Stairs for a private house are not only need, but also beauty, attractiveness. Such stairs can be different typesThe choice depends on the size of the room, the design, the wishes of the owners of the household. You can set constructions from different materials. This article will help to learn about the types of stairs designs for the house, when one or another type is preferable, in which differences, which requirements are put forward to the safety of stairs, from which parts are the staircase.

Exists a large number of species of stairs. The division depends on the appointment, functionality and other criteria. Knowledge of the main types of stairs will allow during the construction or arrangement of the house to make a choice in favor of one or another.

Types of stairs

1. For appointment:
   • internet
   • entrance
   • passing
   • workers;
2. By functionality:
   • landscape
   • houses
   • special;
3. For relative position:
   • outdoor
   • internal;
4. By layout:
   • swivel
   • straight;
5. By method of functioning:
   • transformable
   • stationary
   • portable;
6. By design:
   • single one
   • two-hours
   • multi-hour;
7. By material supporting parts:
   • metal,
   • reinforced concrete,
   • wooden
   • concrete,
   • combined.

As you can see, the types of stairs large number. Now let's choose from this diversity that you will choose those stairs that are suitable for the house. To begin with, let's talk about component elements (details) stairs.

Basic elements of stairs

Basic details of stairs - These are steps and supports that support them. Beams that support steps from the ends and from the bottom at the same time called asian. Beams that maintain levels from below are called kosoury. If the steps are relying on 3 Kouryra, then the middle instance will be called the intermediate.

Steps consist of a sticking, that is, the horizontal surface and the riser, the vertical part. In the design of stairs, the risers may not be present, which are an additional support for steps.

Treaty

Stage of stairs

Kosoera stairs

The string of stairs

Supporting elements are also hospitals and racks. The hospitals are special bolts that are mounted in the wall. On the hospitals fasten the staircase steps. The rack is the main bearing element in the screw staircase.

Bolties

Rack of spiral staircase

The collected steps and beams are called staircase, it serves to lift from one level to another. If the design of the staircase is more complicated, it also contains the staircases that we talked above.

Another important details of stairs, although not always used, are railing, handrails or fences, as well as trim and finishing parts. There may be additional enclosing parts in the form of rods, metal racks, handrails and so on.

Railing stairs

The railing may have a support in the form of a bassine. These are such vertical elements of stairs, which are racks, they are also decoration. Made from cast iron, bronze, wood, marble, brass or other materials.

Balaasine for stairs

Types of stairs for home and their features

Ladders for home can be divided into three main types:

1. Spiral or screw.
2. Movie.
3. Ladders at largests.

Let's now consider them in more detail.

Spiral or screw timber

Screw stairs

They are suitable for such premises, where there is little space to ordinary direct stairs. Calculate the size of the space is easy. It will depend on the size of the steps. On average, the length of each stage of the screw staircase is 50-100 cm. And spaces will be required for such a structure at least twice as many. That is, 100-200 cm. Similar structures are not very comfortable, but occupy less place. Suitable as auxiliary, allowing you to descend or climb into the ground floor or attic. There may be different shapes: both octagonal, and square, and round, and so on.

Square spiral staircase

Octagonal spiral staircase

Make them usually from wood or metal. Steps in the form of wedges are attached around the rack or post. Typically, the rack is made of metal, is a pipe. The narrow side of the step is attached to the post, and is widely in contact with the wall or balusters. Usually there are no risers, the steps are fixed to the rack of the railing with a wide face.

Screw staircase without risers

Important moments about screw staircases:

• To make it convenient and safely climbing such a staircase, the central width of the steps do not less than 20-25 cm. The widest part must be no more than 40 cm.
• Basically, materials for the manufacture of screw stairs are wood or metal.
• The stairs can be placed at the carrier wall, and in the middle of the room. They occupy a little place, but still set them less frequently than straight. It depends on the convenience, as it is very difficult to descend along the screw copy, it is necessary to be neat and attentive.
• Basically these stairs are auxiliary. They are good when the opening is small for mounting. But there are copies, the diameter of which is more than 3 meters, of course, it is a rarity, an experienced master of such an opening always uses for the march staircase.
• It should be borne in mind that the less the opening, the steeper the staircase.

Marsey stairs

Marshagian staircase

This design is the most common. It is very convenient to descend and climb, because the biomechanics of movements are taken into account. Such stairs are ideal in rooms where enough space. The size of such a staircase and the necessary sizes of space can usually be treated as follows: Measure the height of the wall, where the staircase will pass, and the length of the floor. Then they paint a rectangular triangle, where the customs will be the wall and gender, and the hypothenouris - the staircase. The perfect corner of the stairs is 45 degrees.

Scheme calculation of the sizes of the march staircase

Important moments about the march stairs:

There are marching stairs different species: closed marching stairs and open. Closed implies the presence of steps with the approaches, open - when there are no risers.

Movie staircase without risers

Marshamic staircase

M.archey stairs differ in design. There are with Kosomi, and there With asserts. These are the types of fixing steps of the stairs.

Kosooh construction involves such a placement of steps in which they seem to be laid in the so-called "saddles". The steps are placed on the Kosooge beam above, and from the end the risers are mounted. The beam has a pilot shape. The stairs of this type are not as popular as a tee, they look perfect if made of wood. Sorry space structures in rooms, where country style is set, for example.

Movie staircase on coury

Kosoury march staircase

1. kosooge beam sawdow
2. disposal
3. risers.

