock of the foot, without making sharp, strong presses, because Fragile roots are clouded. After transferring to the soil and touching the village, it is necessary to get drunk. One seedling is needed about 30 liters of water.
The percentage of predominant particles determines the type of soil and its characteristics. It is important to know the type of soil and its characteristics before you begin to cultivate it. Light, sandy or gravel landscape: sand or gravel soils absorb and free water with ease. On the other hand, this high drainage force leads to a loss nutrients And makes her poor. The soil of the average test: a rich humus, consisting of organic, vegetable or vegetable material, is decomposed, is necessary for the fertility of the soil; The average soil soil is incredibly fertile and easy to work. They are suitable for cultivating any type of plant rich in nutrients and absorbing water with ease. These particles are easily compacted, and in the warmth climate the soil dries greatly, it becomes solid and easily forms cracks. The roots and air make it difficult to penetrate this type of soil and, if they do not work, are not suitable for growing fruit plants.
- Fish and apricots can grow in these soils.
- When it rains, it becomes muddy and takes a lot of time to dry.
Forming a lush crown on a single-air, the growth of the plant should be stopped 0.9 m from the ground. A trimming of branches over the kidney is about 2 cm, with the opposite side of it. For the second year, the strongest 4 - 5 pcs are left from the grown lateral branches, which then form skeletal branches.
Feeding and protection against diseases
For a healthy, rapid growth, any plant must be fed. Dwarfs and semi-dwarf apple trees are no exception. For the second year, fertilizers contribute under the village:
Whether it is sandy light soil or heavy clay soil, it is useful to add organic material every year as a compost or dirt mixed with soil and peat, to improve texture and nutrient content. Adding organic material helps to compact the sandy soil, improving its ability to hold water and nutrients. Instead, the addition of organic material to clay soils helps to weaken the structure and improve its drainage.
Determine the types of soil
The best time for these processes is between late winter and in early spring In the case of sandy soil, between autumn and winter, in the case of clay soils. Sandy soils: They are naked to the touch, they are difficult to compact, forming agglomerates, they do not acquire the form. Tool for test: They are soft and have a form, but tend to dry and loss of form. Compact, heavy, clay soils: easily form a form and can be sealed with the formation of agglomerate; Absorb many water and can be compressed almost like a sponge. Pruning is something more than an easy way to improve plant growth; this is art.
- compost or reworked manure (rate of 30 kg per tree);
- superphosphate (13 g / 1 sq. M);
- urea (19 g / 1 sq. M);
- potassium chloride (15 g / 1 sq. M).
All fertilizers, in addition to nitrogen, include in the Agrotechnic in the fall, at the Packet of Earth. Urea distributed twice: 1/3 part add to the middle of summer, 2/3 in the midst of spring.
Spare and breeding fruit trees
Run it from the very beginning, and in subsequent years you will be rewarded excellent harvest fruit. The most important thing is to maintain the balance between vegetative growth and production. Pruning allows you to direct nutrients to fruit production. It is very important that in the early years of growing plants to sprinkle it and give it a breeding sample to regulate its development, removing any patient or a dead part and pushing it to the creation flower kidney. For different varieties are required different kinds Trimming.
The description of preventive measures to protect diseases is concluded in spraying foliage in a week at the end of flowering. The urea solution is prepared in the proportion of 100 g / 10 liters of water.
The form is susceptible to the buoy rot, bitter daughters. Against them trees are treated with calcium chloride solutions or nitrate, 50 - 100 g / 10 liters of water.
From other infections, the pests of the trunk of the thin layer are missing lime, oil paint, Garden Varier. With a small growth of the plant, it does not need large volumes of solutions.
Waiting for an abundant harvest, they follow bloom, make a trimming of weak gains. Regulation is carried out to exclude an appleal overload.
Apple trees of colonum type
Colon's apple trees are often confused with dwarfs. These are different concepts. Colon's shape opposite to lush, rounded crown of the usual tree. It meets more in semi-classic trees. For small sites are beneficial, useful plants in many ways. Because:
- a wonderful apple takes little place in the garden;
- convenient for processing;
- decorate the landscape, allow you to experiment with the design;
- intensively and early fruit, according to the description, some varieties give a little harvest in the first year.