Testa, that is, inclined bearing beams are held along the entire length of the marches, are the basis carrying the part of the structure. Basically, the overall staircases are tee (their width can be 2 meters or more). The so-called the guise closes the end fragments of the marches. Here the steps are fixed in wide gaps (grooves) that are inside the beams. The thickness of the beams should be greater than 6 cm.

Marching staircase

Tittence of the marching staircase

1. tERM BIKS.
2. appeal.

Stairs can be single-hour, two-year or multi-hour. The number of marches depends on the layout and number of floors in the house, as well as the purpose of the premises.

Single room staircase

Two-storey staircase

Multi-hour staircase

In addition, the conditionally stairs are divided on rotary and straight.

Straight are the simplest. Their characteristics are convenience, strength, simplicity of manufacture.

Direct marching staircase

If the steps are more than 10, then the march must be divided into two parts and install the pad. The staircase with an intermediate platform will be called the swivel. In order to save space, the gaps are replaced by the steps called the grooves, in such designs, the outer edge is wider than the inner.

Running steps

Rotary stairs occupy less areathan straight, having the same height of steps. Typically, turning structures are installed along the walls, and under them it is well placed to store a storage room or a subsidy.

Swivel marching staircase

Rotary marching stairs are also divided into species.

These are curvilinear, the width of the narrow end of which should be no less than 10 cm. This is their feature. There are stairs of the curved form. On stairs with overtakers, climb and descend uncomfortable, legs do not feel the necessary support.

Curved marching staircase

Also, the rotary stairs are semi-turn, circular, quarter-moving. The angle of rotation of the last species is 90 degrees, they are usually mounted along two adjacent walls.

Quarter-turn marching staircase

The angle of rotation of semi-coordinate is 180 degrees.

Semobile marching staircase

And in circular, this parameter is 360 degrees.

Circular marching staircase

Stairs at Bolzakh

Staircase at Bolzakh

The stairs at the Bolts received their name from the German word, which translated the pin or bolt. That is the fastener, with which you can attach a staircase. Steps and fencing of such a design are mounted to the wall using the hospitals. Or the staircase lies on special steel supports in the form of rods. Such an instance is good in rooms, where the compactness, weightlessness and ease of construction are needed.

Staircase at Bolts 2

Steps are fixed exclusively to the wall with bolts. That is, on the one hand, there must be a wall from the staircase. Such designs are very popular and gaining more and more distribution. They seem easy and weightless from the side. But this is actually, of course, not so. Such stairs are very reliable and durable, one step can withstand the cargo, whose weight is more than 1,500 kg.

Fastening stairs on parodes

Important moments of stairs at the parodes:

• Bolts are fixed using special rubber gaskets. Such a staircase is attractive, "air", allows you to penetrate the maximum of light into the room.
• For stairs at the parodes, the presence of a cosome or the guards is not characterized, they are characterized by elegant curved railing.

Railings of stairs at the Bolts

Materials for the manufacture of stairs

Stairs can be made of different materials. Steps made of wood, concrete, plastic, marble, metal, granite, glass is no longer surprised, in conditions of diversity it is difficult to make the right choice. It is necessary to pay attention to the durability of materials from which the staircase is made. The material from which the steps are made are important, because they get most of the load. They must be abrasion racks, are not susceptible to footwear tracks, mechanical effects, the least sensitive to temperature fluctuations, sunlight, humidity. It is also important that the steps would not have the effects of home chemistry, other substances, dirt, they should differ by environmental purity and ease of care.

Steps can be made of the following materials:

Stone steps

• Wood. Most strong wood in mahagony, teak, dussie, wenge, walnut, ash, ceremony, dying. These rack breeds to the effects of atmospheric phenomena, excessive humidity, they are solid, do not perceive mechanical damage. Maple, oak, beech also stands for mechanical exposures, solid rocks. But the oak can remain light marks from the oil, he is very susceptible to him. Beech can be deformed, susceptible to moisture. Maple may yellow, prone to the appearance of cracks.

Pine can be called the most inappropriate material for stairs, as it is soft and very susceptible to any mechanical impact. Cherry and a pereg for strength have medium characteristics, resistant to shocks. Larch is not amenable to rotting, stronger pine.

Wooden steps

• Glass. For stairs, laminated or tempered glass is required. But when hitting the end, such steps may be damaged, prone to the appearance of scratches. Easier and stronger acrylic glass. But over time it can get yellow, it is easy to put scratches on it.

Glass steps

How to choose a stairs

What do you need to first pay attention to the right to choose and order a staircase from the manufacturer?

The following criteria are important:

• It is important to turn to the manufacturer of stairs at the design stage of the house. At this stage, experts will have to recommend the necessary interses necessary for the stairs.
• You need to immediately choose the design of the stairs. Will it be a spiral, marching or staircase at parodes. The route is very convenient, but for her you need a lot of space. The spiral staircase is beautiful, economical in terms of space, but very uncomfortable with rages and descents. The staircase at the parodes and aesthetic, and convenient. The choice can be done by reading the description of the types of stairs, which is given in the article above.
• The staircase must be comfortable. The most comfortable and safe stairs are marching copies with playgrounds, as well as rectilinear marching structures, where no more than 18 stages. In the second place of the stairs at the Bolshes and marches with overtakers. And the honorable third place is rightfully occupied by screw staircases.
• You need to pay attention to the staircases. Each opening is an individual solution, it depends on the design of the stairs and configuration. Engineers usually recommend the following parameters, but it must be remembered that it is a purely individual criterion and in each room should be your approach: if the march is straight, then the opening should be 1.2 by 3.7 m; If the configuration is L-shaped, then the size of the opening is 3.1 per 1, 3 m. For the U-shaped structure, we are recommended for 2 by 2.5 m. The main screw staircase may have an opening of 2.2 per 2.2 m ( D 200 - 210 cm); A auxiliary - 1.5 per 1.5 m (D 140 cm).
• The experience of the manufacturer of stairs, positive reviews of previous customers is important.
• One of the important items to be paid to special attention - safety stairs. That is, there must be a certain ratio of the width of the sticking and lifting height, the method of installing the last and first stage is important, which are the most dangerous design places. For the purpose of safety of kids, the distance between the balasins of the fence or racks must be no more than 15 cm.
• If the staircase does not pass between the two walls, then the fence must be. The height of the fences should not be more than 85 cm. The width of the steps is recommended from 25 to 30 cm.
• Another security point is the bearing ability of the stairs. That is, it must withstand certain loads. For public buildings, it is not less than 400 kg per 1 square meter of stage, and for residential premises this parameter is 300 kg per 1 square meter.
• In order to safety, the steps must be non-slip, without inclination. The railing must be approached for any height. All this is laid at the stair design stage. Safety depends not only on the manufacturer who must comply with all rules and norms, but also from installers.
• At first, the staircase is very carefully fixed on the second floor or platform between floors. The length of the stairs should coincide with the height of the floor. On the second floor set the railing. For these purposes, reliable fasteners are needed. As a result, the staircase must be durable, the railing should stand tightly and reliably.
• The angle of lifting should not be more than 45 degrees. Most optimal option - It is 35-40 degrees. The width of the marches should be no less than 80 cm, best, if it is from 90 to 120 cm.
• The size of the opening in the interoard floors is recommended for single-hour straight stairs with a minimum size of 100 per 250 cm. For screw stairs, which have a central rack, the minimum diameter of the opening is 170 cm, and for P-shaped stairs - 210 per 250 cm.
• It is recommended to split the rise into several parts with platforms for recreation or with running steps on turns. It will be a security guarantee. The material from which the steps and the whole design as a whole are also important. It should be non-flammable. For these purposes, for example, wood is treated with special compositions.

  When installing stairs, it is important not to neglect engineering requirements for a method for fastening structures and not to choose decorative instances to the detriment of the necessary functions.

• The stairs are always constructed under a certain house, all its features are taken into account. The height of the lifting step is recommended from 15 to 19 cm, and the desired and safe height of the handrails is 90-95 cm.

Preparation for installation and installation of stairs

Staircase for a private house

Installation of the stairs can be divided into steps. Before installing, you need to hold a number of important actions:

1. The place is determined where the staircase will be located.
2. The type of stairs, the number of steps, height and width, the angle of inclination of the design, design, the material from which the staircase will be erected.
3. Installation is made after the completion of construction and finishing worksuch as outdoor and internal. The staircase must be included in the house project. The specialist should determine the place for it, leaving the necessary opening, calculate where the beams will be located, what supports will be.
4. The size of the staircase is important, as stated in the article above.
5. All security measures (fence) are taken into account.
6. It is important to consider the strengthening of the stairs by selecting the most optimal for this room. When the wall is far away, the staircase is fixed and below, and on top. If the elements of the stairs are kept on wooden clutches, the design will creak and falls out. Therefore, we need exclusively metal fasteners.
7. After that, you can start the installation of stairs. It is best to entrust this work to experienced specialists.

Staircase for a private house of metal

Choosing the stairs, it is necessary to take into account all the features of the house, its design so that the design fit perfectly into the room was its stylish addition and was safe.

If your private house or a multi-level apartment contains more than one floor, the question of the construction of the ladder will rise at the very beginning of the repair. When choosing a design and material for the manufacture of the stairs, it is important to be guided not only by your stylistic preferences, but also not to forget about safety and ergonomics. Select several criteria for which the selection of the design of the staircase and materials for its manufacture is carried out:

• of particular importance is the location of the stairs - the front door in the center of the hall, living room or minor on the backyards of the housing;
• the location of the future design relative to the room, its size and quantity square metersallocated under the direct erection of the stairs;
• the level of safety of the design will depend on whether small children and the elderly live in the house - some modern models stairs may be unsafe;
• the thickness of the walls to which the design elements will be attached;
• the interior of the premises in which the construction will be located.

The staircase in a private vacuum or apartment is not only a construction that helps get to the top level, but also important element interior affecting his appearance, Location Furniture and Decor. Therefore, to approach the selection of the staircase model, it is necessary with all seriousness by weighing all the advantages and disadvantages of each model and the material of its manufacture.

Options for stairs for private houses

All stairs can be divided into march and screw (spiral). Most often in modern dwellings are precisely marching structures, which in turn are divided into the following subspecies:

• designs on the cosos - consist of beams that are individually attached to the base (made of wood, metal and concrete);
• stairs on assets - steps are attached to the inside of the beam. Structures have a complex design and can be performed from various materials;
• buildings at the Bolts - all structural elements are connected by bolts (there are metal and wooden).

Consider each other from the options for marching stairs.

Stairs on Kowras

One of the most common options for the structures of stairs in private houses are constructions on cosos. Among the advantages of such models, the following can be distinguished:

The method of fastening steps in such structures will depend on the number of beams attached to the base - two or one. Kosomers, in turn, can be straight, broken or screw.