Root systemAs in dwarf, but the colon-shaped apple trees are higher. Most of the fruits die away, shifting from the bottom up, because The central escape takes part in fruiting. At the top point it freezes.
The life of a colonum apple tree is 50 years old. However, the formation of fruits continues for about 10 years. After that, the tree exists only as decorative.
Popular varieties of low apple trees
Sorts of low apple trees are regularly replenished with new developments of scientists. Photo of gardens with miniature trees decorated with bright fruits, striking the ability of culture to produce a huge amount of apples on such small plants. They, like Christmas trees, hung by multi-colored balls.
The description of many who are popular, varieties with photos can be found on specialized sites. We note the best half-class and dwarf apple trees.
| Name | Brief characteristic of varieties | The weight of the fetus, g | Future description | Taste of flesh |
| Glory of England, medium height | Resistant to frozen, autumn ripening, resistant to diseases | 180-230 | Golden - Yellow, Rasp | Dense, sour-sweet with a wine flavor, yellow |
| Candy, dwarf | Early, Super Tasty Description of Gardeners | 130 | Green, slightly dark. Rounded. | Soft, juicy, fragrant |
| Moscow Necklace, Dwarf | Recently withdrawn, perfectly suitable for juices, yield, late maturation. More than 6 months persists. | 120-140 | Bright red | Sour - sweet, pinkish pulp |
| Melba, Dwarikova | Summer grade, the best for the Moscow region | 140 | Yellow-green with red barrel. Average | Juicy flesh, with stripes on the sunny side |
| Grushevka near Moscow | Winter, begins to bear fruit for the 5th year. High resistance to major diseases | Yellow, with red dots, small. Form elongated | Sweet-sweet, grainy | |
| Wonderful, grows not higher than 1.5 m | Lateral, with a wide, low "sharpening" crown, able to decorate a photo for any period of the year | 140 | Flat-round, ribbed. Golden-green color with red blush | Smallozing, juicy, with a pleasant aftertaste |
| Bratchud (brother wonderful) | Crohn is wide, sharpening, like the previous variety | 140-160 | Oblong rounded, with a strip-seam on the side, greenish-yellow with a fuzzy purple blush | Not very juicy, coarse, white, sour - sweet |
| Autumn striped | Requires shelter for winter not only root system, but also krone | 200 | Bright yellow color | Saturated sour sweet |
| Arbat, Colon-shaped dwarf | Medium winter, long (up to 9 months) does not lose qualities. According to the photo, the apple tree is surprisingly decorating the garden in the form of a living hedge. | 110 | Bright burgundy shade, round-reinforced | Sleese cream pulp, sour sweet, juicy, grainy |
The gracefulness of coloniforous dwarfs, a wonderful view of the filled with flowers, fragrant low apple fittings, like a photo from a good fairy tale.
For gardeners, this kind of apple tree is promising, pleased with an abundant harvest. It is convenient for them to pruning, giving the form.
More species of dwarf fruit trees are derived by breeders. Rapid entry into the period of fruiting, allows rabbing to experiment in its garden, planting new varieties. They get aesthetic pleasure and almost year-round delicious fruit.
Apples grow in every garden. These are unpretentious trees, giving a rich crop of delicious fruits. Many varieties of this fruit culture are high specimens. To simplify harvesting, gardeners often grow apple trees on dwarfs. All you need to know about such trees will be described below.
Apple trees that are grown on a slurry or dwarf-cutting, have some differences from ordinary species. The distinctive ability of such varieties is low growth. Due to the fact that a small distance is observed from the roots to the top, the trees have an increase in the speed of water and nutrients in the trunk.
As a result of the vital activity of the plant, the minimum amount of energy is spent. At the same time, the "dwarfs" spend the main forces on the formation of uncertic and ripening fruit. Therefore, such varieties are characterized by high yield.