This type of stairs is possible in various variations of execution, you can create truly individual design Construction on the basis of the traditional model.

The use of glass or plastic transparent railing in the form of screens allows you to create a loss of a ladder for modern interior. The only drawback is the absence of a railing in the idea to which we are accustomed to, the impossibility of relying on the attachments. But with such short marches, this lack is insignificant, unless there are elderly people with movement problems in the house.

Designs on governments

The stairs on the growths have a sophisticated appearance, which will most harmoniously look at classic style interior and derivatives from this stylistic direction. Steps in such structures are attached to the supporting beam from the inside. Design complexity and excellent appearance do not interfere with structures to have an incredibly high level of convenience, safety and comfort of movement.

Such structures can be made of metal and wood, act as combinations with other materials.

Constructions at Bolzakh

As a rule, the stairs on the bolsters are made of metal (this is due to the features of the attachment of the elements of the structure), but may have a combined composition of manufacturing materials. Due to the fact that all elements are connected using pins and bolts, designs have a fairly simple and concise appearance, but incredibly durable and durable. Constructions can withstand high weight. The fact is that the supporting beam is mounted to the ceiling, wall or semi metal rods.

The main advantage of this design is the possibility of disassembling for repair or reconstruction. Steps in such ladders can be open or closed, have a different form and dimensions of execution.

Due to the fact that such stairs do not have the grounds, the space under them can be used to favor households, having arranged a place to relax, read the corner with a small library.

Screw staircase - exclusive interior

Screw stairs are especially popular in private homes, where a few useful space of the room is intended to arrange the structure. Spiral stairs consist of degrees, handrails and racks (bases). This is amazing, but the screw staircases can be not only round, but also octagonal, square. In homes where there are small children or older people with challenges, it is possible not to use such original models, but in other cases, the screw stairs are able to decorate any interior, not to mention the practical side of the question.

Most often similar designs have metal carcassBut there are also options made entirely of wood. Combined structures look very effectively, not yielding to metal structures in strength and durability.

Materials for the manufacture of stairs

Currently, various materials are used for the manufacture of stairs, select the most popular of them:

Metallic and wooden stairs, durability, durability, durability and relatively low cost of structures use most popular as many years ago. But depending on the style of the interior of the room in which the staircase is installed, various combinations of these materials with glass, natural or artificial stone and even plastic are used.

For many years, wood that has proven itself as a solid, durable, wear-resistant and environmentally friendly material, continues to be one of the most popular options for building raw materials for the manufacture of stairs. Such stairs can be three types:

Sometimes there are constructions that combine two options for fastening degrees within a single structure. In some premises require constructive features Spaces, in others, is just a designer method of bringing originality to the interior.

Wooden stairs with metal railings, decorated with wrought-iron decor, look traditionally, impressively and safely. Such structures will organically fit into many interior styles.

The combination of metal and wood provides many variations for the design of a strong and reliable staircase, which will organically fit into modern style Interior, Loft or Country Stylistics.

The stone staircase is durable and durable, but requires an impressive foundation due to the longest weight of the main design. Most often, natural stone is used only for the manufacture of steps and risers, but even in this case, the weight of the structure will be impressive. Less requirements for artificial analogues, but also durability, the durability of such materials is significantly inferior to natural raw materials. But the appearance is difficult to distinguish from natural material, and it is worth fake diamond Valuely cheaper than natural.

Stone stairs with forged railing look luxuriously. This is surprising, but the classic image of the staircase will be relevant not only in traditional interior styles, modern stylistics have a favorable integration of such structures.

The staircase, the steps of which are made of raw stone, looks impressive, firmly and safe. The rusticity of such a construction add the original railing, made of flexible branches, which at first glance did not pass any processing.

Concrete ladders are one of the most budget options. They are strong enough, safe, but unfortunately are not so durable as their counterparts from metal, stone or wood.

Stairs, which use glass for making steps, look incredibly easy, even air. For such structures, a specially tempered glass, the strength characteristics of which are increased. In combination with the chrome-plated frame surfaces, the staircase with glass steps will effectively complement the modern style of the interior, high-tech, pop art or loft.

Stairs with original design

Some models of stairs are flight of the designer fancy. Such structures are able to raise the lineup of the uniqueness of your interior for transcendental heights, but in pursuit of unusual constructive ideas, it is important not to forget about the safety and ease of use of the structure.

You can even give uniqueness even the most traditional staircase, issuing an original railing or space under steps. For example, cladding of risers with ceramic tile With a bright ornament allows you to bring not only uniqueness, but also a positive attitude, a festive appearance in the interior.

The staircase with a curved base that is not screw, but it has smooth shapes, it looks more than impressive. Steps are attached to the center of the base having a curved shape. Of course, with such a design, the stairs to do without a railing will be difficult. A similar building does not occupy a lot of space and does not require a massive base - support.

The staircase with one twist march is most often used in multi-level apartments to provide access to the top level, sometimes such structures are found in private homes. If there are no small children and the elderly in your home, you can restrict ourselves to the design without a railing.

In the rooms decorated in the style of country, you can often find rustic elements in the design of the stairs. As a rule, rusticity affects the elements of the railil, sometimes supports.

LED backlight - safety and decor element

The highlighting of the steps or space near the stairs can become not only an element of the safety of your home, but also give the originality of the interior, to provide you with the opportunity to create different options The atmosphere depending on the use of a type of lighting.

The backlight of the steps looks spectacular and allows you to safely move between the flooring floors in the dark.

Space under the stairs - practical and aesthetic use

Storage systems do not happen much. This thesis is familiar to all homeowners. That is why the most popular use of space under the stairs is the arrangement of various types of lockers, shelves and even whole racks.

By building a book rack under the staircase and putting a comfortable chair and floor lamp, you will provide household opportunities in solitude to read the book and relax, without using the useful space of the room, which is often not enough for such functional zones.

Sometimes under the stairs manages workplace Or even a full cabinet with a writing desk, chair and storage systems for books and office.

Some homeowners prefer to equip space under the stairs under the wine cabinet. In addition to functional attack, such storage systems are watching effectively and modern, becoming an interior highlight.

Sometimes you can meet the use of space under steps as storing storage systems, on both sides of limited walls. But with such a construction retractable boxes It is important to remember that it is not necessary to heat the containers, it will in part that will depend on the safety of the staircase.

In some homes (depending on architectural features premises) It turns out rationally to use not only space under the stairs, but also the territory of the staircase between marchs. Soft seats for the window will help organize a reading area or conversations.

Staircase on the second floor - modern, safe and attractive design

Recently construction country house Very often not limited to one floor. In order to expand the space, the second is erected or is insulated and is given to suitable for comfortable accommodation The state of the mansard room. And this means that without a staircase in the interior of the first floor can not do.

The staircase on the second floor with his own hands may well be assembled from the finished set, which can be purchased in companies that profidate it with the development and manufacture of this interior functional element. In the proposed directories, you can choose a staircase that perfectly fit into the situation of both floors, and it will be comfortable and safe for lifting and descent for all family members.

You can try and independently build a staircase, but in this case it is necessary to produce, since with the absence of the structure, the usual element of the house may well become a traumatic "simulator".

In addition, you need to decide which role in the interior will play a staircase. It can be completely imperceptible, and not to be a decorative decoration of the room, and may become the center of the composition, around which will build all the design of the room.

So to choose a suitable instance, better though would be schematically draw a staircase that I wanted would be To see in your home, but you can find a ready-made option and adapt it to a specific room.

Before you choose the model of the stairs, you must know how it is arranged, and how to calculate its correct parameters.

The main components of the staircase elements

The design of the staircase has a lot of components, some of them are mandatory, others may not enter into devices of certain types of this facility.

So, the staircase cannot do without steps and supports that support them are the main elements of the simplest designs of inter-storey stairs.

• The step itself consists of two parts - vertical and horizontal. The first of them is called the riser, and the second one - a guide. The riser is a support for doing, but sometimes they do without it.
• Supports can be two types:

- The Agreement is a beam that supports steps from their ends;

- Kosur - beam, supporting steps below.

• The railing is also an important element of the staircase, although it is not present on all its kinds. But if there are children or the elderly in the house, they can not do without them.
• Balaasins - vertically installed supports for the railings, which most often become not only a functional part of the staircase, but also its decorative decoration. This element can be made of different materials and have different forms.

Since there are different types of stairs, each of them can have parts that are necessary for a particular design.

• Rack - This element is used for the device of the screw staircase. On the rack with a certain step, the steps of a special form are fixed, which form a spiral, rising from the first to the second floor.

• Hosts are special bolts, which are also supporting steps with elements, they are attached in the wall and directly to the steps themselves. They are not used for everyone, but only for certain types of stairs.

Types of stairs

Having learned from which elements there are stairs, you need to figure it out more about how each of the specifies of structures looks like, installed between floors.

Marshagian staircase

This type of staircase is popular for a private house of any type. It consists of one or more straight marches equipped with exactly located stages. It is convenient to descend and climb, but the lack of this model is that it is necessary to have enough room in the room for it.

The most common - marching stairs

If the staircase consists of several marches, each of them must have at least 3 ÷ 4 and not more than 15 stages. Failure to comply with this standard can lead to not comfortable lifting on the stairs. Typically, the number of steps in each march is 8 ÷ 11 pieces, and special platforms are installed between the marches. Their sizes are multiple of the average length of the step.

• Marsh stairs can be closed and open. The first of them are in the design of the approaches, and the second are arranged without them. An open option is convenient in cases where the steps have an insufficient width.
• Marsh stairs can have steps fixed on cososters or on the growth. For these parts, boards having a thickness of at least 45 ÷ 50 are selected, and even better - even 60 ÷ 70 mm.
• If the straight staircase without turns has more than 8-9 steps, then for strength it is also recommended to divide it with a platform.
• In the case when the staircase is built with a small turn, it is called a swivel, and sometimes on this site instead of the site arrange the steps that are called running out.

Starts of a quarter of a revolving staircase

• In addition to the above types, marching stairs can be:

— quarter-work - the angle of which when turning is 90 degrees, and they are arranged, mainly at the junction of two walls;

- semi-coordinate - the turn of them has an angle of 180 degrees;

- Circular models - marches consistently form a turn of 360 degrees.

Staircase design at largests

The name of these stairs at the hospitals occurred from the German word "Bolzen", which means a bolt. Thus, this is a staircase fixed on bolts. In fact, it is a fastener in the form of a pin having a thread at its ends. With the help of their steps and fencing are bonded between themselves and mounted into the wall. Thanks to these devices, the design looks light and air. Contributes to this and the absence of risers.