For any variety grown on dwarf, the following features are characteristic:
- shortened intersezium;
- large leaves;
- formation of a large number of flowers;
- a small amount of roots;
- wood can accumulate a significant amount of substances of mineral and organic type. Such a feature leads to poor strength of the barrel.
Despite the presence of general traits various varieties Apple trees-dwarfs are distinguished between themselves with certain parameters (the timing of ripening, the volume of the crop, etc.).
Overview of the best varieties
To understand how to grow a dwarf apple tree, it is necessary, first of all, to determine its species. To select a suitable variety, you should first find out the features growing every kind of like.
The most popular varieties are:
- Melba The tree is capable of growing up to 3 m. Summer grade. Harvesting occurs since July to August. From one tree you can collect up to 40 kg. One apple weighs about 200 g;
- Bratchud. It is natural dwarf. The average growth is about 2 m. It has good stability in front of the cold. One plant gives up to 100 kg of harvest;
- Sokolovskaya. Also natural dwarf. Its average height is 2 m. Yield from one tree - 65 kg.
- Carpet. Forms a horizontal crown. The plant grows up to 2 m and gives about 60 kg of apples. It is characterized by good winter hardiness;
- Golden Delishesise. Autumn variety. The tree has a middle height. Fruption begins on the second year;
- Zhigulevskoe. Different with a long storage period of apples. The tree is fruit in 2-3 years after disembarking;
- Borovinka. It is characterized by good coolness. The crop is formed for 5 years after landing.
As we see, for some varieties given above, a dwarf or semi-class dive was used. To obtain from such plants good harvest The acquired seedlock should be put correctly.
Rules landing
Landing a variety of a dwarf apple tree can be performed as autumn and spring. The rules of landing here are similar to the requirements for ordinary varieties. However, if a dwarf diving for an apple tree is used, some subtleties should be observed when disembarking such seedlings. For example, when landing, you must pay attention to the place where the vaccine was made. This plot should not be underground. Otherwise, the tree will go into growth. Also the place of vaccination can start rotting.
When landing the dwarf seedlings in the ground should be made by humus, ash or superphosphate. The pit should not be wide and deep. The optimal depth is 60 cm. In the process of landing the roots are evenly distributed in the dug hole. The root system will fall asleep gradually. It is necessary to tackle every layer. This should be actually actively in order not to break the fragile trunk. Therefore, such a tree should be configured to the support.
Further care
After planting a seedling of a dwarf apple tree, you need to follow the rules of its cultivation. Otherwise, fruiting will be low. To achieve a good and abundant harvest, trees regularly feed.
Mineral feeding are made by 2-3 years of life. In addition, the land around the trunk should be thoroughly loosen and remove weeds. Watering is carried out regularly. It is especially important in the autumn period and when growing on loam. Be sure to pruning. Cut about ¼ branches. Only properly grown dwarf apple trees will give abundant harvest every year.
Advantages and disadvantages
Choosing dwarf and semi-darling structures for an apple tree, should be remembered about their advantages and disadvantages.
The pluses of landing such trees include the following points:
- good yield. Peak fruction usually occurs at 10 years of age;
rapid formation of apples; - fruits have excellent taste;
- beautiful appearance apples;
- compact sizes that simplify harvesting;
- branches are not affected by a strong wind;
- simple care;
- many varieties have high coolness;
- small consumption of means of protecting trees from diseases and pests;
- you can land seedlings in almost any climatic conditions.
However, despite such an impressive list of advantages, the cultivation of dwarfs has its drawbacks. These include such moments:
- the close location of the roots to the surface of the Earth, which makes plants sensitive to cold. Therefore, such trees need additional shelter for the winter;
- high demands of seedlings to the fertility of the soil. To this you need to be prepared and begin to make feeders for 2 years after disembarking;
- unstable yield;
- need for backups;
- short fruitful period.
The cultivation of an apple tree on dwarf stock requires the knowledge of the characteristics of such plants from the gardener, as well as strict compliance with the rules of care. Only so from the planted tree you can achieve excellent fruiting.
Video "Apple tree on dwarf bed"
From this video you will learn about the features of an apple tree-leached in dwarf.
Irina K.