In addition, a similar model can be stretched on a certain segment of the wall, and it may look quite compact. Despite the seeming light, the design is reliable and durable, it is capable of withstanding hundreds of kilograms, so the stairs at the bolsters are becoming increasingly popular.

Despite the "air" appearance, the staircase at the Bolts is very reliable

Naturally, such a design cannot be located in the middle of the room, as it must be attached to the wall, the main condition for the installation is its strength of the material from which it was erected.

The staircase at the parodes is quite difficult to calculate independently, but it can be purchased in a set or make an order to professionals on its manufacture with reference to the specific conditions of the house.

Video: Installation of a wooden staircase at the parodes

Installation of this design is quite complicated, and entrust it is better to qualified craftsmen, which will be able to assess the possibility of its installation. Therefore, before purchasing a kit, it is best to first consult with specialists.

Screw inter-storey staircase

This design is more complex in installation, but has the advantage in the fact that it occupies the lowest area of \u200b\u200ball existing options, so ideal for premises with a small area. In addition, such a staircase can be installed at any convenient place of the room and, if desired, make it the center of the interior composition, as the design has a fairly aesthetic appearance.

Screw staircase - saves space, but not always convenient for carrying overall objects

May be different species, but for two-storey house The best model consists of racks and wedge-shaped steps. For the rack choose metal pipe or wooden support.

• The rack itself is fixed to the floor of the first floor and in the inter-storey or attic ceiling.
• The steps are fixed with a narrow side and rotate so that the overall design resembles a spiral.
• Balaasins are installed on a wide side of the steps, the upper part of which is fixed in the handrail, repeating the spiral direction of the entire structure.

Video: Screw staircase mounting

Inconvenient in such a model is the fact that it will be difficult to raise or to lower Down some kind of massive piece of furniture. In addition, choosing such a model to install such a model, you need to know that the smaller the opening for it in inter-storey overlap, the ladder will be cooler and inconvenient.

Calculate the screw design is easy. To do this, the site is defined in the room where it will be installed, its center is calculated - this will be the place of installation of the rack. Further, the distance from the rack to the border is measured - it will be the width of the span, i.e. Starts length.

For comfortable walking along such a staircase, the size of the mid-stage must be at least 200 mm, and the widest part should be no more than 400 ÷ 420 mm.

This design is quite possible to make and assemble yourself, in the presence of skills to work with a tree, and the ability to calculate the load on the selected material. However, if there is no confidence in your abilities, it is better to entrust work by a specialist, since incorrect designed design Very effortful.

Requirements for the design of stairs

Before starting to work, you need to learn the requirements for the design of the staircase.

Security is perhaps the most important condition. So that it is fully fulfilled, it is very important to accurately calculate all the parameters:

- calculates the angle of the slope, width and height of the steps, the method of fastening the first and last of them;

- if the staircase is not located between the two walls, the fencing is necessary, and its height should be at least 800 ÷ 850 mm;

- If there are small children in the house, bales that support the charging of the fences, should not be located apart from each other than 100 ÷ 120 mm;

- the width of the steps should be 200 ÷ 300 mm;

- the staircase must withstand quite large loads - for residential buildings, they make up 300 ÷ 350 kg / m²;

- It is impossible for the steps to be slippery - the texture of their external coating is necessarily thought out;

- The whole design should be securely and rigidly fixed between the floors;

- undesirable to install a design at an angle of lifting more than 45 degrees;

- the width of the spans should not be done less than 850 mm, the optimal option is 1000 ÷ 1200 mm;

- the staircase will be less traumatic, if it is divided by platforms into two or three parts;

- fastenings for structural elements must be made of qualitative material, so you can not save on them;

- If wooden parts are processed independently, then you need to bring them to perfect evenness and compliance with the dimensions set by the drawing or patterns.

Video: Errors in the design and construction of stairs

Calculation of the parameters of the stairs and the manufacture of parts

Since for independent manufacture And the installation of a marching structure with steps stacked on Kosur is the most affordable, as well as convenient and safe in operation, then it is worth considering it.

The first thing to be done is to calculate the place, quantity and size of steps, as well as the width of the staircase.

Calculation of ladder parameters

The calculation of the design of the marching staircase is as follows:

• The height of the room and the length of the whole or part of the wall is taken as a basis - the place that is assigned to install the staircase. By reducing these values \u200b\u200bon the scale, draw the rectangular triangle, in which the hypotenurium will be the staircase itself, and by catech - the height of the lift and the floor.

An angle of 45 degrees is ideal for installing the staircase, but it can be changed, depending on the desire of the owner of the house and from the area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

• A comfortable width of the adoption must be at least 200 mm, therefore the floor catat, based on its long-term length, is divided into this magnitude. The resulting number of steps is placed in the drawing.
• The height of the risers, convenient for movement, should not exceed 100 ÷ 120 mm. To calculate them, you need to share the height of the overall lift to the selected height of the risers and also transfer to the drawing.
• Thus, it is possible to calculate the sizes of a cow for laying steps.
• The width of the staircase will depend on the preference of residents and on the size of the room.

Video: An example of calculating the marching inter-storey staircase

Making details of stairs

In order to make items properly, you need to definitely transfer the size of the drawing made to the material, and pick up high-quality well-dried wood.

• The most difficult thing is perfectly cut down the cosos, as reliability and durability will depend on this, as well as the aesthetics of the structure. For these carrier elements, the board is chosen solid without cracks and numerous large bitch, a thickness of at least 45 ÷ 50 mm.
• The canvas may have a 1,5-cm width longer than the place provided for them on the cosos, plus the thickness of the risers. The adops must be perfectly smooth with rounded neat edges, and it is also very important to consider. For them, a board with a thickness of 30 ÷ 35 mm is selected.
• If planned to make the staircase closed, with approaches, then they must also be made carefully. For these elements, you do not need to take a large thickness board, as basically all the load will fall on the platform, and the risers will play a supporting role. Quite thickness of 15 ÷ 20 mm.

• Balaasins and handrails will be better acquired in finished form along with fasteners. If there are children in the house, then for security purposes, you should install two balusters for each step. In the case when the children have already grown, it is enough for one supporting handrail element.

Prices for various types of elements of stairs

Elements of stairs

Installation of stairs

Installation of the stairs - the most responsible moment after the manufacture of all elements of the design, and it is necessary to come up with the maximum responsibility.

• The first to install the boosters in advance marks. On the floor, they are fixed on the supporting timber attached in the right place, and in the upper part they are installed in the cut-off gaps in the ceiling beam. Sometimes metal supports mounted on the overlapping ceiling are used to secure the top of the cosomers. Attasions for these carrier elements are anchor bolts.

In order for the parts to be perfectly smoothly, there are constantly inserted in the installation process on the plumb and the construction level.

• If the risers are provided, then they are screwed before putting the canvas.
• Then, on top of the cosomes and risers from above, the panels of the appearance are fixed on top.

Fastening the risers and a fee occurs in the complex, and goes down up.

• Then, when the steps are ready, you can move to the balaasine installation.

From both sides, that is, on the floor of the first floor and at the top of the staircase, set the support racks that will become the boundary for the overall design of the handrail (rail). They will also play and support, and decorative role.

Balyasits can be of different sizes, and made of various materials, so they can be attached differently. Some of them are simply installed in the drilled holes in steps and handrails, others are screwed by self-tapping, and the fasteners are closed with decorative plugs.

• They are covered on top of the handrails that are fixed on the supporting extreme racks. If necessary, in the middle of the stairs, you can install another support rack.
• If the racks are installed three or even four, then instead of a balasine, two or three smooth boards (strips) fixed parallel to the staircase can serve as a reliable fence.
• When the entire design is collected, you can proceed to surface processing with grinders and sandpaper. Preparation is carried out before applying protective and decorative paints and varnishes.
• The first layer that is applied to the tree is the antiseptic compositions. They will protect the wood from rotting, the appearance of mold or fungus, from home insects. After this design is allowed to dry.

• Next, the staircase can be in several layers covered with varnish (preferably - on water based) Hot wax or paint.
• If it is necessary to darken the wood, it is pre-coated with a veneer or other toning compositions, and then, after drying, they apply a lacquer coating on top.

After drying the paint coating, the staircase will be ready for operation.

Photo instructions for creating a staircase made of wood

Step 1 - Future Design Drawing

Video: Another interesting installation of the stairs to the second floor

If you need to install in the house, you need to carefully calculate each step of your work and approach it with full responsibility and accuracy.

Building a house at least in 2 floors, you must certainly think about the stairs in it. And if the house will be built with your own hands, logical and staircase also do.

Different photos of stairs help make a preliminary choice and clearly understand what type of lifting you need. But before it is to take for work, carefully consider the future design for strength and sizes, it will save time and money, because the wrong calculations (or the absence of them) will lead to numerous alterations of the original project.

Types of stairs

There is a large number different options staircase marches. They differ in manufacturing material (wood, concrete or metal), lifting type (common staircase, screw, with a rotation of a certain degree).

The most common is a staircase made of wood. Also often build a staircase with a turn of 90 degrees. Not a rare option when these two types of lifting devices are combined into one.

In the case of limited space, make a screw staircase made of metal. The screw type of lifting allows you to save space, and the manufacture of metal is to increase the strength of the structure. Concrete is used for stairs in massive buildings (for example, mansions).

What to pay attention to

In a low-rise building, without having experience, it is better to order a modular staircase, a sort of designer, where all the details are drinking and numbered, and you just have to gather them using the instruction. So usually make wooden stairs.

When building a staircase from concrete, except for the fill of the frame, you will need to perform exterior decoration (beautiful stone or wood materials). It turns out a double spending time and money. However, for cottages in 3 or more floors, they are mandatory for fire safety requirements.

By doing the staircase for the first time, you do not need to wade immediately on the complex design. The easier it is the model - the more likely that you will succeed with the first attempt to successfully build this lifting tool.

Pay attention to the angle of inclination of the stairs: if it is more than 45 degrees, the ladder will be considered an appropriate, and you can only go back on it back. The optimal angle of lifting is the indicator of 37 degrees.

A tree as a material for the construction is preferable, as it allows, due to its properties, to correct small construction of construction, which arose due to inaccurate calculations and inexperienced by the artist.

Also, after construction, the building can settle due to a loose soil, as a result, the staircase is capable of becoming higher or below the floor to several centimeters, and fix it is easier in a wooden structure.

When building lifting with a turn to meet, the distance between the spans should be at least 100 mm.

Stages of the building

Answering the question how to make a staircase to the second floor with their own hands, several stages of construction are distinguished.

The first stage of any structure, be it a staircase in the house, or an inter-storey staircase, is to create a project. Particular attention needs to be paid to the safety of building and its convenience in use.

The construction must withstand the average weight of an ordinary person with a fair reserve. Be sure to use the railing!

If there are no, another fence must be designed to ensure the safety-lifting safety.

Consider the creation of a wooden staircase with Kosomers

After you designed your construction, you need to prepare materials. In our case, choose the boards of suitable thickness and length, prepare balasins with railings and harvesting the boosters. It will be the second stage of construction.

As a material for the Kosomrov, a pine board is suitable for 4 cm thick. On it, they will place steps and drank the electrolovka.

Note!

We use the resulting product as a sample for the second (and if the width of the stairs is greater than the meter then the third) of the Kosher. I will write in size the required number of steps.

The third stage will make the assembly of all the details together. First of all, the cosos are installed on the places of their permanent placement. Then with the help of self-tapping screws attach steps to Kosomers.

Then, using studs, sit on the stage of the baluster, and they are attached to the handrails. The staircase is ready!

Stock Foto Stairs do it yourself

Note!

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The modern development of the construction of private houses is increasingly resorting to the construction of two or three-storey houses. Therefore, the construction in a private house serves as an important point. Of course, you can refer to specialists in its construction, but we recommend building it yourself.

Staircase on the second floor in a private house

The staircase, as a complex building element, has its own characteristics and mandatory components. Consider the composition of the stairs to the second floor of a private house:

• Ballistrade is the fencing of the stairs.
• Balaasins - fence racks in the form of small columns, between them should not pass the head of the child, so the maximum distance does not exceed 15 cm.
• Railing - fences.
• Pillars - supports for beams and overlaps.
• Bolties are metal bolts that are needed as fastening steps to the walls.
• March - rise from the steps. The tilt is important for it, since the safety of the stairs depends on it.
• The test is a support column for holding the staircase in a given position and adjust its load. Depending on the use of the instrument, the theetic staircase or space-based. Theetic uses the grooves, and the Kosooge special form for laying steps.
• The risers are the vertical part of the stage for the support.
• Transitional platform between marchs.
• The step, consisting of a sticking and riser.

The stairs on the second floor in a private house are most often made of wood, as this is an environmentally friendly material looking stylish and attractive.

Video: Beautiful stairs to the second floor

Features of various types of stairs

The wooden staircase on the second floor of a private house can be two main species. Below will be learned each of them.

Screw stairs

This type is usually chosen with limited or small space to install it. The minimum size of the platform for it may be limited to one and a half meters. For such an option there are restrictions - it cannot be used at the same time - only one, and it is also difficult to raise bulky and volumetric items.

It also distinguishes increased complexity of installation, and therefore is not very popular for collecting it on its own. It is important for it to calculate the reliability of carriers and supporting racks, and it is also important to comply with the strength of the structure.

Marsey stairs

Another thing is the marching stairs who are considered the most frequently used in private houses. They are with 1 march, as well as 2, 3 or more - the number of marches depends on the needs of the home and the availability of free square.

In addition to division in the number of marches, such stairs are divided into direct and swivels, and by location are divided into victims or independent. The latter often rest in the room center and can be allowed only to owners with a large area of \u200b\u200bthe house.

Marshic stairs are easy to assemble independently, and specialists give helpful advice On the division of marches with the number of steps more than a dozen. It is possible to divide the steps with a special platform that can change their further direction, while in this version there are special swivel steps that have a different name of trapezoid or runr.

Stairs with a turn also vary in direction. So, if it turns on a straight angle, then it is called a quarter-coal, and when turning around its axis - semoretum. A full circle is turned around a spiral staircase that cannot already be considered a march.

An intermediate option of circular and marching staircase is considered a combined type. This is the most complex type of stairs, as it requires many calculations and complex elements. It can be found extremely rare.

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Technical requirements for the design and the correct calculation of the parameters

The dimensions of the stairs on the second floor of a private house are calculated based on the availability of free space in the house. Evaluate your strength and opportunities, whether you can collect one or another complex type of design without proper skill and experience. It is better to choose a simple staircase than reassembly it several times. In addition, complex stairs require a big budget.

To correctly assemble the stairs on your own, use the following useful tips:

• The drawing of measurements will help you decide on the location of the stairs and its optimal option.

• Comfortable and safe staircase - above all, so familiarize yourself with the optimal inclination parameters, turning and size of steps.

• Steps should not be less than 20 cm in width -tasy minimum dimensions ensure the convenience of walking on it.

• The angle of lifting a maximum of 45 degrees, otherwise it will be inconvenient.
• Consider the degree of load and choose the appropriate material. For a residential building, a non-slip coating is suitable with a load of up to 350 kg per square meter.

• If there are children in the house, make the staircase as secure as possible - follow the distance between the beams and increase the level of the fence.
• The optimal width of the spans is 1 meter plus minus 12 cm.
• To calculate, use the substitution method to place the stairs rectangular triangle With the parameters you are interested. Floor catat will need to be divided into 20 cm (minimum width of the stage) and thus it turns out the number of steps. The height of the stage is calculated by the formula of the lift height, divided by 10-12 cm. You can define the width for yourself.

For the manufacture of the stairs, you will have several useful tips:

• The drawing is not necessarily drawn on your own, you can find ready-made online and adapt to yourself or take ready-made.

• If you make items yourself, then use only wood wood wood, dry. Details must be perfectly polished and accurately correspond to the parameters of the drawing or finished patterns.